acetaminophen and Hepatic Encephalopathy studies

Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.

Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity can result in hyperammonemia, but it is not clear if elevated ammonia concentrations predict encephalopathy."	8.12	Hyperammonemia in acetaminophen toxicity. ( Marino, RT; Sidlak, AM, 2022)
"In cases of severe acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplant can be the only real hope for neurologic recovery and indeed survival."	7.80	Liver transplant for intentional acetaminophen overdose and hepatic encephalopathy: a conflict between beneficence and justice. ( Tolchin, BD; Willey, JZ, 2014)
"Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 hepatic encephalopathy from acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure."	7.73	Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE, 2006)
"The induction with 20-methylcholanthrene, glutathione depletion with buthionine sulfoxime, and subcutaneous administration of acetaminophen have led to the development of an animal model that parallels clinical, biochemical, and histological features of human hepatic failure."	7.71	A novel model of acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in rabbits. ( Hodgson, HJ; Rahman, TM; Selden, AC, 2002)
"The prince of Wales Hospital is in a unique position for the study of the actual incidence of acetaminophen poisoning in Hong Kong because it is the sole general teaching hospital in the New Territories East and the age and sex distribution of the population in the region are readily available."	7.69	The epidemiology of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning in Hong Kong. ( Chan, TY, 1996)
" In cases of massive acetaminophen overdose, standard acetylcysteine dosing may not be adequate."	5.37	Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose. ( Bagdure, D; Heard, K; Monte, A; Wang, GS, 2011)
" There are many underlying etiologies, including acetaminophen toxicity, drug induced liver injury, and hepatitis."	5.01	Acute liver failure: A review for emergency physicians. ( Koyfman, A; Long, B; Montrief, T, 2019)
"Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity can result in hyperammonemia, but it is not clear if elevated ammonia concentrations predict encephalopathy."	4.12	Hyperammonemia in acetaminophen toxicity. ( Marino, RT; Sidlak, AM, 2022)
"In cases of severe acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplant can be the only real hope for neurologic recovery and indeed survival."	3.80	Liver transplant for intentional acetaminophen overdose and hepatic encephalopathy: a conflict between beneficence and justice. ( Tolchin, BD; Willey, JZ, 2014)
"Macrophage activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (POD)."	3.79	Serum neopterin and soluble CD163 as markers of macrophage activation in paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced human acute liver injury. ( Craig, DG; Hayes, PC; Lee, P; Pryde, EA; Simpson, KJ, 2013)
"In acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF), the hepatic coma grade worsens and mortality rates increase, as the number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome components fulfilled (SIRS score) increases."	3.78	SIRS score reflects clinical features of non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure with hepatic coma. ( Ikeda, F; Miyake, Y; Nouso, K; Takaki, A; Yamamoto, K; Yasunaka, T, 2012)
"We describe a 36 year old patient with ALF and brain edema from acetaminophen overdose who had an EVD placed for ICP monitoring and management."	3.77	Emergent, controlled lumbar drainage for intracranial pressure monitoring during orthotopic liver transplantation. ( Arasi, L; Bacani, CJ; Canabal, JC; Di Trapani, RA; Freeman, WD; Shine, T; Willingham, DL, 2011)
"Data were collected early after admission and again at the time of onset of grade 3-4 hepatic encephalopathy from acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure."	3.73	Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE, 2006)
" As the two patients had developed hepatic encephalopathy they were treated with mannitol to reduce intra-cerebral oedema."	3.72	Renal transplants from non-heart beating paracetamol overdose donors. ( Bhatti, A; Gok, MA; Gupta, A; Olschewski, P; Robertson, H; Shenton, BK; Soomro, N; Talbot, D, 2004)
"The induction with 20-methylcholanthrene, glutathione depletion with buthionine sulfoxime, and subcutaneous administration of acetaminophen have led to the development of an animal model that parallels clinical, biochemical, and histological features of human hepatic failure."	3.71	A novel model of acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in rabbits. ( Hodgson, HJ; Rahman, TM; Selden, AC, 2002)
"Acetaminophen overdose and idiosyncratic drug reactions have replaced viral hepatitis as the most frequent apparent causes of acute liver failure."	3.71	Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. ( Blei, AT; Crippin, JS; Davern, TJ; Fontana, RJ; Han, SH; Hay, JE; Hynan, L; Larson, A; Lee, WM; McCashland, TM; Ostapowicz, G; Reisch, J; Samuel, G; Schiødt, FV; Shakil, AO, 2002)
"High levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are associated with an increased risk of severe encephalopathy in acute liver failure, and experimental studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays a role in the development of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced liver injury and associated multiple organ failure."	3.70	Tumor necrosis factor genomic polymorphism and outcome of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced acute liver failure. ( Bernal, W; Donaldson, P; Underhill, J; Wendon, J; Williams, R, 1998)
"The prince of Wales Hospital is in a unique position for the study of the actual incidence of acetaminophen poisoning in Hong Kong because it is the sole general teaching hospital in the New Territories East and the age and sex distribution of the population in the region are readily available."	3.69	The epidemiology of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning in Hong Kong. ( Chan, TY, 1996)
"In this retrospective study we evaluated the frequency of complications in 108 patients with acetaminophen poisoning admitted to the Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen from 1."	3.69	[Paracetamol poisoning at a department of hepatology]. ( Clemmesen, JO; Hansen, BA; Larsen, FS; Ott, P, 1995)
"We report a case of fulminant hepatic necrosis occurring in the setting of acetaminophen overdose and chronic alcohol use."	3.67	Long-term sequellae of acetaminophen-associated fulminant hepatic failure: relevance of early histology. ( Baeg, NJ; Bodenheimer, HC; Burchard, K, 1988)
"In a prospective, double-blind trial, acute liver failure patients without clinical or historical evidence of acetaminophen overdose were stratified by site and coma grade and assigned randomly to groups that were given NAC or placebo (dextrose) infusion for 72 hours."	2.74	Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. ( Davern, TJ; Fontana, RJ; Hynan, LS; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; McCashland, T; Murray, NG; Reisch, JS; Robuck, PR; Rossaro, L; Stravitz, RT, 2009)
"Cerebral edema is a cardinal feature and may produce uncal herniation, yielding brain stem compression and death."	2.48	Acute liver failure. ( Lee, WM, 2012)
"Acute liver failure is a rare disorder with high mortality and resource cost."	2.46	Acute liver failure. ( Auzinger, G; Bernal, W; Dhawan, A; Wendon, J, 2010)
"Mechanical hyperventilation has a prompt effect on intracranial pressure."	2.44	The effect of hyperventilation upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. ( Strauss, GI, 2007)
"A sudden onset, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, and multiorgan failure are the hallmarks of this syndrome."	2.40	Fulminant hepatic failure. ( Kramer, DJ; Mazariegos, GV; Shakil, AO, 1999)
"Sepsis and acute liver failure are associated with severe endogenous intoxication."	1.72	Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. ( Hayden, MR; Shulyatnikova, T; Tumanskyi, V, 2022)
"Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF) may require emergency liver transplantation (LT) in the presence of specific criteria, and its management may also include intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in selected patients at high risk of cerebral edema."	1.51	Outcome of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure Managed Without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring or Transplantation. ( Ancona, P; Angus, P; Bellomo, R; Cioccari, L; Gow, P; Jones, K; Osawa, E; Porteous, J; Warrillow, S, 2019)
"Acute liver failure is a rare and devastating clinical condition resulting from sudden loss of hepatic parenchyma and metabolic function."	1.46	Acute liver failure in Scotland: changes in aetiology and outcomes over time (the Scottish Look-Back Study). ( Baird, A; Davidson, JS; Donnelly, MC; Hayes, PC; Martin, K; Simpson, KJ, 2017)
"It has rarely caused acute hepatic failure at therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses."	1.42	Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy After Cleft Palate Repair. ( Celebiler, O; Kocaaslan, ND; Tuncer, FB; Tutar, E, 2015)
"Adult critically ill patients with acute liver failure presenting with grade III/IV hepatic encephalopathy (n = 629) prospectively enrolled between March 2004 and August 2011."	1.40	Outcomes and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in acute liver failure: a retrospective cohort study. ( Battenhouse, H; Durkalski, V; Fix, OK; Karvellas, CJ; Lee, WM; Sanders, C, 2014)
"Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of AFHF; this combination has a strong association with cerebral edema."	1.39	Acute fulminant hepatic failure, encephalopathy and early CT changes. ( Al-Amri, A; Das, S; Gulka, I; Thayapararajah, SW; Young, GB, 2013)
"In experimental models of acute liver failure SERPINB3 was found significantly increased in microglia, the intrinsic immune cells of the central nervous system."	1.38	Increased Th1 immune response in SERPINB3 transgenic mice during acute liver failure. ( Amodio, P; Calabrese, F; Campagna, F; Gatta, A; Lunardi, F; Pontisso, P; Schiff, S; Tono, N; Turato, C; Villano, G, 2012)
"Sixty-six (47."	1.38	The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is prognostically superior to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and MELD variants following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. ( Craig, DG; Davidson, JS; Hayes, PC; Martin, KG; Reid, TW; Simpson, KJ; Wright, EC, 2012)
" In cases of massive acetaminophen overdose, standard acetylcysteine dosing may not be adequate."	1.37	Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose. ( Bagdure, D; Heard, K; Monte, A; Wang, GS, 2011)
"However, brain swelling and marked clinical and EEG suppression are potentially reversible, even though the same findings are associated with a very poor neurological outcome in anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy."	1.36	Recovery of awareness after hyperacute hepatic encephalopathy with "flat" EEG, severe brain edema and deep coma. ( Hunter, GR; Young, GB, 2010)
"Through the next 5 hour seizure period and thereafter, the brain damage, liver damage enzyme values and hyperammonemia increased, particularly throughout the 3-24 h post-paracetamol period."	1.36	High hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol produces generalized convulsions and brain damage in rats. A counteraction with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736). ( Anic, T; Boban Blagaic, A; Brcic, L; Coric, M; Djidic, S; Djuzel, V; Drmic, D; Ilic, S; Ivica, M; Klicek, R; Kolenc, D; Radic, B; Romic, Z; Seiwerth, S; Sever, M; Sikiric, P; Zarkovic, K; Zoricic, I; Zoricic, Z, 2010)
"Acetaminophen is a dose-dependent toxin."	1.36	Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. ( Gregory, B; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Reisch, J, 2010)
"To elucidate the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), we developed a new HE model with behaviour disorder."	1.35	A new hepatic encephalopathy model to monitor the change of neural amino acids and astrocytes with behaviour disorder. ( Isobe-Harima, Y; Itamoto, K; Miura, I; Murata, T; Sakaida, I; Segawa, M; Shinoda, K; Taura, Y; Terai, S, 2008)
" Algorithms for hepatotoxicity (including codes for hepatic necrosis, toxic hepatitis and encephalopathy) and ALF (hepatic necrosis and encephalopathy) were also highly predictive (c-statistics = 0."	1.34	Validation of ICD-9-CM/ICD-10 coding algorithms for the identification of patients with acetaminophen overdose and hepatotoxicity using administrative data. ( Leung, Y; Li, B; Myers, RP; Shaheen, AA, 2007)
"Fulminant hepatic encephalopathy has a high mortality."	1.33	Microdialysis in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. ( Al-Rawi, PG; Czosnyka, M; Gimson, A; Hutchinson, PJ; Menon, DK; O'Connell, MT, 2006)
"Progression of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major determinant of outcome in acute liver failure (ALF)."	1.32	Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. ( Blei, AT; Chung, C; Helenowski, I; Lee, WM; Polson, J; Reisch, J; Schiodt, FV; Vaquero, J, 2003)
"Forty-four (21."	1.31	Influence of acute and chronic alcohol intake on the clinical course and outcome in acetaminophen overdose. ( Bondesen, S; Christensen, E; Lee, WM; Ott, P; Schiødt, FV, 2002)
"Acetaminophen half-life has not been studied in patients receiving the antidote N -acetylcysteine."	1.31	The value of plasma acetaminophen half-life in antidote-treated acetaminophen overdosage. ( Bondesen, S; Christensen, E; Ott, P; Schiødt, FV, 2002)
"Paracetamol overdose may cause hepatic encephalopathy (HE)."	1.30	Prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in paracetamol overdose: a prospective and validated study. ( Bondesen, S; Christensen, E; Schiødt, FV; Tygstrup, N, 1999)
"Little information is available on acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States."	1.30	Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the United States. ( Atillasoy, E; Caldwell, C; Crippin, JS; Flamm, S; Hay, JE; Kowdley, KV; Lee, WM; McCashland, TM; Rosen, H; Schiff, ER; Schiodt, FV; Shakil, AO; Somberg, KA; Stribling, R, 1999)
"Three patients in grade 4 hepatic coma (one with Hepatitis B, two with acetaminophen intoxication) were withdrawn from the waiting list for emergency liver transplantation after high volume plasmapheresis due to recovery."	1.29	[Fulminant liver failure before and after introduction of liver transplantation at Rikshospitalet]. ( Clemmesen, JO; Hansen, BA; Hjortrup, A; Kirkegaard, P; Larsen, FS; Ranek, L, 1995)
"Eight patients developed hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and two died."	1.29	Serial measurements of serum Gc-globulin in acetaminophen intoxication. ( Bondesen, S; Schiødt, FV; Tygstrup, N, 1995)
"Eight patients developed hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and two of them died."	1.29	[Gc-globulin in paracetamol poisoning]. ( Bondesen, S; Schiødt, FV; Tygstrup, N, 1996)
" The clinico-pathophysiology and toxicology of paracetamol poisoning is briefly reviewed in an attempt to establish how low a fatal paracetamol dosage can go."	1.28	The fatal paracetamol dosage--how low can you go? ( Patel, F, 1992)
"She developed hepatic encephalopathy and it was then determined she had ingested APAP."	1.28	Orthotopic liver transplants necessitated by acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. ( Dean, BS; Krenzelok, EP; Mrvos, R; Schneider, SM, 1992)
"Cerebral edema is a serious complication of the encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure."	1.28	Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure. ( Hughes, RD; Kato, M; Keays, RT; Williams, R, 1992)
" In both patients starvation, due to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or diarrhoea, was probably contributing to the toxic effect of the drug."	1.28	Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of low doses of paracetamol. ( Broomé, U; Eriksson, LS; Kalin, M; Lindholm, M, 1992)
"Eighteen patients in hepatic coma grade III-IV were entered in the study and were divided into two groups in accordance with their renal function (serum creatinine above/below 180 mumol/l)."	1.28	Fractional excretion of beta-2-microglobulin in the urine of patients with normal or reduced renal function and hepatic coma. ( Dalhoff, K; Hansen, PB; Joffe, P; Olesen, B, 1991)
" We conclude that chronic use of anticonvulsants enhances clinical features of paracetamol toxicity and discuss possible mechanisms by which this could be mediated."	1.28	Long-term anticonvulsant therapy worsens outcome in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. ( Bray, GP; Harrison, PM; O'Grady, JG; Tredger, JM; Williams, R, 1992)
"We report two cases of acute renal failure following paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning."	1.27	Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning resulting in acute renal failure without hepatic coma. ( Davenport, A; Finn, R, 1988)
"Signs of grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy were never found until 72 hours after the overdose, and sudden deterioration in consciousness at an earlier stage was due either to the sedative effects of drugs or to hypoglycaemia, which in one patient went unrecognised for 24 hours."	1.26	Factors contributing to mortality in paracetamol-induced hepatic failure. ( Canalese, J; Davis, M; Gimson, AE; Williams, R, 1981)
" In the present work, human serum has been dosed with the phenolic compounds of immediate relevance in exogenous and endogenous intoxication, and the effectiveness of various adsorbent materials for the elimination of the toxins from the serum has been investigated."	1.26	Properties of agarose-encapsulated adsorbents. II. Elimination of endogenous and exogenous phenolic compounds from human serum. ( Brunner, G; Harstick, K; Holloway, CJ; Neumann, E, 1981)
"In 2 who developed acute renal failure without porto-systemic encephalopathy, plasma renin activity was noted to rise before serum creatinine and to return to initial levels after 3 or 4 days while renal failure persisted."	1.26	Plasma renin activity during the development of paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced acute renal failure in man. ( James, OF; Morley, AR; Roberts, SH; Robson, V; Wilkinson, R, 1979)
"Only 7 out of 71 patients with arrhythmias other than sinus tachycardia survived, compared with 15 out of 31 patients without them (P less than 0-005)."	1.26	Frequency of arrhythmias and other cardiac abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure. ( Capildeo, R; Horoworth, PJ; Mant, AK; Talbot, IC; Weston, MJ; Williams, R, 1976)

Research

Studies (179)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Ammonia

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	42 (23.46)	18.7374
1990's	66 (36.87)	18.2507
2000's	34 (18.99)	29.6817
2010's	33 (18.44)	24.3611
2020's	4 (2.23)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Sahin, B	1
Karabulut, S	1
Filiz, AK	1
Özkaraca, M	1
Gezer, A	1
Akpulat, HA	1
Ataseven, H	1
Shulyatnikova, T	3
Tumanskyi, V	3
Hayden, MR	3
Dong, V	1
Nanchal, R	1
Karvellas, CJ	2
Marino, RT	1
Sidlak, AM	1
Shabrang, B	1
Jamshidzadeh, A	1
Farjam, M	1
Ebrahimpour, A	1
Koohi-Hosseinabadi, O	1
Zabron, A	1
Quaglia, A	1
Fatourou, E	1
Peddu, P	1
Lewis, D	1
Heneghan, M	1
Willars, C	1
Auzinger, G	3
Heaton, N	3
Wendon, J	7
Kane, P	1
Karani, J	1
Bernal, W	5
Di Giorgio, A	1
Nicastro, E	1
Dalla Rosa, D	1
Nebbia, G	1
Sonzogni, A	1
D'Antiga, L	1
Porteous, J	1
Cioccari, L	1
Ancona, P	1
Osawa, E	1
Jones, K	1
Gow, P	1
Angus, P	1
Warrillow, S	1
Bellomo, R	1
Saad, MA	1
Rastanawi, AA	1
El-Yamany, MF	1
Montrief, T	1
Koyfman, A	1
Long, B	1
Hyyrylainen, A	1
Gera, A	1
Audimoolam, VK	1
McPhail, MJ	3
Rela, M	1
O'Grady, JG	5
Williams, R	33
Gan, CS	1
Chong, SY	1
Lum, LC	1
Lee, WS	1
Amathieu, R	1
Levesque, E	1
Merle, JC	1
Chemit, M	1
Costentin, C	1
Compagnon, P	1
Dhonneur, G	1
Thayapararajah, SW	1
Gulka, I	1
Al-Amri, A	1
Das, S	1
Young, GB	2
Bischof, M	1
Ito-Jung, S	1
Müllhaupt, B	1
Craig, DG	3
Lee, P	1
Pryde, EA	1
Hayes, PC	5
Simpson, KJ	4
Fix, OK	1
Battenhouse, H	1
Durkalski, V	1
Sanders, C	1
Lee, WM	8
Willey, JZ	1
Tolchin, BD	1
Kitto, L	1
Zafar, S	1
Reid, TW	2
Martin, KG	2
Davidson, JS	3
Kocaaslan, ND	1
Tuncer, FB	1
Tutar, E	1
Celebiler, O	1
Kriese, S	1
Heneghan, MA	1
Cortes, M	1
Vilca-Melendez, H	1
Donnelly, MC	1
Martin, K	1
Baird, A	1
Adukauskiene, D	1
Dockiene, I	1
Naginiene, R	1
Kevelaitis, E	1
Pundzius, J	1
Kupcinskas, L	1
Ebenezer, K	1
Agarwal, I	1
Fleming, D	1
Hynan, LS	1
Rossaro, L	1
Fontana, RJ	2
Stravitz, RT	1
Larson, AM	2
Davern, TJ	2
Murray, NG	1
McCashland, T	1
Reisch, JS	1
Robuck, PR	1
Fridman, V	1
Galetta, SL	1
Pruitt, AA	1
Levine, JM	1
Takikawa, Y	1
Endo, R	1
Suzuki, K	1
Tsubouchi, H	2
Bareiss, D	1
Semela, D	1
Heim, M	1
Terracciano, L	1
Hunziker, S	1
Gregory, B	1
Reisch, J	3
Bémeur, C	1
Vaquero, J	2
Desjardins, P	1
Butterworth, RF	2
Ilic, S	1
Drmic, D	1
Zarkovic, K	1
Kolenc, D	1
Coric, M	1
Brcic, L	1
Klicek, R	1
Radic, B	1
Sever, M	1
Djuzel, V	1
Ivica, M	1
Boban Blagaic, A	1
Zoricic, Z	1
Anic, T	1
Zoricic, I	1
Djidic, S	1
Romic, Z	1
Seiwerth, S	1
Sikiric, P	1
Hunter, GR	1
Wendon, JA	4
Dhawan, A	1
Bacani, CJ	1
Freeman, WD	1
Di Trapani, RA	1
Canabal, JC	1
Arasi, L	1
Shine, T	1
Willingham, DL	1
Wang, GS	1
Monte, A	1
Bagdure, D	1
Heard, K	1
Wright, EC	1
Miyake, Y	1
Yasunaka, T	1
Ikeda, F	1
Takaki, A	1
Nouso, K	1
Yamamoto, K	1
Villano, G	1
Lunardi, F	1
Turato, C	1
Schiff, S	1
Tono, N	1
Campagna, F	1
Gatta, A	1
Amodio, P	1
Calabrese, F	1
Pontisso, P	1
Rahman, TM	1
Selden, AC	1
Hodgson, HJ	1
Ostapowicz, G	1
Schiødt, FV	10
Larson, A	1
Han, SH	1
McCashland, TM	2
Shakil, AO	3
Hay, JE	2
Hynan, L	1
Crippin, JS	2
Blei, AT	2
Samuel, G	1
Bjøro, K	1
Ericzon, BG	1
Kirkegaard, P	3
Höckerstedt, K	1
Söderdahl, G	1
Olausson, M	1
Foss, A	1
Schmidt, LE	3
Isoniemi, H	1
Brandsaeter, B	1
Friman, S	1
McGuire, BM	1
Rezende, G	1
Roque-Afonso, AM	1
Samuel, D	1
Gigou, M	1
Nicand, E	1
Ferre, V	1
Dussaix, E	1
Bismuth, H	1
Féray, C	1
Polson, J	1
Chung, C	1
Helenowski, I	1
Schiodt, FV	2
Dabos, KJ	1
Newsome, PN	1
Parkinson, JA	1
Mohammed, HH	1
Sadler, IH	1
Plevris, JN	1
Gok, MA	1
Gupta, A	1
Olschewski, P	1
Bhatti, A	1
Shenton, BK	1
Robertson, H	1
Soomro, N	1
Talbot, D	1
Hydzik, P	1
Drozdz, M	1
Sułowicz, W	1
Groszek, B	1
Adamek, R	1
Wilczek, L	1
Krupiński, B	1
Larsen, FS	7
Sarishvili, AG	1
Mitagvariia, NP	1
Azikuri, GSh	1
Tsintsadze, TG	1
Lazrishvili, IL	1
Perkins, JD	1
Hutchinson, PJ	1
Gimson, A	1
Al-Rawi, PG	1
O'Connell, MT	1
Czosnyka, M	1
Menon, DK	1
Strauss, GI	1
Jørgensen, CS	1
Dahl, B	2
Laursen, I	1
Houen, G	1
Myers, RP	1
Leung, Y	1
Shaheen, AA	1
Li, B	1
Isobe-Harima, Y	1
Terai, S	1
Miura, I	1
Segawa, M	1
Murata, T	1
Itamoto, K	1
Taura, Y	1
Shinoda, K	1
Sakaida, I	1
Agran, PF	1
Zenk, KE	1
Romansky, SG	1
Canalese, J	3
Gimson, AE	4
Davis, M	1
Langley, PG	6
Hughes, RD	9
Black, M	1
Holloway, CJ	2
Harstick, K	1
Brunner, G	2
Neumann, E	1
Wyke, RJ	1
Vergani, D	1
Eddleston, AL	1
Leibowitz, H	1
Kuhn, JA	1
Atwood, SJ	1
Leighton, H	1
Makin, AJ	1
Bradberry, SM	1
Hart, M	1
Bareford, D	1
Jones, AF	2
Vale, JA	2
Clemmesen, JO	3
Ott, P	5
Hansen, BA	4
Ranek, L	1
Hjortrup, A	1
Baudouin, SV	1
Howdle, P	1
Webster, NR	1
Evans, PJ	1
Evans, RW	1
Bomford, A	1
Halliwell, B	1
Mutimer, DJ	1
Ayres, RC	1
Neuberger, JM	2
Davies, MH	1
Holguin, J	1
Buckels, JA	1
Mayer, AD	1
McMaster, P	1
Elias, E	1
Izumi, S	2
Pernambuco, JR	1
Ambühl, PM	1
Ballmer, PE	1
Krähenbühl, S	1
Harrison, PM	6
Keays, R	3
Cheung, L	1
Potts, RG	1
Meyer, KC	1
Zhang, L	1
Daikuhara, Y	1
Boberg, KM	1
Schrumpf, E	1
Rogstad, B	1
Berg, KJ	1
Ganes, T	1
Bergan, A	1
Mutimer, D	1
Neuberger, J	1
Csete, M	1
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Donaldson, BW	1
Gopinath, R	1
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Cameron, R	1
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Tygstrup, N	6
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MacDiarmid-Gordon, A	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multi-Center Trial to Study Acute Liver Failure in Adults[NCT00518440]		3,488 participants (Actual)	Observational	1998-01-31	Completed
[NCT00004467]	Phase 3	173 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1998-06-30	Completed
A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-002 (Ornithine Phenylacetate) in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Liver Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury[NCT01548690]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Steroids in the Management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure Due to Hepatitis A Virus in the Pediatric Age Group[NCT02375867]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Consumer Understanding and Use of Non-Prescription Analgesics, Investigation of Efficacy of Improved Acetaminophen Labeling[NCT01592448]		662 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-10-31	Completed
Use of HA 330-II for Hemofiltration in Patients With Acute Liver Failure as a Bridge to Liver Transplantation: Clinical Evaluation Protocol.[NCT04243655]	Phase 4	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-30	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on ammonia levels in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: Baseline and 72 Hours

Measurement of OCR-002 Plasma Concentration

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	41.2
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	16.6
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	41.8
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	38.4

To evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of OCR-002 in patients with impaired and intact renal function using urinary phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) as a surrogate marker (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 24 Hours after last infusion

Neurological Function Measured by the Orientation Log (O-log)

Intervention	micrograms per millileter (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	65.6
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	32.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	33.4
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	104.9

The orientation log focuses on orientation to place, time, and circumstance. There are 10 items on the orientation log, which are scored 0-3. A spontaneous correct response is awarded 3 points. A spontaneous response that is lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided following a logical cue is awarded 2 points. A score of 1 is given if spontaneous and cued responses are lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided in a recognition format. A score of 0 is given if the spontaneous, cued, or recognition format does not generate a correct answer. Scores from the 10 items are summed and the final score ranges from 0 to 30. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

Neurological Function Measured by the West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	23.8
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	24.0
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	24.0
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	24.0

The West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy measures the severity of encephalopathy and patient's level of consciousness. The scale ranges from 0 to 4; a minimum score of 0 represents a better outcome, and a maximum total score of 4 represents a worse outcome. A score of 0 corresponds to normal consciousness and behavior and normal neurological examination. A score of 1 corresponds to mild lack of awareness, shortened attention span, and impaired addition or subtraction; mild asterixis or tremor. A score of 2 corresponds to lethargy, disorientated or inappropriate behavior, obvious asterixis; slurred speech. A score of 3 corresponds to somnolent but arousable, gross disorientation or bizarre behavior, muscle rigidity and clonus; hyperreflexia. A score of 4 corresponds to coma and decerebrate posturing. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 120 hours from start of infusion

Number of Participants That do Not Tolerate the Administered Dose and Had Grade 3 or 4 Treatment Emergent Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h	2.4
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h	3.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h	1.6
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h	1.8

To evaluate the safety and tolerability of OCR-002 in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

Article	Year
Pathophysiology of Acute Liver Failure. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Fema	2020
Acute liver failure: A review for emergency physicians. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2019, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hepatic Encephal	2019
[Severe toxic acute liver failure: etiology and treatment]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2013, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Coagulation Disorde	2013
[Acute liver failure]. Praxis, 2013, Oct-02, Volume: 102, Issue:20 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Factor V; Femal	2013
Current management of acute liver failure. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Critical Care; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intracranial Hypertensi	2015
Meta-analysis of performance of Kings's College Hospital Criteria in prediction of outcome in non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Journal of hepatology, 2010, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Clinical Protocols; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hospitals; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute;	2010
Acute liver failure. Lancet (London, England), 2010, Jul-17, Volume: 376, Issue:9736 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Emergency	2010
Hepatic encephalopathy: a central neuroinflammatory disorder? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Brain Edema; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypothermia, In	2011
Acute liver failure. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Brain Edema; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantat	2012
The critically ill liver patient: fulminant hepatic failure. Seminars in gastrointestinal disease, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain Edema; Critical Illness; Diagnosis, D	2003
The effect of hyperventilation upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Danish medical bulletin, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulati	2007
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology, 1980, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Biotransformation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; C	1980
[Fulminant hepatitis: pathogenesis, clinical aspects and management]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1994, Mar-05, Volume: 124, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Brain Edema; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hemorrhage; Hepatic Encep	1994
Paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Irish journal of medical science, 1993, Volume: 162, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Enceph	1993
Fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Apr-12, Volume: 349, Issue:9058 Topics: Acetaminophen; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1997
Paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: prevention and management. Journal of hepatology, 1997, Volume: 26 Suppl 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Extracorporeal Circulation; Hepatic Encephal	1997
Fulminant hepatic failure. The Surgical clinics of North America, 1999, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Amanita; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transplantat	1999
Death in an adolescent following an overdose of acetaminophen and phenobarbital. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1978, Volume: 132, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Animals; Brain; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastric Lavage; H	1978
Hepatobiliary disease: medical emergencies. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1991, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Biliary Tract Diseases; Emergencies; Halothane; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Vi	1991
Intensive liver care and management of acute hepatic failure. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1991, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Critical Care; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Liver Diseas	1991
Animal models of fulminant hepatic failure. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1991, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Disease Models, Animal; Galactosamine; Hepat	1991
How safe is acetaminophen? Some practical cautions with this widely used agent. Clinical pediatrics, 1973, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Drug Synergism; F	1973

Article	Year
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Double-Blind Metho	2009
Continuous vs. intermittent forms of haemofiltration and/or dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in patients with defective cerebral autoregulation at risk of cerebral oedema. Contributions to nephrology, 1991, Volume: 93 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Brain Edema; Female; Hemodynamics; Hemofiltration; Hepati	1991
Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. The New England journal of medicine, 1991, Jun-27, Volume: 324, Issue:26 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Biological Transport; Chemical and Drug Induced Li	1991
Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1991, Oct-26, Volume: 303, Issue:6809 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overd	1991
Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology, 1988, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Charcoal; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Halothane	1988

Article	Year
Galium aparine L. protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Chemico-biological interactions, 2022, Oct-01, Volume: 366 Topics: Acetaminophen; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bili	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Nov-21, Volume: 23, Issue:22 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Delirium; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypertrophy; Liver Failure; Neurotoxicity	2022
Hyperammonemia in acetaminophen toxicity. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2022, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonia; Animals; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Retrospective Studi	2022
Concurrent assessment of calpain and caspase3 activities in brains of mice with acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Brain; Calpain; Caspase 3; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver; Mice; Neurons	2017
Clinical and prognostic associations of liver volume determined by computed tomography in acute liver failure. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Decision Support Techniques; Disease Progression; Female	2018
Transplant-free Survival in Chronic Liver Disease Presenting as Acute Liver Failure in Childhood. Transplantation, 2019, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child; Child, Preschool; End Stage Liver Disease; Female; Graft Survival; Hepatic Enc	2019
Outcome of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure Managed Without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring or Transplantation. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hospital Mortality;	2019
Alogliptin abates memory injuries of hepatic encephalopathy induced by acute paracetamol intoxication via switching-off autophagy-related apoptosis. Life sciences, 2018, Dec-15, Volume: 215 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Be	2018
Lessons from look-back in acute liver failure? A single centre experience of 3300 patients. Journal of hepatology, 2013, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Critical Care; Emergencies; Female; Hepatic Encephal	2013
Regular paracetamol in severe dengue: a lethal combination? Singapore medical journal, 2013, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Blood Coagulation; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Live	2013
Acute fulminant hepatic failure, encephalopathy and early CT changes. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2013, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; H	2013
Serum neopterin and soluble CD163 as markers of macrophage activation in paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced human acute liver injury. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:11-12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelo	2013
Outcomes and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in acute liver failure: a retrospective cohort study. Critical care medicine, 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Hepatic Encephalopa	2014
Liver transplant for intentional acetaminophen overdose and hepatic encephalopathy: a conflict between beneficence and justice. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Neurolog Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Beneficence; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans;	2014
An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with adverse outcomes following single time-point paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose: a time-course analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdos	2014
Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy After Cleft Palate Repair. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2015, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cleft Palate; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Liver	2015
The use of temporary portocaval shunt as a technical aid in auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Allografts; Ammonia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biopsy; Female; Gra	2016
Acute liver failure in Scotland: changes in aetiology and outcomes over time (the Scottish Look-Back Study). Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cohort Studies; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encep	2017
Acute liver failure in Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2008, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Co	2008
Acute hepatic failure in an infant caused by acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicity. Annals of tropical paediatrics, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Overdose; Fatal Outcome; Hepa	2008
MRI findings associated with acute liver failure. Neurology, 2009, Jun-16, Volume: 72, Issue:24 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain; Brain Edema; Coma; Diphenhydramine; Hepatic E	2009
Early prediction of short-term development of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute liver disease unrelated to paracetamol. A prospective study in Japan. Journal of hepatology, 2009, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Japan; Liver Fai	2009
[44 year old gardener with lower back pain, myalgia and fever]. Praxis, 2010, Jan-20, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Clinical Trials as T	2010
Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 2010, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury;	2010
N-acetylcysteine attenuates cerebral complications of non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in mice: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Metabolic brain disease, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Antioxidants; Azoxymethane; Brain Edema; Carcinogens; Cytoki	2010
High hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol produces generalized convulsions and brain damage in rats. A counteraction with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736). Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2010, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antidotes; Brain; Dose-Response	2010
Recovery of awareness after hyperacute hepatic encephalopathy with "flat" EEG, severe brain edema and deep coma. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Awareness; Brain Edema; Electroencephalography; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepati	2010
Emergent, controlled lumbar drainage for intracranial pressure monitoring during orthotopic liver transplantation. Neurocritical care, 2011, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain Edema; Drainage; Drug Overdose; Female; Follow	2011
Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose. Pediatrics, 2011, Volume: 127, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Alanine Transaminase; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Cholinergic An	2011
The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is prognostically superior to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and MELD variants following paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; End Stage Liver Disease;	2012
SIRS score reflects clinical features of non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure with hepatic coma. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; L	2012
Increased Th1 immune response in SERPINB3 transgenic mice during acute liver failure. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2012, Volume: 237, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; G	2012
A novel model of acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in rabbits. The Journal of surgical research, 2002, Volume: 106, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Animals; Antimetabolites; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Disease Models, Anim	2002
Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Dec-17, Volume: 137, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	2002
Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Dec-17, Volume: 137, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	2002
Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Dec-17, Volume: 137, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	2002
Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Dec-17, Volume: 137, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	2002
Summaries for patients. Acute liver failure in the United States. Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Dec-17, Volume: 137, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	2002
Highly urgent liver transplantation: possible impact of donor-recipient ABO matching on the outcome after transplantation. Transplantation, 2003, Feb-15, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cause of Death; Child; Child	2003
Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2003, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Computer Systems; Factor V; Female; Genotype; Hepatic Encephalopat	2003
Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 2003, Volume: 125, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Disease Progression; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infections; Liver	2003
Biochemical prognostic markers of outcome in non-paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation, 2004, Jan-27, Volume: 77, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Live	2004
Renal transplants from non-heart beating paracetamol overdose donors. Clinical transplantation, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain Edema; Cryopreservation; Diuretics, Osmotic; D	2004
[Liver albumin dialysis--application in acetaminophen poisoning]. Przeglad lekarski, 2004, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Human	2004
[Severe toxic liver failure after acute poisoning with paracetamol, ferrous sulphate and naproxen]. Przeglad lekarski, 2004, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Benzodiazepines; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Ferrous Compo	2004
Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Critical care medicine, 2006, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Female; Hepatic Encephalopa	2006
[Changes in emotional state and learning process disorders in rats with experimental hepatic encephalopathy]. Georgian medical news, 2006, Issue:135 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Emotions; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hypnotics and Se	2006
Acute liver failure in children: they really are not just small adults. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2006, Volume: 12, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hum	2006
Is it worthwhile to use cerebral microdialysis in patients with acute liver failure? Neurocritical care, 2006, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; Bra	2006
Microdialysis in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Neurocritical care, 2006, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Edema; Critical Care; Dextropro	2006
MELD score as a predictor of liver failure and death in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Disease	2007
Comparison of rocket and crossed immuno-electrophoresis assays for determination of the level of actin complexing of Gc globulin. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 2007, Volume: 67, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Actins; Calibration; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorb	2007
Validation of ICD-9-CM/ICD-10 coding algorithms for the identification of patients with acetaminophen overdose and hepatotoxicity using administrative data. BMC health services research, 2007, Oct-02, Volume: 7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Alberta; Algorithms	2007
A new hepatic encephalopathy model to monitor the change of neural amino acids and astrocytes with behaviour disorder. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; E	2008
Acute liver failure and encephalopathy in a 15-month-old infant. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1983, Volume: 137, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Biopsy, Needle; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diagnosis, Dif	1983
Factors contributing to mortality in paracetamol-induced hepatic failure. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1981, Jan-17, Volume: 282, Issue:6259 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Critical Care; Female; Hepatic Encepha	1981
Platelet adhesiveness to glass beads in liver disease. Acta haematologica, 1982, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Glass; Hemoperfusion; Hepati	1982
Properties of agarose-encapsulated adsorbents. II. Elimination of endogenous and exogenous phenolic compounds from human serum. Biomaterials, medical devices, and artificial organs, 1981, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Absorption; Acetaminophen; Capsules; Hemoperfusion; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; In Vitro Techniq	1981
Circulating immune complexes in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Gut, 1981, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver In	1981
Acetaminophen overdosage: a case presentation and review of current therapy. Delaware medical journal, 1980, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Middle Aged	1980
The laboratory in the diagnosis and management of acetaminophen and salicylate intoxications. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1980, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acid-Base Imbalance; Aspirin; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatic Encep	1980
Paracetamol poisoning: a case study. Intensive & critical care nursing, 1995, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Male; Severity of Illne	1995
A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology, 1995, Volume: 109, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain Edema; Chi-S	1995
Factor V and factor VIII:V ratio as prognostic indicators in paracetamol poisoning. Lancet (London, England), 1995, Sep-02, Volume: 346, Issue:8975 Topics: Acetaminophen; Factor V; Factor VIII; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Prognosis	1995
[Paracetamol poisoning at a department of hepatology]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1995, Feb-13, Volume: 157, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Denmark; Female; Hep	1995
[Fulminant liver failure before and after introduction of liver transplantation at Rikshospitalet]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1995, Feb-13, Volume: 157, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Denmark; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Pr	1995
Acute lung injury in fulminant hepatic failure following paracetamol poisoning. Thorax, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; APACHE; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hu	1995
Metal ions catalytic for free radical reactions in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Free radical research, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Chelating Agents; Copper; Female; Free Radicals; Hepatic E	1994
Serious paracetamol poisoning and the results of liver transplantation. Gut, 1994, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Fail	1994
Extent of the acute phase response in fulminant hepatic failure. Gut, 1994, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute-Phase Reaction; Adolescent; Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Bacterial Infections; C	1994
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain; Brain Edema; Drug Overdose; Epopro	1994
Acetaminophen treatment nomogram. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Jun-30, Volume: 330, Issue:26 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Referen	1994
Plasma hepatocyte growth factor and biliprotein levels and outcome in fulminant hepatic failure. Journal of hepatology, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Bilirubin; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy;	1994
[Treatment of paracetamol poisoning. An indication for liver transplantation?]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1994, Apr-20, Volume: 114, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Pro	1994
Acute liver failure: improving outcome despite a paucity of treatment options. The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1993, Volume: 86, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acute Disease; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transplantation;	1993
Vicodin-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 79, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Drug Combinations; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hydrocodone; Male	1993
The role of transjugular liver biopsy in fulminant liver failure: relation to other prognostic indicators. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1993, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; C	1993
Liver failure induced by paracetamol. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1993, Feb-13, Volume: 306, Issue:6875 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypothermia	1993
Fulminant hepatitis associated with centrilobular hepatic necrosis in young children. The Journal of pediatrics, 1995, Volume: 127, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Liver; Male;	1995
The Danish liver transplantation program and patients with serious acetaminophen intoxication. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Denmark; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopath	1995
Cerebral edema due to hemodialysis in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1995, Volume: 30, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Brain Edema; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Rena	1995
Serial measurements of serum Gc-globulin in acetaminophen intoxication. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 1995, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Actins; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Case-Control Studies; Female; Hepatic Enceph	1995
Admission levels of serum Gc-globulin: predictive value in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Vi	1996
Coagulation factor V levels as a prognostic indicator in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Drug Overdose; Factor V; Hepatic Encephalopa	1996
Treating paracetamol overdose by charcoal haemoperfusion and long-hours high-flux dialysis. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 1996, Volume: 89, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Charcoal; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Overdo	1996
Morphology of hepatic stellate cells in patients with fulminant or subfulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplantation. Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Actins; Adult; Aged; Amanita; Autoimmune Diseases; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation;	1996
The epidemiology of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning in Hong Kong. Veterinary and human toxicology, 1996, Volume: 38, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cohort Studies; Female;	1996
[Gc-globulin in paracetamol poisoning]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1996, Nov-11, Volume: 158, Issue:46 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics; Female; Globulins; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Poisoning	1996
Differential diagnosis of postoperative liver failure in a 12-year-old child. International journal of legal medicine, 1996, Volume: 109, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver In	1996
Transplantation in patients with paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Mar-01, Volume: 349, Issue:9052 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transp	1997
Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the King's criteria. Journal of hepatology, 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Evaluation Studies as Topi	1997
Plasma levels and hepatic mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Journal of hepatology, 1997, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Blotting, Northern; Enzyme-Linked	1997
Tumor necrosis factor genomic polymorphism and outcome of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced acute liver failure. Journal of hepatology, 1998, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; APACHE; Chemical and Drug Induc	1998
Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the United States. Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 1999, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Drug Overdose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver	1999
Parvovirus B19 infection and fulminant hepatitis. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Feb-27, Volume: 353, Issue:9154 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus B19, Human	1999
Assay to detect inhibitory substances in serum of patients with acute liver failure. The International journal of artificial organs, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Enz	1999
[A case of drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure accompanied with marked increase of pancreatic enzymes]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 1999, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Amylases; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Pa	1999
Case presentation: fulminant hepatic failure. Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 1999, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Brain Death; Brain Edema; Female; Hepatic Encephalop	1999
Paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure in a child after 5 days of therapeutic doses. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infant; Liver Funct	1999
Prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in paracetamol overdose: a prospective and validated study. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1999, Volume: 34, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepa	1999
Clinical use of a bioartificial liver in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. The American surgeon, 1999, Volume: 65, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hepatic Ence	1999
Energy expenditure in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Critical care medicine, 2000, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Basal Metabolism; Calorimetry, Indirect; Case-Control Studies; Ene	2000
Long-chain hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria, carnitine depletion and acetaminophen exposure. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Carnitine; Fatty Acids; H	2000
Speech disturbances in a child after living related liver transplant. Transplantation proceedings, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child, Preschool; Family; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver T	2000
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Tr	2000
Hepatic failure and encephalopathy attributed to an interaction between acetaminophen and rifampicin. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2001, Volume: 96, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Drug Interactions; Fema	2001
Temporal profile of total, bound, and free Gc-globulin after acetaminophen overdose. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2001, Volume: 7, Issue:8 Topics: Acetaminophen; Actins; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug	2001
Influence of acute and chronic alcohol intake on the clinical course and outcome in acetaminophen overdose. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hu	2002
The value of plasma acetaminophen half-life in antidote-treated acetaminophen overdosage. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Varian	2002
Letter: Risk of hepatic coma in paracetamol poisoning. Lancet (London, England), 1975, Nov-22, Volume: 2, Issue:7943 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver	1975
Causes of death in fulminant hepatic failure and relationship to quantitative histological assessment of parenchymal damage. The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1975, Volume: 44, Issue:176 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amanita; Autopsy; Brain Edema; Drug Hypersensit	1975
Acetaminophen overdose: a new--and treacherous--care problem. RN, 1978, Volume: 41, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Patient Care Planning	1978
Plasma renin activity during the development of paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced acute renal failure in man. Clinical nephrology, 1979, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Creatinine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; K	1979
[Paracetamol poisoning]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1978, Mar-06, Volume: 140, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Progno	1978
Large agarose beads for extracorporeal detoxification systems. Biomaterials, medical devices, and artificial organs, 1978, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Bilirubin; Carrier Proteins; Ethanolamines; Hemoperfusion; Hepatic Encephalo	1978
[Liver damage after paracetamol]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1977, Apr-04, Volume: 139, Issue:14 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1977
Cortical and optic atrophy following fulminant hepatic failure. Medecine & chirurgie digestives, 1977, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Atrophy; Brain Damage, Chronic; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Optic	1977
Plasma short-chain fatty acids in fulminant hepatic failure. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1977, Jul-15, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Creatinine; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Hepatic	1977
Frequency of arrhythmias and other cardiac abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure. British heart journal, 1976, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain; Child; Electrocardiography; Hea	1976
An animal model of fulminant hepatic failure: a feasibility study. Gastroenterology, 1976, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Induction; He	1976
Enhanced tumor necrosis factor alpha in coronavirus but not in paracetamol-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. Liver, 1992, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Coronaviridae	1992
Long-term anticonvulsant therapy worsens outcome in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Human & experimental toxicology, 1992, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Drug Interactions; Drug Ove	1992
The fatal paracetamol dosage--how low can you go? Medicine, science, and the law, 1992, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Brain; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Poisoning	1992
Orthotopic liver transplants necessitated by acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Veterinary and human toxicology, 1992, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Drug Overdose; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Trans	1992
High volume plasma exchange in fulminant hepatic failure. The International journal of artificial organs, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Pressure; Denmark; Female; Hepatic	1992
Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Astrocytes; Basement Membrane; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain E	1992
Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of low doses of paracetamol. Journal of internal medicine, 1992, Volume: 231, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Diarrhea; Eating; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ma	1992
Coagulation factor V and VIII/V ratio as predictors of outcome in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: relation to other prognostic indicators. Gut, 1992, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Drug Overdose; Factor V; Factor VIII; Female; Hepatic Encephalopat	1992
[Hepatic coma of unknown origin in an 18-year-old patient]. Der Internist, 1991, Volume: 32, Issue:12 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Drug Overdose; Electrocardiography; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Human	1991
Human atrial natriuretic factor and renin-aldosterone in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure. Gut, 1991, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albumins; Aldosterone; Atrial Function,	1991
Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine. Lancet (London, England), 1990, Jun-30, Volume: 335, Issue:8705 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acute Disease; Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Drug Evaluation; F	1990
Acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning. Lancet (London, England), 1990, Oct-13, Volume: 336, Issue:8720 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Prognosis; Time Factors	1990
Fractional excretion of beta-2-microglobulin in the urine of patients with normal or reduced renal function and hepatic coma. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1991, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; beta 2-Microglobulin; Diagnosis, Differential; Fema	1991
Thrombin-antithrombin III complex in fulminant hepatic failure: evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation and relationship to outcome. European journal of clinical investigation, 1990, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Antithrombin III; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Drug Ove	1990
Effect of posture on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with fulminant hepatic and renal failure after acetaminophen self-poisoning. Critical care medicine, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation;	1990
Hypophosphataemia and phosphaturia in paracetamol poisoning. Lancet (London, England), 1989, Sep-09, Volume: 2, Issue:8663 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Evaluation Studies as	1989
Rebound surges of intracranial pressure as a consequence of forced ultrafiltration used to control intracranial pressure in patients with severe hepatorenal failure. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1989, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Brain Edema; Drug Overdose; Female; Hemofiltration; Hepat	1989
Effect of hepatic failure toxins on regenerative enzymes in the liver after injury with galactosamine in the rat. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1989, Volume: 113, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Caprylates; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disul	1989
Does hypophosphatemia play a role in acute liver failure? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1989, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Fructose; Hepatic Enc	1989
Hypophosphataemia in acute liver failure. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1987, Nov-21, Volume: 295, Issue:6609 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phos	1987
Ro 15-1788 and hepatic failure. Annals of internal medicine, 1988, Volume: 108, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Female; Flumazenil; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1988
Hypophosphataemia in acute liver failure. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1988, Jan-09, Volume: 296, Issue:6615 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphates	1988
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning resulting in acute renal failure without hepatic coma. Nephron, 1988, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; K	1988
[Hepatic injury and death of a 3-year-old girl due to paracetamol poisoning]. Minerva pediatrica, 1988, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans	1988
Charcoal hemoperfusion. Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. Gastroenterology, 1988, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Artificial Organs; Charcoal; Hemoperfusion; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Re	1988
Long-term sequellae of acetaminophen-associated fulminant hepatic failure: relevance of early histology. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1988, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hep	1988
Analysis of factors responsible for continuing mortality after paracetamol overdose. Human toxicology, 1986, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Alcoholism; Antidotes; Dextropropoxyphene; Disseminated I	1986
Zinc abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Leukocytes; Liver Di	1985
Hepatic damage and death from overdose of paracetamol. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Jan-13, Volume: 1, Issue:7794 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Blood Coagulation	1973
Editorial: Towards an artificial liver. British medical journal, 1974, Sep-14, Volume: 3, Issue:5932 Topics: Acetaminophen; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Charcoal; Glutamates; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatit	1974
Disorderd hemostasis in liver damage from paracetamol overdose. Gastroenterology, 1973, Volume: 65, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Bilirubin; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Chemica	1973
Histological appearances in fulminant hepatic failure with reference to aetiology, time of survival and role of immunological processes. Digestion, 1973, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cell Nucleus; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Haloth	1973
Dopamine and serotonin metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy. British medical journal, 1974, Mar-23, Volume: 1, Issue:5907 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Brain; Dopamine; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Halo	1974
Circuitry and technique of extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion for the treatment of hepatic coma. The British journal of surgery, 1971, Volume: 58, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Animals; Extracorporeal Circulation; Fatty Liver; Hepatic Encephalopat	1971
Extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver in the treatment of acute liver failure. The British journal of surgery, 1971, Volume: 58, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Animals; Bilirubin; Brain; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Electroence	1971

acetaminophen and Hepatic Encephalopathy