Argon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas that makes up approximately 1% of the Earth's atmosphere. It is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere after nitrogen and oxygen. Argon is not chemically reactive and is therefore considered inert. It is found in the air and is extracted by fractional distillation of liquid air. Argon is widely used in various industrial applications, such as welding, manufacturing, and lighting. It is also used in lasers, plasma displays, and other scientific instruments. The inert nature of argon makes it useful in applications where reactivity is undesirable, such as in welding, where it acts as a protective gas. It is also used as an inert atmosphere to prevent reactions in other industrial processes. Scientists study argon to better understand its properties and potential applications in various fields. For example, researchers are exploring the use of argon plasma in medicine for sterilization and tissue regeneration. '
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 23968 |
| CHEBI ID | 49474 |
| CHEBI ID | 49475 |
| MeSH ID | M0001693 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| un1951 |
| un1006 |
| argon-40 |
| einecs 231-147-0 |
| Q696 |
| AR , |
| argon |
| argon, >=99.998% |
| argon atom |
| argon(0) |
| 7440-37-1 |
| CHEBI:49474 |
| CHEBI:49475 |
| [ar] |
| e938 |
| e 938 |
| e-938 |
| argon, compressed [un1006] [nonflammable gas] |
| FT-0693043 |
| argon, compressed |
| unii-67xqy1v3kh |
| 67xqy1v3kh , |
| argon, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) [un1951] [nonflammable gas] |
| argon, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) |
| argon, elemental |
| hsdb 7902 |
| 13965-95-2 |
| 1290046-39-7 |
| argon-40ar |
| argon [ep monograph] |
| khladon r 740 |
| argon [inci] |
| ins-938 |
| ins no.938 |
| argon [mart.] |
| argon [mi] |
| r 740 |
| DTXSID3052482 |
| DTXSID30435907 |
| DTXSID90745913 |
| (~36~ar)argon |
| argon, 99.999%, messer(r) cangas |
| XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| (~41~ar)argon |
| DTXSID40931147 |
| argon36 |
Argon plasma is an effective, safe and easy-to-use technique with a relatively low cost. Argon is cheaper, easy to transport, non-sedating, and mechanistically distinct from xenon. The argon laser is an alternative light source that can be used for the photopolymerization of resin-based dental materials.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Argon plasma is an effective, safe and easy-to-use technique with a relatively low cost." | ( Short and long term response to argon plasma therapy for hemorrhagic radiation proctitis. Armenteros Torres, M; Montes de Oca Megías, E; Morera Pérez, M; Noa Pedroso, G; Piñol Jiménez, F, 2019) | 1.52 |
| "Argon is an attractive option, being cheaper, easy to transport, non-sedating, and mechanistically distinct from xenon." | ( Moving to human trials for argon neuroprotection in neurological injury: a narrative review. Gardner, AJ; Menon, DK, 2018) | 1.5 |
| "The argon laser is an alternative light source that can be used for the photopolymerization of resin-based dental materials and for tooth bleaching. " | ( Argon laser: a light source alternative for photopolymerization and in-office tooth bleaching. Cassoni, A; Rodrigues, JA, ) | 2.13 |
| "The argon laser is a useful instrument that, during the last 5 years, has become a widely accepted and available tool in cutaneous surgery. " | ( Argon laser skin surgery. Dolsky, RL, 1984) | 2.27 |
| "Argon laser surgery is an effective treatment for ectasias and congenital port-wine stains; however, its use in children under the age of 13 is controversial. " | ( Evaluation of argon laser surgery in children under 13 years of age. Brauner, G; Cosman, B; Schliftman, A, 1991) | 2.08 |
Argon lasers have been reported to prevent or reduce demineralization of enamel in extracted teeth and to polymerize dental composites (using 25-100 J/cm2) The argon laser has demonstrated the ability to coagulate vascular lesions such as port wine hemangiomas and telangiectasias.
Argon lasers have been investigated for use in bonding orthodontic brackets. Argon and krypton cause cell damage but no shortening.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Argon was used to generate the plasma in the PECVD system chamber." | ( Effects of bias voltage on diamond like carbon coatings deposited using titanium isopropoxide (TIPOT) and acetylene/argon mixtures onto various substrate materials. Abuazza, A; Ahmed, W; Ghumman, CA; Gracio, J; Said, R; Teodoro, MN, 2010) | 1.29 |
| "Argon lasers, because of their significant timesavings over conventional curing lights, have been investigated for use in bonding orthodontic brackets. " | ( The effect of argon laser irradiation on demineralization resistance of human enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Noel, L; Rebellato, J; Sheats, RD, 2003) | 2.12 |
| "Argon and krypton cause cell damage but no shortening." | ( Effects of helium and other inert gases on Echinosphaerium nucleofilium (protozoa, heliozoa). Aidley, JS; Kitching, JA; Miller, JB, 1975) | 0.98 |
Argon treatment ameliorated only early hippocampal neuronal damage after SAH. Only argon plasma treatments lead to a phosphate starvation response. Air plasma induced the tryptophan operon implying damage by photooxidation. Argon 75 Vol% treatment abolished rotenone-induced apoptosis.
Percutaneous argon-helium CA is safe for the treatment of HCC abutting the diaphragm, with acceptable LTP and OS. Argon cryosurgery offers an effective and safe option for management of advanced hepatic carcinoma.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The fundamental measurement in pharmacokinetic studies is blood concentration of the molecule (and its metabolites) of interest." | ( Argon pharmacokinetics: a solubility measurement technique. Chalopin, M; Farjot, G; Heninger, M; Katz, I; Lemaire, J; Louarn, E; Milet, A; Tissier, R, ) | 1.57 |
Argon combined with hypothermia provides neuroprotection against cerebral hypoxia-ischemia damage in neonatal rats. Could serve as a new therapeutic strategy against hypoxic-ISChemic encephalopathy.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Furthermore, it could perform photocoagulation more effectively in some lesions with subretinal hemorrhage, because the krypton laser beam was poorly absorbed by hemoglobin." | ( Krypton and argon laser photocoagulation effects in subretinal hemorrhage. Chino, K; Noyori, K; Ohki, R, 1986) | 0.65 |
| " This study aimed to compare photocoagulation with argon green (514 nm) and krypton red (647 nm), which is poorly absorbed by haemoglobin, in the focal treatment of patients with diabetic exudative maculopathy." | ( Comparative effects of argon green and krypton red laser photocoagulation for patients with diabetic exudative maculopathy. Allagui, M; Brahim, R; Chachia, N; Khairallah, M, 1996) | 0.86 |
| " The 13CO2 absorption rate by the leaves was larger than that for 12CO2 during the light period." | ( Development of photosynthesis and respiration measurement system using mass spectrometry. Futami, J; Goto, E; Nishi, I; Okamura, N; Takakura, T, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " This Cd inhibition is possibly accomplished by the decrease of pH reducing the bioavailability of Cd in the rhizosphere." | ( Reduction of cadmium toxicity in wheat through plasma technology. Das, U; Kabir, AH; Rahman, MM; Reza, MA; Roy, NC; Sarkar, U; Talukder, MR; Uddin, MA, 2019) | 0.51 |
Argon at a dosage of 70% is neuroprotective, when given 1 h after cardiac arrest (CA) in rats.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The goal should be the identification of those oncotypes more sensive to the laser energy, allowing consequently a dosage of the energy proportional to the light absorption coefficient, reducing any side effects." | ( Prediction of the interaction effects Ar+ laser-brain tumours by study of the photoacoustic spectroscopy of cerebral oncotypes. Baldassarre, L; Cingolani, A; De Tommasi, A; Occhiogrosso, M; Vailati, G, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Success rates of 45-50% have been obtained and the complication rate has been greatly reduced by careful selection of patients and modification of the dosage used based on early experience." | ( Further experience in argon laser therapy for cutaneous lesions. Craig, P, 1990) | 0.59 |
| "5 glycine buffer and with continuous infusion of PGI2 at the dosage of 125 ng X kg-1 X min-1 diluted in the glycine buffer." | ( Experimental study of argon laser-induced microthrombosis during PGI2 infusion. Biagiotti, S; Boncinelli, S; Di Stefano, LC; Fenati, E; Giovannoni, L; Lorenzi, P; Marsili, M; Nerucci, P, 1987) | 0.59 |
| " The additional improvement achieved by retreatment together with the minimal additional chance of complication adds to the safety and practicality of minimal dosage technique." | ( Role of retreatment in minimal-power argon laser therapy for port wine stains. Cosman, B, 1982) | 0.54 |
| " Both complications were less likely to occur with argon burns at similar dosage parameters." | ( Fundus photocoagulation with the argon and krypton lasers: a comparative study. Goldberg, MF; Li, M; Peyman, GA; Raichand, M; Yoneya, S, 1981) | 0.8 |
| " After Co irradiation, the MN-free BNC dose-response curve coincided with that of the loss of colony-forming ability, suggesting the potential of the former as a predictive test of cell killing." | ( Micronucleus induction and reproductive death in a human cell line exposed to low-energy argon beam. Chauvel, P; Courdi, A; Hérault, J; Mari, D, 1995) | 0.51 |
| " Three experiments were conducted to obtain information on the relationship between cancer yield and the dose of electron radiation: (1) a conventional dose-response protocol where the number of rats per group was based on the expected tumor yield; (2) a multiple-fraction protocol designed to take advantage of yield additivity as a way to estimate carcinogenicity at lower doses; and (3) a protocol to examine the effect of age at the time of irradiation on the dose-response relationship for cancer induction." | ( The low carcinogenicity of electron radiation relative to argon ions in rat skin. Burns, FJ; Hosselet, S; Jin, Y; Koenig, KL, 1993) | 0.53 |
| " Dose-response relationships between the light and the dye with adherence of the grafts were established." | ( Enhancement of porcine skin graft adherence using a light-activated process. Chan, BP; Kochevar, IE; Redmond, RW, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Acute renal failure was not observed in this dosage of oral nickel administration by analysing NAG, beta2-microglobulin, urine albumin and urine protein." | ( Urinary nickel: measurement of exposure by inductively coupled plasma argon emission spectrometry. Dote, T; Hayashi, S; Koizumi, C; Kono, K; Usuda, K, 2004) | 0.56 |
| " To demonstrate the potential usefulness of these processes in applications, we disrupted animal cells dosed with polyhydroxy fullerenes by exposing them to a near-infrared laser for a few seconds, and also ignited an explosive charge in contact with a particle of carboxy fullerenes." | ( Optical heating and rapid transformation of functionalized fullerenes. Koopman, B; Krishna, V; Moudgil, B; Stevens, N, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The emission intensity of the intact ions was changed drastically due to the exposed dosage and incident angle of the cluster ions in contrast to the fragment ions." | ( Soft-sputtering of insulin films in argon-cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry. Inui, N; Kashihara, I; Mochiji, K; Moritani, K; Oshima, S, 2011) | 0.64 |
| " Furthermore, because C(60)(+) is responsible for generating the molecular ions, the dosage of the auxiliary Ar(+) does not significantly affect the quantification curves." | ( Parallel detection, quantification, and depth profiling of peptides with dynamic-secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS) ionized by C60(+)-Ar(+) co-sputtering. Chang, CJ; Chang, HY; Kao, WL; Kuo, YT; Liao, HY; Shyue, JJ; Tsai, MH; Yen, GJ; You, YW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " A promising solution to this problem is offered by the use of nitric oxide (NO) gas dosing during sputtering to reduce molecular cross-linking." | ( Improving secondary ion mass spectrometry C60(n+) sputter depth profiling of challenging polymers with nitric oxide gas dosing. Bailey, J; Delcorte, A; Gilmore, IS; Havelund, R; Lee, JL; Licciardello, A; Mouhib, T; Sapuppo, D; Sharp, JS; Tuccitto, N, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Argon at a dosage of 70% is neuroprotective when given 1 h after cardiac arrest (CA) in rats." | ( Dose dependent neuroprotection of the noble gas argon after cardiac arrest in rats is not mediated by K(ATP)-channel opening. Bleilevens, C; Brücken, A; Derwall, M; Fries, M; Kurnaz, P; Nolte, K; Rossaint, R; Weis, J, 2014) | 2.1 |
| "Argon at a dosage of 70 % is neuroprotective, when given 1 h after cardiac arrest (CA) in rats." | ( Delayed argon administration provides robust protection against cardiac arrest-induced neurological damage. Bleilevens, C; Brücken, A; Derwall, M; Fries, M; Kurnaz, P; Nolte, K; Rossaint, R; Weis, J, 2015) | 2.29 |
| " Primary isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were subjected to 50% argon for 1 h, and subsequently exposed to a sublethal dosage of hypoxia (<1% O₂) for 5 h either within the first (0-3 h) or second window (24-48 h) of preconditioning." | ( Argon Induces Protective Effects in Cardiomyocytes during the Second Window of Preconditioning. Beckers, C; Bleilevens, C; Coburn, M; Goetzenich, A; Kraemer, S; Mayer, B; Rossaint, R; Schemmel, S; Soppert, J; Stoppe, C, 2016) | 2.11 |
| " Therefore, our biosafety evaluation tools that use living model systems can be used to provide an experimental guideline to determine the clinically safe dosage of Ar-PJ." | ( Harmless effects of argon plasma on caudal fin regeneration and embryogenesis of zebrafish: novel biological approaches for safe medical applications of bioplasma. Choi, EH; Jang, JY; Kang, S; Kim, GY; Kim, YH; Nam, MK; Rhim, H; Yun, SE, 2017) | 0.78 |
| " Challenges include timing, dosing and administration route for each neuroprotectant." | ( Novel interventions to reduce oxidative-stress related brain injury in neonatal asphyxia. Cheung, PY; Schmölzer, GM; Solevåg, AL, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Product Category | Products |
|---|---|
| Beauty & Personal Care | 1 |
| Product | Brand | Category | Compounds Matched from Ingredients | Date Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giovanni 2chic Flat Iron Styling Mist with Brazilian Keratin and Argan Oil -- 4 fl oz | Giovanni | Beauty & Personal Care | argon, benzyl alcohol, panthenol, pro-vitamin B5, glycerin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| food packaging gas | A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. |
| neuroprotective agent | Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| noble gas atom | |
| p-block element atom | Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. |
| monoatomic argon | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1509 (39.75) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 613 (16.15) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 812 (21.39) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 687 (18.10) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 175 (4.61) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (98.41) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 157 (3.83%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 168 (4.09%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 237 (5.77%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 3 (0.07%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3,539 (86.23%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
| 2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative | human metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 7.46 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. | 5.18 | 3 | 1 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 5.72 | 20 | 1 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| benzene [no description available] | 4.13 | 16 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| cadaverine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 6.76 | 47 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 6.85 | 85 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 3.81 | 11 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 4.05 | 4 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| cytosine [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | dipeptide | |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | solvent |
| glycine [no description available] | 8.49 | 8 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol | keratolytic drug; metabolite |
| glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom. | 7.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid | mouse metabolite |
| hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 8.24 | 116 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | imidazole | |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 8.24 | 6 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 9.71 | 9 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 8.59 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | analgesic |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 5.97 | 25 | 1 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 4.34 | 6 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | protic solvent; reagent |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 8.55 | 71 | 1 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| hydroxide ion [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oxygen hydride | mouse metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| parathion [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phosphoric acids | algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| putrescine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 7.43 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | selenium oxoacid | |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid | catalyst |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| taurine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thymine [no description available] | 7.87 | 4 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| tryptamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| 2-aminofluorene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; primary alcohol | geroprotector |
| amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 1-pyrroline nitrones | neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 8.76 | 2 | 1 | dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
| bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine | anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome |
| bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bronopol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitro compound | |
| bunazosin bunazosin: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| caffeine [no description available] | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| cystamine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; primary amino compound | EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene | environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | ||
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 8.76 | 2 | 1 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 4.15 | 5 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 9.27 | 4 | 1 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 11.64 | 102 | 9 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 7.33 | 7 | 2 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 4.87 | 4 | 2 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
| pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone | acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator |
| pirenoxine pirenoxine: structure given in second source | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | ||
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs. | 13.78 | 151 | 11 | monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| tyramine [no description available] | 7.68 | 3 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 5.09 | 5 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfamic acids | |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aniline [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; naphthalenes | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | lactose | |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | ||
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cytidine [no description available] | 3.09 | 1 | 0 | cytidines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anticoagulant; flavouring agent |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | plant metabolite; refrigerant |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| acetylene [no description available] | 5.51 | 22 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | chloromethanes; methyl halides | marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant |
| boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | boranes; mononuclear parent hydride | |
| propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
| methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| formaldoxime formaldoxime: structure in first source. nitrone : A nitrogen ylide obtained by oxygenation of any imine. | 7.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopropanes | inhalation anaesthetic |
| ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| boron trifluoride [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | boron fluoride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| acetyl chloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| fluorocarbon 22 [no description available] | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | hydrochlorofluorocarbon | |
| nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| dichlorodifluoromethane dichlorodifluoromethane: refrigerant,aerosol propellant | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tetrafluoromethane tetrafluoromethane: structure in first source | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | fluorocarbon; fluoromethanes | refrigerant |
| methanesulfonic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| tetramethylsilane [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organosilicon compound | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkyl sulfate | alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| pentaerythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | pentaerythritol nitrate | explosive; vasodilator agent |
| isopentane [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkane | refrigerant |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| acrylamide [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin |
| acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; xanthene dye | fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| fluorene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| carbazole carbazole: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbazole | |
| n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| 2-chlorobenzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| 2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
| tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | xanthene | |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzotriazoles | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
| butyl methacrylate [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | |
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| methylphenyl carbinol 1-phenylethanol : An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.. methylbenzyl alcohol : Members of the class of benzyl alcohols substituted by at least one methyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic alcohol | mouse metabolite |
| trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | trehalose | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; monoterpene | antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| 4-vinylpyridine 4-vinylpyridine: reagent for blocking cysteine function in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile | |
| anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol | buffer; surfactant |
| n-phenylformamide formanilide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; formamides | |
| 4-chlorobenzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,4-dimethylphenol 2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; phenols | disinfectant; volatile oil component |
| 4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenylenediamine | allergen; dye; hapten; reagent |
| glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; epoxide | |
| butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. | 7.35 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant; refrigerant |
| allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | alkylamine | |
| propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | alkane | |
| 1,3-diethenylbenzene 1,3-diethenylbenzene: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | xenobiotic metabolite |
| bromobenzene [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound | hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol | |
| triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| 1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent |
| morpholine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| dodecylmercaptan dodecylmercaptan: used in polymerization of neoprenes; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| propylene propylene: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | refrigerant; xenobiotic |
| diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser |
| trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | trinitrotoluene | explosive |
| anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| sulfoxide sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| cyclonite cyclonite: explosive & convulsant; structure. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane : An N-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,3,5-triazinanes; N-nitro compound | explosive |
| 1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| diallyl glycol carbonate CR 39: plastic used as a charged particle detector for superimposed autoradiography tissue images | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | ||
| decylamine decylamine: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkylamine | |
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| coronene coronene: structure. coronene : A ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of six peri-fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| chrysene chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | plant metabolite |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 3.55 | 9 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic cation | |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| paraoxon [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| perfluorotributylamine perfluorotributylamine: perfluorochemical (3M Co) artificial O(2) carrier. perfluorotributylamine : An organofluorine compound that is tributylamine in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorine atoms. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | blood substitute; greenhouse gas; solvent |
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic |
| perflexane perfluorohexane : A fluoroalkane that is hexane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; radioopaque medium |
| hexafluorobenzene [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | fluorobenzenes; fluorocarbon | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses | 4.8 | 7 | 1 | organosilicon compound | |
| cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dinitrile; pseudohalogen | |
| hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| propadiene [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | allenes | |
| ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group. | 7.49 | 2 | 0 | ketene | |
| carbonyl sulfide carbonyl sulfide: structure. carbonyl sulfide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate | colour indicator; human metabolite |
| carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | quinone imine | dye |
| caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | epsilon-lactone | |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimethyl phosphate trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | trialkyl phosphate | insect attractant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol | histological dye; plant metabolite |
| azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles | antitubercular agent |
| tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol | bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin |
| phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.85 | 3 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| methyl lactate methyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methyl 2-hydroxypropionate : A lactate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid with methanol. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | lactate ester; methyl ester | metabolite |
| eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organobromine compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| 1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isothiocyanate | insecticide |
| hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 8.91 | 13 | 0 | ||
| neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
| 8-ethoxycaffeine [no description available] | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluoromethane fluoromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. fluorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.. fluoromethane : A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | fluorohydrocarbon; fluoromethanes; methyl halides | refrigerant |
| 2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; tertiary phosphine | NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| diketene [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perfluoropentane perfluoropentane: inert expander of tissue spaces, liquid at room temperature, but gaseous at body temperatures; used in experimental eye surgery; structure. perfluoropentane : A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | radioopaque medium; ultrasound contrast agent |
| diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-methylphenanthrene 1-methylphenanthrene: structure in first source. 1-methylphenanthrene : A member of the class of phenanthrenes that is phenanthrene substituted by a methyl group at position 1. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | mutagen |
| hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | enoate ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| 4-aminobenzonitrile [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hexamethylsilazane hexamethylsilazane: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | N-silyl compound | chromatographic reagent |
| pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde: structure in first source. pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde : A pyrrole carrying a formyl substituent at the 2-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazole-2-carbaldehyde; pyrroles | |
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 4.92 | 8 | 1 | ||
| cadmium sulfide [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity | |
| potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| manganese dioxide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | manganese molecular entity; metal oxide | |
| zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
| molybdenum disulfide [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sulfide salt | |
| hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials. | 5 | 9 | 1 | diarylmethane | |
| methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components. | 7.53 | 2 | 0 | ether | fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | |
| benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 4-chlorocatechol 4-chlorocatechol : A chlorocatechol that is catechol substituted by a chloro group at position 4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chlorocatechol; monochlorobenzenes | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 3.31 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 4 | 14 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| squaric acid [no description available] | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | alicyclic ketone; carbon oxoacid | metabolite |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| vantocil polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| 1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 8.13 | 5 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 12.19 | 87 | 5 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps. | 10.87 | 161 | 2 | monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 4.3 | 4 | 1 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 3.83 | 11 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45. | 8.28 | 6 | 0 | d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 4.38 | 20 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
| thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 11.3 | 92 | 4 | titanium group element atom | |
| tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus. | 3.88 | 12 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 4.21 | 17 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 8.95 | 13 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26. | 5.55 | 9 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 5.51 | 21 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 13.77 | 316 | 5 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93. | 5.04 | 5 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. | 5.72 | 16 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium | |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 17.7 | 207 | 18 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers. | 15.92 | 49 | 5 | d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom | |
| zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr. | 6.24 | 18 | 2 | titanium group element atom | |
| californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt | anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent |
| titanium tetrachloride titanium tetrachloride: RN given refers to TiCl4 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sodium phosphate | |
| sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt | fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | reducing agent |
| bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
| potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | calcium phosphate | fertilizer |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 4.47 | 7 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | iron coordination entity | |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| tungstate [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion | |
| silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt | astringent |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 10.26 | 17 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 5.03 | 13 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 3.81 | 11 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 7.46 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| fluorine monoxide [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | oxygen halide | |
| sulfur tetrafluoride [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| hexamethyldisiloxane dimethicone: a linear silicone; an ingredient of SIMETHICONE; lotion of dimeticone in a volatile silicone base has been used to treat LICE | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | organosiloxane | |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 3.87 | 12 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome |
| camphoroquinone camphoroquinone: a natural monoterpene, non-aromatic quinone; structure given in first source. bornane-2,3-dione : A bornane monoterpenoid that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 7 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; carbobicyclic compound | |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| nickel carbonyl nickel carbonyl: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-(CO)4; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | metal carbonyl; nickel coordination entity | |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 8.84 | 11 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorides [no description available] | 8.21 | 50 | 1 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| homocitric acid [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | |
| stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | tin oxide | |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| iodine [no description available] | 7.69 | 3 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 4.86 | 8 | 1 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant |
| alkenes [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic calcium salt | |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 8.76 | 2 | 1 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester | |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| mk 458 MK 458: a sustained release formulation of a naphthoxazine compoud with selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonism. naxagolide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of naxagolide. | 2 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticonvulsant; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| temoporfin temoporfin: used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| relcovaptan relcovaptan: a nonpeptide vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | proline derivative | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt | |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| irganox 1010 pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate): has antioxidant activity | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| diacetylfluorescein [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bathocuproine bathocuproine: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| yellow ii Yellow II: dye used in laser investigations | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxynitric acid [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| boron nitride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitride | |
| iridium radioisotopes Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes. | 6.34 | 12 | 1 | ||
| divinyl benzene [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | styrenes | |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | |
| alpha-furil alpha-furil: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ubiquinone-o 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone: from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata; structure in first source. ubiquinone-0 : A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| 1-methylhydantoin 1-methylhydantoin: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | bacterial metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfite [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sulfite ester | |
| 2,3-diaminonaphthalene [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid [no description available] | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| 2-naphthylisothiocyanate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-aminoethylmethacrylate aminoethyl methacrylate: cell-adhesive dextran hydrogel | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | |
| 6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| 1-methylcytosine 1-methylcytosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylcytosine : A pyrimidone that is cytosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methylcytosine; pyrimidone | metabolite |
| iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ruthenium dioxide ruthenium dioxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ru-O2 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| strontium titanium oxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-azidoaniline 4-azidoaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| coenzyme a [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| goethite [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate | luciferin |
| irganox 3114 Irganox 3114: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-methylthymine 1,5-dimethyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with methyl group substituents at positions 1 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methylthymine | metabolite |
| enkephalinamide-leu enkephalinamide-Leu: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 3.88 | 12 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
| sr 95531 [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| titanium isopropoxide titanium(IV) isopropoxide : A titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfur monoxide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | |
| benzoperylene benzoperylene: see also record for 1,12-benzperylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gallium nitride [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| prisma-fil heliobond: visible-light-curing monomer component of composite resins | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbene; methanediyl | |
| cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; cyclopropenes | |
| fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 4.31 | 18 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
| proctolin proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols | eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide | cholinergic drug; provitamin |
| quilostigmine quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrroloindole | |
| methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate: structure given in first source | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | ||
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| yttria yttria: molecular formula Y2-O3 | 2.91 | 3 | 0 | ||
| lead titanate zirconate [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| potassium titanylphosphate [no description available] | 5.2 | 9 | 0 | ||
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-) | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcium pyrophosphate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,6-dihydrothymidine 5,6-dihydrothymidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5,6-dihydrothymidine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having dihydrothymine as the nucleobase. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | ||
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| ferroporphyrin [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| cortisone [no description available] | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| permanganate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | manganese oxoacid | |
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| arabinose [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| elastin [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative | Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) | |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 7 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | anethole | flavouring agent |
| glycosides [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | triterpene | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 7.53 | 2 | 0 | stilbene | |
| flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
| polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypolyether | hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent |
| flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound | Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent |
| methyltrioxorhenium methyltrioxorhenium VII: reagent used as an oxidation catalyst for a wide range of materials | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nadp [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | ||
| valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| thioformamide thiocarboxamide : Any primary amide having its amide oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| methyl radical [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic radical | |
| nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| motexafin lutetium motexafin lutetium: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| silicon nitride [no description available] | 7.57 | 2 | 0 | ||
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
| rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | organic cation; xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. | 7 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 7 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; thiophenes | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 4.03 | 3 | 1 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| bimatoprost Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent |
| fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug |
| 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | phosphatidylcholine(1+) | |
| ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | metabolite |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 9.55 | 25 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| tin [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom | micronutrient |
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 4.51 | 4 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 10.69 | 26 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 8.16 | 5 | 0 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. | 4.51 | 5 | 1 | boron group element atom | |
| gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 9.37 | 21 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| deoxyribose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | deoxypentose | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2 | 1 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen | adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 7.02 | 24 | 1 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-trans-abscisic acid | |
| 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt | fertilizer |
| germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| benzeneselenol benzeneselenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia). | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chalcogen; metal atom | |
| radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| velvalloy Velvalloy: RN refers to zinc-free version, which contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury; a zinc-containing form is also available | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tytin tytin: composed of Ag, Cu, Sn | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine | |
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| shu 508 SHU 508: intravenous saccharide echo contrast agent with transpulmonary capacity for left heart contrast; appears in Japanese literature as SH/TA-508 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 8.01 | 4 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
| s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| disilver oxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate: showed a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), iNOS mRNA and protein. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide | |
| ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| psd 502 Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination: A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | ||
| motexafin gadolinium [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zeolites [no description available] | 7.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 5.66 | 10 | 2 | ||
| candicidin Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
| linoleic acid hydroperoxide linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein: nonfluorescent, reduced form of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jaw [no description available] | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | indolecarboxamide | |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | ||
| dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fullerene c70 [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | fullerene | |
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 7.79 | 3 | 0 | glycoside | |
| lead titanate lead titanate: ceramic fiber compound | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| lead magnesium niobate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | organotin acaricide | |
| hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | ||
| potassium borohydride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lithium niobate [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1. | 9.06 | 15 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. | 7.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphate 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphate: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| smectite smecta: used therapeutically in chronic gastritis. montmorillonite : An aluminosilicate mineral consisting of aluminosilicate layers approximately 1 nm thick which are surface-substituted with metal cations and stacked in ca. 10 mum-sized multilayer stacks. Its approximate formula is R(+)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O where R(+) includes one or more of the cations Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170. | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide | antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide |
| angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
| mica [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| feldspar feldspar: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | ||
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanine [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
| hypoxanthine [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | fundamental metabolite |
| 7-methylguanine 7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 7-methylguanine | |
| pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| 9-methylguanine 9-methylguanine: structure in first source | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 4.21 | 18 | 0 | ||
| trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 22.41 | 342 | 6 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 22.94 | 385 | 10 |
| Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 22.41 | 342 | 6 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 12.44 | 85 | 12 |
| Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 6.75 | 22 | 1 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 11.68 | 77 | 4 |
| Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471) | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 6.75 | 22 | 1 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 11.68 | 77 | 4 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 13.28 | 81 | 5 |
| Antral Vascular Ectasia [description not available] | 0 | 6.95 | 16 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 13.28 | 81 | 5 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 5 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 7.44 | 64 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 3.22 | 5 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 7.08 | 31 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 7.08 | 31 | 1 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 5.38 | 13 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 5.38 | 13 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 3.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Seroma Tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. It results from a tissue insult and is the product of tissue inflammation. It most commonly occurs following MASTECTOMY. | 0 | 7.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 10.63 | 85 | 6 |
| Incisional Hernia Protrusion of tissue at or near the site of an incision from a previous surgery. | 0 | 7.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 10.63 | 85 | 6 |
| Varices [description not available] | 0 | 7.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Angiodysplasia Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT leading to GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE and ANEMIA. | 0 | 3.43 | 7 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.56 | 26 | 0 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 9.1 | 30 | 4 |
| Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyclodialysis Clefts Finding of a separation of the CILIARY BODY in the SCLERAL SPUR region, creating aqueous outflow from the ANTERIOR CHAMBER into suprachoroidal space between the CHOROID and the SCLERA. Persistent cyclodialysis clefts may be associated with OCULAR HYPOTENSION and OPTIC DISC EDEMA. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries. | 0 | 4.56 | 26 | 0 |
| Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 9.1 | 30 | 4 |
| Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea. | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
| Iris Diseases Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris. | 0 | 5.18 | 11 | 1 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 5.86 | 12 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 9.95 | 20 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 5.86 | 12 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 9.95 | 20 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 9.84 | 44 | 1 |
| Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 3.51 | 8 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 11.95 | 36 | 6 |
| Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 9.84 | 35 | 1 |
| Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 3.51 | 8 | 0 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 21.81 | 293 | 3 |
| Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 19.52 | 291 | 0 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 26.81 | 293 | 3 |
| Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 19.52 | 291 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS. | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Parodontosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.34 | 5 | 1 |
| Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. | 0 | 6.34 | 5 | 1 |
| Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms. | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Choroid Neovascularization [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 14 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 6.84 | 15 | 1 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 6.84 | 15 | 1 |
| Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 4.1 | 3 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 4.1 | 3 | 1 |
| Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Trichiasis A disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids. | 0 | 7.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea. | 0 | 4.21 | 9 | 0 |
| Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. | 0 | 7.36 | 9 | 9 |
| Ectropion The turning outward (eversion) of the edge of the eyelid, resulting in the exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.52 | 4 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 14 | 2 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 6 | 14 | 2 |
| Micrometastases, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 6.28 | 4 | 3 |
| Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms. | 0 | 3.88 | 2 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 4.92 | 14 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 6.25 | 13 | 1 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 4.92 | 14 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 6.25 | 13 | 1 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 5.74 | 11 | 2 |
| Demineralization, Tooth [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 5 | 2 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 5.74 | 11 | 2 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 5.03 | 8 | 0 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 10.03 | 8 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Serous Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 6.84 | 15 | 1 |
| Central Serous Chorioretinopathy A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium. | 0 | 7.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 5.05 | 15 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 4.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 5.05 | 15 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available] | 0 | 5.13 | 10 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber. | 0 | 5.13 | 10 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 3.98 | 13 | 0 |
| Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.12 | 10 | 1 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 3.98 | 13 | 0 |
| Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 5.12 | 10 | 1 |
| Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 4.78 | 7 | 1 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 4.98 | 9 | 1 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 3.01 | 3 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome A reperfusion syndrome characterized by various pathophysiological processes after CARDIAC ARREST. It may include post-cardiac arrest brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN), cardiocirculatory dysfunction, (e.g., systemic ISCHEMIA), HYPERGLYCEMIA; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE and delayed death. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Prosthesis Durability [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Infection, Wound [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 6 | 1 |
| Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea, Central [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Central A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| MODS [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 8.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 7.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 4.56 | 5 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 4.56 | 5 | 1 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 6.02 | 15 | 2 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 8.49 | 32 | 5 |
| Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 5.09 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermal Hypoplasia, Focal [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 8.49 | 32 | 5 |
| Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 10.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| HPV Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Genital Warts [description not available] | 0 | 10.39 | 5 | 1 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Condylomata Acuminata Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses. | 0 | 10.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Air Embolism [description not available] | 0 | 13.32 | 27 | 3 |
| Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 8.62 | 62 | 3 |
| Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 8.62 | 62 | 3 |
| Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye. | 0 | 8.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Mouth Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 18.57 | 206 | 88 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. | 0 | 7.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 5.4 | 5 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 5.4 | 5 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 12.73 | 15 | 3 |
| Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available] | 0 | 6.05 | 8 | 4 |
| Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 9.64 | 3 | 2 |
| Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available] | 0 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90) | 0 | 6.05 | 8 | 4 |
| Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. | 0 | 4.64 | 3 | 2 |
| Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY. | 0 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 2 | 1 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 9.77 | 52 | 1 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.6 | 19 | 2 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 7.6 | 19 | 2 |
| Atrial Remodeling Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE. | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 5.57 | 9 | 2 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 5.57 | 9 | 2 |
| Diabetic Feet [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 7.45 | 32 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 7.45 | 32 | 0 |
| Genome Instability [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 5.92 | 25 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. | 0 | 4.59 | 4 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 5.92 | 25 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 9.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 13 | 1 |
| Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi. | 0 | 5.31 | 13 | 1 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 12.7 | 21 | 1 |
| Cancer of Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 7.7 | 21 | 1 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 12.25 | 47 | 14 |
| Hypomelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.83 | 4 | 2 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 7.14 | 13 | 3 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 5.65 | 3 | 2 |
| Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues. | 0 | 7.15 | 7 | 2 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 7.14 | 13 | 3 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 10.65 | 3 | 2 |
| Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections. | 0 | 5.83 | 4 | 2 |
| Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 4.88 | 8 | 0 |
| Periimplantitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Peri-Implantitis An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Albinism, Tyrosinase-Negative [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Albinism, Oculocutaneous Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types. | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 31 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 4.73 | 31 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 4.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 7.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Vision, Diminished [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). | 0 | 4.12 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pelvis [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Pediculosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids. | 0 | 7.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 14.01 | 95 | 20 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 4.42 | 8 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 4.42 | 8 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 6.33 | 14 | 1 |
| Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Emboli [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 10.15 | 11 | 1 |
| Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Barrett Epithelium [description not available] | 0 | 11.67 | 34 | 10 |
| Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus. | 0 | 11.67 | 34 | 10 |
| Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA. | 0 | 7.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 10.33 | 24 | 3 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 10.33 | 24 | 3 |
| Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 0 |
| Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure. | 0 | 7.48 | 11 | 3 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 9.8 | 11 | 6 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 7.38 | 24 | 2 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 4.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 7.38 | 24 | 2 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 4.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Spider Veins [description not available] | 0 | 6.52 | 18 | 0 |
| Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders. | 0 | 11.52 | 18 | 0 |
| Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 6.84 | 9 | 3 |
| Aneurysmal Bone Cysts [description not available] | 0 | 7.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 14 | 0 |
| Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Lentiginosis, Perioral [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 3.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits. | 0 | 7.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Choledocholithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 7.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 9.01 | 19 | 3 |
| Kelly's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 8.06 | 22 | 2 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 8.06 | 22 | 2 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 1 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 1 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL. | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Bends [description not available] | 0 | 5.85 | 13 | 2 |
| Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Stomatitis, Denture Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Suffocation [description not available] | 0 | 7.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Enlarged Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life. | 0 | 7.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is | 0 | 7.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Bronchitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomangioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophago-Pharyngeal Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 6 | 0 |
| Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 7.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 4.75 | 7 | 0 |
| Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 6.59 | 7 | 3 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 6.59 | 7 | 3 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Health Care Associated Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 4.53 | 25 | 0 |
| Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.45 | 5 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 4.45 | 5 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) | 0 | 9.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 5.87 | 9 | 1 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 4.21 | 18 | 0 |
| Fetal Macrosomia A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Postpartum Hemorrhage Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum). | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Perforation An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 8.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Depth Intoxication [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated. | 0 | 11.61 | 72 | 4 |
| Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) | 0 | 11.61 | 72 | 4 |
| Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Vulva [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Blue Nevi [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Emphysema, Mediastinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 7.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasal Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 5.22 | 4 | 1 |
| ENT Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.28 | 12 | 0 |
| Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 5.82 | 8 | 1 |
| Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose. | 0 | 5.22 | 4 | 1 |
| Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY. | 0 | 10.82 | 8 | 1 |
| Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Placenta Increta Invasion of CHORIONIC VILLI occurs deep into the MYOMETRIUM. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Placenta Accreta Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation. | 0 | 7.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 9.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 5.44 | 25 | 0 |
| Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 8.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.15 | 17 | 0 |
| Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Atresia, Esophageal [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydramnios [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Atresia Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementias, Transmissible [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Anus Diseases Diseases involving the ANUS. | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 5.65 | 4 | 1 |
| Macular Holes [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer, Second Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque. | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 0 |
| Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Villous An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Injuries, Prenatal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Nevus Flammeus [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483) | 0 | 4.49 | 5 | 0 |
| Precordial Catch [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 6.3 | 14 | 1 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 6.3 | 14 | 1 |
| Cystic Hygroma Colli [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Duodenum [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Aural Cholesteatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Sigmoid Colon Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Otospongiosis [description not available] | 0 | 10.15 | 11 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs. | 0 | 5.15 | 11 | 0 |
| Sneezing The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Breakage [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Emphysema, Subcutaneous [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Consciousness, Loss of [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Female Genital Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
| Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Verruca [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
| Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. | 0 | 9.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| HELLP Syndrome A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 9 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 3.57 | 9 | 0 |
| Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. | 0 | 7.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 9.86 | 34 | 7 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 9.86 | 34 | 7 |
| Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced. | 0 | 7.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 8 | 3 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 6.73 | 8 | 3 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 7.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 6.57 | 7 | 3 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 12.05 | 12 | 3 |
| Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 6.57 | 7 | 3 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 7.05 | 12 | 3 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 12.16 | 49 | 14 |
| Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 8.66 | 40 | 0 |
| Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE. | 0 | 5.08 | 17 | 0 |
| Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea. | 0 | 10.46 | 21 | 10 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available] | 0 | 5.73 | 21 | 1 |
| Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. | 0 | 5.73 | 21 | 1 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 10.32 | 55 | 7 |
| Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 7.78 | 38 | 2 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 10.32 | 55 | 7 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 14 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 8.97 | 14 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Acne Rosacea [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Rhinophyma A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS. | 0 | 8.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Nail Fungus [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA. | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.85 | 8 | 0 |
| Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein. | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS). | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 5.74 | 21 | 1 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 5.74 | 21 | 1 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Penis [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Penile Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Ureter [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Angioma, Cavernous A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 5.53 | 6 | 1 |
| Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 9 | 0 |
| Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Nasal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. | 0 | 7.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Angiosarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Acoustic Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) | 0 | 9.3 | 20 | 0 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Deformities, Acquired Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Mole, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 15 | 0 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.04 | 15 | 0 |
| Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nose [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 4 | 1 |
| Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. | 0 | 5.98 | 4 | 1 |
| Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi). | 0 | 5.42 | 15 | 1 |
| Cancer of Eye [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) | 0 | 7.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Aphakia, Postcataract Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Neuroretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Sebaceous Gland [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 0 |
| Lip Diseases Diseases involving the LIP. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available] | 0 | 6.71 | 6 | 4 |
| Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina. | 0 | 6.71 | 6 | 4 |
| Caries, Cervical [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypermelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 5 | 1 |
| Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 3.82 | 4 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 9.48 | 5 | 1 |
| Angiofibroma A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 8.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Drusen, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin. | 0 | 4.88 | 8 | 1 |
| Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Endothelioma, Lymphatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphangioma A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component. | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Lentigines [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Lentigo Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome). | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 9.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Nearsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness. | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
| Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lip [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Chloasma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bruise [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenomatous Polyps Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Inner Ear Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS). | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Hemorrhage Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Molluscum Contagiosum A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Cot Death [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Adnexal Diseases Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Injuries, Neck [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cornea Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Middle Ear Effusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 6.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Moniliasis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400) | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Fissure [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause. | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pus [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice. | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY). | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Adipocere [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 7.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Proctocolitis Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Rigor Mortis Muscular rigidity which develops in the cadaver usually from 4 to 10 hours after death and lasts 3 or 4 days. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Diastema An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Claustrophobia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pruritus Vulvae Intense itching of the external female genitals. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Sweat Gland [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Syringoma A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ducts. It is uncommon and more common in females than in males. It is most likely to appear at adolescence, and further lesions may develop during adult life. It does not appear to be hereditary. (Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, pp2407-8) | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Teeth [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroiditis Inflammation of the choroid. | 0 | 8.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Furrow Keratitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bladder Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Choked Disk [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Chorioretinitis Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. | 0 | 7.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 7.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Flatus [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Angioid Streaks Small breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Dead [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Dental Deposit [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Anal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Bowen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Anus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired. | 0 | 6.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Splenic Rupture Rupture of the SPLEEN due to trauma or disease. | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Drop Attack [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9) | 0 | 6.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Ocular Toxoplasmosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis, Ocular Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 6.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Hemorrhage Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Glomus Jugulare Tumor A paraganglioma involving the glomus jugulare, a microscopic collection of chemoreceptor tissue in the adventitia of the bulb of the jugular vein. It may cause paralysis of the vocal cords, attacks of dizziness, blackouts, and nystagmus. It is not resectable but radiation therapy is effective. It regresses slowly, but permanent control is regularly achieved. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1603-4) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Male Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Translocation [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Microphthalmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lens Diseases Diseases involving the CRYSTALLINE LENS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104) | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Ametropia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiokeratoma A vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin characterized by TELANGIECTASIS and secondary epithelial changes including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80) | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal Laceration-Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Aphakia Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction. Aphakia is mainly congenital or as result of LENS DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 6.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Thalassemias [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiomatosis A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformations of BLOOD VESSELS, or reactive vascular proliferations, such as in bacillary angiomatosis. Angiomatosis is considered non-neoplastic. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |