(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, also known as **choline chloride** or **3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride**, is a quaternary ammonium salt. It's not a naturally occurring compound but rather a synthetic derivative of choline.
Here's why it's important for research:
**1. Precursor for Choline Derivatives:**
* Choline is an essential nutrient involved in various biological functions like neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, and cell signaling.
* (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is a versatile precursor for synthesizing various choline derivatives, which are crucial for research in:
* **Neurology:** Studying the role of choline in neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
* **Pharmacology:** Developing new drugs that target choline-related pathways for therapeutic purposes.
**2. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES):**
* When mixed with specific hydrogen bond donors, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride can form **deep eutectic solvents** (DES). These are liquids with a melting point significantly lower than either component alone.
* DES are gaining attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional organic solvents, finding applications in:
* **Green Chemistry:** Sustainable chemical synthesis, catalysis, and extraction processes.
* **Biotechnology:** Enhancing enzyme activity, stabilizing biomolecules, and extracting natural products.
* **Materials Science:** Developing new materials with specific properties.
**3. Antimicrobial Properties:**
* Research suggests that (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride may possess antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi.
* This potential makes it interesting for research in:
* **Antimicrobial Development:** Developing new disinfectants or antiseptics.
* **Food Preservation:** Exploring its use as a food preservative.
**4. Ionic Liquids:**
* While less common than DES, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride can also be incorporated into **ionic liquids** (ILs).
* ILs are salts with low melting points, exhibiting unique properties like high ionic conductivity and negligible vapor pressure. They are being investigated in:
* **Electrochemistry:** As electrolytes for batteries and fuel cells.
* **Catalysis:** As reaction media and catalysts for various chemical transformations.
**Overall, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride serves as a valuable building block for various research areas, particularly in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Its ability to form DES and its potential antimicrobial properties add to its importance.**
**Note:** It's crucial to remember that this compound is a synthetic chemical, and its handling requires proper laboratory safety procedures and precautions.
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 18732 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1866981 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 97002 |
| MeSH ID | M0481361 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 3327-22-8 |
| trimethyl(2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl)ammonium chloride |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylammonium chloride |
| 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyltrimethylammonium chloride |
| nsc51216 |
| nsc-51216 |
| catiomaster c |
| dextrosil |
| quab |
| nt 21 |
| nsc 51216 |
| quat 188 |
| dowquat 188 |
| dextrosil ka |
| einecs 222-048-3 |
| ammonium, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, chloride |
| verolan kaf |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, powder |
| NCGC00163979-01 |
| 1-propanaminium, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride |
| C1180 |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride |
| apk4x6zd79 , |
| ec 222-048-3 |
| 1-propanaminium, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) |
| unii-apk4x6zd79 |
| dtxcid207534 |
| dtxsid3027534 , |
| NCGC00260112-01 |
| cas-3327-22-8 |
| tox21_202563 |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl)-trimethyl-ammonium |
| A821703 |
| FT-0642451 |
| FT-0629170 |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride(65% in water) |
| AKOS015900634 |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride |
| SCHEMBL97002 |
| CSPHGSFZFWKVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride |
| n-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyltrimethylammonium chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, ca. 65% in water, w/w% |
| Q-200015 |
| CHEMBL1866981 |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (ca. 65% in water) |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n-propyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| mfcd00055655 |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminiumchloride(65%inwater) |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride |
| Q223065 |
| AS-14532 |
| CS-0010102 |
| levocarnitine impurity 8 |
| D72484 |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride |
| 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (60per cent in water) |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (65% in water) |
| (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (50% in water) |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The effect of alkali concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and dosage of CTA on yield and degree of substitution (DS) of 2'-O-HTACCt were studied." | ( Synthesis and characterization of quaternized beta-chitin. Chen, Q; Huang, X; Pu, Y; Shi, C; Wu, Y; Zheng, Z, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The optimal dosage of the synthesized cationic guar gum is used to flocculate two different green algae viz." | ( Study of algal biomass harvesting using cationic guar gum from the natural plant source as flocculant. Bandopadhyay, R; Banerjee, C; Ghosh, S; Mishra, S; Sen, G; Shukla, P, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " With the increase of cationic content, the flocculants were demonstrated better flocculation performance and lower dosage requirement." | ( Cationic content effects of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation properties. Chen, A; Chen, Y; Cheng, R; Gu, W; Huang, X; Jiang, Y; Lu, Y; Qian, X; Shang, Y; Yang, H; Yang, Z, 2012) | 0.38 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0110 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 69.2877 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID743080; AID743091 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 0.0010 | 24.5048 | 61.6448 | AID588534 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (12.50) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 13 (81.25) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (6.25) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (34.11) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 16 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||