Compounds > bellidifolin
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

bellidifolin

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Description

bellidifolin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

bellidifolin : A member of the xanthone family that is bellidin substituted with a methyl group at O-3. A natural product found particularly in Swertia chirata and Gentianella campestris. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
GentianellagenusA plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE that contains nitiol (a C25 sesterterpenoid) & nitidasin.[MeSH]GentianaceaeA plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]
SwertiagenusA plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE. It is a source of swertiapuniside and IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES.[MeSH]GentianaceaeA plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5281623
CHEMBL ID185776
CHEBI ID3008
MeSH IDM0241112

Synonyms (37)

Synonym
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-xanthen-9-one
3-methoxy-1,5,8-trihyroxyxanthen-9-one
2798-25-6
3-methoxy-1,5,8-trihydroxyxanthone
bellidifolin
C10053
brn 0288441
9h-xanthen-9-one, 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-
xanthen-9-one, 3-methoxy-1,5,8-trihydroxy-
3-methoxy-1,5,8-trihydroxyxanthen-9-one
bellidifoline
ccris 5471
bellidifolium
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9h-xanthen-9-one
smr001397148
MLS002473044
xanthen-9-one, 1.1
bdbm50155420
CHEMBL185776 ,
chebi:3008 ,
NCGC00247483-01
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthen-9-one
HMS2270C16
AKOS016010654
AC-34445
Q-100356
FT-0698157
DTXSID30182262
1,5,8-trihydroxyl-3-methoxy xanthone
X522Q6XJR9
xanthen-9-one, 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-
Q27067443
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone
HY-N2000
CS-0018319
MS-23889
CAA79825
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
hypoglycemic agentA drug which lowers the blood glucose level.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
xanthonesAny member of the class of xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.
polyphenolMembers of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency63.09570.631035.7641100.0000AID504339
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.57740.004110.890331.5287AID504467
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.94330.354828.065989.1251AID504847
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.133725.412989.1251AID588795
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.425612.059128.1838AID504891
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency56.23410.050127.073689.1251AID588590
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.22020.15855.287912.5893AID540303
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.22020.15855.287912.5893AID540303
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.22020.15855.287912.5893AID540303
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency4.73020.060110.745337.9330AID485367; AID504636; AID504637
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.66000.00002.37899.7700AID240726
Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.70000.00021.183210.0000AID1799498
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (63)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
biogenic amine metabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signal transductionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organizationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuron migrationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergicCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular protein transportCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle tissue developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
motor neuron axon guidanceCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
visual learningCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
Schwann cell developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macroautophagyCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar cortex formationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampus developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
layer formation in cerebral cortexCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
corpus callosum developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell migrationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of axon extensionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein ubiquitinationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic plasticityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
receptor catabolic processCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergicCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to synapseCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
receptor clusteringCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycleCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein export from nucleusCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
axon extensionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte differentiationCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite morphogenesisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cell divisionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion importCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein targeting to membraneCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization to plasma membraneCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
ErbB-2 class receptor bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activator activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
ErbB-3 class receptor bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein bindingCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
microtubuleCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complexCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densityCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase 5 complexCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodiumCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cell junctionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
filopodiumCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
axonCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
growth coneCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryonCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (24)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID384215Antiproliferative activity against rat C6 cells assessed as cell number after 48 hrs by crystal violet assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10
Antiglioma action of xanthones from Gentiana kochiana: Mechanistic and structure-activity requirements.
AID384227Inhibition of bovine brain tubulin by microtubule depolymerization assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10
Antiglioma action of xanthones from Gentiana kochiana: Mechanistic and structure-activity requirements.
AID384216Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as cell number after 48 hrs by crystal violet assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10
Antiglioma action of xanthones from Gentiana kochiana: Mechanistic and structure-activity requirements.
AID383160Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B at 10 uM2008Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5
Xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities.
AID240726Concentration required to inhibit monoamine oxidase activity by 50%2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 14, Issue:22
QSAR modeling of the MAO inhibitory activity of xanthones derivatives.
AID383159Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A at 10 uM2008Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5
Xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities.
AID383158Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at 10 uM by Ellman's method2008Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5
Xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities.
AID1799498In Vitro Kinase Assay of Tau Phosphorylation from Article 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.011: \\Defining Cdk5 ligand chemical space with small molecule inhibitors of tau phosphorylation.\\2005Chemistry & biology, Jul, Volume: 12, Issue:7
Defining Cdk5 ligand chemical space with small molecule inhibitors of tau phosphorylation.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (20)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's2 (10.00)18.2507
2000's6 (30.00)29.6817
2010's9 (45.00)24.3611
2020's3 (15.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 19.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index19.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.04 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.00 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (19.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other20 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.110acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.0410aromatic amine
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.110chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.110nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
xanthone
xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.		2.0210xanthonesinsecticide
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.3920xanthene
acrolein
[no description available]		2.1510enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
syringaldehyde
syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.1510dimethoxybenzene;
hydroxybenzaldehyde		hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		2.0410benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.4620hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.110dialdehydebiomarker
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.0410taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
2-Methoxyxanthone
[no description available]		2.0210xanthones
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		1.9810
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.0210
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.0510
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		2.15103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		2.4620
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.110biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
scopoletin
[no description available]		2.1510hydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
sinapaldehyde
sinapyl aldehyde: structure in first source. (E)-sinapaldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.1510cinnamaldehydes;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		antifungal agent;
plant metabolite
demethylbellidifolin
demethylbellidifolin: protects the myocardium against damage due to ischemia-reperfusion in rats. bellidin : A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris.		2.9440tetrol;
xanthones		antioxidant;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mutagen;
radical scavenger
gentiacaulein
gentiacaulein: structure in first source. gentiacaulein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 6.		2.4320aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		plant metabolite
gentisein
gentisein: isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum; structure in first source. gentisein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 7.		2.0210polyphenol;
xanthones		plant metabolite
1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone
1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone: isolated from Gentianopsis paludosa. 2-O-methylswertianin : A member of the class of xanthones that is swertianin in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.		2.5120aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		plant metabolite
norathyriol
norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.		2.0210polyphenol;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
norswertianolin
norswertianolin: RN given refers to beta-D-isomer; from Swertia randaiensis; shows depressant acitivity on cental nervous system. norswertianolin : A beta-D-glucoside that is bellidin in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position O-8. A natural product found particularly in Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica.		2.0410beta-D-glucoside;
xanthones		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone
1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone: has antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities; isolated from Swertia corymbosa; structure in first source. swertianin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 8 and a methoxy group at position 6. It has been isolated from various species of the genus Swertia and has been found to exhibit antioxidant activities.		2.4320aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
1-hydroxyxanthone
1-hydroxyxanthone: structure in first source		2.0210
decussatin
decussatin: a Swertia decussata xanthone; structure in first source. decussatin : A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 6. It has been isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Gentiana verna.		2.4320aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		plant metabolite
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.0210
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.0210
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.0410
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.0410
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.5120
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.5120
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.610
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.610
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		02.110
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		02.110
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.0510
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.6930
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		02.0510
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.0510
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.0510
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		01.9810
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		06.9810