dichlorvos profile

Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3039
CHEMBL ID	167911
CHEBI ID	34690
SCHEMBL ID	25067
MeSH ID	M0006282

Synonym
dichlorvos (ddvp)
BIDD:ER0583
dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
o,o-dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate
dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate
atgard c
tap 9vp
OKO ,
unifos (pesticide)
nci-c00113
dimethyl 2,2-dichloroethenyl phosphate
lindanmafu
2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate
krecalvin
o-(2,o-dimethylphosphat
algard
nsc6738
vapona insecticide
task
szklarniak
vinylophos
dedevap
herkol
bay-19149
nsc-6738
phosphoric acid,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
equigel
fekama
xlp 30
atgard v
brevinyl
0,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
phosvit
ddvp
fecama
(2,2-dichloro-vinil)dimetil-fosfato
wln: gygu1opo&o1&o1
vinylofos
sd-1750
phosphoric acid 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl ester
dichlorman
vinyl alcohol,2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate
dichlorfos
ent-20738
canogard
nerkol
dichlorovos
nuvan
dichloorvo
bibesol
(2,2-dichloor-vinyl)-dimethyl-fosfaat
divipan
oms 14
(2,2-dichlor-vinyl)-dimethyl-phosphat
dichlorophos
2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate
equigard
ethenol,2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate
marvex
brevinyl e-50
dichlorphos
vaponite
sd 1750
herkal
nogos
62-73-7
chlorvinphos
unifos
ddvf
o,2-dichlor-vinyl)-phosphat
dichlorvos
mopari
nogos g
phosphoric acid,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl ester
nuvan 100 ec
dimethyl o,2-phosphate
winylophos
nogos 50
vapona
tenac
estrosel
phosphate, 2-2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl
ddvp (insecticide)
dichlorovas
dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate
brevinyl e 50
atgard
cekusan
phosphate de dimethyle et de 2,2-dichlorovinyle
KBIO1_001400
DIVK1C_006456
duravos
dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
CHEBI:34690 ,
D03791
dichlorvos (usan/inn)
atgard (tn)
SPECTRUM_001779
unitox
phosphoric acid 2,2 dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
o-(2, 2-dichlorvinyl)-o,o-dimethylphosphat
dichlorfos(polish)
(2, 2-dichlor-vinyl)-dimethyl-phosphat
(2, 2-dichloro-vinil)dimetil-fosfato
dimethyl o, o-dichlorovinyl-2,2-phosphate
ethenol, 2, 2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate
o,o-dimethyl-o-(2, 2-dichlor-vinyl)-phosphat
0, 0-dimethyl 0-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
phosphoric acid, 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
vinyl alcohol, 2,2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate
(2,2-dichloor-vinyl)-dimethyl-fosfaat (dutch)
phosphoric acid, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl ester
BSPBIO_002279
SPECTRUM5_001930
NCGC00090997-01
NCGC00090997-02
dichlorvos (vapona)
cypona
udvf
dichlorfos [polish]
estrosol
2,2-dichloroethenyl phosphoric acid dimethyl ester
hsdb 319
delevap
verdisol
o,o-dimethyl-o-(2,2-dichlor-vinyl)-phosphat [german]
fly-die
nogos 50 ec
diclorvos
des (phosphate)
novotox
insectigas d
verdipor
astrobot
2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphoric acid ester
nuvan 7
phosphoric acid 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
ccris 230
dichlorvosum [inn-latin]
epa pesticide chemical code 084001
ai3-20738
apavap
panaplate
diclorvos [inn-spanish]
nuva
o,o-dwumetylo-o-dwuchlorowinylofosforan [polish]
dichloorvo [dutch]
nefrafos
ent 20738
derriban
brn 1709141
denkavepon
(2,2-dichloor-vinyl)-dimethyl-fosfaat [dutch]
deriban
tetravos
nsc 6738
bayer 19149
vapora ii
mafu strip
equigand
benfos
o,o-dimethyl o-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
(2,2-dichloro-vinil)dimetil-fosfato [italian]
devikol
no-pest strip
no-pest
brevinyl e50
bay-b 4986
phosphate de dimethyle et de 2,2-dichlorovinyle [french]
unifos 50 ec
dichlorvos [bsi:iso]
einecs 200-547-7
o,o-dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
nuvan 100ec
dichlofos
task tabs
2,2-dichlorovinyl alcohol dimethyl phosphate
(2,2-dichlor-vinyl)-dimethyl-phosphat [german]
fly fighter
ethenol, 2,2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate
dichlorvos [usan:inn:ban]
caswell no. 328
2,2-dichlorovinyl-o,o-dimethyl phosphate
mafu
verdican
uniphos
dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate
2,2-dichloroethenol dimethyl phosphate
derribante
equiguard
o-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-o,o-dimethylphosphat [german]
NCGC00090997-04
NCGC00090997-03
KBIO3_001779
KBIOGR_000999
KBIOSS_002260
KBIO2_004827
KBIO2_007395
KBIO2_002259
SPBIO_001074
SPECTRUM2_001227
SPECTRUM3_000810
SPECPLUS_000360
SPECTRUM4_000650
NCGC00090997-05
NCGC00090997-06
dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate
HMS2091C21
oebrkcosufcwjd-uhfffaoysa-
inchi=1/c4h7cl2o4p/c1-8-11(7,9-2)10-3-4(5)6/h3h,1-2h3
smr000777927
MLS002222471
AKOS005111045
CHEMBL167911 ,
bdbm50286926
A833962
2,2-bis(chloranyl)ethenyl dimethyl phosphate
NCGC00090997-09
NCGC00090997-08
NCGC00090997-07
2,2-dichlorovinyl
tox21_300840
NCGC00259166-01
NCGC00254743-01
tox21_201617
tox21_111052
dtxcid90449
dtxsid5020449 ,
cas-62-73-7
CCG-39147
o,o-dwumetylo-o-dwuchlorowinylofosforan
dichlorvosum
o-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-o,o-dimethylphosphat
o,o-dimethyl-o-(2,2-dichlor-vinyl)-phosphat
unii-7u370bps14
7u370bps14 ,
dichlorvos [mi]
dichlorvos [green book]
dichlorvos [inn]
dichlorvos [iso]
dichlorvos [iarc]
dichlorvos [usp-rs]
dichlorvos [mart.]
dichlorvos [hsdb]
dichlorvos [who-dd]
dichlorvos [usan]
SCHEMBL25067
tox21_111052_1
NCGC00090997-11
o-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-o,o-dimethylphosphate
OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2,2-dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate
prima u
(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-dimethyl-fosfate
dichlorovinphos
o-o-dimethyl-o(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate
nuvos
AB00053012_02
mfcd00036123
SR-05000001548-1
sr-05000001548
dichlorvos, pestanal(r), analytical standard
dichlorvos, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
aquaguard
o-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) o,o-dimethyl phosphate, 9ci
dimethyl o,o-dichlorovinyl-2,2-phosphate
2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, 8ci
phosphoric acid, 2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester
SBI-0052506.P003
Q420622
DB11397
dichlorvos 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
dichlorvos 1000 microg/ml in acetone
dichlorvos 100 microg/ml in n-hexane
vapona ii
atgard swine wormer, atgard v swine wormer
dichlorvos (iarc)
nuvan 500 ec
unifos 50ec
sd1750
atgard swine wormer 27 g, atgard swine wormer 5.4g, atgard v swine wormer 27 g, atgard v swine wormer 5.4 g
nogos 500
brevinyl weedat 0002
atgard c premix 9.6%
celcusan
task dog anthelmintic
diclorvos (inn-spanish)
o,o-dimethyl-o-2,2-dichlorvinyl dimethyl phosphate
dichlorvos (usp-rs)
atgard c swine wormer
o,o-dimethyl-o-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate
dichlorvosum (inn-latin)
dichlorvos (mart.)
equigard, verdisol
(2,2-dichloor-vinyl)-dimethyl-phosphat
usepa/opp pesticide code: 084001
phosvit 75

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dichlorvos is a widely used organophosphorus fumigant that is ubiquitous in the environment."	( Effects of short-term exposure to volatile pesticide dichlorvos on the olfactory systems in Spodoptera litura: Calcium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and apoptosis. Chen, J; Fang, SM; Li, SS; Yu, QY; Zhang, Z, 2023)	1.88
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorous insecticide which is classified as "highly hazardous" Class 1B chemical by World Health Organization (WHO) and largely misused for the purpose of self-poisoning in developing countries. "	( Simple determination of dichlorvos in cases of fatal intoxication by gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry. A S Abourehab, M; Chauhan, V; Deswal, B; Jain, B; Jain, R; Kaur, S; Sharma, S, 2023)	2.66
"Dichlorvos is a common crop insecticide widely used by people which causes extensive and serious environmental pollution. "	( Investigation of the effects of dichlorvos poisoning on AMPK signaling pathway in chicken brain tissues. Cao, H; Guo, X; Hu, G; Latigo, V; Li, G; Li, L; Liu, P; Wu, C; Xiao, Y; Xu, Z; Zheng, X; Zhou, C, 2020)	2.28
"Dichlorvos is a known risk factor for organ toxicity. "	( Suppression of uric acid generation and blockade of glutathione dysregulation by L-arginine ameliorates dichlorvos-induced oxidative hepatorenal damage in rats. Abidoye, AO; Adekunle, AO; Akhigbe, RE; Dare, OS; Saka, WA, 2021)	2.28
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus compound with insecticidal effects. "	( Dichlorvos poisoning caused chicken cerebrum tissue damage and related apoptosis-related gene changes. Gu, Y; Guo, X; Hu, G; Huang, C; Li, G; Liu, P; Wu, C; Xu, Z, 2021)	3.51
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an insecticide with neurotoxicity that is widely used in agricultural production and life. "	( Correlation between acute brain injury and brain metabonomics in dichlorvos-poisoned broilers. Cao, H; Cheng, S; Guo, X; Hu, G; Huang, C; Huang, L; Li, G; Liu, P; Liu, X; Wu, C; Xu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhao, Y; Zhou, C; Zhuang, Y, 2022)	2.4
"Dichlorvos is an important insecticide used largely. "	( Acute dichlorvos poisoning induces hemorheological abnormalities in rabbits via oxidative stress. He, D; Jia, B; Ka, W; Sun, D; Wang, X; Wen, Z; Yao, W; Zhang, X, 2010)	2.28
"Dichlorvos is a synthetic insecticide and belongs to a family of chemically related organophosphate pesticides (OP)."	( Cellular and molecular mechanisms of dichlorvos neurotoxicity: cholinergic, nonchlolinergic, cell signaling, gene expression and therapeutic aspects. Binukumar, BK; Gill, KD, 2010)	1.35
"Dichlorvos is an organophosphorus insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. "	( Dichlorvos-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective role of vitamins C and E. Dirican, EK; Kalender, Y, 2012)	3.26
"Dichlorvos (DIC) is an organophosphate compound with cholinergic and noncholinergic neurotoxicity as well as non-neuronal cytotoxicity. "	( microRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis of dichlorvos cytotoxicity in porcine kidney epithelial PK15 cells. Li, S; Ran, XQ; Wang, JF; Xu, L, 2011)	2.06
"Dichlorvos is a synthetic insecticide that belongs to the family of chemically related organophosphate (OP) pesticides. "	( Protective efficacy of mitochondrial targeted antioxidant MitoQ against dichlorvos induced oxidative stress and cell death in rat brain. Bal, A; Gill, KD; Gudup, S; Kandimalla, RJ; Sharma, DR; Singh, PP; Sunkaria, A; Wani, WY, 2011)	2.04
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphate compound that causes neurotoxicity. "	( Caspase 1, caspase 3, TNF-alpha, p53, and Hif1-alpha gene expression status of the brain tissues and hippocampal neuron loss in short-term dichlorvos exposed rats. Acar, K; Boz, B; Dodurga, Y; Kurtulus, A; Nilufer Yonguc, G, 2012)	2.02
"Dichlorvos is an acutely toxic organophosphorous pesticide that is known as a classical acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor. "	( Effect of dichlorvos on the acetylcholinesterase from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) brain. Amaral, IP; Assis, CR; Bezerra, RS; Carvalho, LB; Castro, PF, 2007)	2.18
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is a methylating agent. "	( Alkylating properties of dichlorvos (DDVP). Ehrenberg, L; Segerbäck, D, 1981)	2.01
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphate insecticide used to protect museum specimens from insect pests. "	( Respiratory exposure of museum personnel to dichlorvos insecticide. Beck, ED; Deer, HM; Roe, AH, 1993)	1.99
"Dichlorvos, which is a phosphoric ester with a dichlorovinyl group as side chain, and trichlorphon, which is known for its spontaneous conversion in dichlorvos, are both mutagenic in Salmonella (strain TAI535) and Streptomyces."	( Mutagenicity of dichlorvos and other structurally related pesticides in Salmonella and Streptomyces. Cardamone, G; Carere, A; Morpurgo, G; Ortali, VA, 1978)	1.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"dichlorvos has been investigated in relation to selected water hardness for the freshwater zooplankters such as Moina, Daphnia, cyclops and nauplii."	( Acute toxicity of organophosphate insecticide, dichlorvos in relation to selected water hardness for the freshwater zooplankters. Gupta, AK; Jain, KL; Verma, GP, 2008)	1.32
"Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been studied in 11 cancer bioassays. "	( Dichlorvos--a comprehensive review of 11 rodent carcinogenicity studies. Ishmael, J; MacGregor, JA; Manley, A, 2006)	3.22
"Dichlorvos has been in widespread use as an insecticide for over 40 years, during which time its carcinogenicity and genotoxicity have been evaluated extensively. "	( Review of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of dichlorvos. Booth, ED; Elliott, BM; Jones, E, 2007)	2.03

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dichlorvos poisoning can cause muscarinic (M) -like symptoms, nicotinoid (N) -like symptoms and central nervous system manifestations. "	( [Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technique in patients with refractory shock caused by dichlorvos poisoning]. Liu, QY; Sun, JJ; Wang, TT, 2023)	2.57
"Dichlorvos did not cause cholinomimetic symptoms even though blood cholinesterase was significantly inhibited (plasma -51.3% and erythrocyte -43.7%)."	( Latent dichlorvos neurotoxicity detected by vagal tone monitoring in dogs. Dellinger, JA; Koritz, GD; McKiernan, BC; Richardson, BC, )	1.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dichlorvos treatment caused marked inhibition in cAMP synthesis as indicated by decreased adenylate cyclase activity as well as cAMP levels in cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem."	( Altered cholinergic metabolism and muscarinic receptor linked second messenger pathways after chronic exposure to dichlorvos in rat brain. Gill, KD; Raheja, G, 2007)	1.27
"In dichlorvos-treated quail embryos, the ultrastructural cytochemistry of gonads reveals perturbations in the glycoconjugate distribution. "	( [Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of primordial germ cells involved in migration in dichlorvos-treated quail embryos]. Bruel, MT; David, D, 1981)	1.11
"Dichlorvos treatment of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus SYS-4 (NRRL 2999) or a verscolorin A-accumulating mutant, NIAH-9, resulted in accumulation of versiconol acetate (VOAc) and versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA), whereas the production of aflatoxins, versicolorin A (VA), and versiconol (VOH) decreased. "	( A metabolic grid among versiconal hemiacetal acetate, versiconol acetate, versiconol and versiconal during aflatoxin biosynthesis. Ando, Y; Hamasaki, T; Yabe, K, 1991)	1.72
"The treatment of dichlorvos poisoning practically eliminate stressogenic effects of dichlorvos."	( Treatment of the stressogenic effect of dichlorvos. Bajgar, J; Kassa, J, 1994)	0.88
"Treatment with dichlorvos may have precipitated these events."	( Caval syndrome in a Dirofilaria immitis-infected dog treated with dichlorvos. Eaton, KA; Rosol, TJ, 1989)	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Preincubation of erythrocytes with glutathione prevented the toxic effects of the pesticide with the maintenance of both glutathione and methemoglobin at a control level."	( Erythro-toxicity of dichlorvos and possibility of its modification in vitro. Grabarczyk, M; Woźniak, J, 1992)	0.61
" These compounds produced toxic effects on hepatocytes as evidenced by malondialdehyde production and lactate dehydrogenase leakage in a dose-dependent manner up to the concentration of 2 mM, dichlorvos being more toxic than trichlorfon."	( Hepatotoxicity of trichlorfon and dichlorvos in isolated rat hepatocytes. Morita, S; Yamano, T, 1992)	0.75
" These results indicate that the enzymes SOD and catalase may enhance the disposal of potentially toxic radicals."	( Neurotoxicity of dichlorvos: effect on antioxidant defense system in the rat central nervous system. Gill, KD; Julka, D; Pal, R, 1992)	0.62
" Using the same protocol, six pesticides applied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at doses of 1/8, 1/16, and 1/32 of the dermal LD50 were investigated."	( Comparison of the activity of topically applied pesticides and the herbicide 2,4-D in two short-term in vivo assays of genotoxicity in the mouse. Goldberg, MT; Hardy, MH; Schop, RN, 1990)	0.28
" The approximate LD50 values calculated by this method showed little difference between two separate laboratories and were in good agreement with LD50 values reported in the literature."	( A simple method for screening assessment of acute toxicity of chemicals. Hashimoto, M; Kobayashi, K; Nishimura, M; Sekizawa, J; Tobe, M; Yamanaka, S, 1990)	0.28
" musculus to the toxic effects of DDVP, both species were exposed to 0, 3 and 6 g of pelleted DDVP per cage."	( Dichlorvos toxicity in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Brodie, SJ; DiGiacomo, RF; Giddens, WE; Van Hoosier, GL, 1987)	1.72
" The PTZ alone was not toxic and did not inhibit EACE activity."	( Toxicity and interaction of topical organophosphate insecticide dichlorvoscrotoxyphos and phenothiazine anthelmintic in sheep previously exposed to both drugs. Mohammad, FK; St Omer, VV, 1985)	0.51
" The cumulative LD50 dose depended upon the time interval between injections of toxic agent."	( Factors modifying the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds including dichlorvos. Sterri, SH, 1981)	0.5
" In hens double doses of trichlorphon each exceeding unprotected LD50 can produce moderate neuropathy associated with appropriately high inhibitions of neurotoxic esterase."	( Delayed neurotoxicity - do trichlorphon and/or dichlorvos cause delayed neuropathy in man or in test animals? Johnson, MK, 1981)	0.52
" To evaluate the potential toxicity of prophylactic anti- parasitic treatments on strains of mice that are commonly used as experimental models and in genetic engineering in our facility, we surveyed a number of strains and ages of mice for toxic reactions during treatment regimens that combine anthelminthic and anti-acaricidal agents."	( Toxicity evaluation of prophylactic treatments for mites and pinworms in mice. Frazier, S; Oberbeck, C; Rehg, JE; Straign, CM; Toth, LA, 2000)	0.31
" The results presented herein, indicate that the toxic effects of dichlorvos could be mediated through modifications in the intracellular calcium homeostasis which may lead to impaired neuronal function."	( Calcium homeostasis and dichlorvos induced neurotoxicity in rat brain. Gill, KD; Raheja, G, 2002)	0.86
" Organophosphorus insecticide, dichlorvos (DDVP), was employed as a model chemical for assessing conventional ozonation and catalytic ozonation, because its oxidative intermediate is toxic and is not degraded by direct ozonation."	( Catalytic ozonation of an organophosphorus pesticide using microporous silicate and its effect on total toxicity reduction. Fujita, H; Kim, BS; Sakai, Y; Sakoda, A; Suzuki, M, 2002)	0.6
" In summary, the 50% dichlorvos containing insecide formulation (Unifosz 50 EC) and the 50% atrazine containing herbicide formulation (Hungazin PK 50 WP) were toxic to the developing chicken embryos at the highest concentration in our study."	( Toxicity of a dichlorvos containing insecticide formulation and an atrazine containing herbicide formulation in chicken embryos after individual administration. Budai, P; Fejes, S; Juhász, E; Keseru, M; Pongrácz, A; Szabó, R, 2004)	1
"The indiscriminate use of pesticides and herbicides to increase crop productivity has aroused a great concern among the environmental and health scientists due to their adverse effects in both target as well as non-target species."	( In vitro induction of cytotoxicity and DNA strand breaks in CHO cells exposed to cypermethrin, pendimethalin and dichlorvos. Bajpayee, M; Dhawan, A; Pandey, AK; Parmar, D; Patel, S, 2007)	0.55
"The study highlights the adverse effects of organophosphate compounds dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos on reproduction in Drosophila."	( Adverse effect of organophosphate compounds, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: 70kDa heat shock protein as a marker of cellular damage. Chowdhuri, DK; Gupta, SC; Mathur, N; Mishra, RK; Mitra, K; Saxena, DK; Siddique, HR, 2007)	0.83
"This study evaluates the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide (OP) dichlorvos to the endangered Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus)."	( Acute toxicity of dichlorvos to Aphanius iberus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) and its anti-cholinesterase effects on this species. Amat, F; Navarro, JC; Varó, I, 2008)	0.91
"Acute toxic effects of three commonly used insecticidal preparations of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were examined in mixed breed broiler chicks, and cholinesterase activity in plasma and brain were measured."	( Acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in chicks dosed orally with organophosphate insecticides. Al-Badrany, YM; Al-Jobory, MM; Mohammad, FK, 2008)	0.55
" Results revealed that dichlorvos was highly toxic to the tested zooplankters, as the LC50 values are noticed in ppb."	( Acute toxicity of organophosphate insecticide, dichlorvos in relation to selected water hardness for the freshwater zooplankters. Gupta, AK; Jain, KL; Verma, GP, 2008)	0.91
" A simplified central composite design (SCCD) was employed to design the concentration distribution of components in binary mixtures to effectively detect the possible toxic interactions between pesticide and IL over the whole concentration range."	( Effect of ionic liquid on the toxicity of pesticide to Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. Liu, HL; Liu, SS; Zhang, J, 2009)	0.35
"Inappropriate use of toxic chemicals is common in developing countries, where it leads to excessive exposure and high risks of unintentional poisoning."	( Cellular and molecular mechanisms of dichlorvos neurotoxicity: cholinergic, nonchlolinergic, cell signaling, gene expression and therapeutic aspects. Binukumar, BK; Gill, KD, 2010)	0.63
" Based on LD50s, thorax and wing application exposures were acutely toxic to both caterpillars and adults."	( Use of butterflies as nontarget insect test species and the acute toxicity and hazard of mosquito control insecticides. Frakes, RA; Hoang, TC; Pryor, RL; Rand, GM, 2011)	0.37
" The significant increase in mRNA levels of the corresponding genes may be considered as a defence mechanism in addition to the antioxidants against oxidative stress, as well as a detoxification mechanism against adverse effects of pesticides."	( Chronic toxicity of pesticides to the mRNA expression levels of metallothioneins and cytochrome P450 1A genes in rainbow trout. Aksakal, E; Atabeyoglu, K; Ceyhun, SB; Erdogan, O; Kirim, B, 2012)	0.38
" Therefore, an analysis of the metabolic profiles can contribute to the understanding of the adverse effects of long-term exposure to low doses of DDVP."	( Metabolomic analysis of the toxic effects of chronic exposure to low-level dichlorvos on rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Feng, Z; Hao, D; Sun, C; Sun, X; Wang, M; Yang, J; Zhao, X, 2011)	0.6
" The sperm counts and sperm motility decreased significantly as the toxic concentration arised."	( [Synergistic effect of dichlorvos, dimethoate and malathion mixture on reproduction toxicity in male mice]. Hu, SK; Yan, H; Yang, AM; Yu, Y; Zhang, JH, 2011)	0.68
"Formulation components of organophosphate insecticidal preparations might affect their toxic action in animals."	( Acute toxicity of veterinary and agricultural formulations of organophosphates dichlorvos and diazinon in chicks. Al-Zubaidy, MH; Hasan, MM; Mohammad, FK; Mousa, YJ, 2011)	0.6
" However, they were five orders of magnitude less toxic than either chlorpyrifos or dichlorvos."	( Toxicity of Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum armatum oil constituents and related compounds to Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Ahn, YJ; Hieu, TT; Kim, SI, 2012)	0.6
" These results suggested that DDVP residues might become toxic chemical contaminant in environment and would threaten aquatic and other organisms."	( Toxicity effect of dichlorvos on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) assessed by micronucleus test, hepatase activity analysis and comet assay. Chang, Z; Chen, J; Du, Q; Li, L; Nan, P; Yan, S, 2015)	0.75
" A comparison of the MERA with the conventional isobologram and the extended toxic unit summation revealed that the MERA characterizes the degree of toxicity interaction in the view of effect, with less limitation by different concentration ratios or effect levels."	( [Characterizing the toxicity interaction of the binary mixture between DMSO and pesticide by the multi-effect residual analysis (MERA)]. Huo, XC; Liu, SS; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
" These toxic effects were also regulated by high-dose quercetin."	( Effect of quercetin against dichlorvos induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hou, Y; Li, S; Qi, L; Sun, C; Wang, H; Xu, W; Zeng, Y; Zhao, X, 2014)	0.7
" These pesticides are highly toxic to humans and their residues in food pose potential threat to human health."	( Combined subchronic toxicity of dichlorvos with malathion or pirimicarb in mice liver and serum: a metabonomic study. Li, L; Li, W; Liang, YJ; Sun, YJ; Wang, HP; Wang, P; Wu, YJ; Xu, MY; Yang, L, 2014)	0.69
"0055 mg cm(-3) ) was the most toxic fumigant and was 15."	( Fumigant toxicity of basil oil compounds and related compounds to Thrips palmi and Orius strigicollis. Ahn, YJ; Kim, JR; Kim, KH; Kim, SI; Lee, SG; Yi, CG, 2015)	0.42
" Based on 24-h LD50s for ingestion, naled was more acutely toxic than permethrin and dichlorvos to caterpillars."	( Acute toxicity and risk assessment of permethrin, naled, and dichlorvos to larval butterflies via ingestion of contaminated foliage. Hoang, TC; Rand, GM, 2015)	0.88
"Because of the widespread use of dichlorvos (DDVP) for domestic applications, evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health."	( Lycopene attenuates dichlorvos-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats. El-Gaaly, GA; El-Saad, AA; Hazani, AA; Ibrahim, MM, 2016)	1.04
"016 mg cm(-3) ) were the most toxic fumigant compounds and were 10."	( Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia oil constituents and spray formulations to insecticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Plutella xylostella and its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Ahn, YJ; Choi, BR; Hieu, TT; Kwon, M; Lee, SH; Yi, CG, 2016)	0.43
"This study raises awareness to the use of toxic pesticides and reiterates the well-known danger of these pesticides."	( Acute Toxicity of the Pesticides, Dichlorvos and Lindane against the African air-breathing catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis, Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes: Clariidae). Ikeogu, GC; Oribhabor, BJ, 2016)	0.71
"The test pesticides were found to be differentially toxic to the test species."	( Acute Toxicity of the Pesticides, Dichlorvos and Lindane against the African air-breathing catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis, Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes: Clariidae). Ikeogu, GC; Oribhabor, BJ, 2016)	0.71
" The result demonstrated that more toxic products may be produced during the biodegradation processes of OPs, and more attention should be put not only on the pesticides themselves, but also on the toxic effects of their degradation products."	( Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides: novel degraders, kinetics, functional genes, and genotoxicity assessment. Chen, Y; Jiang, B; Li, G; Lian, L; Song, Y; Sun, G; Xing, Y; Zhang, D; Zhang, N, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Metrifonate was quickly absorbed with a Cmax of 50."	( Pharmacokinetics of metrifonate and its rearrangement product dichlorvos in whole blood. Abdi, YA; Villén, T, 1991)	0.52
" A significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of O (except for T(max) and t(1/2,lambdaz)) was found when the plasma samples were treated with dichlorvos."	( Studies on the influence of esterase inhibitor to the pharmacokinetic profiles of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in rats using an improved LC/MS/MS method. Chang, Q; Chow, MS; Zuo, Z, 2009)	0.55
" However, pharmacokinetic data have not been obtained."	( Pharmacokinetics of OpdA, an organophosphorus hydrolase, in the African green monkey. Bird, SB; Carville, A; Jackson, CJ; Mansfield, K; Ollis, DL; Scott, C, 2010)	0.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It is suggested that bispiridinium oximes combined with M-cholinolytics can play a corrective role in eliminating the adverse presynaptic effect of a cholinolytic, thus lowering the severity of intoxication."	( [The mechanisms of the antidotal action of bispyridinium oximes when used in combination with M-cholinolytics in dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate poisoning]. Dolgo-Saburov, VB; Filipppov, VN; Kosmachev, AB; Podosinovikova, NP, )	0.13
"Using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaﬂuorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as extraction solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as disperser solvent, the organophosphorus pesticide dichlorvos in water was determined by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography."	( Trace determination of dichlorvos in environmental samples by room temperature ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-phase microextraction combined with HPLC. Tang, Q; Wang, S; Xiang, B, 2012)	0.88
"In this study, two prediction models were developed using visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) for the detection of pesticide residues of avermectin, dichlorvos, and chlorothalonil at different concentration levels on the surface of cauliflowers."	( Non-destructive detection and recognition of pesticide residue levels on cauliflowers using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Wang, K; Xue, J; Yin, J; Zhang, M, 2023)	1.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5 mg/kg of body weight to ponies and horses, and was highly bioavailable (F = 41."	( Pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin in equids. McKellar, QA; Sarasola, P, 1995)	0.29
" The optimal extraction ratio, considering the electrochemical interferences and the effect on enzyme activity and bioavailability of the pesticide, was 1:10."	( An electrochemical bioassay for dichlorvos analysis in durum wheat samples. Compagnone, D; De Gregorio, M; Del Carlo, M; Fournier, D; Marty, JL; Mascini, M; Pepe, A; Visconti, A, 2006)	0.62
" Although CoQ10 is an efficient antioxidant, its poor bioavailability has limited the applications of this useful agent."	( Protective effects of coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles on dichlorvos-induced hepatotoxicity and mitochondrial/lysosomal injury. Ahmadian, E; Azami, A; Eftekhari, A; Eghbal, MA; Johari-Ahar, M, 2018)	0.73
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Ronnel did not have an effect on ChE activity, whereas dichlorvos and cythioate, at all dosage levels, had an inhibitory effect."	( Motor unit irritability in Beagles Before and after exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. Bowen, JM; Hazelwood, JC; Stefan, GE, 1979)	0.51
"A single dose of dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) was administered orally at a dosage of 30 mg/kg to 19 dogs naturally infected with Trichuris vulpis and to 13 dogs experimentally infected with T vulpis."	( Efficacy of dichlorvos administered orally in single and repeated doses for removal of canine whipworms. Gundlach, CE; Olsen, JL; Rollins, LD; Rosenberg, MC, 1977)	0.98
" The drug is shown to display a marked antidotal action when used in a dosage range of 490-10 mg/kg."	( [Experimental data on a new cholinesterase reactivator from the group of thiohydroximic esters]. Kagan, IuS; Kokshareva, NV; Krivenchuk, VE; Sasinovich, LM, )	0.13
"1's have been determined for the 5 organophosphates from an unbalanced design, loaded heavily toward the lower end of the dose-response curve."	( Estimation of the LD1 and extrapolation of the LD0.1 for five organophosphate pesticides. Dooley, KL; Farmer, JH; Haley, TJ; Harmon, JR, 1975)	0.25
" Acute tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) dosing caused lower brain (68%) and higher plasma (90%) ChE inhibition than the other drugs studied and increased levels of brain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (236%), homovanillic acid (HVA) (197%) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (130%)."	( Effect of acute and chronic cholinesterase inhibition on biogenic amines in rat brain. Shillcutt, S; Soininen, H; Unni, L, 1990)	0.28
" An increase in blood glucose and total plasma proteins occurred during the dosing period; these parameters returned to control values in surviving animals within 7 d after the final dose."	( The influence of repeated oral administration of dichlorvos on circulating esterases in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Malik, JK; Raina, R; Srivastava, AK, 1990)	0.53
"The induction of central-peripheral distal axonopathy in hens singly dosed with some organophosphorus (OP) compounds, such as di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBDCVP), requires greater than 80% organophosphorylation and subsequent intramolecular rearrangement ("aging") of a protein [neuropathy target esterase (NTE)] in the axon."	( Progressive deficit of retrograde axonal transport is associated with the pathogenesis of di-n-butyl dichlorvos axonopathy. Lotti, M; Moretto, A; Sabri, MI; Spencer, PS, 1987)	0.49
" Although liver SD is significantly elevated in the single and repeated dosage study, serum SD appears unaffected at these levels of dichlorvos toxicity."	( Serum and liver enzyme changes in rats after short term exposure to dichlorvos. Campbell, PI; Ofurum, OO, 1986)	0.71
"05) in the group of the higher dosed animals when compared with the group of the vehicle control male rats."	( [Studies on dichlorvos (DDVP). II. Testing of dichlorvos for carcinogenic activity in rats]. Horn, KH; Nischan, P; Schramm, T; Teichmann, B, 1988)	0.65
" musculus at any dosage level."	( Dichlorvos toxicity in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Brodie, SJ; DiGiacomo, RF; Giddens, WE; Van Hoosier, GL, 1987)	1.72
" Dichlorvos also inhibited CaCl2 dose-response curves in K+-depolarized strips, as well as depressing both phasic and tonic components of NE-induced contractions."	( Inhibitory effect of dichlorvos on arterial smooth muscle contraction. Campbell, PI; Ebeigbe, AB, 1986)	1.5
" No dependence on dosage was demonstrated."	( [The effect of dichlorvos and metathion on selected enzymes of the amoeba Tetrahymena pyriformis]. Hrusovský, J; Mojzis, J; Nistiar, F, 1985)	0.62
" In the DDVP-treated quail (10 min after dosage of 3 mg/kg), free acetylcholine (ACh), labile-bound ACh, increased significantly and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) decreased to 28% of the value determined in untreated quail."	( Effects of organophosphorus compounds, O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate (DDVP) and O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl 4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (fenitrothion), on brain acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity in Japanese quail. Kobayashi, H; Kudo, M; Matsusaka, N; Yuyama, A, 1983)	0.27
" Suppression occurred after a dosage which produced cholinergic effects but was absent after a lower dosage which did not produce cholinergic signs."	( The effects of organophosphate-induced cholinergic stimulation on the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in inbred mice. Casale, GP; Cohen, SD; DiCapua, RA, 1983)	0.27
" Treatment of 4 the dosage rate of 44 mg/kg was consistently effective (greater than 99% to 100%) for eliminating intestinal infections of S westeri."	( Controlled tests of pastes of dichlorvos and thiabendazole against induced Strongyloides westeri infections in pony foals in 1973-1974. Drudge, JH; Lyons, ET; Tolliver, SC, 1982)	0.55
" The toxic effects were numerically scored in a random blind fashion and the concentrations of individual chemicals to produce a half maximal effect (IC50) in culture were determined from the dose-response curves."	( Cytotoxic responses of selected insecticides in chick ganglia cultures. Obersteiner, EJ; Sharma, RP, 1981)	0.26
" 1 day after dosing inhibition of neurotoxic esterase in peripheral nerve was 79-90%, in spinal cord 70-81% and in brain 89-92%."	( Delayed neurotoxicity caused by a single massive dose of dichlorvos to adult hens. Caroldi, S; Lotti, M, 1981)	0.51
" Oral administration of dichlorvos (60 mg/kg, 3 times the anthelmintic dosage level) 1 hour before levamisole injection lowered blood cholinesterase activity to approximately 60% that of the controls, but did not change the LD50 of levamisole."	( Drug interactions of levamisole with pyrantel tartrate and dichlorvos in pigs. Hsu, WH, 1981)	0.81
" Both compounds reach peak levels in blood within two hours after oral dosing and are detectable for at least eight hours."	( Levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos in plasma and erythrocytes during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil. Bengtsson, E; Holmstedt, B; Nordgren, I; Pettersson, BM, 1981)	0.56
"Transdermal delivery of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) for treatment of dementia would have advantages associated with continuous dosing and enhanced compliance, but feasibility depends on achieving desired levels of central nervous system enzyme inhibition."	( Transdermal patch delivery of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Becker, RE; Moriearty, PL; Thornton, SL, )	0.13
"97 mg kg-1 DDVP, respectively, throughout gestation (GD1-birth) and during suckling via oral dosing to the dams, and then via the same doses by gavage for the rest of their lives."	( Life-time exposure to dichlorvos affects behaviour of mature rats. Dési, I; Nagymajtényi, L; Schulz, H, 1995)	0.61
" 15 min before dichlorvos dosing significantly reduced the development of toxicity and increased 24-h survival rates to 87 and 100% respectively."	( Prevention and treatment of dichlorvos-induced toxicosis in mice by diphenhydramine. Faris, GA; Mohammad, FK, 1997)	0.94
" However, following multiple dosing a statistically significant 3-fold increase in mutant frequency was observed in the liver, while a non-statistically significant increase was observed in the bone marrow."	( Induction of somatic mutations but not methylated DNA adducts in lambdalacZ transgenic mice by dichlorvos. Baan, RA; Kyrtopoulos, SA; Pletsa, V; Steenwinkel, MJ; van Delft, JH, 1999)	0.52
" White Leghorn hens were dosed with the neuropathic compounds di-1-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (dibutyl dichlorvos, DBDCV), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), or acrylamide, and regions from brain were fractionated into axolemmal, synaptosomal, and microsomal preparations."	( Brainstem axolemmal protein phosphorylation in vitro in hens dosed with di-1-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate. Huggins, DJ; Richardson, RJ, 1999)	0.52
" Administration to rats, dosed with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, of pyrantel and/or fenbendazole and pigs, dosed with Ascaris and Oesophagostomum, of dichlorvos (DDVP) loaded onto zeolite Y was more successful in killing adult worms than administration of the pure drug alone."	( The use of zeolites as slow release anthelmintic carriers. Dyer, A; Morgan, S; Wells, P; Williams, C, 2000)	0.51
" Air concentrations of dichlorvos in the mud hut were shown to be definitely lower than those in a plywood hut at the same dosage level."	( DICHLORVOS AS A RESIDUAL FUMIGANT IN MUD, PLYWOOD AND BAMBOO HUTS. MATHIS, W; PEARCE, GW; SCHOOF, HF, 1963)	1.99
" Even the maximum dosage rate tested (one dispenser per 60 cubic feet (1."	( INITIAL FIELD STUDIES IN UPPER VOLTA WITH DICHLORVOS RESIDUAL FUMIGANT AS A MALARIA ERADICATION TECHNIQUE. 3. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION. FUNCKES, AJ; HAYES, WJ; MILLER, S, 1963)	0.51
" The objective of the trial was to see if dichlorvos would interrupt the transmission of malaria under local conditions when used at a dosage of one dispenser per 15 m(3) of living space."	( A LARGE-SCALE FIELD TRIAL WITH DICHLORVOS AS A RESIDUAL FUMIGANT INSECTICIDE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. FOLL, CV; LIETAERT, PE; PANT, CP, 1965)	0.79
" We therefore propose a reconsideration of the individual effective dose or individual tolerance concept postulated by Gaddum 50 years ago for the log-normal dose-response relationship."	( Fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by N-acetylcysteine. Ferrando, MD; Peña, JB; Peña-Llopis, S, 2003)	0.32
" Acute pancreatitis occurred 24 to 72 hours after dosing and was characterized by painless abdominal paralytic ileus and vomiting."	( Acute pancreatitis subsequent to voluntary methomyl and dichlorvos intoxication. Abidi, N; Amamou, M; Blel, Y; Brahmi, N; Kouraichi, N; Thabet, H, 2005)	0.57
"After determining appropriate dosing for comparison, rodents were randomized to receive one of four intraperitoneal antidotes (n = 10 per group): 1) normal saline (0."	( Pretreating rats with parenteral ophthalmic antimuscarinic agents decreases mortality from lethal organophosphate poisoning. Aks, SE; Bryant, SM; Rhee, JW; Thompson, TM, 2007)	0.34
"5% and 100% and increased with an increase in dosage of the insecticide."	( Tolerance of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) to dichlorvos (76% EC) an insecticide used for fly control in the tsunami-hit coastal villages of southern India. Boopathidoss, PS; Gunasekaran, K; Jambulingam, P; Srinivasan, R, 2008)	0.58
" Two out of six chicks died within two hours after treatment with LD50 doses of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos, whereas LD50 dosing with diazinon caused death in three out of six chicks."	( Acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in chicks dosed orally with organophosphate insecticides. Al-Badrany, YM; Al-Jobory, MM; Mohammad, FK, 2008)	0.56
" The dose-response curves (DRCs) between the observed inhibition toxicities and the doses of the pesticides or the mixtures were modeled by using the nonlinear least square fitting."	( Combined photobacterium toxicity of herbicide mixtures containing one insecticide. Liu, HL; Liu, SS; Song, XQ; Zhang, J; Zhang, YH, 2009)	0.35
" In order to evaluate potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to agrochemicals, the reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated in rats dosed with these chemicals individually or as mixtures."	( Decreased sperm motility in rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides. da Silva Franchi, CA; de Camargo, JL; Fernandez, CD; Kempinas, Wde G; Martinez, MF; Perobelli, JE, 2010)	0.56
" The objective of this study was to examine and compare the acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in seven to 14-day-old chicks dosed orally with dichlorvos and diazinon in standard veterinary and agricultural formulations."	( Acute toxicity of veterinary and agricultural formulations of organophosphates dichlorvos and diazinon in chicks. Al-Zubaidy, MH; Hasan, MM; Mohammad, FK; Mousa, YJ, 2011)	0.8
" LysoPE (16:0/0:0) was increased after dosing with DDVP."	( Metabolomic analysis of rat plasma following chronic low-dose exposure to dichlorvos. Du, L; Hao, D; Sun, C; Wang, H; Xu, W; Yang, J; Zhao, X, 2013)	0.62
" In this study, the dose-response of cyanobacteria Microcystis wesenbergii on OPs exposure and the stimulating effect of OPs with and without phosphorus source were investigated."	( Ecotoxicity of two organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos on non-targeting cyanobacteria Microcystis wesenbergii. Cheng, H; Duan, SS; Hong, YG; Sun, KF; Wang, YS; Xu, XR; Zhang, ZW; Zhou, GJ, 2015)	0.66
" Field investigation of the dissipation rate kinetics for triadimefon and malathion during storage indicated that their half-life was twice as high when 5 times the recommended dosage was used."	( Behavior of field-applied triadimefon, malathion, dichlorvos, and their main metabolites during barley storage and beer processing. Bao, Y; Chen, J; Dai, X; Fan, B; Francis, F; Gui, Y; Jian, Q; Kong, Z; Li, M, 2016)	0.69

Item	Process	Frequency
Sanitizer	core-ingredient	1

Role	Description
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor	An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
anthelminthic drug	Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor	An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antifungal agent	An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
alkenyl phosphate
dialkyl phosphate
organophosphate insecticide
organochlorine acaricide	Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an acaricide.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
versicolorin B biosynthesis	4	15

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.3548	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
interleukin 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.9780	0.0473	49.4806	74.9780	AID651758
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.1281	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347395; AID1347398
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
pregnane X receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	28.1838	0.0251	27.9203	501.1870	AID651751
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.2527	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.8705	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.6841	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID588516; AID743035; AID743036; AID743053; AID743063
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.8371	0.0013	18.0743	39.8107	AID926; AID938
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3503	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224893
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.8817	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID588533; AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.7204	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3515	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID588544; AID588546
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.5116	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.8676	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID588526; AID588527; AID743239
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.9647	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.4935	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743080; AID743091
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.2132	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID588536; AID588537; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.5358	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID588541; AID588543
activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.7353	0.1434	27.6121	59.8106	AID1159516
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.8312	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5719	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID588545; AID588547
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.6669	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.1912	4.4668	24.8329	44.6684	AID651749
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.9029	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.6108	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	18.0759	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032; AID624044
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5849	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.2898	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631; AID651743
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.3079	0.0266	22.4482	66.8242	AID651802
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0119	17.9420	71.5630	AID651632
Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0119	12.2221	68.7989	AID651632
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.4685	0.0000	0.9332	10.0000	AID1251506; AID1251507
Acetylcholinesterase	Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1921	0.0436	0.3821	0.9600	AID1251508; AID1251510
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recycling	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast development	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse assembly	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic process	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eye	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damage	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switching	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloading	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalization	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic process	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transport	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
laminin binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
extracellular region	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
basement membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleft	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
side of membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Elg1 RFC-like complex	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID287365	Insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens at 500 mg/L	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Discovery of a new insecticide lead by optimizing a target-diverse scaffold: tetrazolinone derivatives.
AID1251521	Insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae G3 assessed as fumigation mortality at 10 ng/mL after 24 hrs by mason jar assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251517	Drug degradation assessed as evaporative weight loss after 6 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251523	Insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae G3 assessed as mortality at 50 ng/insect after 24 hrs (Rvb = 11 +/- 4%)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1101931	Insecticidal activity against Musca domestica (house fly) after 24 hr	2002	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 50, Issue:20	QSAR evaluation of cyanohydrins' fumigation toxicity to house fly (Musca domestica) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica).
AID1251508	Inhibition of recombinant Anopheles gambiae wild type AChE after 60 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251516	Drug degradation assessed as evaporative weight loss after 1 day	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251518	Drug degradation assessed as evaporative weight loss after 12 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251510	Inhibition of recombinant Anopheles gambiae wild type AChE after 10 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251519	Drug degradation assessed as evaporative weight loss after 28 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1082321	Biotype susceptibility ratio, ratio of LC50 for female adult Bemisia tabaci biotype Q (sweet potato whitefly) to LC50 for female adult Bemisia tabaci biotype B	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 59, Issue:15	Adulticidal activity of phthalides identified in Cnidium officinale rhizome to B- and Q-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci.
AID287366	Insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata at 500 mg/L	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Discovery of a new insecticide lead by optimizing a target-diverse scaffold: tetrazolinone derivatives.
AID1251512	Ratio of IC50 for recombinant Anopheles gambiae AChE G119S mutant to IC50 for recombinant wild type Anopheles gambiae AChE	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251506	Inhibition of recombinant human AChE after 10 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251509	Inhibition of recombinant Anopheles gambiae AChE G119S mutant after 60 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1082322	Adulticidal activity against female Bemisia tabaci biotype Q (sweet potato whitefly) in cucumber leaves assessed as residual contact toxicity treated for 30 secs before adult insect infestation measured after 24 hr by leaf dip bioassay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 59, Issue:15	Adulticidal activity of phthalides identified in Cnidium officinale rhizome to B- and Q-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci.
AID1101932	Insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica after 24 hr	2002	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 50, Issue:20	QSAR evaluation of cyanohydrins' fumigation toxicity to house fly (Musca domestica) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica).
AID1251511	Inhibition of Anopheles gambiae AChE G119S mutant after 10 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1251507	Inhibition of recombinant human AChE after 60 mins by Ellman assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Difluoromethyl ketones: Potent inhibitors of wild type and carbamate-insensitive G119S mutant Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase.
AID1082320	Adulticidal activity against female Bemisia tabaci biotype B (sweet potato whitefly) in cucumber leaves assessed as residual contact toxicity treated for 30 secs before adult insect infestation measured after 24 hr by leaf dip bioassay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 59, Issue:15	Adulticidal activity of phthalides identified in Cnidium officinale rhizome to B- and Q-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	503 (43.78)	18.7374
1990's	127 (11.05)	18.2507
2000's	210 (18.28)	29.6817
2010's	244 (21.24)	24.3611
2020's	65 (5.66)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (0.32%)	5.53%
Reviews	35 (2.79%)	6.00%
Case Studies	52 (4.14%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	1,165 (92.75%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.85	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.03	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
adenine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.84	3	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	1.95	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzene [no description available]	1.95	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
carbamates [no description available]	5.81	30	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.03	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
choline [no description available]	3.06	5	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.89	4	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.31	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.03	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	1.97	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
cytosine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.38	2	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.41	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.05	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.9	4	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	3.05	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	1.96	1	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.1	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.5	2	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.1	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.04	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
naphthalene [no description available]	2.7	3	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	1.95	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.02	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.97	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
parathion [no description available]	11.1	24	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.03	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.76	3	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	1.97	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.03	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.03	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	3.05	1	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
thymine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.35	2	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	7.4	2	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.35	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.42	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.97	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	1.97	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.68	3	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aceclidine aceclidine: was heading 1975-94; use QUINUCLIDINES to search ACECLIDINE 1975-94; cholinomimetic used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma	2.05	1	0	quinuclidines
acephate acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.47	2	0	mixed diacylamine; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.46	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	1.95	1	0
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	1.95	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
theophylline [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.05	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atrazine [no description available]	3.64	9	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	2.43	2	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.39	2	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.01	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2	1	0
busulfan [no description available]	1.95	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	5.17	15	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.96	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	7.35	2	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	6.48	42	1	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.21	1	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
coumaphos Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.	3.47	8	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine compound; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antinematodal drug; avicide; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	5.33	12	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dapsone [no description available]	1.95	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.91	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	6.62	28	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	7.08	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	1.98	1	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	11.15	18	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	5.91	32	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	7.89	4	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
disulfoton Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.	2.36	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	8.17	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	4.71	9	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.96	1	0
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	3.22	6	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	11.4	13	1	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	7.4	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	1.95	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.21	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.17	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.1	1	0	methoxybenzenes
heptachlor Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989). heptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.	2.35	2	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	3.45	2	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	1.95	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	1.95	1	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.35	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.5	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.03	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
tetramisole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.	3.74	3	0	imidazothiazole	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	7.33	60	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	3.21	6	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.35	2	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
memantine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	3.53	8	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	8.13	5	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	1.94	1	0	organochlorine insecticide
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	9.01	14	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.64	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	7.91	4	0	purine nucleoside
naled Naled: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. naled : An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	4.08	15	0	dialkyl phosphate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.95	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.45	2	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.71	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2.36	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.05	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	3.05	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	8.76	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	1.95	1	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	1.97	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phorate Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.	3.48	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	1.96	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	1.98	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	1.95	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
prometone prometone: structure. prometon : A methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the one of the hydrogens of each amino group is substituted by an isopropyl group.	2.05	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methoxy-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	5.15	18	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.1	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	2.87	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
temefos Temefos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. temephos : An organic sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which the hydrogen at the para position of each of the phenyl groups has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group.	2.37	2	0	organic sulfide; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; ectoparasiticide
tempol-h TEMPOL-H: hydroxylamine (protonated, reduced) form of TEMPOL; a N-hydroxyl form of LASTAR A; TEMPOL is paramagnetic radical used in NMR as SPIN LABELS whereas TEMPOL-H is not. 4-hydroxy-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.	2.5	2	0
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.	1.98	1	0	phosphoramide
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	8.2	6	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	7.36	2	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	1.95	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	2.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	piperidines
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	1.96	1	0
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
corticosterone [no description available]	2.67	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.36	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	2.36	2	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
thymidine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.35	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	1.95	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	3.76	3	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	8.25	89	1	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.95	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.35	2	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	4.32	20	0	dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	4.49	4	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.89	4	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.45	2	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.41	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.59	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	9.21	18	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.17	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.64	3	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.95	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.41	2	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.65	3	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	1.95	1	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.99	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	1.95	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2.65	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.36	2	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	5.52	22	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2	1	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	1.96	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.05	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	2.13	1	0	isoindoles
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	1.98	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cytarabine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	1.97	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.86	4	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	7.31	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	3.45	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	7.43	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	1.97	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	3.96	4	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	3.96	2	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
1,1-difluoroethane [no description available]	1.97	1	0
phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.	2.03	1	0	acyl chloride
acetone cyanohydrin acetone cyanohydrin: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.01	1	0	cyanohydrin
trichloroacetaldehyde trichloroacetaldehyde : An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.	2.03	1	0	aldehyde; organochlorine compound	mouse metabolite
chloropicrin chloropicrin: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED (66-85); Index Medicus search CHLOROPICRIN (66-85). chloropicrin : A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.42	2	0	C-nitro compound; one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antifungal agrochemical; fumigant insecticide; nematicide
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.08	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure	2.43	2	0
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	2	1	0
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	3.05	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.48	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	2.05	1	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
2,6-dichlorophenol 2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.1	1	0	dichlorophenol
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.21	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.37	2	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.78	3	0	phenylpropanoid
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.39	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	3.61	9	0	phosphonic ester
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	3.38	2	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	1.95	1	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	1.95	1	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound
ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.	3.96	2	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent.	3.09	5	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	aryl thiol
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.1	1	0	fatty acid ester
2-ethoxyethanol 2-ethoxyethanol : A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.	1.97	1	0	glycol ether; primary alcohol	protic solvent; teratogenic agent
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	3.37	7	0
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.7	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
bromcresol purple Bromcresol Purple: An indicator and reagent. It has been used for several purposes including the determination of serum albumin concentrations. bromocresol purple : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups. A hydrophilic dye that is used as a pH indicator and to measure serum albumin concentrations.	2.01	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
tetradifon tetradifon: acaricide; ovicide on deciduous fruits, citrus, cotton and other crops; structure. tetradifon : A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.	2.06	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; sulfone; trichlorobenzene
pyridafenthion [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; pyridazinone	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
piperonal piperonal: has been used as a pediculicide; structure. piperonal : An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum.	2.03	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; benzodioxoles	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.1	1	0	dichlorophenol
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.89	4	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
folpet folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	3.35	7	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
potassium cyanide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	1.95	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
thiazoles [no description available]	2.39	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.4	2	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
disophenol disophenol: structure	7.36	2	0	4-nitrophenols
paraoxon [no description available]	5.66	25	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	1.94	1	0
bromacil bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	organobromine compound; pyrimidone
haloxon haloxon: structure	2	1	0
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.02	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
mipafox mipafox: structure	1.97	1	0	phosphoramide
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.	1.98	1	0
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride 4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source	1.98	1	0
chlorfenvinphos Chlorfenvinphos: An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.	3.24	6	0	dichlorobenzene; organic phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	1.95	1	0	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.35	2	0
cytisine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.21	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.04	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
echothiophate iodide Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.	2.38	2	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antiglaucoma drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
dithiazanine Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.	1.95	1	0	benzothiazoles; benzothiazolium ion	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.18	16	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
bis(chloromethyl) ether Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether: A substance that is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract and may be carcinogenic.. bis(chloromethyl) ether : An ether that is dimethyl ether in which one of the hydrogens attached to each of the methyl group has replaced by a chlorine.	1.95	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
triethylenephosphoramide Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.	3.04	1	0	phosphoramide
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	1.96	1	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.15	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
1,1-dichloropropene 1,1-dichloropropene: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
allethrins Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.95	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	pyrethroid ester insecticide
glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.42	2	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
nitrosomethylurethane Nitrosomethylurethane: An alkylating carcinogen that produces gastrointestinal and probably lung and nervous system tumors.	1.95	1	0	carboxylic ester
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	7.73	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	2.64	3	0
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	1.97	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	2	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethyl phosphate dimethyl phosphate: excreted in urine after exposure to mevinphos; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.93	4	0	dialkyl phosphate
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
naphthyl acetate naphthyl acetate: do not confuse with naphthaleneacetic acid; acetic acid ester of naphthol	2.05	1	0
demeton-s-methyl [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fonofos Fonofos: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	1.95	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
methylparaoxon [no description available]	2.93	4	0	C-nitro compound
deoxycytidine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
azinphosmethyl oxon azinphosmethyl oxon: azinphosmethyl metabolite	2.15	1	0
diazoxon diazoxon: a pesticide; structure. diazoxon : An organic phosphate that is diethyl hydrogen phosphate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 6-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a metabolite of the pesticide diazinon.	2.41	1	0	organic phosphate; pyrimidines	marine xenobiotic metabolite
semeron [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3,5-triazines
simetryn simetryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylthio group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	herbicide
dimethoxon dimethoxon: pesticide	3.77	10	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. 2-formylpyridine : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group.	2.1	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.25	1	0
chondocurine chondocurine: inhibits quick death of mice treated with bacillus Calmetta Guerin & elicited with lipopolysaccharide; structure given in first source	2	1	0
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.21	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
malaoxon malaoxon: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search MALATHION/AA (72-83). malaoxon : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malaoxon. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide malathion.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio group.	2.49	2	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.6	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.89	3	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	1.95	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
2,4-d amine 2,4-D amine: (1:1) combination of above cpds	2.17	1	0
aminocarb aminocarb: structure. aminocarb : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	carbamate ester; toluenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; molluscicide
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.	2.11	1	0	organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
bromophos bromophos: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHORUS COMPOOUNDS (72) & INSECTICIDES (72) & INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-83); structure	1.96	1	0	organic thiophosphate
molinate molinate : A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.	2	1	0	azepanes; monothiocarbamic ester	agrochemical; antispermatogenic agent; herbicide
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.01	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	7.04	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
phenthoate, (+-)-isomer phenthoate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. phenthoate : An organic thiophosphate that is ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.17	1	0	ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
trichlorometaphos-3 [no description available]	1.97	1	0
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.04	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.95	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
cue-lure [no description available]	2.01	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.	2.06	1	0	phenoxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
bpmc BPMC: structure. fenobucarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.	2	1	0	carbamate ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; insecticide
streptomycin [no description available]	7.64	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
acetylthiocholine Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.	2.76	3	0
raspberry ketone rheosmin: an NSAID that blocks NF-kappaB activation; isolated from Pinus densiflora; structure in first source. raspberry ketone : A ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics.	2.53	2	0	methyl ketone; phenols	androgen antagonist; cosmetic; flavouring agent; fragrance; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorpyrifos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	1.96	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate [no description available]	2.99	4	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.03	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	1.97	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.21	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.15	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	8.3	6	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.5	8	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.13	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.78	3	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	7.46	2	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.04	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.47	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.02	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.64	3	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.03	1	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
propham propham: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. propham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester	herbicide; plant growth retardant
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	7.43	2	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively..	2.02	1	0
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.05	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	8.3	6	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
3-phenoxybenzylalcohol (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol bearing a phenoxy substituent at C-3. It is a metbaolite of the insecticide permethrin.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; benzyl alcohols	marine xenobiotic metabolite
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	3.56	9	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
fluorides [no description available]	2	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
leptophos Leptophos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. leptophos : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-leptophos. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide that shows neurotoxic effect in humans.. O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl phenylphosphonothioate : An organic phosphonate that is phenylphosphonothioic O,O-acid in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy and 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenoxy groups.	2.38	2	0	bromobenzenes; dichlorobenzene; organic phosphonate; phosphonic ester
fenamiphos [no description available]	2.68	3	0	organophosphate insecticide; organophosphate nematicide; phosphoramidate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	5.32	18	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.2	6	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
butonate butonate: structure	8.05	5	0	butyrate ester; fatty acid ester
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	1.95	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
rafoxanide Rafoxanide: Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.	1.95	1	0
pirimicarb pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.1	1	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	7.02	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
isofenphos [no description available]	1.99	1	0	isopropyl ester; organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester; salicylates	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
cambendazole Cambendazole: A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.	2.65	3	0
triforine triforine: structure. triforine : A member of the class of N-alkylpiperazines in which the two amino groups of piperazine are replaced by 1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups. A fungicide active against a range of diseases including powdery mildew, scab and rust.	1.98	1	0	amide fungicide; formamides; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
pirimiphos methyl pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.	2.42	2	0	aminopyrimidine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
clanobutin clanobutin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	7.17	1	0	benzamides
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.03	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	2.57	2	0
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	7.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	7.13	1	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	2	1	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
hexazinone hexazinone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	1,3,5-triazines
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	4.16	16	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.76	10	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.57	2	0
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	2.08	1	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
fenpropathrin, (+-)-isomer fenpropathrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. fenpropathrin : A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyromazine cyromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	mouse metabolite; triazine insecticide
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.03	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
haloxyfop haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	1.96	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
zifrosilone zifrosilone: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; being developed as a possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	7.07	1	0
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	7.02	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
heptenophos heptenophos: structure	2.44	2	0	organochlorine compound; organophosphate insecticide; trialkyl phosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.58	9	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	1.96	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	1.96	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.	2	1	0	methylguanine	mutagen
physostigmine heptyl physostigmine heptyl: RN given for (3aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; possible use in therapy of Alzheimer's disease	2.68	3	0
methyridine methyridine: veterinary anthelmintic & nematocide; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIDINES (75-85)	3.33	1	1	pyridines
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.13	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
resorufin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	phenoxazine
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2.17	1	0
azamethiphos [no description available]	2.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
naftazone naftazone: RN given refers to 1,2-naphthoquinone monosemicarbazone cpd	7.17	1	0
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.13	1	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate [no description available]	3.48	8	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.68	3	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.05	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
isomalathion [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pyridaben [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; pyridazinone	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.05	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.95	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
hydrogen sulfite [no description available]	2.03	1	0	sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
versiconal hemiacetal acetate versiconal hemiacetal acetate: intermediate in biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1; structure in first source. versiconal hemiacetal acetate : An anthrafuran that is 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione substituted at positions 2, 4, 6 and 8 by hydroxy groups and at position 3 by a 2-acetoxyethyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.	2.67	3	0	acetate ester; anthrafuran; lactol; palmitoyl amino acid; polyphenol	metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	1.99	1	0
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	2.05	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
s-methyl glutathione [no description available]	1.97	1	0	methyl sulfide; S-substituted glutathione; zwitterion
m 8218 M 8218: structure given in first source	3	1	0
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	1.95	1	0	organofluorine acaricide
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.93	4	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
versicolorins versicolorins: see also records for versicolorin A & versicolorin C; structure	1.95	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.05	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
amplex red Amplex Red: a component of the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit	2.25	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.47	2	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.72	30	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.22	6	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	1.96	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.06	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.17	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	7.53	2	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
permanganate [no description available]	7.05	1	0	manganese oxoacid
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.88	4	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.04	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	3.05	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.	1.98	1	0	penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.76	3	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.6	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.05	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
lycopene [no description available]	7.13	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	7.69	3	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
bis(2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl) ether bis(2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl) ether: structure	1.95	1	0
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	2	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
4-nitrophenyl valerate 4-nitrophenyl valerate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
trimedlure trimedlure: structure given in first source	2.54	2	0
anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.	2.01	1	0	anethole	flavouring agent
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.56	9	0	isomethyleugenol
butylidenephthalide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	9.15	5	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	10.26	10	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
aflatoxin b aflatoxin B2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. aflatoxin B2 : An aflatoxin having a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	1.96	1	0	aflatoxin
1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
nadp [no description available]	2.68	3	0
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	3.04	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	3.48	2	0
phosphamidon Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	9.57	8	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.05	4	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	7.13	1	0
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.03	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.17	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	3.02	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	1.95	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
pyrantel pamoate Pyrantel Pamoate: Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.	3.23	6	0	organic molecular entity
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	7.13	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.8	3	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
hydramethylnon hydramethylnon: used as fire ant insecticide in southern USA; poorly absorbed by mammals & more than 95% is excreted unchanged in the feces. hydramethylnon : A member of the class of hydrazones that is used as an insecticide for control of ants and cockroaches.	2.01	1	0	hydramethylnon
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	3.03	4	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
tetrachlorvinphos Tetrachlorvinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.47	8	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	3.78	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
andrographolide [no description available]	2	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	1.97	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
mevinphos Mevinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	4.16	5	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.25	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	3.05	1	0	metal atom; pnictogen
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.07	4	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.72	3	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	7.38	2	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
dicrotophos dicrotophos: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.13	1	0	dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	3.82	11	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
crotoxyphos crotoxyphos: structure	2.37	2	0	carboxylic ester
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	1.97	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.66	3	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	1.96	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.86	4	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
thiamethoxam [no description available]	2.06	1	0
diethyxime diethyxime: RN given refers to HCl; structure	2.37	2	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	1.97	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
bromfenvinphos bromfenvinphos: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.96	1	0
octadecylsilane [no description available]	6.96	1	0
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	1.97	1	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.43	2	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
pyrantel tartrate Pyrantel Tartrate: Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock.	6.96	1	0
grandlure grandlure: four components of boll weevil pheromone; cis-2-iso-propenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol; 3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexaneethanol; 3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde (Z) & (E)	2.04	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	3.08	4	0
4-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone 4-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone: RN given refers to parent	1.97	1	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.03	1	0
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	4.45	7	0
phoxim phoxim: structure	7.79	3	0
pymetrozine pymetrozine: an anti-feedant against aphids, whiteflies, and leaf hoppers. pymetrozine : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4.	7.25	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; pyridines	antifeedant; environmental contaminant; TRPV channel modulator; xenobiotic
oxamyl oxamyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	7.05	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.21	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
zeolites [no description available]	2.69	3	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.05	1	0
mitoquinone mitoquinone: has antineoplastic activity	2.06	1	0
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	2.13	1	0	emamectins
doramectin [no description available]	2	1	0	macrolide
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	3.51	8	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.67	3	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	1.96	1	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	2.05	1	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.35	2	0
aflatoxin m1 Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).. aflatoxin M1 : A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; tertiary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mammalian metabolite
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.42	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.96	4	0
picogreen PicoGreen: a DNA-specific dye; has strong affinity for double-stranded DNA and is designed to quantify these molecules in solution; a UV-excitable dye; no further information available 6/96. PicoGreen : A cyanine dye that is 1-phenylquinoline which is substituted at position 2 by a bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino group and at position 4 by a (3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylene group. The counter ion is not stated. A fluorochrome that selectively binds double-stranded DNA and has characteristics similar to that of SYBR-Green I.	2.07	1	0	benzothiazoles; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	1.95	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.11	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	3.2	5	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.11	1	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	1.97	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	1.97	1	0
hygromycin b [no description available]	1.96	1	0
versiconal versiconal: RN not in Chemline 7/83; structure. versiconal : A secondary metabolite that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of afflatoxin. Can exist as both a tricyclic anthraquinone-hydroxyaldehyde form or as a tetracyclic anthrafuran form.. versiconal hemiacetal : An anthrafuran that is 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione substituted at positions 2, 4, 6 and 8 by hydroxy groups and at position 3 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.	7.88	4	0	anthrafuran; lactol; versiconal
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.37	2	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	8.27	6	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.14	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.15	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.38	2	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
pyrethrins [no description available]	13.34	36	1
versiconol acetate versiconol acetate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 2/92. (3S)-versiconol acetate : An optically active form of versiconol acetate having 3S-configuration.. versiconol acetate : An acetate ester that is the O-acetyl derivative of versiconol. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.	2.4	2	0	versiconol acetate
2-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate 2-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate: structure given in first source; isomeric probe	2.05	1	0
imidacloprid (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.	2.06	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.21	6	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.07	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
bacoside a bacoside A: from Bacopa monnieri; structure in first source	3.08	4	0	triterpenoid saponin
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	2.03	1	0
neferine neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	7.01	1	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	2.35	2	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.35	2	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanine [no description available]	8.06	5	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7-methylguanine 7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.	2	1	0	7-methylguanine
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.11	1	0
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	4.03	14	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.02	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.88	4	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.03	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
asoxime chloride [no description available]	2.76	3	0
febantel febantel: structure	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	7.8	3	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
trimedoxime bromide Trimedoxime: Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.	3.1	5	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.59	2	0
eye [no description available]	7.04	1	0
aflatoxin m2 [no description available]	1.96	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.07	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.37	2	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.01	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.1	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.99	13	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.69	2	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	4.71	29	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.47	2	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.5	2	0
MODS [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.6	1	0
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	2.57	2	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	4.34	7	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.25	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	4.93	36	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.31	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.31	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.31	1	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	4.93	36	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.71	10	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.71	10	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.31	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	2.41	1	0
Tungiasis An infestation with the flea TUNGA PENETRANS causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. There is a high incidence of secondary infections such as BACTEREMIA and TETANUS.	2.15	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	7.08	20	1
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	2.17	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.17	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.17	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	8.26	6	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Adipocere [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	4.47	5	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	5.89	9	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	5.89	9	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.21	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.21	1	0
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis A condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, the submucosa and/or subserosa of the INTESTINE. The majority of the cysts are found in the JEJUNUM and the ILEUM.	2.21	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.73	3	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.58	26	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.98	4	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.08	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.08	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	7.91	4	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.08	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	3	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	8	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	4.31	19	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	5.21	12	1
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	4.27	4	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.02	36	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	7.11	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.82	11	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	2.13	1	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	2.48	2	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	3.24	6	0
Acariasis [description not available]	8.66	10	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.05	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.05	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Edema, Laryngeal [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Laryngeal Edema Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.	2.04	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	2.94	4	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.96	4	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	3.84	4	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	2.44	2	0
Apnea, Central [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Central A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.	2.06	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	8.58	9	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.06	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.06	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.42	2	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.73	3	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	2.44	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.07	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	3.09	5	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	3.3	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.73	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5.19	8	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5.19	8	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.38	2	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.38	2	0
Hyperesthesia Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.	2.01	1	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.01	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.01	1	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	2.01	1	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.66	3	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	2.01	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.01	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.63	3	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	5.03	10	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	5.03	10	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	2.02	1	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.43	2	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Trichocephaliasis [description not available]	5.96	10	1
Trichuriasis Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.	10.96	10	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	7.02	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	4.09	16	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	3.66	10	0
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	2.03	1	0
Fasciculation Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations may be visualized as a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294)	2.03	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.03	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.03	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.72	3	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	4.15	17	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	1.96	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.65	3	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	1.96	1	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	1.96	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	1.96	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	1.96	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	1.96	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	2.87	4	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.87	1	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	2.87	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.87	1	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	2.87	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.65	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	3.34	7	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	4.77	5	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	3.29	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.87	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	2.87	1	0
Equine Strongyle Infections [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	2.65	3	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	3.27	2	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	4.66	11	0
Anaplasmataceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE.	1.96	1	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	4.66	11	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	3.56	9	0
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	3.78	4	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	3.05	5	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.65	3	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	1.98	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	1.98	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	1.98	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.66	3	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	1.98	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	2.91	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Insect Bites [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	6.99	1	0
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	1.99	1	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	1.99	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	2	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	2	1	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	8.21	6	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	3.21	6	0
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	2.88	4	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2	1	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2	1	0
Enterobiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.	2	1	0
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	2.65	3	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.87	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.35	2	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.78	4	0
Oesophagostomiasis Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.	3.05	5	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	1.95	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	4.12	6	0
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	3.56	3	0
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.	1.95	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.35	2	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	7.64	3	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Aspiculariasis [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	3.78	4	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	3.78	4	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	2.86	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	2.86	1	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	2.86	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	1.95	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	1.95	1	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	1.95	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	1.95	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	6.95	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	1.95	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	4.25	4	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	3.27	2	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	3.05	5	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	1.95	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	1.97	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	1.97	1	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.37	2	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	1.97	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.38	2	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	1.97	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	1.97	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	8.79	2	1
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	1.97	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	1.97	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.97	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.97	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.36	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.97	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.36	2	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.97	1	0
Bejel [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	1.97	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	1.97	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.97	1	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	1.96	1	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	1.96	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	1.96	1	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	2.86	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	2.86	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	2.86	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	2.86	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.86	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	1.95	1	0
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	2.35	2	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	2.35	2	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1.95	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.35	2	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	1.95	1	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	2.86	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.86	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.86	1	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	1.94	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	1.94	1	0
Black Death [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	1.95	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	1.95	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	1.94	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	1.94	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Deficiency, Yang [description not available]	3.43	1	1

dichlorvos

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (297)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Items)

Roles (5)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (52)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (165)

Molecular Functions (53)

Ceullar Components (35)

Bioassays (55)

Research

Studies (1,149)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 46.98

Study Types