Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 22617237 |
| MeSH ID | M0026183 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| technetium (99mtc) sestamibi |
| cardiolite |
| 99mtc sestamibi |
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi |
| 109581-73-9 |
| tc99m rp-30a |
| 971z4w1s09 , |
| technetium (99m tc) sestamibi |
| DB09161 |
| sestamibi |
| 99m tc-sestamibi |
| technetium tc-99m sestamibi |
| 99m-tc sestamibi |
| technetium (mtc) sestamibi [inn] |
| sestamibi [vandf] |
| technetium tc-99m sestamibi kit |
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi [mi] |
| tc99m-rp-30a |
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi [vandf] |
| technetium tc-99m sestamibi kit [orange book] |
| technetium (99m tc) sestamibi [who-dd] |
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi [usan] |
| 1-isocyano-2-methoxy-2-methylpropane;technetium |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " One way of prolonging the bioavailability of 99Tcm-MIBI is to use liposomes which do not affect its accumulation in tumour cells." | ( Uptake of liposome-encapsulated 99Tcm-MIBI by sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumour cell lines. Benazzouz, F; Cordobes, MD; de Beco, V; Moretti, JL; Starzec, A, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Furthermore, the protective function of Pgp-mediated efflux of xenobiotics in various organs has a profound effect on the bioavailability of drugs in general." | ( Characterization of a novel 99mTc-carbonyl complex as a functional probe of MDR1 P-glycoprotein transport activity. Blake, HM; Dahlheimer, JL; Dyszlewski, M; Pica, CM; Piwnica-Worms, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Variations in the mdr1 gene product may directly affect the therapeutic effectiveness, and single nucleotide polymorphisms for the mdr1 gene may be associated with altered oral bioavailability of MDR1 substrates, drug resistance, and a susceptibility to some human diseases." | ( Imaging of multidrug resistance in cancer. Dizdarevic, S; Peters, AM, 2011) | 0.37 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 51 (0.99) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1812 (35.11) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1954 (37.86) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1038 (20.11) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 306 (5.93) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 627 (10.86%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 369 (6.39%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 995 (17.23%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 23 (0.40%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3,760 (65.12%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of 99mTc Sestamibi Scans In Patients Who Have Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin Levels, and Negative Diagnostic Imaging Studies [NCT03065218] | Phase 4 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient recruitment) | ||
| A Phase 3, Open Label, Multicenter Study for the Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Flurpiridaz F18 Injection in Patients With Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) [NCT01347710] | Phase 3 | 795 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | ||
| xSPECT-based Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy: Consistency of Functional Values and Feasibility of Myocardial Uptake Quantitation in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease (xSPECT MPI Study) [NCT04583787] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-12-07 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase III, Open-Label, Non-Randomized, International, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CARDIOLITE® Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Pediatric Subjects With Kawasaki Disease [NCT00162032] | Phase 3 | 445 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Clinical Study to Evaluate Molecular Breast Imaging- Guidance for Sampling of Breast Abnormalities [NCT06058650] | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-26 | Recruiting | |||
| Study of 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT Imaging for the Preoperative Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytoma [NCT02160925] | 125 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Evaluation of Low-dose Molecular Breast Imaging as a Screening Tool in Women With Mammographically Dense Breasts and Increased Risk of Breast Cancer [NCT00620373] | 969 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | |||
| Regadenoson Blood Flow in Type 1 Diabetes (RABIT1D) [NCT01019486] | Phase 4 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| SPECT/CT for the Characterization of Renal Masses: Impact on Clinical Decision Making [NCT03996850] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2018-12-07 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase 2, Open-Label, Randomized, Cross-Over Study of Regadenoson in Subjects Undergoing Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging by Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) [NCT01334918] | Phase 2 | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-26 | Completed | ||
| Study of the Concordance Between a Traditional Protocol of Stress and Rest Myocardial Tomoscintigraphy Using 99mTc-sestamibi and a Double Isotope Protocol Using Thallium-201 and 99mTc-sestamibi, With a Semiconductor Camera [NCT02869126] | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | |||
| AceP-D: Non-invasive Assessment of Atypical Chest Pain in Patients With Diabetes [NCT00162344] | Phase 4 | 205 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase I-II, Open-Label, Multicenter Trial to Determine the Dosimetry and Safety of Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi in Pediatric Subjects [NCT00162045] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 79 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in the Pre-operative Localization of Hyperfunctional Parathyroid Gland in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [NCT04316845] | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-01-16 | Completed | |||
| Cardiolite-406; A Phase IV Open-Label, Randomized, Multi-Center Trial To Evaluate The Ability of Cardiolite Stress MPI to Detect Asymptomatic Restenosis in Diabetic Patients Who Have Undergone Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [NCT00162357] | Phase 4 | 106 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Density MATTERS [Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) And Tomosynthesis To Eliminate the ReServoir] [NCT03220893] | 1,732 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-14 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Assessment of the Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women With Locoregional Invasive Breast Cancer Using Tc99m Sestamibi Molecular Breast Imaging: A Prospective Study [NCT02324387] | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-15 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| AIR-MI: Assessment of Ischemia and Remodeling Following Acute Myocardial Infarction [NCT00162331] | Phase 4 | 74 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Multimodality Breast Imaging for the Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients [NCT02744053] | Early Phase 1 | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-07 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Comparative Performance of Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Breast in Identifying and Excluding Breast Carcinoma in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer [NCT05042687] | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-12-13 | Recruiting | |||
| Feasibility of Half-Dose Radiopharmaceutical Administration Utilizing Wide-Beam Reconstruction [NCT01499654] | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment) | |||
| A Pharmacodynamic Study of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) Antagonist, CBT-1(Registered Trademark), Evaluating Pgp Inhibition in Tumors and Normal Tissues [NCT00972205] | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Completed | |||
| A Prospective, Open-label, Multicenter Study With Blinded Over-reading Characterizing the Efficacy and Safety of 99mTc-EC-DG in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) [NCT01899833] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-10 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| The Combination of Radiotherapy With the Anti-Angiogenic Agent Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) in the Treatment of Stage I-IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Phase I Study [NCT00560495] | Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Withdrawn | ||
| A Clinical Trial of the P-Glycoprotein Antagonist, Tariquidar (XR9576), in Combination With Docetaxel in Patients With Lung, Ovarian, Renal and Cervical Cancer: Analysis of the Interaction Between Tariquidar and Docetaxel [NCT00069160] | Phase 2 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of Low-dose Molecular Breast Imaging as a Screening Tool in Women With Mammographically Dense Breasts and Increased Risk of Breast Cancer [NCT01925170] | 1,638 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
In the first cycle patients were to receive docetaxel on days 1 and 8 and to be randomized to receive tariquidar on either day 1 or 8. Thus pharmacokinetic data with and without tariquidar can be compared. (NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | Cmax (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| C1D1 | C1D8 | Both Groups (C1D1 + C1D8) | |
| Docetaxel Alone | 1315 | 1060 | 1190 |
| With Tariquidar | 1093 | 1026 | 1063 |
Here are the total number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events see the adverse event module. (NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 4 yrs 8-11 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Patients on Docetaxel on Days 1, 8 & Tariquidar on Day 8, 22 | 23 |
| Patients on Docetaxel on Days 1, 8 & Tariquidar on Days 1, 22 | 25 |
99mTc-sestamibi is a radionuclide imaging agent used to study cardiac function that has also been shown to be a substrate for P-glycoprotein- mediated drug efflux. Because of the high expression of Pgp in liver tissue, sestamibi uptake in liver tissue is often monitored as a marker of Pgp inhibition. A significant change in the area under the curve(AUC) in liver tissue (normal tissue as a surrogate) is defined as P<0.001. (NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 3-24 hours
| Intervention | Percent (Median) |
|---|---|
| All Patients Who Received Docetaxel and Tariquidar | 12.4 |
A significant change in the area under the curve(AUC) in liver tissue (normal tissue as a surrogate) is defined as P<0.001. A secondary objective of this study was to establish whether tariquidar (150 mg) modulates Pgp in liver. Sestamibi is a Pgp substrate that may be a surrogate for measuring drug efflux from tumors. A baseline Tc-sestamibi scan was obtained before the administration of tariquidar. A minimum of 48 hours later, on or about day 22 a single dose of tariquidar was administered, followed by a second Tc-sestamibi scan. (NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 3 - 24 hours
| Intervention | percent increase in sestamibi AUC (Median) |
|---|---|
| All Patients Who Received Docetaxel and Tariquidar | 82.2 |
Response is determined by RECIST criteria defined as changes in only the largest diameter (unidimensional measurement) of the tumor lesion. Lesions are either measurable or non-measurable. Measurable lesions are defined as those that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as >/- 20 mm with conventional techniques (CT, MRI, xray) or as >/- 10 mm with a spiral CT scan. Non-measurable lesions are defined as all other lesions (or sites of disease) including small lesions (longest diameter <20 mm with conventional techniques or <10 mm using spiral CT. (NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 4 years, 8-11 months
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| All Patients Who Received Docetaxel and Tariquidar | 8 |
(NCT00069160)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| C1D1 | C1D8 | Both Groups (C1D1 + C1D8) | |
| Docetaxel Alone | 1367 | 1308 | 1339 |
| With Tariquidar | 1409 | 1327 | 1373 |
The proportion of all patients who experienced cardiac events among patients with abnormal (SSS >=4, high risk) and normal (SSS <4, low risk) Cardiolite MPI scans during the follow-up period. A log-rank statistic (2-sided, alpha = 0.05) was computed to compare cardiac event-free survival in the high risk and low risk groups. The cardiac event rate is the cumulative event rate based on a Kaplan-Meier estimate conditional on the SPECT MPI score result. (NCT00162032)
Timeframe: 3 years
| Intervention | proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Children (4 -11 Years) Normal | 0.041 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Normal | 0.033 |
| Children (4-11 Years) Abnormal | 0.115 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Abnormal | 0.233 |
Examine the incidence of hard cardiac events (myocardial infarction [MI] or cardiac death) in KD subjects with positive and negative MPI scans. (NCT00162032)
Timeframe: 3 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Children (4 -11 Years) Normal | 0 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Normal | 0 |
| Children (4-11 Years) Abnormal | 0 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Abnormal | 0 |
Determine the incidence of cardiac events occurring over a 6 month follow up period in pediatric subjects with normal myocardial perfusion scans. (NCT00162032)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Children (4 -11 Years) Normal | 3 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Normal | 1 |
| Children (4-11 Years) Abnormal | 3 |
| Adolescents (12-16 Years) Abnormal | 2 |
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) relative to coronary angiography. Coronary stenoses of ≥ 50% were classified as disease. SSS > 4 in MPI was classified as positive for IHD. (NCT00162032)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | proportion (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Predictive Value | Negative Predictive Value | |
| Angiography Subjects | 0.35 | 0.62 | 0.21 | 0.77 |
Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SDS for myocardial perfusion corresponding to the left anterior descending (LAD) for the diagnosis of IHD in the distribution of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery relative to coronary angiography based diagnosis were determined. Coronary stenoses of ≥ 50% for arteries associated with LAD territories were classified as LAD disease. SDS LAD > 1 was classified as positive for IHD for the LAD distribution. (NCT00162032)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | proportion (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Predictive Value | Negative Predictive Value | |
| Adolescents (Ages 12-16) | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Children (Ages 4-11) | .25 | 0.76 | 0.14 | 0.86 |
Diagnostic yield is the likelihood that a test or procedure will provide the information needed to establish a diagnosis. In this case, it is the proportion of women with positive results of a screening test and positive results with the reference standard (verified cancer status). (NCT00620373)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and gamma imaging
| Intervention | cancers per 1000 women screened (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 3.2 |
| Gamma Imaging | 9.6 |
| Both Mammography and Gamma Imaging | 10.7 |
Recall rate was defined as the percentage of participants recalled for follow-up studies initiated because of abnormal findings with mammography or gamma imaging. (NCT00620373)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and gamma imaging
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 9 |
| Gamma Imaging | 8 |
| Both Mammography and Gamma Imaging | 15 |
Specificity measures the proportion of negatives which are correctly identified as such. (NCT00620373)
Timeframe: 12 month after mammography and gamma imaging
| Intervention | number of true negatives (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 840 |
| Gamma Imaging | 861 |
| Both Mammography and Gamma Imaging | 788 |
(NCT00620373)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and gamma imaging
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Invasive cancer | Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) | |
| Mammography and Molecular Breast Imaging | 7 | 4 |
Sensitivity measures the proportion of actual positives which are correctly identified as such. (NCT00620373)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and gamma imaging
| Intervention | number of cancers diagnosed (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All cancers | Invasive cancers | Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) | |
| Both Mammography and Gamma Imaging | 10 | 7 | 3 |
| Gamma Imaging | 9 | 7 | 2 |
| Mammography Only | 3 | 2 | 1 |
An area under the concentration curve (AUC) was calculated for 99mTc counts over the liver, lungs, and heart. An equation was applied to determine the increase in sestamibi in the liver: [(AUCpost - AUC baseline)/(AUC baseline)] x 100. (NCT00972205)
Timeframe: sestamibi scanning was performed on day 0 and day 6, allowing scans to be performed pre and post CBT-1 administration
| Intervention | percent increase sestamibi retention (Median) |
|---|---|
| Paclitaxel and CBT-1 to Treat Solid Tumors | 71.9 |
Rhodamine 123 was added to whole blood obtained before and after CBT-1. The blood was incubated, layered on lymphocyte separation medium and centrifuged. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were isolated, washed and incubated in rhodamine-free medium with or without valspodar. Cells were washed and incubated in phycoerythrin-labeled anti-CD56 antibody or negative control antibody. Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was assessed in CD56+cells with or without valspodar and a 60 min efflux period,continuing the cells without or with valspodar to generate Efflux and PSC/Efflux histograms. (NCT00972205)
Timeframe: Rhodamine efflux was performed on blood drawn prior to CBT-1 ingestion and after 6 days of dosing.
| Intervention | Percent inhibition of rhodamine efflux (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Paclitaxel and CBT-1 to Treat Solid Tumors | 78 |
Here are the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events see the adverse event module. (NCT00972205)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Paclitaxel and CBT-1 to Treat Solid Tumors | 12 |
"Response is determined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Criteria. Complete response (CR)-disappearance of all target lesions, Partial response (PR)-at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter(LD)of target lesions, stable disease (SD) - neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease.~See the Protocol Link module for further details about the RECIST Criteria." (NCT00972205)
Timeframe: Baseline to progression
| Intervention | participants with response (Number) |
|---|---|
| Paclitaxel and CBT-1 to Treat Solid Tumors | 2 |
Measurement of Myocardial blood flow measurements (MBF) and myocardial perfusion index obtained from 6 regions within the mid ventricular LV short axis slice. (NCT01019486)
Timeframe: 1 month
| Intervention | percentage of StressMBF/ Rest MBF (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Non Diabetic Controls | 2.19 |
| Type 1 Diabetes Low Risk Group | 1.81 |
| Type 1 Diabetes High Risk Group | 1.95 |
Regional coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) in a target artery (defined on MPI study) compared to flow in a less diseased atherosclerotic vessel following vasodilator response to intravenously administered regadenoson. (NCT01019486)
Timeframe: within 6 months
| Intervention | CFR ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Abnormal MPI Study | 1.5 |
Myocardial perfusion indices radionuclide stress and rest images and were obtained from 6 regions within the mid ventricular LV short axis slice. Each was corrected for decay and standardized to a 30 mCi administered dose for each part of a two day study. (NCT01019486)
Timeframe: 1 month
| Intervention | percentage of Ratio Stress/ rest counts (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Non Diabetic Controls | 1.09 |
| Type 1 Diabetes Low Risk Group | 1.4 |
| Type 1 Diabetes High Risk Group | 1.12 |
"The number of reversible defects in the LCX categorized into absence or presence of ischemia (0-1 versus ≥2), as assessed by the central imaging laboratory for both SPECT and MDCT.~The 17-segment model for standardized myocardial segmentation was used for myocardial perfusion readings for SPECT and MDCT. At rest and stress, each segment was scored on a 0 to 4 scale according to the amount of contrast or radiotracer the myocardium in the segment absorbed:~0: normal perfusion~1: slightly reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~2: moderately reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~3: severely reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~4: absent contrast/radiotracer uptake.~The median score from 3 blinded readers for each segment was used. If the stress score was ≥ 2 and the rest score was less than the stress score, the segment was counted as having a reversible defect. A participant was classified as ischemic in the presence of ≥ 2 segments with reversible defects, excluding segment 17." (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECT: 0 - 1 Reversible defects | SPECT: ≥ 2 Reversible defects | SPECT: All Reversible defects | |
| CTP: ≥ 2 Reversible Defects | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| CTP: 0 - 1 Reversible Defects | 90 | 2 | 92 |
| CTP: All Reversible Defects | 99 | 6 | 105 |
"The number of reversible defects in the RCA categorized into absence or presence of ischemia (0-1 versus ≥2), as assessed by the central imaging laboratory for both SPECT and MDCT.~The 17-segment model for standardized myocardial segmentation was used for myocardial perfusion readings for SPECT and MDCT. At rest and stress, each segment was scored on a 0 to 4 scale according to the amount of contrast or radiotracer the myocardium in the segment absorbed:~0: normal perfusion~1: slightly reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~2: moderately reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~3: severely reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~4: absent contrast/radiotracer uptake.~The median score from 3 blinded readers for each segment was used. If the stress score was ≥ 2 and the rest score was less than the stress score, the segment was counted as having a reversible defect. A participant was classified as ischemic in the presence of ≥ 2 segments with reversible defects, excluding segment 17." (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECT: 0 - 1 Reversible defects | SPECT: ≥ 2 Reversible defects | SPECT: All Reversible defects | |
| CTP: ≥ 2 Reversible Defects | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| CTP: 0 - 1 Reversible Defects | 92 | 1 | 93 |
| CTP: All Reversible Defects | 97 | 1 | 98 |
Overall image quality was assessed by three independent blinded readers for each modality (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)). Image quality was rated on a 4-point scale as either excellent, good, fair or poor at rest using SPECT and MDCT and under stress using regadenoson SPECT and regadenoson stress computed tomography perfusion (CTP). (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest: Excellent | Rest: Good | Rest: Fair | Rest: Poor | Stress: Excellent | Stress: Good | Stress: Fair | Stress: Poor | |
| MDCT: Reviewer 1 | 30 | 56 | 23 | 1 | 5 | 48 | 56 | 1 |
| MDCT: Reviewer 2 | 40 | 37 | 33 | 0 | 15 | 24 | 62 | 9 |
| MDCT: Reviewer 3 | 56 | 43 | 11 | 0 | 37 | 36 | 34 | 3 |
| SPECT: Reviewer 1 | 89 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 89 | 16 | 4 | 1 |
| SPECT: Reviewer 2 | 25 | 53 | 31 | 1 | 35 | 51 | 24 | 0 |
| SPECT: Reviewer 3 | 83 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 78 | 27 | 5 | 0 |
Using SPECT as the reference standard, the false negative percentage was calculated as the percentage of participants with two or more ischemic segments on SPECT, but less on CT. (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| SPECT + MDCT | 10 |
"Using the 17-segment scoring system, a segment scored above 1 (i.e., 2 to 4) and equal at rest and stress was counted as having a fixed defect.~At rest and stress, each segment was scored on a 0 to 4 scale according to the amount of contrast or radiotracer the myocardium in the segment absorbed:~0: normal perfusion~1: slightly reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~2: moderately reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~3: severely reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~4: absent contrast/radiotracer uptake." (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECT: 0 Fixed Defects | SPECT: ≥ 1 Fixed Defects | SPECT: All Fixed Defects | |
| CTP: ≥ 1 Fixed Defects | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| CTP: 0 Fixed Defects | 92 | 3 | 95 |
| CTP: All Fixed Defects | 97 | 13 | 110 |
"The number of reversible defects categorized into absence or presence of ischemia (0-1 versus ≥2), as assessed by the central imaging laboratory for both SPECT and MDCT.~The 17-segment model for standardized myocardial segmentation was used for myocardial perfusion readings for SPECT and MDCT. At rest and stress, each segment was scored on a 0 to 4 scale according to the amount of contrast or radiotracer the myocardium in the segment absorbed:~0: normal perfusion~1: slightly reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~2: moderately reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~3: severely reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~4: absent contrast/radiotracer uptake.~The median score from the 3 blinded readers for each segment was used. If the stress score was ≥ 2 and the rest score was less than the stress score, the segment was counted as having a reversible defect. A participant was classified as ischemic in the presence of 2 or more segments with reversible defects, excluding segment 17." (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECT: 0-1 Reversible defects | SPECT: ≥ 2 Reversible defects | SPECT: All Reversible defects | |
| CTP: ≥ 2 Reversible Defects | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| CTP: 0 - 1 Reversible Defects | 84 | 1 | 85 |
| CTP: All Reversible Defects | 100 | 10 | 110 |
"The number of reversible defects in the LAD categorized into absence or presence of ischemia (0-1 versus ≥2), as assessed by the central imaging laboratory for both SPECT and MDCT.~The 17-segment model for standardized myocardial segmentation was used for myocardial perfusion readings for SPECT and MDCT. At rest and stress, each segment was scored on a 0 to 4 scale according to the amount of contrast or radiotracer the myocardium in the segment absorbed:~0: normal perfusion~1: slightly reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~2: moderately reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~3: severely reduced contrast/radiotracer uptake~4: absent contrast/radiotracer uptake.~The median score from 3 blinded readers for each segment was used. If the stress score was ≥ 2 and the rest score was less than the stress score, the segment was counted as having a reversible defect. A participant was classified as ischemic in the presence of ≥ 2 segments with reversible defects, excluding segment 17." (NCT01334918)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 2
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECT: 0 - 1 Reversible defects | SPECT: ≥ 2 Reversible defects | SPECT: All Reversible defects | |
| CTP: ≥ 2 Reversible Defects | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| CTP: 0 - 1 Reversible Defects | 90 | 0 | 90 |
| CTP: All Reversible Defects | 101 | 4 | 105 |
Diagnostic efficacy of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI specificity versus SPECT specificity by majority rule in the detection of CAD using invasive coronary angiography as the truth standard, in subgroups: pharmacologic stress, females and BMI >/=30. Value represents the number of true negative, i.e. True Negative: Patients with normal MPI and disease negative by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true negatives (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET MPI specificity pharmacological stress | SPECT MPI specificity pharmacological stress | PET MPI specificity females | SPECT MPI specificity females | PET MPI specificity BMI >/=30 | SPECT MPI specificity BMI >/=30 | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .773 | .875 | .795 | .869 | .777 | .850 |
Overall summary of sensitivity for identifying multi-vessel disease between flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI and SPECT MPI by majority rule vs. truth standard (angio >/=50% stenosis and confirmed MI). Value reported is the number of true positives, i.e. True Positive: Patients with abnormal MPI and disease positive by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true positives (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI sensitivity; multivessel disease | SPECT MPI sensitivity; multivessel disease | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .410 | .275 |
Overall summary of specificity for identifying multi-vessel disease between flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI and SPECT MPI by majority rule vs. majority rule (angio >/=50% stenosis and confirmed MI). Value represents the number of true negative, i.e. True Negative: Patients with normal MPI and disease negative by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true negatives (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI specificity; multivessel disease | SPECT MPI specificity; multivessel disease | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .882 | .964 |
Overall summary of sensitivity of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI (qualitative image quality of excellent or good) vs. SPECT MPI by majority rule vs. truth standard(angio >/=50% stenosis and confirmed MI). Value reported is the number of true positives, i.e. True Positive: Patients with abnormal MPI and disease positive by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true positives (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI sensitivity; image quality excellent/good | SPECT MPI sensitivity image quality excellent/good | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .711 | .539 |
Overall summary of rest and stress image quality for flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI and SPECT MPI by majority rule. Value represents the number of subject images evaluated as excellent/good and fair/poor (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | percent of images (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest imaging quality PET MPI; excellent/good | Rest image quality SPECT MPI; excellent/good | Stress image quality PET MPI; excellent/good | Stress image quality SPECT MPI; excellent/good | Rest image quality PET MPI; fair/poor | Rest image quality SPECT MPI; fair/poor | stress image quality PET MPI; fair/poor | Stress image quality SPECT MPI; fair/poor | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .891 | .739 | .976 | .869 | .109 | .261 | .024 | .131 |
Overall specificity of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI in Coronary Territories (Qualitative Diagnosis) vs. SPECT MPI by majority rule vs. truth standard (angiographic stenosis greater than or equal to 50% stenosis and confirmed MI); left descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), and non - LAD. Value represents the number of true negative, i.e. True Negative: Patients with normal MPI and disease negative by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true negatives (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET specificity LAD | SPECT specificity LAD | PET specificity LCX | SPECT specificity LCX | PET specificity RCA | SPECT specificity RCA | PET specificity Non-LAD | SPECT specificity Non-LAD | |
| Flurpiridaz F 18 | .867 | .932 | .904 | .970 | .845 | .912 | .814 | .923 |
Overall sensitivity of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI in coronary territories (Qualitative Diagnosis vs. SPECT MPI by majority rule vs. truth standard (angiographic stenosis greater than or equal to 50% stenosis and confirmed MI); left descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), and non - LAD. Value reported is the number of true positives, i.e. True Positive: Patients with abnormal MPI and disease positive by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | Proportion of true positives (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET sensitivity LAD | SPECT sensitivity LAD | PET sensitivity LCX | SPECT sensitivity LCX | PET sensitivity RCA | SPECT sensitivity RCA | PET sensitivity Non-LAD | SPECT sensitivity Non-LAD | |
| Flurpiridaz F 18 | .495 | .333 | .398 | .251 | .596 | .476 | .627 | .464 |
Diagnostic efficacy of flurpiridaz PET MPI specificity versus SPECT MPI specificity by majority rule in the detection of CAD using invasive coronary angiography as the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | Proportion of true negatives (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI Specificity | SPECT MPI Specificity | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 | .762 | .868 |
"Diagnostic efficacy of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI sensitivity versus SPECT MPI sensitivity by majority rule in the detection of CAD using invasive coronary angiography as the truth standard, , in subgroups: pharmacologic stress, females and BMI >/=30. Value reported is the number of true positives, i.e. True Positive: Patients with abnormal MPI and disease positive by the truth standard~I" (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true postives (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET sensitivity pharmacologic stress | SPECT sensitivity pharmacologic stress | PET sensitivity in females | SPECT sensitivity in females | PET sensitivity BMI >/=30 | SPECT sensitivity BMI >/=30 | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | 0.736 | 0.533 | 0.644 | 0.356 | 0.722 | 0.533 |
Diagnostic efficacy of one day rest and stress flurpiridaz F 18 PET MPI sensitivity versus SPECT MPI sensitivity in the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) by majority rule using invasive coronary angiography as the truth standard, (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | Proportion of true positive cases (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI sensitivity | SPECT MPI Sensitivity | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .719 | .537 |
Overall summary of specificity of flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI (qualitative, image quality excellent or good) vs. SPECT MPI by majority rule vs truth standard (angio >/=50% stenosis and confirmed MI). Value represents the number of true negative, i.e. True Negative: Patients with normal MPI and disease negative by the truth standard (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of true negatives (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| PET MPI specificity; image quality excellent/good | SPECT MPI specificity image quality excellent/good | |
| Flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI | .769 | .880 |
Overall summary of diagnostic certainty in flurpiridaz F18 PET MPI and SPECT MPI by majority rule (NCT01347710)
Timeframe: 60 days
| Intervention | proportion of patients (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET definitely normal/abnormal | PET probably/equivocal | SPECT definitely normal/abnormal | SPECT probably/equivocal | |
| Flurpiridaz F 18 | 0.862 | 0.138 | 0.799 | 0.201 |
Each reconstructed image was subjectively scored by the expert readers to determine the expert reader's diagnostic confidence in scoring and interpreting the perfusion scores. The Diagnostic Confidence Score of the reconstructed images were graded on a 4-point scale. (1=Poor; 2=Fair; 3=Good; and 4=Excellent). (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Half-dose WBR | 2.5 |
| Half-dose FBP | 2.7 |
| Full-dose FBP | 3.0 |
Each reconstructed image was subjectively scored by the expert readers to determine the overall image quality. The Image Quality Score of the reconstructed images were graded on a 4-point scale. (1=Poor; 2=Fair; 3=Good; and 4=Excellent). (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Half-dose WBR | 2.3 |
| Half-dose FBP | 2.6 |
| Full-dose FBP | 3.0 |
Time in minutes between doses of resting Tc-99m sestamibi doses and image scanning. (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Injection 1 to Scan 1 | 30.0 |
| Injection 2 to Scan 2 | 33.1 |
| Injection 1 to Injection 2 | 56.7 |
Amount of the standard, clinically-accepted, full-dose Tc-99m sestamibi dose administered (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | millicurie (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Study Group | 9.08 |
Left ventricular myocardium was divided into standardized 17-segments with 6 equiangular segments in the basal region, 6 equiangular segments in the mid region, 4 equiangular segments in the apical regions, and 1 region in the apex (Cerqueira MD, et al., J Nucl Cardiol 2002;9:240-5). Each segment was scored on a scale from 0 to 4 to indicate the severity of the perfusion defect (0=no perfusion defect; 1=mild perfusion defect; 2=moderate perfusion defect; 3=severe perfusion defect; and 4=absent perfusion). The number of segments with a score of 1 or greater were summed to obtain the number of segments with a resting perfusion defect. (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | segments (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Half-dose WBR | 4.6 |
| Half-dose FBP | 4.0 |
| Full-dose FBP | 3.8 |
Left ventricular myocardium was divided into standardized 17-segments with 6 equiangular segments in the basal region, 6 equiangular segments in the mid region, 4 equiangular segments in the apical regions, and 1 region in the apex (Cerqueira MD, et al., J Nucl Cardiol 2002;9:240-5). Each segment was scored on a scale from 0 to 4 to indicate the severity of the perfusion defect (0=no perfusion defect; 1=mild perfusion defect; 2=moderate perfusion defect; 3=severe perfusion defect; and 4=absent perfusion). The scores over 17 segments were summed to report the Sum Rest Score (SRS), ie. the greater the SRS, the larger the perfusion defect. (NCT01499654)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Half-dose WBR | 8.1 |
| Half-dose FBP | 6.7 |
| Full-dose FBP | 6.5 |
Biopsy rate = number of participants who had a biopsy/number of number of participants analyzed. (NCT01925170)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and MBI
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 1.3 |
| Mammography With Adjunct MBI | 4.2 |
| Molecular Breast Imaging Alone | 3.2 |
Recall rate was defined as the percentage of participants recalled for follow-up studies initiated because of abnormal findings with mammography or MBI. (NCT01925170)
Timeframe: 12 months after mammography and MBI
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 11.0 |
| Mammography With Adjunct MBI | 17.6 |
| Molecular Breast Imaging Alone | 7.5 |
Sensitivity measures the percentage of actual positives which are correctly identified as such. (NCT01925170)
Timeframe: Within 21 days of mammography
| Intervention | percentage of actual positives (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 23.8 |
| Mammography With Adjunct MBI | 90.5 |
| Molecular Breast Imaging Alone | 81.0 |
Specificity measures the percentage of negatives which are correctly identified as such. (NCT01925170)
Timeframe: Within 21 days of mammography
| Intervention | percentage of true negatives (Number) |
|---|---|
| Mammography Only | 89.1 |
| Mammography With Adjunct MBI | 83.4 |
| Molecular Breast Imaging Alone | 93.5 |
The cancer detection rate per 1000 women screened is the estimate of the number of women with positive results from a screening test. (NCT01925170)
Timeframe: Within 21 days of mammography
| Intervention | cancers per 1000 women screened (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All densities | Scattered fibroglandular densities | Heterogeneously dense | Extremely dense | |
| Mammography Only | 3.2 | 0 | 3.3 | 4.5 |
| Mammography With Adjunct MBI | 12.0 | 21.0 | 10.6 | 13.6 |
| Molecular Breast Imaging Alone | 10.7 | 21.0 | 9.0 | 13.6 |
Any area of radioactivity will be graded by a team of two blinded nuclear medicine physicians to determine if the uptake focus is metastatic disease. (NCT03065218)
Timeframe: 1 year
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| 99mTc Sestamilbi | 1 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 5.48 | 8 | 2 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| choline [no description available] | 11.15 | 35 | 2 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 4.13 | 4 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers. | 4.11 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 7.63 | 13 | 4 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| phenol [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| thymine [no description available] | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| 5-dimethylamiloride 5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 7.42 | 11 | 2 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 10.85 | 15 | 13 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| caffeine [no description available] | 4.41 | 1 | 1 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 4.31 | 19 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 4.36 | 2 | 2 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 4.79 | 10 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 17.19 | 228 | 31 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 7.11 | 12 | 3 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 2 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; phospholipid | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hypericin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography. | 3.36 | 2 | 0 | organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123. | 3.86 | 3 | 0 | ||
| iopanoic acid Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid. | 3.14 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lomustine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 5.49 | 4 | 4 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 6.43 | 12 | 4 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| phloretin [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 3.62 | 3 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
| iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 10.98 | 15 | 14 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 2 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 4.9 | 8 | 1 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 4.78 | 2 | 1 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 4.08 | 3 | 1 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.93 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 4.4 | 2 | 2 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 4.37 | 6 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt | chelator |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 8.52 | 15 | 2 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| mannitol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 6.56 | 11 | 5 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.85 | 3 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor |
| tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | organic cation | |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 4.08 | 3 | 1 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| perfluorobutane perfluorobutane: component of the echo contrast agent, BR14, which consists of perfluorobutane gas microbubbles. perflubutane : A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14. | 5.96 | 7 | 4 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon; gas molecular entity | ultrasound contrast agent |
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 3.92 | 3 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| violacein [no description available] | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems. | 3.55 | 2 | 0 | carbonate salt; lithium salt | antimanic drug |
| docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
| triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; tertiary phosphine | NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent |
| s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 5.25 | 6 | 2 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 5.58 | 3 | 2 | aromatic amine | |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 9.7 | 73 | 1 | manganese group element atom | |
| terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92. | 2 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 6.44 | 25 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 5.21 | 15 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt | fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| cesium iodide cesium iodide: X-ray image intensifier | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thallium chloride thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 10.93 | 48 | 9 | inorganic chloride; thallium molecular entity | |
| poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | epoxide | |
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| monoethylcholine monoethylcholine: competitively inhibits transport of choline; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.82 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium 99m Technegas: ultrafine ventilatory agent; produced from technetium pertechnetate and graphite in an argon environment | 2.82 | 2 | 0 | technetium atom | |
| isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 5.49 | 4 | 4 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| fluoroboric acid [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | boron fluoride | |
| iodine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 4.09 | 3 | 1 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 4.04 | 2 | 1 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation | 4.33 | 4 | 1 | ||
| glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | glucaric acid | antineoplastic agent |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| gallium citrate [no description available] | 5 | 7 | 0 | ||
| nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | polycyclic ether | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 7.85 | 12 | 4 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etoposide [no description available] | 6.02 | 10 | 3 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 15.46 | 151 | 21 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| vindesine Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
| epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 6.93 | 10 | 3 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. | 3.69 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| dopexamine dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | (18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa | |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 10.98 | 15 | 14 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| technetium tc 99m mertiatide Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | ||
| arbutamine arbutamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 4.77 | 7 | 1 | catecholamine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| 3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase. | 11.47 | 41 | 7 | organoiodine compound | |
| simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group. | 4.4 | 2 | 2 | L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 15.73 | 125 | 24 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
| 1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 16.16 | 202 | 22 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 4.36 | 1 | 1 | polypeptide | |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | catechols; L-tyrosine derivative | antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent |
| glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-thiazoline-4'-carboxylic acid 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole having a carboxy group at the 4-position. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | imidothioate; monocarboxylic acid | |
| 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl. | 2 | 1 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine | human metabolite |
| fotemustine fotemustine: structure given in first source. fotemustine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.. diethyl (1-{[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is ethyl diethylphosphonate in the hydrogen at position 1 of the ethyl group attached to the phosphorus has been replaced by a [(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound | |
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| n-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: found in human urine | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| propionylcarnitine propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | O-acylcarnitine | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cardiotonic drug; human metabolite; peripheral nervous system drug |
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| s 9788 S 9788: structure given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-n-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide 3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide: a dopamine receptor imaging agent; RN refers to (S)-isomer; RN & structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| asiaticoside [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 7.95 | 51 | 0 | ||
| 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; pyrazines | |
| cp 65,526 azidoprazosin: labeled with 125I | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginsenoside rh2 ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| iodofiltic acid iodofiltic acid: labeled with 123 I for myocardial imaging; RN given refers to unlabeled, non-isomeric cpd | 10.26 | 49 | 7 | ||
| elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gefitinib [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| 3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine 3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine: used for SPECT imaging of brain tumors; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without stereoisomeric designation | 5.98 | 4 | 2 | ||
| technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate: bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical | 6.63 | 16 | 1 | ||
| omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid: imaging agent; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 5.73 | 6 | 1 | ||
| n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine: a synthetic laminin pentapeptide | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 15-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid 15-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid: labeled with 123I for myocardial imaging; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile [no description available] | 4.09 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 14-fluoro-6-thiaheptadecanoic acid 14-fluoro-6-thiaheptadecanoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given is for 18F labelled cpd | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fulvene fulvene: structure. fulvene : An organic cyclic compound that consists of cyclopentadiene bearing a methylene substituent. The parent of the class of fulvenes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | fulvenes | |
| docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. | 4.67 | 3 | 2 | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| tariquidar [no description available] | 6.67 | 3 | 2 | benzamides | |
| cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group. | 5.44 | 4 | 1 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound | calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor |
| tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation | |
| technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents. | 6.74 | 10 | 2 | ||
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 5.66 | 10 | 2 | ||
| erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound | antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor |
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| antalarmin antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM). | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist |
| dofequidar dofequidar: structure given in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| regadenoson [no description available] | 6.26 | 7 | 1 | purine nucleoside | |
| fluorocholine fluorocholine: a radiopharmaceutical agent | 9.14 | 24 | 1 | ||
| n,n-dimethyl-n-(18f)fluoromethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium [no description available] | 4 | 3 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | 4.49 | 5 | 1 | ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| carbon-11 acetate carbon-11 acetate: a tracer of myocardial oxygen consumption | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| potassium perchlorate potassium perchlorate: thyroid antagonist; structure | 4.19 | 5 | 0 | ||
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE. | 4.36 | 1 | 1 | cyclic peptide | |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 3.98 | 2 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid | chelator |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 4.76 | 2 | 1 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| ly335979 [no description available] | 4.02 | 2 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| biricodar biricodar: a non-macrocyclic ligand for FKBP12; structure in first source | 4.9 | 2 | 1 | alpha-amino acid ester | |
| ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid | adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent |
| rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene. | 6.76 | 7 | 2 | organic cation; xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215 | 7.35 | 13 | 1 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sphingoid 1-phosphate | mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | menaquinone | bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| su 11248 [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 3.86 | 2 | 1 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 4.37 | 3 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 11.53 | 61 | 11 | boron group element atom | |
| gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 5 | 7 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| musk musk: pure essence from secretion of preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus L. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| thallium-201 thallium-201 : The radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 200.9708 and half-life of 72.912 hours. | 4.71 | 7 | 0 | thallium | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 5.2 | 11 | 1 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical |
| rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 6.3 | 22 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | |
| maxacalcitol maxacalcitol: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| laniquidar laniquidar: structure in first source | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m pyrophosphate Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate: A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities. | 7.18 | 9 | 1 | ||
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 5.8 | 21 | 1 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| taxane taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| atl 146e BMS-068645: structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m diphosphonate technetium Tc 99m diphosphonate: bone seeking radiopharmaceutical whose concentration in bone depends upon regional blood flow & bone metabolism | 4.06 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ro 16-0154 iomazenil: potential benzodiazepine receptor imaging tracer for SPECT; structure given in first source; RN given refers to 123I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 10/90 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bms 747158-02 BMS 747158-02: a PET myocardial imaging agent; structure in first source | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m disofenin Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin: A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m mebrofenin technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin: hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. | 6.79 | 11 | 1 | ||
| wk-x-34 WK-X-34: inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein); structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
| rifamycins [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbon-11 methionine carbon-11 methionine: RN refers to L-methionine labeled with carbon-11 | 7.16 | 8 | 2 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 4.08 | 3 | 1 | polypeptide | |
| (dtpa-phe(1))-octreotide SDZ 215-811: potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints. | 12.3 | 111 | 10 | ||
| sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| gadofosveset trisodium gadofosveset trisodium: a low molecular weight molecule chelated to Gadolinium, that strongly binds to plasma proteins; Vasovist is an injectable for imaging the vascular system by magnetic resonance angiography | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 6.31 | 8 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 5.4 | 4 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m gluceptate [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. | 5.6 | 9 | 2 | polypeptide | |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| technetium tc 99m lidofenin Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m depreotide technetium Tc 99m depreotide: Tc-99m-labeled somatostatin | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen. | 5.44 | 4 | 1 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 5.01 | 9 | 1 | ||
| technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms. | 10.98 | 69 | 8 | ||
| technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin [no description available] | 16.2 | 175 | 20 | ||
| technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex. | 6.35 | 21 | 2 | ||
| 68ga-dotanoc 68Ga-DOTANOC: a PET imaging compound specific to somatostatin receptors subtypes 2 and 5; no further info available 10/2005 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
| clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | dibenzodiazepine | |
| technetium tc 99m bicisate [no description available] | 3.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available] | 0 | 19.81 | 848 | 39 |
| Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. | 0 | 19.81 | 848 | 39 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 24.62 | 808 | 308 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 24.62 | 808 | 308 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 18.76 | 678 | 34 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 18.76 | 678 | 34 |
| Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 18.86 | 552 | 40 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 24.26 | 1,221 | 193 |
| Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 17.71 | 393 | 12 |
| Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION. | 0 | 17.71 | 393 | 12 |
| Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available] | 0 | 11.31 | 59 | 14 |
| Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells. | 0 | 8.62 | 26 | 4 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 8.63 | 24 | 1 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 9.66 | 30 | 2 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 8.63 | 24 | 1 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 9.66 | 30 | 2 |
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13). | 0 | 6.81 | 23 | 1 |
| Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 13.15 | 111 | 16 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 10.67 | 101 | 9 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 14.75 | 187 | 16 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 14.75 | 187 | 16 |
| Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR). | 0 | 11.91 | 87 | 8 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 21.01 | 485 | 62 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 21.01 | 485 | 62 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 11.58 | 102 | 9 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 11.58 | 102 | 9 |
| Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 12 | 27 | 19 |
| Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 18.61 | 310 | 61 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 18.61 | 310 | 61 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 8.44 | 21 | 3 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 8.44 | 21 | 3 |
| Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. | 0 | 6.66 | 11 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 3.88 | 4 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Nodular Goiter [description not available] | 0 | 8.33 | 24 | 2 |
| Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS. | 0 | 8.33 | 24 | 2 |
| Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 13.34 | 120 | 11 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 10.33 | 51 | 8 |
| Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY. | 0 | 13.34 | 120 | 11 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 10.33 | 51 | 8 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 4 | 1 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 4.36 | 4 | 1 |
| Argentaffinoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182) | 0 | 4.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 10.37 | 43 | 6 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 10.37 | 43 | 6 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 5.99 | 14 | 2 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.69 | 21 | 3 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 7.69 | 21 | 3 |
| Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.35 | 31 | 4 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 7 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.35 | 31 | 4 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 10.41 | 42 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 10.41 | 42 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 3.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 10.43 | 21 | 8 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 8.04 | 12 | 3 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 5.92 | 15 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 19.23 | 351 | 52 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 5.92 | 15 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 19.23 | 351 | 52 |
| Aspergillus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Agenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer, Second Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 7.84 | 65 | 0 |
| Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. | 0 | 7.84 | 65 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 10.71 | 53 | 3 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 10.71 | 53 | 3 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 7.24 | 36 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 12.49 | 90 | 10 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 12.49 | 90 | 10 |
| Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 10 | 1 |
| Cushing's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 12.99 | 141 | 17 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 10.77 | 34 | 4 |
| Multiple Pulmonary Nodules A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 12.99 | 141 | 17 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 10.77 | 34 | 4 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 8.09 | 48 | 0 |
| Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 6.43 | 15 | 1 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 19.34 | 194 | 172 |
| Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 6.43 | 15 | 1 |
| Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome. | 0 | 3.17 | 5 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone. | 0 | 3.17 | 5 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM. | 0 | 3.73 | 10 | 0 |
| Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77) | 0 | 3.64 | 1 | 1 |
| Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures. | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
| Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors. | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 10.84 | 48 | 4 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 10.84 | 48 | 4 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 3.77 | 10 | 0 |
| Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Bronchospasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Precordial Catch [description not available] | 0 | 15.51 | 112 | 8 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. | 0 | 15.51 | 112 | 8 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress. | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function. | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 5.3 | 12 | 1 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 5.36 | 7 | 2 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 5.3 | 12 | 1 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). | 0 | 5.36 | 7 | 2 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 13.2 | 37 | 19 |
| Dyslipidemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Eisenmenger Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Eisenmenger Complex A condition associated with VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT and other congenital heart defects that allow the mixing of pulmonary and systemic circulation, increase blood flow into the lung, and subsequent responses to low oxygen in blood. This complex is characterized by progressive PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY of the RIGHT VENTRICLE; CYANOSIS; and ERYTHROCYTOSIS. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Eventration A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available] | 0 | 8.01 | 49 | 1 |
| Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM. | 0 | 8.01 | 49 | 1 |
| ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 5 | 0 |
| Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 2 | 1 |
| Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 3.3 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 13.23 | 47 | 10 |
| Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction. | 0 | 3.93 | 2 | 1 |
| Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 4.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST. | 0 | 10.74 | 64 | 6 |
| Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 5.37 | 13 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. | 0 | 5.37 | 13 | 1 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 9.81 | 48 | 3 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 9.81 | 48 | 3 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 22.09 | 684 | 90 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 22.09 | 684 | 90 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 18.46 | 225 | 68 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 10.43 | 47 | 7 |
| Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 17 | 1 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 10.43 | 47 | 7 |
| Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 5.6 | 17 | 1 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 18.46 | 225 | 68 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 13.7 | 108 | 7 |
| Esophageal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Contusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 11.54 | 62 | 14 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 11.54 | 62 | 14 |
| Angina Pectoris, Stable [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Angina, Stable Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 3.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Aberrant Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 8.22 | 97 | 0 |
| Dextrocardia A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 9.93 | 44 | 6 |
| Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery. | 0 | 9.93 | 44 | 6 |
| Infections, Coronavirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
| Diverticula, Esophageal [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 9 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 3.65 | 9 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available] | 0 | 4.23 | 3 | 1 |
| Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available] | 0 | 8.7 | 39 | 3 |
| Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others. | 0 | 6.94 | 16 | 1 |
| Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction. | 0 | 4.23 | 3 | 1 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 0 |
| Transposition of Great Vessels A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants. | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 12.04 | 80 | 14 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 8.35 | 27 | 3 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 12.04 | 80 | 14 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 8.35 | 27 | 3 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 7.19 | 19 | 2 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 7.19 | 19 | 2 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 3.45 | 7 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 3.45 | 7 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 7 | 1 |
| Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. | 0 | 4.78 | 7 | 1 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 4.84 | 7 | 1 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 7.89 | 27 | 3 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 7.89 | 27 | 3 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available] | 0 | 7.19 | 19 | 2 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). | 0 | 7.19 | 19 | 2 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 13.43 | 122 | 17 |
| Chronic Liver Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 9 | 0 |
| Fractures, Multiple Injuries involving the breaking of either several bones or one bone in two or more places. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 5.04 | 9 | 0 |
| Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available] | 0 | 7.88 | 21 | 4 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 5.33 | 13 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 5.33 | 13 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 9.73 | 50 | 5 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 3.63 | 9 | 0 |
| Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS. | 0 | 2.87 | 3 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 11.27 | 52 | 3 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 11.27 | 52 | 3 |
| Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 6.26 | 13 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 10.47 | 22 | 5 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 10.47 | 22 | 5 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Salivary Gland Calculi Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available] | 0 | 5.45 | 5 | 1 |
| Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic. | 0 | 5.45 | 5 | 1 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Parathyroid Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 9.15 | 35 | 2 |
| Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body. | 0 | 9.15 | 35 | 2 |
| Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 5 | 0 |
| Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.84 | 12 | 2 |
| Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 5.84 | 12 | 2 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY. | 0 | 4.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 9.62 | 39 | 3 |
| Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available] | 0 | 4.1 | 15 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thymus [description not available] | 0 | 5.29 | 20 | 0 |
| Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.1 | 15 | 0 |
| Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND. | 0 | 5.29 | 20 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 8.42 | 29 | 5 |
| Diabetic Feet [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 10 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 3.74 | 10 | 0 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 13.43 | 87 | 19 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 13.43 | 87 | 19 |
| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia A congenital cardiomyopathy that is characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the RIGHT VENTRICLE wall and loss of myocardial cells. Primary injuries usually are at the free wall of right ventricular and right atria resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 5.29 | 12 | 1 |
| Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Margins of Excision The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified. | 0 | 5.93 | 24 | 1 |
| Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Mediastinal Cyst Cysts of one of the parts of the mediastinum: the superior part, containing the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct and thymus organs; the inferior middle part, containing the pericardium; the inferior anterior part containing some lymph nodes; and the inferior posterior part, containing the thoracic duct and esophagus. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Kawasaki Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 11 | 2 |
| Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities. | 0 | 5.76 | 11 | 2 |
| Acute Cholecystitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 3.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 7.08 | 13 | 1 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 8.13 | 27 | 4 |
| alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 8.13 | 27 | 4 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 13 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 3.96 | 13 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.9 | 25 | 2 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 7.9 | 25 | 2 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 6.88 | 14 | 2 |
| Adhalinopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 3.45 | 7 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 8.31 | 26 | 5 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 8.31 | 26 | 5 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 7.22 | 36 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 7.22 | 36 | 1 |
| Extrasystole, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycogenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 11.85 | 42 | 1 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 6.7 | 21 | 1 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 7.24 | 14 | 3 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 7.24 | 14 | 3 |
| Cardiac Death [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 14 | 2 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 5.98 | 14 | 2 |
| Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 5.71 | 7 | 1 |
| Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement. | 0 | 5.71 | 7 | 1 |
| Aldosteronism [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 6.26 | 19 | 2 |
| Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. | 0 | 6.26 | 19 | 2 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 4.51 | 5 | 1 |
| Adult Rickets [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Ductal Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND. | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 5.46 | 8 | 2 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 5.46 | 8 | 2 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 11.78 | 36 | 11 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 11.78 | 36 | 11 |
| Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Diseases of Pharynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Duodenal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Angina at Rest [description not available] | 0 | 11.92 | 40 | 6 |
| Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 11.92 | 40 | 6 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 5.41 | 5 | 1 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.03 | 18 | 1 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 5.02 | 3 | 1 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 7.03 | 18 | 1 |
| Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Solitary Fibrous Tumors Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 6 | 1 |
| Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 9.1 | 31 | 6 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 5.71 | 7 | 3 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 5.71 | 7 | 3 |
| Aneurysm, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 4.65 | 6 | 1 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 5.36 | 8 | 0 |
| Intra-Abdominal Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraabdominal Infections Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
| Benign Monoclonal Gammopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 5 | 1 |
| Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites. | 0 | 5.42 | 5 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast. | 0 | 7.48 | 18 | 3 |
| Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Bradyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Genu Valga [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Currarino-Silverman Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Stress Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypomelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 4.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 4.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 4.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 6.34 | 5 | 1 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. | 0 | 5.89 | 5 | 1 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 6.34 | 5 | 1 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Infective Endocarditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 5.61 | 6 | 1 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 5.61 | 6 | 1 |
| Atypical Lipoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction. | 0 | 5.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytosis, Sinus Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Choroid Plexus Papilloma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Flutter [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Atrial Flutter Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Cardiac Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.97 | 5 | 2 |
| Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 5.97 | 5 | 2 |
| Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause. | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Cardiovascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Abnormalities Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 4.91 | 8 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 4.91 | 8 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pharynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 4.79 | 12 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 |
| Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| MEA 2a [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 6.65 | 11 | 2 |
| Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. | 0 | 6.65 | 11 | 2 |
| Atresia, Biliary [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Atresia Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW. | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available] | 0 | 6.75 | 7 | 2 |
| Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. | 0 | 6.75 | 7 | 2 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Thalassemias [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271) | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 6.48 | 9 | 2 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 6.48 | 9 | 2 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 5.01 | 9 | 1 |
| Choroid Plexus Neoplasms, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Choroid Plexus Neoplasms Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA. | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 5.9 | 13 | 2 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 5.9 | 13 | 2 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 4.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 4.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Bridging A malformation that is characterized by a muscle bridge over a segment of the CORONARY ARTERIES. Systolic contractions of the muscle bridge can lead to narrowing of coronary artery; coronary compression; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Prediabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 4.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Charcot's Joint [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthropathy, Neurogenic Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. | 0 | 5.57 | 6 | 1 |
| Nasopharyngitis Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Exanthem [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| ADPKD [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer, Male [description not available] | 0 | 3.88 | 12 | 0 |
| Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females. | 0 | 3.88 | 12 | 0 |
| Osteoradionecrosis Necrosis of bone following radiation injury. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| African Sleeping Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. | 0 | 6.2 | 18 | 2 |
| Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Demineralization, Pathologic Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 4.93 | 14 | 0 |
| Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN. | 0 | 7.81 | 6 | 4 |
| Systolic Heart Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
| Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle Extra impulse-conducting tissue in the heart that creates abnormal impulse-conducting connections between HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES. | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
| Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
| Beuren Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Crow-Fukase Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bone Marrow [description not available] | 0 | 7.19 | 10 | 4 |
| POEMS Syndrome A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62) | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Marrow Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic. | 0 | 7.19 | 10 | 4 |
| Bronchial Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Renal Colic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Colic A severe intermittent and spasmodic pain in the lower back radiating to the groin, scrotum, and labia which is most commonly caused by a kidney stone (RENAL CALCULUS) passing through the URETER or by other urinary track blockage. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, restlessness, dull pain, frequent urination, and HEMATURIA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney, Polycystic [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Mouth Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Epulides, Giant Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.51 | 8 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Giant Cell A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw. | 0 | 3.51 | 8 | 0 |
| Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Ewing Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenosis of Breast [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency. | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Mesenchymoma A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Endemic Goiter [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
| A-V Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
| Varices [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 5.45 | 8 | 2 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 6.18 | 12 | 3 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 6.18 | 12 | 3 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 5.65 | 10 | 2 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 11 | 0 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 3.79 | 11 | 0 |
| Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of ILEUM [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneuploid [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655) | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 9.51 | 15 | 4 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 9.51 | 15 | 4 |
| Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX. | 0 | 6.64 | 12 | 1 |
| Albright Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Adnexal Diseases Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| CKD-MBD [description not available] | 0 | 4.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders. | 0 | 4.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Burns, Electric Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Situs Inversus A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Epiphyses, Slipped A complete or partial separation of the EPIPHYSES from the DIAPHYSES. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| De Quervain Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroiditis, Subacute Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the THYROID GLAND, characterized by FEVER; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; SORE THROAT; severe thyroid PAIN; and an enlarged damaged gland containing GIANT CELLS. The disease frequently follows a viral infection. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Femoral Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR. | 0 | 5.4 | 5 | 1 |
| Fibroadenoma An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 5.44 | 8 | 2 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 7.04 | 23 | 4 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 7.04 | 23 | 4 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 12 | 2 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 6.73 | 12 | 2 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 4.65 | 3 | 2 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
| Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Bone Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 4.77 | 7 | 1 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 7.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Adipose Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Chylopericardium [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 4.87 | 4 | 2 |
| Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells. | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Cystosarcoma Phyllodes [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 6.43 | 23 | 2 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 6.43 | 23 | 2 |
| Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Duncan Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available] | 0 | 5.09 | 10 | 1 |
| Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. | 0 | 5.09 | 10 | 1 |
| Angiofibroma A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| High T4 Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Euthyroid Sick Syndromes Conditions of abnormal THYROID HORMONES release in patients with apparently normal THYROID GLAND during severe systemic illness, physical TRAUMA, and psychiatric disturbances. It can be caused by the loss of endogenous hypothalamic input or by exogenous drug effects. The most common abnormality results in low T3 THYROID HORMONE with progressive decrease in THYROXINE; (T4) and TSH. Elevated T4 with normal T3 may be seen in diseases in which THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN synthesis and release are increased. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 9.64 | 9 | 9 |
| Atrial Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Arterio-Arterial Fistula Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer, Embryonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 4.86 | 4 | 2 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Free Wall Rupture [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Giant Osteoid Osteoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Lightning [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Diarrheogenic Islet Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Goiter, Intrathoracic A goiter that grows behind the STERNUM and CLAVICLE. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Basilar Steal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.07 | 10 | 1 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 5.07 | 10 | 1 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Constrictive Pericarditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Giant Cell An epithelial neoplasm characterized by unusually large anaplastic cells. It is highly malignant with fulminant clinical course, bizarre histologic appearance and poor prognosis. It is most common in the lung and thyroid. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortitis Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| AIDS-Associated Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, AIDS-Related B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Prinzmetal Angina [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
| Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
| Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Torsade de Pointes [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431) | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Island Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Ectopic ACTH Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic Symptom complex due to ACTH production by non-pituitary neoplasms. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Reflux Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Acoustic Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Maxillary Sinus [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythremia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Parotid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Atresia, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibroma A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Glenoid Labral Tears [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Rotator Cuff Injuries Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Seminoma A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| P carinii Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Skull [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease Pathological process resulting in the fibrous obstruction of the small- and medium-sized PULMONARY VEINS and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Veno-occlusion can arise from fibrous proliferation of the VASCULAR INTIMA and VASCULAR MEDIA; THROMBOSIS; or a combination of both. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangliocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Cocaine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aseptic Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Mammary Paget Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia, Reactive Lymphoid [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Castleman Disease Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Mole, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Conjunctival Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenofibroma A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pelvis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Synovioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurilemoma [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| African Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Leg [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part A variety of rare sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumor, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck regions of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1365) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Actinomyces Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |