metolachlor profile

Metolachlor is a pre-emergent herbicide widely used in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of weeds. It is a chiral molecule, with the S-enantiomer exhibiting greater herbicidal activity than the R-enantiomer. Metolachlor is typically synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-N-methylaniline with a substituted acetoacetic acid derivative. Upon application, metolachlor inhibits the growth of weeds by disrupting the synthesis of fatty acids, a crucial component of cell membranes. Its effectiveness in weed control has made it a valuable tool for farmers, contributing to increased crop yields. However, metolachlor has also been linked to environmental concerns, including potential contamination of water sources and negative effects on non-target organisms. Research on metolachlor focuses on understanding its mechanisms of action, developing more selective and environmentally friendly formulations, and assessing its potential risks to human health and the environment.'

metolachlor: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	4169
CHEMBL ID	1884974
CHEBI ID	83645
SCHEMBL ID	21385
MeSH ID	M0147252

Synonym
BRD-A43135847-001-02-3
acetamide, 2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-
cga 24705
KBIO1_001474
DIVK1C_006530
SPECTRUM_001833
BSPBIO_002353
SPECTRUM5_001966
ontrack 8e
cga-24705
metolachlore [iso-french]
2-aethyl-6-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyaethyl)-chloracetanilid [german]
dual 960 ec
dual 720ec
codal
dual triple
acetamide, 2-chloro-n-(6-ethyl-o-tolyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-
alpha-chlor-6'-aethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylaethyl)-acet-o-toluidin [german]
brn 2743537
dual
metolachlor [ansi:bsi:iso]
2-etylo-6-metylo-n-(1'-metylo-2'-metoksyetylo)chloroacetanilid [polish]
metolachlor, herbicide (c15-h22-n-o2-cl)
dual magnum
alpha-chloro-2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)-acetanilide
metelilachlor
hsdb 6706
2-chloro-6'-ethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-o-acetotoluidine
metolachlor technical
yibingjiacaoan
dual 8e
humextra
epa pesticide chemical code 108801
n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)-n-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline
pennant
n-(2'-methoxy-1'-methylethyl)-2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-2-chloroacetanilide
dual ii
caswell no. 188dd
o-acetotoluidide, 2-chloro-6'-ethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-
2-chloro-6'-ethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide
2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)chloroacetanilide
einecs 257-060-8
51218-45-2
metolachlor
NCGC00095767-01
NCGC00095767-02
KBIOGR_001073
KBIO2_004903
KBIO2_002335
KBIOSS_002338
KBIO3_001853
KBIO2_007471
SPECPLUS_000434
SPECTRUM2_001885
SPECTRUM4_000667
SPECTRUM3_000827
SPBIO_001790
SPECTRUM330035
2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide
NCGC00095767-03
NCGC00095767-04
metolachlor-d6
2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide
NCGC00095767-06
NCGC00095767-05
NCGC00254884-01
dtxsid4022448 ,
NCGC00258927-01
cas-51218-45-2
tox21_201376
dtxcid402448
tox21_300982
(as,5s)-metolachlor
acetamide, 2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer
acetamide, 2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-((1s)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-, (n(s))-
82535-90-8
cga-77102
CCG-39423
alpha-chlor-6'-aethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylaethyl)-acet-o-toluidin
2-etylo-6-metylo-n-(1'-metylo-2'-metoksyetylo)chloroacetanilid
x0i01k05x2 ,
metolachlore
unii-x0i01k05x2
2-aethyl-6-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyaethyl)-chloracetanilid
metoken
jindual
metetilachlor
FT-0630641
AKOS015888371
metolachor
chebi:83645 ,
CHEMBL1884974
2-chloro-6-ethyl-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide
.alpha.-chloro-2-ethyl-6-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)acetanilide
metolachlor [mi]
metolachlor [iso]
metolachlor [hsdb]
SCHEMBL21385
2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)acetamide
2-chloro-2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)acetanilide
2-chloro-2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-n-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)-acetanilide
bicep 6l (salt/mix)
primagram (salt/mix)
metolaclor (salt/mix)
dual 25g (salt/mix)
pace 6l (salt/mix)
turbo (salt/mix)
primextra (salt/mix)
bicep (salt/mix)
metolachlor, pestanal(r), analytical standard
metolachlor, analytical standard
metolachlor 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
metolachlor 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
metolachlor 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
metolachlor 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane
M3381
Q409598
mfcd00055293
CS-0013937
metolachlor 1000 microg/ml in acetone
2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-n-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) acetamide
HY-B1871
acetamide,2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-
BS-42451
EN300-18537345
BCA21845
E84049
Z3234876186

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Metolachlor is a widespread herbicide applied across North America, but little is known about its effects on amphibians."	( Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Pond Drying on Growth and Development of Wood Frog Tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus). Bergeron, P; Garant, D; Laporte, S, 2023)	1.93
"Metolachlor (MET) is an herbicide widely used and frequently found (at μg L"	( Reproductive cycle progression arrest and modification of cell morphology (shape and biovolume) in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exposed to metolachlor. Machado, MD; Soares, EV, 2020)	2.2
"S-metolachlor (S-ME) is a widely used chiral herbicide that can cause potential ecological risks via long-term usage. "	( Effects of residual S-metolachlor in soil on the phyllosphere microbial communities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cui, H; Lin, W; Lu, T; Qian, H; Qu, Q; Shen, Y; Xu, N; Yuan, W; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.59
"S-metolachlor is a selective herbicide that inhibits cell division and mitosis via enzyme interference."	( The agrochemical S-metolachlor disrupts molecular mediators and morphology of the swim bladder: Implications for locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ivantsova, E; Martyniuk, CJ; Souders, CL; Yang, L, 2021)	1.51
"S-metolachlor (S-ME) is a common chloroacetanilide herbicide. "	( Effects of S-metolachlor on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome. Cui, H; Li, Y; Liu, W; Lu, T; Qian, H; Qu, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Q, 2021)	1.71
"(S)-metolachlor (SM) is a selective pre-emergent herbicide that poses potential risks to soil-related organisms such as reptiles."	( Comparative toxic responses of male and female lizards (Eremias argus) exposed to (S)-metolachlor-contaminated soil. Chen, L; Di, S; Diao, J; Tian, Z; Wang, D; Wang, F; Zhang, W; Zhou, Z, 2017)	1.16
"The metolachlor OA is a metabolite of herbicide metolachlor and s-metolachlor. "	( Chronic toxicity of metolachlor OA on growth, ontogenetic development, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology of early life stages of marbled crayfish. Buric, M; Kouba, A; Kubec, J; Stara, A; Velisek, J; Zuskova, E, 2018)	1.36
"Metolachlor is a typical multichiral herbicide belonging to amide herbicides."	( A strategy to reduce the dose of multichiral agricultural chemicals: The herbicidal activity of metolachlor against Echinochloa crusgalli. Gao, Y; Guo, F; Liu, S; Liu, W; Xie, J; Zhang, Q; Zhao, L, 2019)	1.45
"S-metolachlor is an herbicide commonly used in intensive crops."	( Impact of oiled and de-oiled olive mill waste amendments on the sorption, leaching, and persistence of S-metolachlor in a calcareous clay soil. Albarrán, Á; Becerra, D; López-Piñeiro, A; Peña, D; Rato-Nunes, JM; Sánchez-Llerena, J, 2013)	1.16
"Metolachlor is a chiral herbicide consisting of four stereoisomers, which is typically used as a racemic mixture or is enriched with the herbicidally active 1'S-isomers. "	( Metolachlor stereoisomers: Enantioseparation, identification and chiral stability. Liu, K; Liu, W; Tang, Q; Xie, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, L, 2016)	3.32
"Metolachlor is a point-source pollutant at agrochemical dealerships in the Midwest, as well as a non point-source contaminant of surface waters caused by runoff. "	( Mass balance of metolachlor in a grassed phytoremediation system. Belden, JB; Coats, JR; Henderson, KL, 2007)	2.13
"Metolachlor is a preplant, preemergent herbicide applied to corn and soybean fields. "	( Effect of river and wetland sediments on toxicity of metolachlor. Gupta, G; Karuppiah, M; Liggans, G, 1997)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Metolachlor OA has not significant effect on behaviour (activity, total distance moved and walking speed)."	( Chronic toxicity of metolachlor OA on growth, ontogenetic development, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology of early life stages of marbled crayfish. Buric, M; Kouba, A; Kubec, J; Stara, A; Velisek, J; Zuskova, E, 2018)	1.53
"Metolachlor that has escaped degradation or binding to organic matter at the soil surface might leach into the subsurface soil where it will dissipate slowly and be subject to transport to groundwater."	( Adsorption, desorption and dissipation of metolachlor in surface and subsurface soils. Iwasaki, A; Si, Y; Takagi, K; Zhou, D, 2009)	2.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Metolachlor degraded at slower rates than atrazine in surface soils, subsoils of field and field margins with the respective DT(50) values ranging from 56 to 72 d in surface soils and from 165 to 186 d in subsoils."	( Biotransformation of atrazine and metolachlor within soil profile and changes in microbial communities. Moysiadis, TP; Oriakli, K; Papadakis, EN; Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E; Vryzas, Z, 2012)	1.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"In plants potentially toxic compounds are ultimately deposited in the large central vacuole."	( A herbicide antidote (safener) induces the activity of both the herbicide detoxifying enzyme and of a vacuolar transporter for the detoxified herbicide. Amrhein, N; Dufaud, A; Gaillard, C; Kreuz, K; Martinoia, E; Tommasini, R, 1994)	0.29
" Their toxic impact was studied on cells of animal and plant test organisms: onion (Allium cepa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and hydra (Hydra attenuata)."	( A novel nucleolar biomarker in plant and animal cells for assessment of substance cytotoxicity. Arkhipchuk, VV; Garanko, NN, 2002)	0.31
"Noncancerous adverse effects observed at the lowest dose for chloroacetanilide herbicides alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide] and acetochlor [2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-ethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide], but not metolachlor [2-chloro-2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-N-(1-methyl-2-methoxymethyl)acetanilide], are hepatotoxicity in rats and dogs."	( Comparative cytotoxicity of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor herbicides in isolated rat and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Kale, VM; Meyer, SA; Miranda, SR; Wilbanks, MS, 2008)	0.78
" However, in the relatively long term (14 d, 28 d), (Rac)-metolachlor had higher toxic effects on cellulase and catalase activities."	( Effect of chiral differences of metolachlor and its (S)-isomer on their toxicity to earthworms. Wang, K; Wen, Y; Xu, D, 2010)	0.89
" Ultrastructural studies revealed that Rac- and S-metolachlor had adverse effects on leaf cells, and S-metolachlor treatment caused higher damage."	( Comparative phytotoxicity of Rac-metolachlor and S-metolachlor on rice seedlings. Liu, HJ; Tian, BL; Xiong, MY, 2012)	0.91
" As the collective result of the treatment with cadmium sulphate and Dual Gold 960 EC, the body mass of the treated embryos decreased significantly in comparison with the control and individually treated groups, therefore we can conclude that the combined treatment resulted in increased embryo toxic effect in comparison with the individual embryo damaging effect of the used components."	( Toxicity of S-metolachlor containing formulation and heavy metals to chicken embryos. Budai, P; Kormos, E; Lehel, J; Szabó, R, 2011)	0.73
" Mixtures of the four herbicides, prepared according to application doses encountered in agriculture, were found to be toxic at a lower concentration than single molecules."	( Toxicity assessment of the maize herbicides S-metolachlor, benoxacor, mesotrione and nicosulfuron, and their corresponding commercial formulations, alone and in mixtures, using the Microtox(®) test. Bohatier, J; Bonnemoy, F; Charvy, JC; Joly, P; Mallet, C, 2013)	0.65
" At typical field application rates, the chemical regime associated with potato production does not appear to have any detrimental impacts on turtle egg development, except for the use of the soil fumigant metam sodium, which is highly toxic to turtle eggs at the lowest recommended application rate."	( Toxicity of pesticides associated with potato production, including soil fumigants, to snapping turtle eggs (Chelydra serpentina). de Solla, SR; Martin, PA; Palonen, KE, 2014)	0.4
"To evaluate the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticide coexisting with heavy metal, the enantioselective toxicity of Rac-, S-metolachlor alone and coexisting with Zn2+ on Scenedesmus obliquus was studied by using standard toxic testing method."	( [Influence of the coexistence of Zn2+ on the enantioselective toxicity of metolachlor to Scenedesmus obliquus]. Chen, CD; Hu, XN; Liu, HJ; Zhang, SX, 2014)	0.84
" obliquus) were studied using the standard toxic testing methods."	( [Combined toxicity of cadmium and S-metolachlor to Scenedesmus obliquus]. Chen, CD; Hu, XN; Liu, HJ; Zhang, XQ, 2015)	0.69
" The results of the investigation into algal growth inhibition, chlorophyll a content, and cell integrity indicated that ( S)-metolachlor [( S)-Met] was significantly more toxic than any other isomer."	( Enantioselective Toxicity of Chiral Herbicide Metolachlor to Microcystis aeruginosa. Chen, H; Chen, S; Chen, Z; Wen, Y; Zhang, L, 2019)	0.98
"The adverse effects of pesticides has led to a series of ecological, environmental and public health issues."	( Metolachlor metal-organic framework nanoparticles for reducing leaching, ecotoxicity and improving bioactivity. Cao, A; Fang, W; Jin, X; Li, Q; Li, W; Li, Y; Ren, L; Wang, Q; Yan, D; Zhang, D, 2022)	2.16

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Sorption in soils and sediments is an important factor controlling the migration and bioavailability of these herbicides, while microbial degradation is the most important factor in determining their overall fate in the environment."	( Biodegradation of the acetanilide herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor. Stamper, DM; Tuovinen, OH, 1998)	0.55
" Bioavailability of residues to sensitive plant species was also determined."	( Degradation of atrazine, metolachlor, and pendimethalin in pesticide-contaminated soils: effects of aged residues on soil respiration and plant survival. Anderson, TA; Anhalt, JC; Arthur, EL; Coats, JR, 2000)	0.61
" This indicates that aging significantly decreased the bioavailability of atrazine."	( Influence of microbial inoculation (Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP), the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase, and vegetation on the degradation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil. Arthur, EL; Coats, JR; Zhao, S, 2003)	0.52
" Particulate matter and sediment can alter the bioavailability of contaminants to organisms and therefore influence their toxicity and availability for microbial degradation."	( Effect of sediment on the fate of metolachlor and atrazine in surface water. Anderson, TA; Coats, JR; Rice, PJ, 2004)	0.6
" Our results indicate that the dissipation of atrazine by J14a is affected by the presence of indigenous atrazine-mineralizing microorganisms and probably by the bioavailability of atrazine in the soil."	( Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil. Arthur, EL; Coats, JR; Moorman, TB; Zhao, S, 2005)	0.55
" Equilibrating soil samples with metolachlor solutions containing equivalent sulfamethazine concentrations did not lead to any significant effects on metolachlor sorption, suggesting that, under the conditions of the present experiment, sulfamethazine did not affect metolachlor bioavailability in soil."	( Effects of the antimicrobial agent sulfamethazine on metolachlor persistence and sorption in soil. Accinelli, C; Epifani, R; Hashim, M; Schneider, RJ; Vicari, A, 2006)	0.86
"An extensive four-year research program has been carried out to explore and acquire knowledge about the fundamental agricultural practices and processes affecting the mobility and bioavailability of pesticides in soils under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions."	( Leaching of Br-, metolachlor, alachlor, atrazine, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in clayey vadoze zone: a field scale experiment in north-east Greece. Papadakis, EN; Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E; Vryzas, Z, 2012)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA."	( Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms. Bialek, K; Johnson, WE; Kangas, P; Mazanti, L; Rheinstein, J; Rice, C; Sparling, D; Stevenson, C, 2003)	0.58
" azteca aqueous survival decreased within the first 48 h of dosing at 10- and 20-m distances during PO and nutrients + pesticides treatments in association with permethrin concentrations."	( Responses of phytoplankton and Hyalella azteca to agrichemical mixtures in a constructed wetland mesocosm. Lizotte, RE; Locke, MA; Steinriede, RW; Testa, S, 2013)	0.39
" Temperature increase did not change SMOC toxicity but modify the shape and steepness of the dose-response curve."	( Individual and joint toxicity of the herbicide S-metolachlor and a metabolite, deethylatrazine on aquatic crustaceans: Difference between ecological groups. Baran, N; Coureau, C; Maazouzi, C; Marmonier, P; Piscart, C; Saplairoles, M, 2016)	0.69
" We combine conservative exposure scenarios with dose-response relationships for growth and survival of standard test species and apply those in the species-specific model."	( Assessing and mitigating simulated population-level effects of 3 herbicides to a threatened plant: Application of a species-specific population model of Boltonia decurrens. Brain, R; Forbes, V; Perkins, D; Schmolke, A; Thorbek, P, 2018)	0.48

Class	Description
aromatic amide	An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
ether	An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
benzenes	Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
organochlorine compound	An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	63.1503	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.8123	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.7763	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588516; AID743035; AID743054; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.4827	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.7964	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.8581	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	48.9662	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.0697	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.1711	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.2722	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID743075
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.2395	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588534; AID588535
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4505	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID588536; AID588537; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.7606	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID743223
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.0436	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.7913	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224843; AID1224895
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	38.4840	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.5160	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID720636; AID743202; AID743219
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	40.7808	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	40.7808	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (44)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1112654	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) seedlings assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1112656	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081495	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of shoot growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081483	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081494	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of root growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1112652	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) seedlings assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081482	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081492	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of shoot growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081467	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment relative to un	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081487	Herbicidal activity against Eleusine indica assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081484	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081447	Herbicidal activity against Convolvulus arvensis assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081475	Toxicity against Zea mays var. SHEN DAN 17 (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081478	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081472	Toxicity against Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera var. JING GUAN 1 assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081480	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081490	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081477	Toxicity against Zea mays var. SHEN DAN 17 (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1112657	Pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Amaranthus retroflexusassessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied to soil through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081457	Herbicidal activity against Eleusine indica assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081473	Toxicity against Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera var. JING GUAN 1 assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081452	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1112658	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera seedlings assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1112653	Pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied to soil through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081493	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of root growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081488	Herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081474	Toxicity against Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera var. JING GUAN 1 assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 150 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081485	Herbicidal activity against Eleusine indica assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 600 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081481	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081476	Toxicity against Zea mays var. SHEN DAN 17 (maize) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1100793	Binding affinity to SafBP receptor in Zea mays (maize) seedlings by [3H]Saf(R-29148) binding assay	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar, Volume: 48, Issue:3	Comparative three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study of safeners and herbicides.
AID1081462	Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment relative to un	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1080770	Inhibition of desalted triosephosphate isomerase in Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye grass) shoot assessed as transformation of GAP to DHAP applied at concentration of 20.0 mg/flat measured per mg protein after 48 hr by coupled enzyme assay (Rvb = 9.80 +/-	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 57, Issue:17	Triosephosphate isomerases in Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ): characterization and susceptibility to herbicides.
AID1081491	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of shoot growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081489	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of root growth at 100 mg/mL measured 7 days post treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1081442	Toxicity against Zea mays var. SHEN DAN 17 (maize) assessed induction of crop injury at 1404 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under field trials conditions measured 30 days post soil treatment	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1112660	Pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied to soil through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081479	Herbicidal activity against Portulaca oleracea assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID1112655	Pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) assessed as inhibition of plant fresh weight growth at 1500 g/ha applied to soil through spraying under greenhouse conditions	2012	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:11	Synthesis and herbicidal potential of substituted aurones.
AID1081486	Herbicidal activity against Eleusine indica assessed as inhibition of fresh weed plant weights at 300 g ai/ha using pre-emergence treatment protocol under greenhouse conditions relative to untreated control	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel N-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethylpyrazole derivatives.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	4 (0.95)	18.7374
1990's	47 (11.16)	18.2507
2000's	151 (35.87)	29.6817
2010's	171 (40.62)	24.3611
2020's	48 (11.40)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (1.34%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (0.67%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	440 (98.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.02	1	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.42	2	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.06	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.07	1	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
carbamates [no description available]	2.55	2	amino-acid anion
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.07	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.	7	1	chlorocarboxylic acid; haloacetic acid	alkylating agent; herbicide
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.44	2	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
glycine [no description available]	3.77	10	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.6	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.45	7	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	3.41	7	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.02	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.05	1	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	7.41	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.41	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.05	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	2.42	2	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	9.99	12	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.08	1	phenols	environmental contaminant
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.03	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetochlor acetochlor : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively.	6.05	36	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	7.3	56	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	7.12	107	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	2.13	1	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2.21	1	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
caffeine [no description available]	2.9	2	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.17	1	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	4.17	16	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	1.98	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	3.54	8	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.	7.41	1	dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.15	1	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	3.89	11	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	8.11	5	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	7.25	1	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	7.46	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.07	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.17	1	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.6	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.07	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	7.13	1	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
propachlor propachlor: structure. propachlor : An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.	5.22	9	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	2	1	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
propazine propazine: relatively non-toxic triazine herbicide; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search TRIAZINES (75-82). propazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.04	1	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.41	1	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	8.4	7	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	7.03	1	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
triallate Triallate: A pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops.	2	1	tertiary amine
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	3.81	11	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.01	1	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.52	2	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.01	1	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.02	1	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
benzoxazolone benzoxazolone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-benzoxazolinone : A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.03	1	benzoxazole	allelochemical; phytoalexin
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.21	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	7.45	2	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
aniline [no description available]	2.04	1	anilines; primary arylamine
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	7.1	1	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.07	1	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	7.13	1	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.03	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
chloroacetamide [no description available]	2.71	3
1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride: used as seed protector from herbicides	1.98	1	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride
mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.	2.8	3	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
cdaa CDAA: structure	2	1	tertiary carboxamide
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	3.06	4	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
3,4-dichloroaniline 3,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.	2.02	1	dichloroaniline	epitope; xenobiotic
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	2.41	1	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.13	1	alkane
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.13	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.41	1	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.02	1	trinitrotoluene	explosive
dichlorprop dichlorprop: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid : An aromatic ether that is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted to its 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether.. dichlorprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dichlorprop. It is widely used as a herbicide for killing annual and broad leaf weeds. Only the R-enantiomer has herbicidal activity; the S-enantiomer is inactive.	7.05	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure	2.41	1	ethyl ester; paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.02	1	dichlorophenol
cyclonite cyclonite: explosive & convulsant; structure. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane : An N-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives.	2.02	1	1,3,5-triazinanes; N-nitro compound	explosive
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.42	2	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
folpet folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.	7.41	1	organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.02	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.03	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.75	3	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.44	2	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	7.31	1	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
bromacil bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.	2.01	1	organobromine compound; pyrimidone
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.83	3	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.03	1	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.03	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
oxanilic acid oxanilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	8.41	7
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.21	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2	1	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
2-chloroacetanilide [no description available]	1.99	1
ethane sulfonate [no description available]	3.83	11	alkanesulfonic acid
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.41	2	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.08	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
2,2-dichloroacetamide [no description available]	2.15	1
dodecanedioic acid dodecanedioic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is dodecane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids.	2.41	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; human metabolite
eptc EPTC: minor descriptor (72-82); online & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-82)	7.41	2	tertiary amine
terbutryne terbutryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a tert-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively.	2.42	2	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diphenamid diphenamid: do not confuse with anti-inflammatory agent difenpiramide; structure	7.02	1	diarylmethane
6-deisopropylatrazine deisopropylatrazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.43	2	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
pebulate pebulate: structure	2	1	tertiary amine
cycloate [no description available]	2	1	primary aliphatic amine
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.11	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	3.29	6	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
phenyltrimethylammonium phenyltrimethylammonium: d9-cpd suppresses methylation artifacts in gas chromatography of serum extracts; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylphenylammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N,N-dimethylaniline.	2.03	1	quaternary ammonium ion
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.94	4	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2	1	tertiary amine
fluometuron fluometuron: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. fluometuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in cotton.	2.42	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; photosystem-II inhibitor; xenobiotic
molinate molinate : A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.	2	1	azepanes; monothiocarbamic ester	agrochemical; antispermatogenic agent; herbicide
metobromuron metobromuron: structure	2.4	2	ureas
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	4	13	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-deethylatrazine desethylatrazine: a chlorotriazine herbicide; structure in first source. deethylatrazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.	3.13	5	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	7.49	2	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.69	3	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.21	1	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.15	1	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	7.78	3	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	7.15	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.31	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.05	1	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	8.55	2	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.97	4	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.66	2	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.15	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.62	8
devrinol devrinol: structure. napropamide : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-napropamide.. N,N-diethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propanamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is propanamide substituted by two ethyl groups at the nitrogen atom and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 2.	2.46	2	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; naphthalenes
fluorodifen fluorodifen: structure	2.05	1	aromatic ether
chlortoluron chlorotoluron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.	2.63	2	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
geosmin geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.	2.02	1	geosmin
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	3.62	9	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
cyanazine cyanazine: structure. cyanazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively.	3.79	11	1,3,5-triazinylamino nitrile; chloro-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.79	3	benzenes; phenyl acetates
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	9.73	9	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2	1	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
pirimiphos methyl pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.	2.01	1	aminopyrimidine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
isopropalin isopropalin: structure	2.03	1	C-nitro compound
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	4.65	8	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	2.03	1	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
dichlormid dichlormid: antidote for EPTC injury in corn; structure	2	1	tertiary carboxamide
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	8.12	5	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
metamitron metamitron : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, a methyl group at position 3 and a phenyl group at position 6.	2.03	1	1,2,4-triazines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.08	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	7.77	3	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	3.52	2	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	7.41	1	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fenoxaprop ethyl Puma: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.	2.73	3	aromatic ether
buprofezin buprofezin: tradename - Applaud; used for the control of homopterous insect pests; structure given in first source. (E)-buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.. buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.	7.13	1	thiadiazinane; ureas
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	2.6	1	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
imazaquin imazaquin: RN given refer to parent cpd. imazaquin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-imazaquin. It is a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds.. 2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group at position 2.	7.01	1	imidazolone; monocarboxylic acid; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
florisil Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing	2.03	1
r 29148 R-29148 : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidine which is substituted by two methyl groups, dichloroacetyl group and a methyl group at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It is a herbicide safener.	2	1	organochlorine compound; oxazolidines; tertiary carboxamide	herbicide safener
prosulfocarb prosulfocarb : A monothiocarbamic ester that is carbamothioic S-acid substituted by two propyl groups at the nitrogen atom and a benzyl group at the the sulfur atom.	7.13	1	benzenes; monothiocarbamic ester	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benoxacor benoxacor: a herbicide safener that protects corn from injury by metachlor	3.36	6	benzoxazine
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.46	7	1,2,3-triazole
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	3.06	4	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
isoxaflutole isoxaflutole: structure in first source. isoxaflutole : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazole substituted by a 2-(methanesulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group and a cyclopropyl group at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor which is used as a herbicide for weed control in maize and sugarcane.	2.44	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ketone; cyclopropanes; isoxazoles; sulfone	agrochemical; EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor; proherbicide
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.74	3	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
cyproconazole cyproconazole: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. cyproconazole : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-cyproconazole in ratio 1:1 with the enantiomeric pair (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-cyproconazole. A broad spectrum fungicide, it is used on cereals and other field crops used to control Septoria, rust, powdery mildew and other diseases.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-2-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 2, a cyclopropyl group at position 3 and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group at position 1.	2.05	1	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
n-(2,4-dichloro-5-(4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2,4-dichloro-5-(4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide: FP 846 is purified form of sulfentrazone; protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. sulfentrazone : A member of the class of triazoles that is 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 4 by 2,4-dichloro-5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl, methyl, and difluoromethyl groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide to control broad-leaved weeds in soya and tobacco crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	dichlorobenzene; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide; triazoles	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
irgarol 1051 irgarol 1051: a booster biocide; structure given in first source. irgarol 1051 : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine carrying a N-tert-butyl, N'-cyclopropyl and a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.	2.77	3	aryl sulfide; cyclopropanes; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	antifouling biocide; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pretilachlor [no description available]	2.42	2	anilide
flutriafol flutriafol: fungicide; structure in first source. flutriafol : A racemate comprising an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-flutriafol. A systemic fungicide, it is used to control fungal diseases in cereal crops.. 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol : A tertiary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by an p-fluorophenyl group, the other hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, and one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group.	2.05	1	monofluorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
dimethenamid dimethenamid: structure in first source. dimethenamid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dimethenamid. A herbicide, it is applied to the soil for the control of various broad-leaved weeds and grasses. Only the S enantiomer (generally known as dimethenamid-P) is active.. 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl and a 1-methoxypropan-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom.	9.21	5	aromatic amide; ether; organochlorine compound; thiophenes
prosulfuron prosulfuron: structure in first source	2.6	1	triazines
cloquintocet-mexyl cloquintocet-mexyl: an herbicide safener. cloquintocet-mexyl : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-cloquintocet-mexyl. It is a colourless crystalline herbicide safener which protects small cereal crops against the toxicity of the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl. The World Health Organization have categorized it as a class III toxin.. heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate : A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by a chloro group at position 5 and by a 2-[(heptan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy group at position 8.	1.98	1	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; quinolines
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.05	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
desethylterbuthylazine desethylterbuthylazine: a metabolite of terbuthylazine. terbutylazine-desethyl : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a tert-butyl group at the amino nitrogen and a chloro group at position 6. It is metabolite of the herbicide terbutylazine.	7.21	1	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
phenoxazinone [no description available]	2.03	1
s-methyl diethylthiocarbamate S-methyl diethylthiocarbamate: structure in first source	2	1
gamma-glutamylcysteine L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine : A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.	2	1	gamma-glutamylcysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-chloro-n-(ethoxymethyl)-n-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide: structure given in first source	3.29	6
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.03	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.21	1
propisochlor [no description available]	8.02	4
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.01	1
mesotrione mesotrione: brandname is after the Callistemon (MYRTACEAE) plant it was found in; structure in first source. mesotrione : An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.	3.72	9	aromatic ketone; beta-triketone; C-nitro compound; sulfone	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.17	1	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.41	2	cellotriose
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.07	1	cyclodextrin
hemanthidine hemanthidine: crinine-like alkaloid from AMARYLLIDACEAE	2.17	1
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2	1	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.21	1	nitrogen oxide
fenchlorazole-ethyl fenchlorazole-ethyl: an herbicide safener	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.25	1	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
epoxiconazole epoxiconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.. 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.5	2	epoxide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; triazoles
esculin [no description available]	1.98	1	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.43	2	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.01	1	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.41	1	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.03	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2	1	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	4.09	4	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.21	1	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.61	2	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
sanshool sanshool: isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum liebmannianum; RN given for (E,E,Z,E)-isomer; structure in first source	7.1	1	fatty amide
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.15	1	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
chlorophyll chlorophyll a': RN refers to (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21alpha)))-isomer	2.11	1
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.51	2	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
zeolites [no description available]	2.41	1
pyroxasulfone pyroxasulfone: an herbicide	7.13	1
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.47	2	chlorophyll	cofactor
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.4	2	glycoside
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.97	12	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
cordierite cordierite: contains magnesium, aluminum oxides, and silicon oxides	2.48	2
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	2.05	1	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.01	1	organic anion
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	1.98	1
trifloxystrobin trifloxystrobin : The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes	2.25	1
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	1.98	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.07	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	2.21	1	peptide
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	3.29	6
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.94	4
illite [no description available]	7.41	1
nifedipine hemanthamine: crinine-like alkaloid from AMARYLLIDACEAE; RN given for (3beta,5alpha,11R,13beta,19alpha)-isomer; structure in first source	2.17	1
2-methylisoborneol 2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).	2.02	1
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.48	7
2-hydroxyatrazine 4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ol : A monohydroxy-1,3,5-triazine that is atrazine in which the chloro group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2	1	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; monohydroxy-1,3,5-triazine	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.17	1	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
chlorophyll c chlorophyll c: Rn given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.05	1
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.02	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.89	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.89	4
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	7.41	1
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	2.41	1
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	2.74	3
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.41	7
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.72	3
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	2.05	1
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	2.05	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.01	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.43	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.43	2
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.03	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.03	1
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.03	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.03	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.03	1
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	1.98	1
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.4	2
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	1.98	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.98	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	1.99	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.39	2
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	7	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2	1

metolachlor

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (128)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (20)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (44)

Research

Studies (421)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 53.16

Study Types

metolachlor

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (128)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (20)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (44)

Research

Studies (421)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 53.16

Study Types

Related Drugs (224)

Related Conditions (31)