Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 166744 |
| MeSH ID | M0024893 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| technetate(1-)-99tc, (n-(2-(bis((carboxy-kappao)methyl)amino-kappan)ethyl)-n-(2-(((carboxy-kappao)methyl)(carboxymethyl)amino-kappan)ethyl)glycinato(5-)-kappan,kappao)- |
| technetium-99mtc-dtpa |
| (n-(2-(bis((carboxy-kappao)methyl)amino-kappan)ethyl)-n-(2-(((carboxy-kappao)methyl)(carboxymethyl)amino-kappan)ethyl)glycinato(5-)-kappan,kappao)technetate(1-)-99tc |
| technetium-99mtc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid |
| technetium tc 99m pentetate |
| 12775-34-7 |
| technetium tc-99m pentetic acid |
| 99mtc-dtpa |
| 38ihl67r32 , |
| unii-38ihl67r32 |
| DTXSID101026662 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " To determine whether an in vivo treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) can prevent the toxic effects of CsA, three groups of rats were studied." | ( Beneficial effects of pentoxifylline on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Boz, A; Kaputlu, I; Karayalçin, B; Sadan, G, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " These results suggest that one VCM is a safe procedure." | ( The safety of one, or repeated, vital capacity maneuvers during general anesthesia. Hedenstierna, G; Högman, M; Lemoine, R; Magnusson, L; Tenling, A; Tydén, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "This study demonstrates in an animal model that inflating the lung once or repeatedly to the vital capacity is a safe procedure." | ( The safety of one, or repeated, vital capacity maneuvers during general anesthesia. Hedenstierna, G; Högman, M; Lemoine, R; Magnusson, L; Tenling, A; Tydén, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " As chemotherapeutic drugs present important toxic effects, we studied the vincristine effect in the mass of organs and are trying to develop a model to evaluate the action of chemotherapeutic drug using the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals." | ( Model to evaluate the toxic effect of drugs: vincristine effect in the mass of organs and in the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in mice. Bernardo-Filho, M; Freitas, RS; Gomes, ML; Mattos, DM, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that is limited in clinical use by its adverse effects, including potentially life threatening amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT)." | ( Value of technetium-99m diethyltriamine pentaaceticacid radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy for the stage of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Altaner, S; Altun, A; Berkada, S; Durmus-Altun, G; Ozbay, G; Sami Salihoglu, Y, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Literature searches were conducted via Medline/PubMed using the following terms: Tc-99m DTPA/pentetate, CSF, cisternography, intrathecal, and adverse reactions." | ( Special safety considerations in preparation of technetium Tc-99m DTPA for cerebrospinal fluid-related imaging procedures. Ponto, JA, ) | 0.13 |
| "Articles considered appropriate for review included all human research studies, reviews, case reports, abstracts, and letters published in English on Tc-99m DTPA use in CSF-related imaging procedures, especially with regard to safety or adverse reactions." | ( Special safety considerations in preparation of technetium Tc-99m DTPA for cerebrospinal fluid-related imaging procedures. Ponto, JA, ) | 0.13 |
| "All information related to safety precautions and adverse reactions associated with Tc-99m DTPA injected intrathecally or otherwise used for CSF-related imaging procedures were considered." | ( Special safety considerations in preparation of technetium Tc-99m DTPA for cerebrospinal fluid-related imaging procedures. Ponto, JA, ) | 0.13 |
| " In addition, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3." | ( Accurate assessment of long-term nephrotoxicity after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (177)Lu-octreotate. Ahmadzadehfar, H; Biersack, HJ; Ezziddin, K; Ezziddin, S; Haslerud, T; Nagarajah, J; Pape, UF; Reichman, K; Sabet, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Twenty-four-hour excretion reflects the amount of aerosol cleared by absorption, while two-hour excretion is a quantitative measure of the aerosol absorption rate from the epithelium into blood." | ( Urine excretion of inhaled technetium-99m-DTPA: an alternative method to assess lung epithelial transport. Klech, H; Köhn, H; König, B; Mostbeck, A; Pohl, W, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "During the last few years a number of factors affecting the measurement of the rate of absorption of 99mTc-DTPA across the alveolar-capillary membrane have been identified." | ( Evaluation of lung epithelial permeability. Dolovich, M; Jordana, M; Newhouse, MI, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "The rate of absorption across the alveolar-capillary membrane of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA and the concentration of albumin in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were characterized in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis." | ( Solute movement across the alveolar-capillary membrane after intratracheally administered bleomycin in rats. Befus, D; Dolovich, M; Gauldie, J; Irving, LB; Jordana, M; Newhouse, MT; Tomioka, M, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Several acute and chronic conditions that alter the integrity of the pulmonary epithelium increased the rate of absorption or clearance into the circulation of small solutes deposited in the alveoli." | ( Lung clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in patients with acute lung injury and pulmonary edema. Coates, G; Dolovich, M; O'Brodovich, H, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " These data also agree with the view that the epithelial lining determines the rate of absorption and is responsible for the valve-like function that allows lumenal entry of extravasated bulk plasma without any increased inward perviousness." | ( Effects of hydrogen peroxide on the guinea-pig tracheobronchial mucosa in vivo. Erjefält, I; Erjefält, JS; Greiff, L; Persson, CG; Wollmer, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The aims of the study were to evaluate the bioavailability of didanosine from the encapsulated enteric coated beads (1 x 200 mg; enteric beads) and enteric coated mini-tablets (4 x 50 mg; enteric tablet) formulations relative to the chewable/dispersible buffered tablets (2 x 100 mg; buffered tablet), and to study their rate of gastrointestinal transit." | ( Pharmacokinetics and gamma scintigraphy evaluation of two enteric coated formulations of didanosine in healthy volunteers. Damle, B; Doll, W; Knupp, C; Ullah, I; Wiley, G, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "7 h), and increased bioavailability (+13%; +44%) and dose-adjusted Cmax (+54%; +103%)." | ( Effects of sodium taurocholate on the absorption of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA. Bengtsson, T; Bondesson, E; Nilsson, LE; Wollmer, P, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "To characterize the absorption kinetics and bioavailability of an inhaled hydrophilic solute deposited at various sites within the airways." | ( Site of deposition and absorption of an inhaled hydrophilic solute. Bengtsson, T; Bondesson, E; Nilsson, LE; Wollmer, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "3 h) and the bioavailability was 70% (mean ratio (Pari : UltraVent): 101% with 95% CI 90%, 115%)." | ( Site of deposition and absorption of an inhaled hydrophilic solute. Bengtsson, T; Bondesson, E; Nilsson, LE; Wollmer, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Despite different intrapulmonary radioaerosol deposition patterns, as verified by gamma scintigraphy, no differences in (99m)Tc-DTPA absorption kinetics or bioavailability were detected." | ( Site of deposition and absorption of an inhaled hydrophilic solute. Bengtsson, T; Bondesson, E; Nilsson, LE; Wollmer, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "This study evaluated the relative bioavailability of levetiracetam in various regions of the GI tract using a noninvasive, remote-controlled capsule device providing targeted drug delivery, relative to that after oral administration, and explored the drug's absorption characteristics in healthy volunteers." | ( Assessment of levetiracetam bioavailability from targeted sites in the human intestine using remotely activated capsules and gamma scintigraphy: Open-label, single-dose, randomized, four-way crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Connor, A; Otoul, C; Sargentini-Maier, ML; Stockis, A; Wilding, I; Wray, H, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Values for bioavailability in the proximal small bowel, distal small bowel, and ascending colon relative to the tablet were 98." | ( Assessment of levetiracetam bioavailability from targeted sites in the human intestine using remotely activated capsules and gamma scintigraphy: Open-label, single-dose, randomized, four-way crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Connor, A; Otoul, C; Sargentini-Maier, ML; Stockis, A; Wilding, I; Wray, H, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "After delivery in the proximal small bowel, distal small bowel, or ascending colon, the systemic bioavailability of levetiracetam (AUC), but not C(max) and T(max), appeared comparable to that after oral administration and thus appeared site independent in this small group of healthy fasting men." | ( Assessment of levetiracetam bioavailability from targeted sites in the human intestine using remotely activated capsules and gamma scintigraphy: Open-label, single-dose, randomized, four-way crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Connor, A; Otoul, C; Sargentini-Maier, ML; Stockis, A; Wilding, I; Wray, H, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Then the morphologic volume of liver parenchyma (MLV), functional liver volume (FLV) and the hepatic cell absorption rate constant (GSA-K) were calculated." | ( [Assessment of hepatic reserve function of cirrhosis liver using dynamic SPECT (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy]. Cai, SW; Chen, YM; Dong, JH; Duan, WD; Li, C; Liu, HS; Liu, ZW; Shao, MZ; Tian, JH; Xiang, CH; Zhang, JM, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " A set of parameters reflecting liver function including morphological liver volume, functional liver volume, functional liver density (FLD), and the drug absorption rate constant for hepatic cells (GSA-K) was calculated." | ( Three-Dimensional Quantitative Evaluation of the Segmental Functional Reserve in the Cirrhotic Liver Using Multi-Modality Imaging. Chen, Y; Dong, J; Duan, W; Gong, L; Huang, X; Li, A; Li, C; Shao, M; Xiang, C; Zhang, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " However, the polyphenol due to its rapid and extensive metabolism exhibits low bioavailability in vivo." | ( Physiological uptake and retention of radiolabeled resveratrol loaded gold nanoparticles ( Chadha, VD; Dhawan, DK; Kamal, R, 2018) | 0.48 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The timing of diuretic administration, state of hydration, and furosemide dosage appear to be the key methodologic variables." | ( Diuretic renography: concepts and controversies. Sarkar, SD, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " However, owing to the inherent inaccuracy in any creatinine-based method, if the prediction is within 20% of the value at which dose reduction of cisplatin is considered, an isotopically determined GFR should be carried out to optimise dosage adjustments." | ( Measurement of glomerular function during cisplatin therapy. Fleming, JS; Juer, L; Waller, DG, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "05) greater at all dosage levels with the Turret." | ( Delivery of albuterol and ipratropium bromide from two nebulizer systems in chronic stable asthma. Efficacy and pulmonary deposition. Bloom, R; Clarke, SW; Johnson, MA; Newman, SP; Talaee, N, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "The dosage form (drop or spray) and site of administration (dorsal or ventral surface of the nostril) profoundly affect the distribution and clearance of a gamma-emitting 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) solution in dogs." | ( Nasal delivery of a vasopressin antagonist in dogs. Kinter, LB; Liversidge, GG; Sternson, WL; Wilson, CG, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "We investigated the dose-response effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and increased lung volume on the pulmonary clearance rate of aerosolized technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA)." | ( Relationship of end-expiratory pressure, lung volume, and 99mTc-DTPA clearance. Cooper, JA; Line, BR; Malik, AB; van der Zee, H, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " This is the first demonstration of a dose-response relationship between carboxyhaemoglobin and an increased permeability of the lungs in man and provides a technique for identifying the roles of carbon monoxide and other cigarette smoke constituents in causing increased pulmonary epithelial permeability." | ( Carboxyhaemoglobin and pulmonary epithelial permeability in man. Jones, JG; Minty, BD; Royston, D; Royston, JP, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Each subject was examined in basal conditions and after dosing with carprofen and ASA in random sequence with a 10-day washout period between tests." | ( Antiinflammatory drugs and gastric emptying. A comparison between acetylsalicylic acid and carprofen. Calbiani, B; Cisternino, M; Colombi-Zinelli, L; Papa, N; Rinetti, M; Ugolotti, G, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Lowering the dosage of CyA permitted the continuation of therapy, and all 9 patients are alive after 8 to 14 months." | ( 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran findings in liver transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin A. Iwatsuki, S; Klingensmith, WC; Klintmalm, GB; Schröter, GP; Starzl, TE, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The half-time clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was comparable in both patient groups and was not related to the total administered radioiodine dosage or to the radiation dose delivered to the lungs." | ( Effect of radioiodine therapy on pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane integrity. Baghel, NS; Rajashekharrao, B; Samuel, AM; Unnikrishnan, TP, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Thirty minutes after dosing each subject was given 375 ml of 99mTc-DTPA (diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid) labelled Clinifeed-ISO." | ( Ranitidine bismuth citrate and ranitidine do not affect gastric emptying of a radio-labelled liquid meal. Bedding, AW; Farr, SJ; Forster, ER; Parikh, R; Smith, JT; Sweetland, J, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " This finding suggests that adjustments in drug dosage may not be required, using various intraosseous locations as an alternative to peripheral intravenous drug therapy." | ( Pharmacokinetics from multiple intraosseous and peripheral intravenous site injections in normovolemic and hypovolemic pigs. Gravelle, D; Kissoon, N; Mattar, A; Morrissey, G; Rieder, MJ; Warren, DW, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "This study was designed to compare by scintigraphy the gastric retention of a new dosage form of sucralfate as gel (Gastrogel) with that of sucralfate suspension in 25 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred for routine endoscopy." | ( Gastric retention of sucralfate gel and suspension in upper gastrointestinal diseases. Barbara, L; Brunetti, G; Colombo, P; Corbelli, C; Levorato, M; Menegatti, M; Miglioli, M; Mulè, P; Vaira, D, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "The transit of pharmaceutical dosage forms through the colon has been shown to be highly variable." | ( Characterization of colonic transit of nondisintegrating tablets in healthy subjects. Davis, SS; Price, JM; Wilding, IR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Because renal excretion is the major variable determining the pharmacokinetics of this drug, a dosing formula based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been proposed and is being increasingly used in carboplatin dosing." | ( Carboplatin dosing based on measurement of renal function--experience at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. Bishop, JF; Hicks, R; Johnston, VK; Millward, MJ; Rischin, D; Stokes, KH; Toner, GC; Webster, LK, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "To report the experience at a single major oncology centre of carboplatin dosing based on GFR, and comparisons of different methods of measuring renal function for use in this dosing method." | ( Carboplatin dosing based on measurement of renal function--experience at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. Bishop, JF; Hicks, R; Johnston, VK; Millward, MJ; Rischin, D; Stokes, KH; Toner, GC; Webster, LK, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "Carboplatin dosing using Cr51EDTA clearance to measure GFR was accurate (< 25% difference between planned and measured AUC) in 87% of samples." | ( Carboplatin dosing based on measurement of renal function--experience at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. Bishop, JF; Hicks, R; Johnston, VK; Millward, MJ; Rischin, D; Stokes, KH; Toner, GC; Webster, LK, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "Carboplatin dosing using a pharmacological formula based on GFR produces accurate targeting of the carboplatin AUC." | ( Carboplatin dosing based on measurement of renal function--experience at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. Bishop, JF; Hicks, R; Johnston, VK; Millward, MJ; Rischin, D; Stokes, KH; Toner, GC; Webster, LK, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The cumulative dosage and duration of exposure were significantly associated with the reduction of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC." | ( Lung injury related to consuming Sauropus androgynus vegetable. Chiang, CD; Deng, JF; Hsu, WH; Hung, DZ; Kao, CH; King, SL; Wu, CL, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The chelate can be incorporated into the formulation as a non-radioactive excipient and the intact dosage form can then be neutron activated to produce 153Sm." | ( Evaluation of 153Sm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for radiolabelling of pharmaceutical dosage forms by neutron activation. Awang, MB; Davis, SS; Hardy, JG; Parry, SJ; Pimm, MV; Wilding, IR, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Meticulous attention to proper patient preparation, radiopharmaceutical selection, furosemide dosage and administration, and image interpretation and an awareness of potential pitfalls are essential for accurate diagnosis." | ( Provocative imaging. Diuretic renography. Roarke, MC; Sandler, CM, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The carbon deposited uniformly along the lid margin in the case of the PFD vehicle, whereas it agglomerated following dosing in the saline vehicle and was ejected from the eye." | ( Dry powder dosing in liquid vehicles: ocular tolerance and scintigraphic evaluation of a perfluorocarbon suspension. Frier, M; Meadows, D; Musson, R; Olejnik, O; Washington, N; Wilson, CG; Zhu, Y, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The AERx system demonstrated efficient and reproducible dosing characteristics in vivo." | ( Comparison of in vitro and in vivo efficiencies of a novel unit-dose liquid aerosol generator and a pressurized metered dose inhaler. Farr, SJ; Lloyd, P; Okikawa, JK; Rowe, AM; Rubsamen, RM; Schuster, JA; Taylor, G; Warren, SJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Carboplatin is frequently dosed to achieve a desired area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by using the Calvert or Chatelut equations to estimate carboplatin clearance." | ( Measured versus estimated glomerular filtration rate in the Calvert equation: influence on carboplatin dosing. Donahue, A; Faucette, S; Gillenwater, HH; Kowalski, RJ; Lindley, C; McCune, JS; Socinski, MA, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In this study, the 3-step strategy was optimized by selecting the most suitable radiolabeled hapten and tuning the dosing schedule." | ( A 3-step pretargeting strategy to image infection. Boerman, OC; Corstens, FH; Oyen, WJ; van Eerd, J, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Using the bivalent chelate, the optimal dosing scheme was determined with respect to the DTIn-1 dose (2 nmol per rat), the blocking agent dose (1 nmol per rat), and radiolabeled chelate dose (40 pmol per rat)." | ( A 3-step pretargeting strategy to image infection. Boerman, OC; Corstens, FH; Oyen, WJ; van Eerd, J, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "The evaluation of renal function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is important for prognosis, dosage assessment of potentially nephrotoxic drugs and recognition of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to decide paracentesis and diuretic therapy." | ( Diagnostic value of serum cystatin C for evaluation of hepatorenal syndrome. Akbay, A; Bozbaş, A; Demirtaş, S; Karaca, L; Yavuz, Y, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "To objectively evaluate the performance of new vaginal dosage forms, it is important to determine their time of residence and their distribution." | ( Retention and distribution of two 99mTc-DTPA labelled vaginal dosage forms. Chatterton, BE; Hunt, B; Kovacs, JC; Penglis, S; Presnell, B, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Radioactive tracer methods are useful in assessing and comparing vaginal dosage forms." | ( Retention and distribution of two 99mTc-DTPA labelled vaginal dosage forms. Chatterton, BE; Hunt, B; Kovacs, JC; Penglis, S; Presnell, B, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "In cats, an individualized prescription strategy for carboplatin administration based on a targeted AUC and determination of GFR might more uniformly predict myelosuppression than that predicted by conventional dosing based on body surface area." | ( Effect of glomerular filtration rate on clearance and myelotoxicity of carboplatin in cats with tumors. Bailey, DB; Dykes, NL; Erb, HN; Hoopes, PJ; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " No significant change was obtained in GFR after a 28-day period of dosing with tepoxalin and benazepril together." | ( Effect of tepoxalin on renal function in healthy dogs receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Debailleul, M; Desfontis, JC; Fusellier, M; Gautier, F; Gogny, M; Madec, S; Marescaux, L, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " This method, which is very simple and accurate, seems suitable to establish the adequate dosage of drugs cleared by the kidneys." | ( Prediction of glomerular filtration rate from body cell mass and plasma creatinine. Ardini, M; Caprio, F; Consani, C; Donadio, C; Grassi, G; Lucchesi, A, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Once or twice daily dosing of 10 mg CsA A PARI would result in a sufficient peripheral lung deposition of approximately 14 and 28 mg/week, respectively." | ( Lung deposition of a liposomal cyclosporine A inhalation solution in patients after lung transplantation. Baumgartner, R; Behr, J; Brand, P; Herpich, C; Keller, M; Leuchte, H; Menges, G; Neurohr, C; Seitz, J; Sommerer, K; Tillmanns, S; Zimmermann, G, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " With the combination of high lung deposition, almost no loss of aerosol during exhalation, and short nebulization time the I-neb AAD System with the TIM breathing pattern should be of special value to patients who require multiple daily dosing of aerosolized medication, are using drugs that should not be wasted into the room air, or would benefit from a more efficient delivery system." | ( Mode of breathing-tidal or slow and deep-through the I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) system affects lung deposition of (99m)Tc-DTPA. Coughlin, S; Nikander, K; Prince, I; Taylor, G; Warren, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " We found that PLL produced a leftward shift in the dose-response curve following nebulized but not intravenous methacholine challenge." | ( The effects of inhaled house dust mite on airway barrier function and sensitivity to inhaled methacholine in mice. Ellis, R; Inman, MD; Labiris, NR; Turi, GJ; Wattie, JN, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Carboplatin dosing depends on accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation." | ( Very high GFR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: prevalence, carboplatin dosing patterns and chemotherapy toxicity. Bishnoi, S; Jones, DN; Karapetis, C; Kichenadasse, G; Koczwara, B; Lam, E; Roy, AC; Slavotinek, JP, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Carboplatin dosing patterns in this group of patients vary among treating oncologists and a standardized approach is needed." | ( Very high GFR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: prevalence, carboplatin dosing patterns and chemotherapy toxicity. Bishnoi, S; Jones, DN; Karapetis, C; Kichenadasse, G; Koczwara, B; Lam, E; Roy, AC; Slavotinek, JP, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The in vivo pharmacokinetic study of controlled release pastille formulation showed significant decrease in C(max) with increase in t(max), which indicates that the effect of dosage form would last for longer duration." | ( Evaluation of in vivo behavior of controlled and pulsatile release pastilles using pharmacokinetic and γ-scintigraphic techniques. Chakraborty, S; Mishra, B; Shukla, D, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "This study opens a new alternative to the conventional tablet or capsule dosage form for the development of both immediate and modified release drug delivery systems." | ( Evaluation of in vivo behavior of controlled and pulsatile release pastilles using pharmacokinetic and γ-scintigraphic techniques. Chakraborty, S; Mishra, B; Shukla, D, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "5-3 mm beads were stuck to the esophagus (up to 1 hour), this was a limitation of dosing beads of this size because they cannot be suspended in a liquid media for oral gavage purposes." | ( Size discrimination in rat and mouse gastric emptying. Goins, BA; Jang, SF; McConville, JT; Phillips, WT; Rice-Ficht, A; Santoyo, C, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The cut-off emptying size in ICR mice could not be determined, due to the limitation of current available dosing methods." | ( Size discrimination in rat and mouse gastric emptying. Goins, BA; Jang, SF; McConville, JT; Phillips, WT; Rice-Ficht, A; Santoyo, C, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Blood samples were collected over a 24-hr time period after aerosol dosing and analyzed for CsA levels." | ( Lung deposition and pharmacokinetics of nebulized cyclosporine in lung transplant patients. Corcoran, TE; Dilly, S; Johnson, BA; Niven, R; Verret, W, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " There are significant individual differences between mGFR DTPA and all eGFRs, impacting detection rate of CKD and potential drug dosage adjustment." | ( Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Oncology Patients before Cisplatin Chemotherapy. Bernatek, J; Salek, T; Vesely, P, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20." | ( Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. Aung, WS; Bakshi, RP; Coleman, JS; Fuchs, E; Hendrix, CW; Marzinke, MA; Robinson, J; Spiegel, HML, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Monitoring renal function is critical in treating pediatric patients, especially when dosing nephrotoxic agents." | ( Derivation of new equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in pediatric oncology patients. Brennan, RC; Cross, SJ; Daryani, VM; Gregornik, D; Millisor, VE; Molinelli, A; Pauley, JL; Roberts, JK; Stewart, CF; Sun, Y; Tang, L; Ward, D, 2017) | 0.46 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 986 (31.59) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1096 (35.12) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 605 (19.38) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 378 (12.11) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 56 (1.79) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (13.83) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 275 (8.24%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 107 (3.21%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 601 (18.02%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 11 (0.33%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 2,342 (70.20%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary Functional Imaging for Radiation Treatment Planning [NCT01982123] | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-17 | Completed | |||
| A Ph 3, Prospective, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of Lymphoseek®-Identified Sentinel Lymph Nodes (SLNs) Relative to the Path Status of Non SLN in an Elective Neck Dissection in Cutaneous Head and Neck and Intraoral Squamous Cell Carcinoma [NCT00911326] | Phase 3 | 101 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-05-31 | Terminated(stopped due to The trial was terminated early based on an interim review by the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee for positive efficacy outcome and no safety concerns.) | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
The FNR is calculated as a percentage from the ratio of false negatives to the sum of true positives plus false negatives. The FNR point estimate was the observed rate and was made on a per-patient basis relative to patients with pathology-positive nodes. (NCT00911326)
Timeframe: Surgery after injection of Lymphoseek
| Intervention | % of pathology-positive participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intent-to-treat (ITT) | 2.56 |
The rate of the subjects for whom Lymphoseek identified at least 1 sentinel lymph node. The detection rate point estimate was the observed rate and was made on a per-patient basis relative to all patients in the intent-to-treat population. (NCT00911326)
Timeframe: Surgery after injection of Lymphoseek
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intent-to-treat (ITT) | 97.6 |
The NPV is calculated as a percentage from the ratio of true negatives to the sum of true negatives plus false negatives. The NPV point estimate was the observed rate and was made on a per-patient basis relative to patients predicted to be pathology-negative. (NCT00911326)
Timeframe: Surgery after injection of Lymphoseek
| Intervention | % of participants predicted negative (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intent-to-treat (ITT) | 97.8 |
The overall accuracy is calculated as a percentage from the ratio of (true positives + true negatives) / (true positives + false negatives + true negatives). The overall accuracy point estimate was the observed rate and was made on a per-patient basis relative to all patients in the intent-to-treat population. (NCT00911326)
Timeframe: Surgery after injection of Lymphoseek
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Intent-to-treat (ITT) | 98.8 |
For lung tissue inside the radiation field, changes in tracer uptake at the global lung, regional lung, and lung image voxel scales (compared to baseline) will be plotted against the radiation dose at the same scales to generate multiscale radiation dose response curves. These curves will be fit to linear and sigmoid dose-response functions. Lung regions in the upper quartile and lower quartile of ventilation and perfusion will also be separated out, and separate radiation dose response curves per region will be generated. We report here the dose at which there is a 50% decrease in lung perfusion based on the above analysis. (NCT01982123)
Timeframe: Baseline to up to 3 months post-treatment
| Intervention | Gy (Median) |
|---|---|
| SPECT/CT Mid-& Post-RT | 21 |
Perfusion and ventilation on SPECT/CT pre-radiation, mid-radiation, and post-radiation were compared to assess stability over time. Coefficient of determination (R²) was generated based on voxel-based comparisons between scans (R²=1 means perfect reproducibility in perfusion and ventilation between scans), based on regions outside the radiation field. (NCT01982123)
Timeframe: Baseline to up to 3 months post-treatment
| Intervention | correlation coefficient (Number) |
|---|---|
| SPECT/CT Mid-& Post-RT | 0.95 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 4.32 | 6 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl. | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin |
| creatine [no description available] | 4.63 | 6 | 1 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | ||
| histamine [no description available] | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyridoxal [no description available] | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 6.32 | 14 | 1 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols | human metabolite |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 4.64 | 6 | 1 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 11.71 | 8 | 3 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 4.49 | 4 | 0 | acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 5.2 | 6 | 2 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 4.27 | 4 | 1 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 5.95 | 4 | 2 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
| chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | benzamides | |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 19.48 | 1,094 | 24 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 3.09 | 1 | 0 | dithiol; primary alcohol | chelator |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| etanidazole Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells. | 2 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent |
| etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. | 4.27 | 4 | 1 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator |
| fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 9.92 | 79 | 3 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 3.64 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid | EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite |
| glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| halothane [no description available] | 4.29 | 4 | 1 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 7.5 | 4 | 4 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 4.28 | 4 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| iodoacetamide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123. | 4.57 | 8 | 0 | ||
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 7.7 | 23 | 3 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iomeprol iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts. | 8.24 | 11 | 2 | organic molecular entity | |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 4.31 | 4 | 1 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 2 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 5.92 | 5 | 2 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| deoxyepinephrine Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | catecholamine | |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 4.32 | 2 | 2 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
| pamidronate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phosphonoacetic acid | |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | benzimidazoles; pyridazinone | cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
| risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | pyridines | |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 4.04 | 3 | 1 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs. | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 5.39 | 4 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 5.02 | 3 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 11.69 | 47 | 6 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound | phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine . | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 4.5 | 5 | 1 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 5.03 | 3 | 3 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| mannitol [no description available] | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound | bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound | antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative |
| nonoxynol Nonoxynol: Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethylenetriamine diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 4.21 | 2 | 1 | polyazaalkane; triamine | |
| sulfan blue sulfan blue: widely used to visualize lymph vessels for lymphography; structure | 5.82 | 2 | 2 | organic molecular entity | |
| diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid anion | radioopaque medium |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| iodohippuric acid Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine. | 12.38 | 151 | 2 | benzamides; N-acylglycine; organoiodine compound | |
| copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiazoles [no description available] | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles | antitubercular agent |
| tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol | bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin |
| docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms. | 2 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 8.01 | 4 | 2 | ||
| isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | organic molecular entity | |
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | selenoamino acid; selenomethionines | plant metabolite |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 3.87 | 3 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 17.82 | 729 | 16 | manganese group element atom | |
| thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 5.78 | 2 | 2 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source. | 3.98 | 5 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate | radioopaque medium |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| cesium iodide cesium iodide: X-ray image intensifier | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| thallium chloride thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; thallium molecular entity | |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 4.76 | 7 | 1 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| chlormerodrin Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organomercury compound; ureas | diagnostic agent; diuretic |
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rhamnose [no description available] | 5.39 | 2 | 0 | L-rhamnose | |
| technetium 99m Technegas: ultrafine ventilatory agent; produced from technetium pertechnetate and graphite in an argon environment | 4.65 | 6 | 1 | technetium atom | |
| cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | organic sodium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| iodine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | ||
| glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | glucaric acid | antineoplastic agent |
| gallium citrate [no description available] | 4.9 | 2 | 1 | ||
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 4.31 | 4 | 1 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| etoposide [no description available] | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages. | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 10.7 | 93 | 3 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| iso-sulfan blue iso-sulfan blue: 2,5-disulfobenzylidene-isomer of sulfan blue; RN given refers to Na salt; structure in first source | 6.45 | 3 | 2 | ||
| nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| doxofylline doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | anti-asthmatic drug; antitussive; bronchodilator agent |
| iopentol [no description available] | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| mk 458 MK 458: a sustained release formulation of a naphthoxazine compoud with selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonism. naxagolide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of naxagolide. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | hydrochloride | anticonvulsant; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| tepoxalin tepoxalin : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | antipyretic; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| technetium tc 99m mertiatide Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination. | 13.16 | 93 | 4 | ||
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| 3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase. | 4.87 | 8 | 1 | organoiodine compound | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| pyranine pyranine: structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome |
| methionine methyl ester [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phosphatidylglycerol | |
| 1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
| web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| bepafant bepafant: RN given from Toxlit 6/90; PAF antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iobitridol [no description available] | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | benzenedicarboxamide; hexol; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| methacycline [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diglyceride | |
| xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes. | 6.71 | 18 | 1 | ||
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
| trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| adosterol Adosterol: A sterol usually substituted with radioactive iodine. It is an adrenal cortex scanning agent with demonstrated high adrenal concentration and superior adrenal imaging. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
| secnidazole [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; secondary alcohol | epitope |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | pyranoindolizinoquinoline | |
| chromium-51 chromium-51 : A synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival. | 4.31 | 3 | 1 | chromium atom | radioactive label |
| fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 4.62 | 6 | 1 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | |
| selenonorcholesterol selenonorcholesterol: adrenal radioisotope scanning agents | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tryptophan methyl ester tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(o-ethyl-tyr)-4-val-9-des-gly-arginine vasopressin 1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-Tyr)-4-Val-9-des-Gly-arginine vasopressin: vasopressin receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (D-Tyr)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate: bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid: imaging agent; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| heliox heliox: mixture of above cpds | 5.78 | 2 | 2 | ||
| technetium tc 99m etidronate [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 4-iodoamphetamine 4-iodoamphetamine: used as tracer with iodine radioisotopes for local cerebral blood flow in rats | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycylglutamine glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite; protective agent |
| 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3'-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-3-benzazepine 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3'-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine: high affinity & selective iodinated ligand for CNS D1 dopamine receptor; RN given refes to (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/91 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| n-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-4-iodobenzamide N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-4-iodobenzamide: RN refers to unlabled cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| technetium tc 99m citrate technetium Tc 99m citrate: RN given refers to unspecified 99Tc-labeled cpd | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl alditol | cathartic; excipient; laxative |
| indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination: protein-free, synthetic surfactant containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol & tyloxapol; used in treatment of respiratory distress syndrome | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m (sn)methylenediphosphonate [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ytterbium dtpa ytterbium DTPA: used in computer tomography; has higher K-edge than iodine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt | |
| trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2-(2-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)-n-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide 2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide: a pentafluorinated derivative of etanidazole | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboplatin [no description available] | 3.64 | 9 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | amino sugar | |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 3.85 | 2 | 1 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
| imidazolidines [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| tolfenamic acid tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity. | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 4.56 | 8 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| alpha-naphthyl thiourea alpha-naphthyl thiourea: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 5.38 | 5 | 1 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| 1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning. | 9.51 | 62 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid | chelator |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 4.34 | 2 | 2 | C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | alkali metal atom | |
| ranitidine bismuth citrate ranitidine bismuth citrate: Pylorid & Tritec are tradenames | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| ((5,6-dichloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1h-fluoren-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid L 644711: RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source; HCO3(-)/Cl(-) antiporter antagonist | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cystine [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bilirubin [no description available] | 5.91 | 9 | 3 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 4.05 | 3 | 1 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 4.28 | 4 | 1 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist |
| fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| tin [no description available] | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom | micronutrient |
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 3.76 | 3 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. | 6.39 | 13 | 1 | boron group element atom | |
| gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 4.9 | 2 | 1 | boron group element atom | |
| butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| glyceryl behenate 1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1-monoglyceride; fatty acid ester | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 4.34 | 6 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| 1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan 1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug |
| aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene | antihypertensive agent |
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 3.42 | 2 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m stannous pyrophosphate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3'-diethyl-4,2'-quinolylthiacyanine iodide cyanine dye 7: structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m pyrophosphate Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate: A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities. | 4.77 | 10 | 0 | ||
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 4.45 | 22 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bms 181321 BMS 181321: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| n,n-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. | 6.48 | 8 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m disofenin Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin: A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4) | 4.58 | 8 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. | 6.13 | 17 | 2 | ||
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 8.07 | 23 | 2 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | ||
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | ||
| motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | polypeptide | |
| (dtpa-phe(1))-octreotide SDZ 215-811: potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 4.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | glycoside | |
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| (9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkylmercury compound | antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen |
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack. | 6.74 | 10 | 2 | ||
| urografin 76 urovision: urovision contains a mixture of sodium & meglumine salts of diatrizoic acid in the ratio of 50:18 in aqueous solution used in urography | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints. | 8.69 | 46 | 2 | ||
| ethyl cellulose [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mannans [no description available] | 13.94 | 42 | 14 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m gluceptate [no description available] | 6.87 | 29 | 0 | ||
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 6.46 | 8 | 6 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 6.19 | 10 | 1 | ||
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| technetium tc 99m lidofenin Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans. | 4.96 | 7 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m depreotide technetium Tc 99m depreotide: Tc-99m-labeled somatostatin | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen. | 10.99 | 36 | 5 | ||
| technetium tc 99m gluconate [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
| gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system | 3.24 | 5 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 6.17 | 12 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms. | 4.83 | 34 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex. | 12.77 | 91 | 3 | ||
| levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source | 3.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | ||
| acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine technetium Tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine: renal imaging agent; structure given in first source | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 8.95 | 25 | 4 |
| Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 8.95 | 25 | 4 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 10.14 | 16 | 7 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 10.14 | 16 | 7 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.97 | 39 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 7.73 | 38 | 5 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 7.36 | 24 | 2 |
| Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 7.73 | 38 | 5 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 6.97 | 39 | 0 |
| Azotaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 13.78 | 46 | 20 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 13.78 | 46 | 20 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 8.43 | 16 | 2 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 13.38 | 38 | 20 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 7.92 | 9 | 2 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 8.55 | 11 | 5 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 8.43 | 16 | 2 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 7.92 | 9 | 2 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 8.55 | 11 | 5 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 14.27 | 193 | 10 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 10.71 | 87 | 11 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 10.71 | 87 | 11 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 14.92 | 151 | 36 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 10.88 | 76 | 6 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 6.93 | 27 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 10.88 | 76 | 6 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 26 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 6.93 | 26 | 1 |
| Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Lung Injury [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 7.7 | 33 | 2 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 8.32 | 32 | 1 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 12 | 2 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 7.7 | 33 | 2 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 8.32 | 32 | 1 |
| Bladder Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 2 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 2 |
| Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 4.9 | 35 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE. | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Congestive Ophthalmopathy [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Graves Ophthalmopathy An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy. | 0 | 4.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 5.48 | 15 | 1 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 6.07 | 29 | 1 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 11.79 | 106 | 5 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 6.07 | 29 | 1 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 11.79 | 106 | 5 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 5.48 | 15 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 7.29 | 15 | 3 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 7.29 | 15 | 3 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 11.04 | 70 | 11 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 11.04 | 70 | 11 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Klatskin Tumor Cholangiocarcinoma arising near or at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (COMMON HEPATIC DUCT). These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 10.12 | 124 | 1 |
| Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated. | 0 | 4.19 | 17 | 0 |
| Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 11.54 | 104 | 2 |
| Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) | 0 | 4.19 | 17 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Systolic Heart Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5) | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 6.95 | 16 | 1 |
| Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 6.95 | 16 | 1 |
| Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available] | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.67 | 19 | 0 |
| Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.11 | 10 | 1 |
| Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 12 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 8.86 | 46 | 3 |
| Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 3.89 | 12 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 8.86 | 46 | 3 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 5.11 | 10 | 1 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 3.62 | 9 | 0 |
| Single Functioning Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 6.44 | 16 | 0 |
| Black Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis, American [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 10.27 | 43 | 4 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 10.27 | 43 | 4 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Ureter [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 8.05 | 48 | 2 |
| Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 10.2 | 60 | 6 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 8.05 | 48 | 2 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 10.2 | 60 | 6 |
| Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Flank Pain Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 6.28 | 8 | 1 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 6.28 | 8 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 6.04 | 28 | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 6.04 | 28 | 1 |
| Hydronephrosis, Infected [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 8.45 | 10 | 5 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 8.45 | 10 | 5 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Malignant Neurilemmoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 12.45 | 68 | 8 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 12.45 | 68 | 8 |
| Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 11.95 | 40 | 19 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 11.95 | 40 | 19 |
| Renal Nutcracker Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Stasis [description not available] | 0 | 5.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 4.16 | 6 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 4.16 | 6 | 0 |
| Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 5.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Sinus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 5.27 | 2 | 1 |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 7.43 | 33 | 0 |
| Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY. | 0 | 7.43 | 33 | 0 |
| Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Dead [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 11 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 6.87 | 25 | 1 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 7.68 | 36 | 1 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 5.18 | 11 | 1 |
| Cancer of the Vulva [description not available] | 0 | 3.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA. | 0 | 3.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Endoleak Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm. | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Anal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastritis, Familial Giant Hypertrophic [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 5.81 | 4 | 2 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 8.21 | 20 | 6 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 8.21 | 20 | 6 |
| Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available] | 0 | 4.42 | 8 | 0 |
| Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 4.42 | 8 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 6.58 | 10 | 2 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 5.17 | 11 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 5.17 | 11 | 1 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 8.13 | 14 | 3 |
| Regurgitation, Gastric GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX wherein the retrograde flow passes through the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Aspiration of Gastric Contents Inhaling refluxed gastric or duodenal contents. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 8.13 | 14 | 3 |
| Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 4.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 4.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 7.44 | 18 | 1 |
| Cake Kidney Congenital fusion of the embryonic kidneys forming a single renal parenchymal mass. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 4.53 | 5 | 1 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 4.53 | 5 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 5.7 | 7 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 5.7 | 7 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN. | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs. | 0 | 3.59 | 9 | 0 |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 3.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Perineural Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 5.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Atheroma [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 5.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 5.94 | 15 | 0 |
| Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Organic or functional motility disorder involving the SPHINCTER OF ODDI and associated with biliary COLIC. Pathological changes are most often seen in the COMMON BILE DUCT sphincter, and less commonly the PANCREATIC DUCT sphincter. | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Duodenal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 5.32 | 7 | 2 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 5.32 | 7 | 2 |
| AIDS Seroconversion [description not available] | 0 | 7.28 | 9 | 1 |
| P carinii Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 6.53 | 18 | 1 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis. | 0 | 6.53 | 18 | 1 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9) | 0 | 4.6 | 10 | 0 |
| Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 4.33 | 20 | 0 |
| Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Effusion, Subdural [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Buerger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 12.63 | 67 | 11 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 12.63 | 67 | 11 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aldosteronism [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Bronchiolitis, Exudative [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Bronchiolitis Obliterans Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 5.41 | 24 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 5.41 | 24 | 0 |
| Sicca Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 5.45 | 15 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 4.51 | 5 | 1 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Bile Reflux Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
| Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 6.81 | 12 | 6 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 6.81 | 12 | 6 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA. | 0 | 3.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 6 | 2 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 6.14 | 31 | 0 |
| Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Ureterolithiasis Formation of stones in the URETER. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.16 | 13 | 3 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 7.52 | 19 | 3 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 7.52 | 19 | 3 |
| Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. | 0 | 7.16 | 13 | 3 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 7.26 | 17 | 1 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 7.26 | 17 | 1 |
| Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 5 | 1 |
| Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 4.48 | 5 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Inguinal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Choledocholithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT. | 0 | 3.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 32 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 4.78 | 32 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Urinary Lithiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.84 | 7 | 7 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 8.84 | 7 | 7 |
| Acute Chest Syndrome Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, accompanied by symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain, tachypnea, or DYSPNEA, often seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome. | 0 | 7.49 | 4 | 4 |
| Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.68 | 11 | 0 |
| Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 4.68 | 11 | 0 |
| Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. | 0 | 4.49 | 5 | 1 |
| Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 11.62 | 106 | 3 |
| Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 11.78 | 96 | 4 |
| Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression. | 0 | 11.62 | 106 | 3 |
| Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR). | 0 | 11.78 | 96 | 4 |
| Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Lung, Hyperlucent A lung with reduced markings on its chest radiograph and increased areas of transradiancy (hyperlucency). A hyperlucent lung is usually associated with pulmonary emphysema or PNEUMOTHORAX. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 6.67 | 11 | 2 |
| Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. | 0 | 6.67 | 11 | 2 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 6.8 | 13 | 0 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 6.8 | 13 | 0 |
| Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Castleman Disease Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.84 | 25 | 1 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 5.98 | 10 | 1 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 5.98 | 10 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.56 | 6 | 1 |
| Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431) | 0 | 5.56 | 6 | 1 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.1 | 6 | 2 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 5.51 | 16 | 1 |
| Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less. | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 1 |
| Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.31 | 25 | 1 |
| Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA. | 0 | 7.31 | 25 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Aortic Dissection [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Bowel Incontinence [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 7.33 | 14 | 2 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 7.33 | 14 | 2 |
| Aneurysm, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterio-Arterial Fistula Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 7 | 0 |
| Diverticula, Esophageal [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 4.29 | 7 | 0 |
| Cyst, Lymphatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Abscess, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Avian Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Dysmotility [description not available] | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 1 |
| Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Cleft Spine [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
| Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 6 | 2 |
| Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 5.19 | 6 | 2 |
| Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. | 0 | 5.18 | 6 | 2 |
| Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 2 | 2 |
| Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 4.34 | 2 | 2 |
| Atresia, Biliary [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Biliary Atresia Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of ILEUM [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Neurilemoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5) | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Alagille Syndrome 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Alagille Syndrome A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2). | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| ADPKD [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function. | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 5.15 | 11 | 1 |
| Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 5.15 | 11 | 1 |
| Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Clubbed Fingers [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Aberrant Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Urethral Obstruction Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Chylopericardium [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 3.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION). | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
| Urinary Bladder Fistula An abnormal passage in the URINARY BLADDER or between the bladder and any surrounding organ. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pelvis [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Ewing Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 3.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperkyphosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 4.85 | 4 | 2 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 4.85 | 4 | 2 |
| Collagenous Colitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis, Collagenous A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show larger-than-normal band of subepithelial COLLAGEN. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Enlarged Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Enlarged Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Diverticulum, Meckel [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 5.19 | 6 | 2 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Injuries, Leg [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Mediastinitis Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Pasteurella [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost. | 0 | 4.96 | 9 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.86 | 13 | 2 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 5.86 | 13 | 2 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Pseudarthrosis A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the false joint that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available] | 0 | 6.88 | 16 | 1 |
| Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. | 0 | 6.88 | 16 | 1 |
| Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Interstitial Nephritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 5.23 | 12 | 1 |
| Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 5.23 | 12 | 1 |
| Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available] | 0 | 5.15 | 11 | 1 |
| Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA. | 0 | 5.15 | 11 | 1 |
| Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Myelopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Kidney, Polycystic [description not available] | 0 | 5.59 | 11 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. | 0 | 5.59 | 11 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Polio [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leg Length Inequality A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerular Necrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 0 |
| Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 0 |
| Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
| Battered Child Syndrome A clinical condition resulting from repeated physical and psychological injuries inflicted on a child by the parents or caregivers. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.98 | 14 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 3.98 | 14 | 0 |
| Achalasia [description not available] | 0 | 5.17 | 6 | 2 |
| Esophageal Achalasia A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus). | 0 | 5.17 | 6 | 2 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Acoustic Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 6.58 | 7 | 1 |
| Nasal Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 6.66 | 30 | 0 |
| Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS). | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 6.66 | 30 | 0 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Ureteral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETERS. | 0 | 4.28 | 19 | 0 |
| Vaginal Fistula An abnormal anatomical passage that connects the VAGINA to other organs, such as the bladder (VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA) or the rectum (RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic. | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC). | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 8 | 2 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 5.42 | 8 | 2 |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.37 | 14 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. | 0 | 5.37 | 14 | 0 |
| Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Siamese Twins [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Gasser Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Common Bile Duct Diseases Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilharziasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Coarctation of Aorta [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer, Embryonal [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Celiac Sprue [description not available] | 0 | 6.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 6.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 6.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 7.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 6.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 6.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 6.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 6.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 7.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Ureterocele A cystic dilatation of the end of a URETER as it enters into the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by the ballooning of the ureteral orifice into the lumen of the bladder and may obstruct urine flow. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Oligohydramnios A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Asialia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Linear Skull Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Lipoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule. | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Angio-Osteohypertrophy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascites, Chylous [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Afferent Loop Syndrome A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cacchi Ricci Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Chordoma A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 4.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Abdominal Cramps [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Ciliary Dyskinesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Ciliary Motility Disorders Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Closed Head Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Atresia, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilirubinemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Dysembryoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals. | 0 | 5.84 | 5 | 1 |
| Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ventral Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Addiction, Opioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Nicotine Addiction [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS). | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Benign Cranial Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Angioma, Cavernous A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemangioma, Capillary A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Endometrial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Laurence-Moon Syndrome An autosomal recessive condition characterized by hypogonadism; spinocerebellar degeneration; MENTAL RETARDATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and OBESITY. This syndrome was previously referred to as Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome until BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME was identified as a distinct entity. (From N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 12;321(15):1002-9) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Parotid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophago-Pharyngeal Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Primate Diseases Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebromeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess, Abdominal [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Neurofibromas [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatoses A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 5.18 | 6 | 2 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiomyolipoma A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Precordial Catch [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Esophageal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Lymphangiectasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 7.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Dilatation Abnormal distention of the STOMACH due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION; ILEUS; GASTROPARESIS; or denervation. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Meningocele [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphangiomyomatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphangioleiomyomatosis A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms ( | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Avian Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pharynx [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Inner Ear Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Respiratory Tract Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer, Second Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Empyema, Thoracic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibromuscular Dysplasia An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to STENOSIS of small and medium-sized arteries. There is true proliferation of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and fibrous tissue. Fibromuscular dysplasia lesions are smooth stenosis and occur most often in the renal and carotid arteries. They may also occur in other peripheral arteries of the extremity. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cavernous Angioma, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System A vascular anomaly composed of a collection of large, thin walled tortuous VEINS that can occur in any part of the central nervous system but lack intervening nervous tissue. Familial occurrence is common and has been associated with a number of genes mapped to 7q, 7p and 3q. Clinical features include SEIZURES; HEADACHE; STROKE; and progressive neurological deficit. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Renal Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatorenal Syndrome Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Histomoniasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Blastocystis hominis Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Barrett Epithelium [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Parathyroid Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmodium vivax Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 6.76 | 6 | 1 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Vivax Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Argentaffinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182) | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS. | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Lipomatosis A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hakim Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Malignant Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cor Pulmonale [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Skull [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Urogenital A general term for MYCOBACTERIUM infections of any part of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arachnoid Cysts Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Schistosoma haematobia Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Schistosomiasis haematobia A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in AFRICA and parts of the MIDDLE EAST. Tissue damages most often occur in the URINARY TRACT, specifically the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Extra-Mammary Paget Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Paget Disease, Extramammary A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40) | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Epidermal Cyst Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortitis Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Arch Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dextrocardia A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Avian Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Epiphora [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| A-V Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Sick Sinus Node Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Oxaluria, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Air Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness. | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Abdominal Muscle Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Heroin Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Papillary Necrosis A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous A chronic inflammatory condition of the KIDNEY resulting in diffuse renal destruction, a grossly enlarged and nonfunctioning kidney associated with NEPHROLITHIASIS and KIDNEY STONES. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Airocele [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anti-GBM Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |