acetaminophen and Anesthesia studies

Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.

Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Rectal acetaminophen (Ac) is often administered prophylactically at anesthesia induction for postoperative pain management in small children and is thought to have an opioid-sparing effect."	9.09	Prophylactically-administered rectal acetaminophen does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements in infants and small children undergoing elective cleft palate repair. ( Behne, M; Bremerich, DH; Heimann, K; Kessler, P; Neidhart, G, 2001)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	9.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
"Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice was enhanced markedly by brief anesthesia with diethyl ether (ether), and particularly so if acetaminophen was given several hours after ether."	7.67	Biochemical changes associated with the potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by brief anesthesia with diethyl ether. ( To, EC; Wells, PG, 1986)
"Acetaminophen does not inhibit this synthesis at the inflammatory site."	6.55	Pharmacology of Acetaminophen, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, and Steroid Medications: Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks. ( Candido, KD; Knezevic, NN; Perozo, OJ, 2017)
"To investigate the effects of midazolam on emotional reactivity during induction of anesthesia in a pediatric day surgery setting."	5.12	High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children. ( Buffett-Jerrott, S; Finley, GA; Millington, D; Stewart, SH; Wright, KD, 2006)
"Peroral oxycodone is effective for early pain control after fast-track cardiac anesthesia."	5.12	Early oral analgesia after fast-track cardiac anesthesia. ( Eidelman, LA; Kogan, A; Medalion, B; Pak, N; Raanani, E; Sharoni, E; Stamler, A; Vidne, BA, 2007)
"Rectal acetaminophen (Ac) is often administered prophylactically at anesthesia induction for postoperative pain management in small children and is thought to have an opioid-sparing effect."	5.09	Prophylactically-administered rectal acetaminophen does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements in infants and small children undergoing elective cleft palate repair. ( Behne, M; Bremerich, DH; Heimann, K; Kessler, P; Neidhart, G, 2001)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	5.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
" The purposes of this study were to determine whether acetaminophen (Acet), a weak PG-synthesis inhibitor, influences kidney function in the renal PG-dependent state of anesthesia and sodium depletion."	3.70	Effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on renal function in anesthetized normal and sodium-depleted dogs. ( Colletti, AE; Rahe, T; Vogl, HW; Zambraski, EJ, 1999)
" Additional measures included NPRS scores at predefined times over 48 hours, the summed pain intensity difference over 48 hours (SPID48), the time-weighted sum of pain relief scores over the first 8 hours, the mean dosing interval (the time from dosing to the time rescue medication or the next dose of study medication was administered, whichever was less), the proportion of patients requiring rescue medication, and the onset of perceptible and meaningful pain relief (2-stopwatch method)."	2.74	Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. ( Boesing, SE; Diamond, E; Duckor, S; Gottlieb, I; Raymond, G; Riff, DS; Soulier, S, 2009)
"Alfentanil was available via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) during the 4-h postoperative study period."	2.71	Analgesic effect of i.v. paracetamol: possible ceiling effect of paracetamol in postoperative pain. ( Hahn, TW; Hjortsoe, NC; Jacobsen, LS; Lund, C; Mogensen, T; Rasmussen, M; Rasmussen, SN, 2003)
"Acetaminophen does not inhibit this synthesis at the inflammatory site."	2.55	Pharmacology of Acetaminophen, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, and Steroid Medications: Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks. ( Candido, KD; Knezevic, NN; Perozo, OJ, 2017)
"Acetaminophen was used as a surrogate for other perioperative medications in this quality improvement project."	1.51	Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. ( Adler, AC; Buck, D; Kanjia, MK; Varughese, AM, 2019)
" Over 80% of total daily dosing from age 36 weeks PCA to 1 year fell within dosing suggested by pharmacokinetic studies."	1.35	Survey of i.v. paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in neonates and infants under 1 year of age by UK anesthetists. ( Morton, NS; Wilson-Smith, EM, 2009)
" A close correlation between administered dosage of the drug, acetaminophen blood levels, and methemoglobinemia was found."	1.27	Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in pigs: controversical results to other animal models. ( Artwohl, J; Broelsch, C; Henne-Bruns, D; Kremer, B, 1988)

Research

Studies (33)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

ASES

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	7 (21.21)	18.7374
1990's	4 (12.12)	18.2507
2000's	13 (39.39)	29.6817
2010's	8 (24.24)	24.3611
2020's	1 (3.03)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kleinlein, M	1
Marschler, S	1
Neininger, MP	1
Hoeckel, M	1
Bertsche, T	1
Candido, KD	1
Perozo, OJ	1
Knezevic, NN	1
Kanjia, MK	1
Adler, AC	1
Buck, D	1
Varughese, AM	1
Abdallah, FW	1
Brull, R	1
Joshi, GP	1
Hedén, L	1
von Essen, L	1
Ljungman, G	1
McCartney, CJ	1
Nelligan, K	1
Habre, W	1
Veyckemans, F	1
Wilson-Smith, EM	1
Morton, NS	1
Salonen, A	1
Silvola, J	1
Kokki, H	1
Riff, DS	1
Duckor, S	1
Gottlieb, I	1
Diamond, E	1
Soulier, S	1
Raymond, G	1
Boesing, SE	1
Memis, D	1
Inal, MT	1
Temizoz, O	1
Genchallac, H	1
Ozdemir, H	1
Sut, N	1
Danguy des Déserts, M	1
Nguyen, BV	1
Giacardi, C	1
Commandeur, D	1
Paleiron, N	1
Hahn, TW	1
Mogensen, T	1
Lund, C	1
Jacobsen, LS	1
Hjortsoe, NC	1
Rasmussen, SN	1
Rasmussen, M	1
Ahmed, MH	1
Balment, RJ	1
Ashton, N	1
Kraft, NL	1
KJAER-LARSEN, J	1
KRONSCHWITZ, H	1
BARTH, L	1
TAYLOR, RG	1
DOKU, HC	1
Finley, GA	1
Stewart, SH	1
Buffett-Jerrott, S	1
Wright, KD	1
Millington, D	1
Ericsson, E	1
Wadsby, M	1
Hultcrantz, E	1
Kogan, A	1
Medalion, B	1
Raanani, E	1
Sharoni, E	1
Stamler, A	1
Pak, N	1
Vidne, BA	1
Eidelman, LA	1
Gerçek, A	1
Dagcinar, A	1
Ozek, MM	1
Johannessen, W	1
Gadeholt, G	1
Aarbakke, J	1
Heinze, J	1
Ziese, P	1
Ioannakis, K	1
Mendel, HG	1
Guarnieri, KM	1
Sundt, LM	1
Torjman, MC	1
Ray, K	1
Sahana, CC	1
Chaudhuri, SB	1
De, GC	1
Chatterjee, K	1
Colletti, AE	1
Vogl, HW	1
Rahe, T	1
Zambraski, EJ	1
Schmidt, A	1
Björkman, S	1
Akeson, J	1
Bremerich, DH	1
Neidhart, G	1
Heimann, K	1
Kessler, P	1
Behne, M	1
Anderson, BJ	1
Meakin, GH	1
Zanić-Matanić, D	1
Henne-Bruns, D	1
Artwohl, J	1
Broelsch, C	1
Kremer, B	1
To, EC	1
Wells, PG	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Opioid-Free Shoulder Arthroplasty[NCT03540030]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Efficacy and Side Effects of Intrathecal Morphine in Multimodal Analgesia for Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty[NCT03232957]		131 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Effect of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen When Intravenously Given Combination or Alone in Reducing Morphine Requirements After Total Knee Arthroplasty[NCT04414995]	Phase 2/Phase 3	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-05	Completed
Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Analgesic Efficacy of XP21L in Subjects With Pain Following Bunionectomy Surgery[NCT00366444]	Phase 3	201 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Effect of Celiac Plexus Block on Gastric Emptying and Symptoms Caused by Gastroparesis[NCT02420925]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to "enrollment 0")
Safety and Antipyretic Efficacy of Acetaminophen in the Febrile Intensive Care Unit Patient.[NCT02280239]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to Only enrolled 10 participants over 9 months which is less then anticipated (75).)
Comparing Pain Outcomes of Intra-operative IV Tylenol and/or IV Toradol Administration for Carpal Tunnel Release and Distal Radius Fracture Surgeries[NCT02313675]	Phase 4	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score for pain and function. Range 0-100. Low score = worse shoulder condition. Function, disability, and pain subscores (all ranges 0-50), and are summed for total ASES score. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Weeks

Morphine Use

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Observational	54.3
Non-Opioid Intervention	54.2

Morphine milli-equivalents In-hospital post-operative. Continuous scale of MME, no defined better/worse. Measured as number and dose of medications taken. For example, if the patient received an opioid, the drug and dose was recorded and converted to MME. A time frame of when to assess opioid use in-hospital post-operative was not used but was a continuous monitor for rescue opioid from in-hospital post-operative through discharge. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: In-hospital Stay

Post Op Pain

Intervention	Morphine milli-equivalents (Median)
Observational	45.0
Non-Opioid Intervention	19.0

Pain at patient discharge or 24-hours, whichever comes first - measured on a 0 (no pain) -10 (worst possible pain) numeric rating scale (NRS). A score of 0(no pain) is preferable to 10(worst possible pain) (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Simple Shoulder Test

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Observational	3.0
Non-Opioid Intervention	2.0

Simple Shoulder Test (SST) activity score. Range 0-12. 0 = worse activity score. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Months

Simple Shoulder Test

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Observational	6
Non-Opioid Intervention	6

Simple Shoulder Test (SST) activity score. Range 0-12. 0 = worse activity score. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Weeks

Additional Post Op Pain

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Observational	2.0
Non-Opioid Intervention	2.0

post-operative pain: measured on a 0 (no pain) -10 (worst) numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6hrs, 12hrs, 2 weeks, and 2 months. A score of 0(no pain) is preferable to 10(worst possible pain) (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 6hrs, 12hrs, 2weeks, 2 months

Constipation

Falls

Nausea

Pain Satisfaction

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	6 Hrs	12 hrs	2 weeks	2 months
Non-Opioid Intervention	0.0	0	0.82	0
Observational	2	4	1.3	0.7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	4	27	4
Observational	7	21	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	13	22	0
Observational	19	9	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	4	27	4
Observational	4	24	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	5	30	0
Observational	1	27	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	1	30	0
Observational	0	28	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	1	34	0
Observational	5	23	2

Satisfaction with overall pain using Numeric Pain Rating (NRS) scale. yes, no. No being better than yes. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Months

Pain Satisfaction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	29	2	4
Observational	23	5	2

Satisfaction with overall pain using Numeric Pain Rating (NRS) scale. yes, no. No being better than yes. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Weeks

Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Yes	No	Unknown
Non-Opioid Intervention	34	1	0
Observational	27	1	2

quality of life using VR-12 subscores. Physical Health (PCS) subscore and Mental Health (MCS) subscore, not summed. Range reported in weighted units. Physical Health subscore: 1 point increase in PCS is associated with 6% lower total health care expenditures, 5% lower pharmacy expenditures, 9% lower rate of hospital inpatient visits, 4% lower rate of medical provider visits, 5% lower rate of hospital outpatient visits. Mental Health sub score a 1 point increase in MCS is associated with 7% lower total health care expenditures, 4% lower pharmacy expenditures, 15% lower rate of hospital inpatient visits, and 4% lower rate of medical provider visits. Both PCS/MCS are score 0-100 with 100 indicating the highest level of health. (NCT03540030)
Timeframe: 2 Months

Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	PCS	MCS
Non-Opioid Intervention	40.3	60.8
Observational	38.4	58.7

Average Numeric Pain Rating Score (NPRS) Over 48 Hours After Bunionectomy

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	PCS	MCS
Non-Opioid Intervention	35.0	59.1
Observational	36.7	56.3

Pain intensity scores were measured using an 11-point numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) with 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain (NCT00366444)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours after bunionectomy

Median Time to Onset of Pain Relief in Patients With Meaningful Pain Relief on Day 1

Median Time to Onset of Pain Relief in Patients With Perceptible Pain Relief on Day 1

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 1

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 2

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 3

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	2.5
Placebo	5.6

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	70.2

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	26.0
Placebo	22.2

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	40
Placebo	87

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	22
Placebo	64

Day 3 data reflect the use of rescue medication only up to the time of discharge (NCT00366444)
Timeframe: Day 3

Number of Patients With at Least 30% Reduction in Pain Intensity After First Dose of Study Drug

Number of Patients With Meaningful Pain Relief on Day 1

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	5
Placebo	29

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	62
Placebo	40

Times to onset of Perceptible and Meaningful Relief were determined using the double-stopwatch method. (NCT00366444)
Timeframe: 8 hours post single dose

Number of Patients With Perceptible Pain Relief on Day 1

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	58
Placebo	35

Times to onset of Perceptible and Meaningful Relief were determined using the double-stopwatch method. (NCT00366444)
Timeframe: 8 hours post single dose

Time to Onset of at Least 30% Reduction in Pain Intensity After First Dose of Study Drug

Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) Scores 8 Hours Post Initial Dose of Study Drug

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	84
Placebo	69

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	60

Pain relief was rated using a 5-point categorial scale (0=none, 1=a little, 2=some, 3=a lot, and 4=complete) at time of dose (time=0) and over 15 time points afterwards (10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and at 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours after the initial dose on Day 1 or until time of re-medication). A score of 0 across all time points would be the lowest (worst) and a score of 60 (4 X 15 time points) would be the highest (best) possible score. (NCT00366444)
Timeframe: 8 hours post single dose

Clinically Significant Hypotension

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Zipsor (Diclofenac Potassium) Liquid Filled Capsule	8.2
Placebo	2.6

Clinically significant hypotension is defined as an acute drop in mean arterial pressure requiring treatment. Treatment is defined as either a 500 cc (or greater) fluid bolus and/or an increase in inotrope support of greater than 5 mcg/min over baseline. (NCT02280239)
Timeframe: 4 hours post acetaminophen administration

Blood Pressure

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Control Group	0
Acetaminophen Group	0

systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) will be monitored for 4 hours post intervention (NCT02280239)
Timeframe: 4 hours post intervention

Equivalent-dose of Vasoactive Medication Post Intervention

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	SBP: Pre-Intervention (2 hours)	SBP: Post-Intervention (4 hours)	DBP: Pre-Intervention (2 hours)	DBP: Post-Intervention (4 hours)	MAP: Pre-Intervention (2 hours)	MAP: Post-Intervention (4 hours)
Acetaminophen Group	122.6	119.5	66.2	65.4	84.1	82.4
Control Group	141.6	141.5	57.4	51.0	80.8	75.5

"Total dose of all vasoactive medications will be converted to total Equidose value (with the formula 10 mcg/min norepinephrine ≈ 5 mcg/kg/min dopamine ≈ 10 mcg/min epinephrine ≈ 1 mcg/min phenylephrine ≈ 0.02 u/min vasopressin as per Russell et al. (2008)) before comparing the treatment and control groups~Only 2 of the 6 participants were on low-dose vasoactive medications, (i.e., one was on norepinephrine and the other was on milrinone) therefore the pre-planned conversion calculation was not done." (NCT02280239)
Timeframe: 4 hours post intervention

Equivalent-volume Fluid Administered Post Intervention

Intervention	mcg (Number)
	Pre-Intervention (2 hours) TOTAL Norepinephrine	Pre-Intervention (2 hours) TOTAL Milrinone	Post-Intervention (4 hours) TOTAL Norepinephrine	Post-Intervention (4 hours) TOTAL Milrinone
Acetaminophen Group	NA	6000.0	NA	7000.0
Control Group	167.0	NA	576.0	NA

Total crystalloid and colloid fluid will be converted the the equi-volume dose (with the ratio 1.4:1 (as per Finfer et al.(2004) & Vincent and Weil (2006) before making comparisons between the treatment and control groups. (NCT02280239)
Timeframe: 4 hours post intervention

Fever Burden

Intervention	mL (Mean)
	Pre-Intervention (2 hours) Total fluid INTAKE	Pre-Intervention (2 hours) Total fluid OUTPUT	Post-Intervention (4 hours) Total Fluid INTAKE	Post-Intervention (4 hours) Total Fluid OUTPUT
Acetaminophen Group	298	370	612	852
Control Group	235	80	734	245

"Continuous measurements of core body temperature will be recorded for 6 hours. Fever burden (FB) is defined as area between the 6 hour temperature curve and 38.3°C cut-off and it is reported in °C-hour.~PRE-INTERVENTION FB: is reported for a 2 hour period. POST-INTERVENTION FB: post-intervention fever burden is reported for a 6 hour period and average hourly fever burden.~Peak Temperature: is the highest recorded temperature for the study period in °C Minimum Temperature: is the lowest recorded temperature for the study period in °C" (NCT02280239)
Timeframe: 6 hours post intervention

Opioid Consumption (Number of Pills Taken)

Intervention	°C*hours (Mean)
	Pre-Intervention FB (2 hours)	Post-Intervention FB (6 hours)
Acetaminophen Group	2.16	5.65
Control Group	0.97	0.74

"Daily opioid consumption assessed as number of pills taken that day, each day for 7 days post-operatively~Outcome measure reported below is mean number of opioid pills consumed per day." (NCT02313675)
Timeframe: 7 days

Postoperative Pain (Pain Scores From 0-10 Scale)

Intervention	pills consumed (Mean)
IV Tylenol	0.2
IV Toradol	0.7
IV Tylenol/Toradol Combination	1.0
Saline	0.7

This is an ordinal pain scale. The patient picks a number from 0-10 scale every 4 hours for 7 days post-operatively. 0 is no pain, 10 is the worst pain imaginable. Lower scores would be preferable to higher scores. (NCT02313675)
Timeframe: 7 days

Article	Year
Pharmacology of Acetaminophen, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, and Steroid Medications: Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks. Anesthesiology clinics, 2017, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, N	2017
Pain Management for Ambulatory Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evidence-Based Recommendations From the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2019, Volume: 128, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ambulatory Care; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthesia,	2019
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
Postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients: treatment options. Drugs & aging, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflam	2014
A pictorial and video guide to circumcision without pain. Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 2003, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Local; Attitude of Heal	2003
Scaling for size: some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Body Constitution; Bo	2002

Article	Year
Effect of high-dose paracetamol on needle procedures in children with cancer--an RCT. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2014, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool	2014
Does 1 or 2 g paracetamol added to ketoprofen enhance analgesia in adult tonsillectomy patients? Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:9 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anti-Inf	2009
Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. Clinical therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; An	2009
The effect of celiac plexus block in critically ill patients intolerant of enteral nutrition: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2010, Apr-01, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; APACHE; Blood Glucose;	2010
Analgesic effect of i.v. paracetamol: possible ceiling effect of paracetamol in postoperative pain. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2003, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: Absorption; Acetaminophen; Adult; Alfentanil; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthes	2003
High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2006, Volume: 53, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2006
Pre-surgical child behavior ratings and pain management after two different techniques of tonsil surgery. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2006, Volume: 70, Issue:10 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anti-Inflammato	2006
Early oral analgesia after fast-track cardiac anesthesia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anti-Inflammat	2007
[Strabismus surgery in children. The effect of paracetamol and bupivacaine]. Der Anaesthesist, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia; Arousal; Bupivacaine; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pain Measur	1995
The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Child; Child, P	1995
Effects of trichloroethylene anaesthesia on salivary paracetamol elimination. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Salivary Glands; Tri	1993
Preoperative rectal diclofenac versus paracetamol for tonsillectomy: effects on pain and blood loss. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2001, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Rectal; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anti-Inflammator	2001
Prophylactically-administered rectal acetaminophen does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements in infants and small children undergoing elective cleft palate repair. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Rectal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Cle	2001
[Clinical evaluation of analgesics in surgical patients in the postoperative period]. Acta medica Iugoslavica, 1987, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dextropropoxyphene; Double-Blind M	1987

Article	Year
Y-site administration of electrolyte solutions and injectable acetaminophen-A physical compatibility study with combinations frequently used in pediatric intensive care and anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia; Child; Critical Care; Humans	2023
Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2019, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia; Checklist; Child; Electronic Health Records; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans	2019
Do not add to the stress: is paracetamol prescription well tolerated by children? European journal of anaesthesiology, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Asthma; Child; Humans	2014
Survey of i.v. paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in neonates and infants under 1 year of age by UK anesthetists. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Age Factors; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Drug Utilization; Female; Health C	2009
[Acetaminophen-induced hypotension after intravenous and oral administration]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2010, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Critical Care; Huma	2010
Renal action of acute chloroquine and paracetamol administration in the anesthetized, fluid-balanced rat. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 306, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Animals; Chloroquine; Glomerular Filtration Rat	2003
[Napatyl, a new analgesic; clinical evaluation of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol with codeine]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1956, Nov-29, Volume: 118, Issue:48 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetanilides; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthesia and Analgesia; Codeine; P	1956
[The new nitrous oxide anesthesia apparatus Medi LN 418; evaluation and description]. Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen, 1957, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:33 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Humans; Nitrous Oxide	1957
USE OF A 'SOMA' COMPOUND IN PAIN CONTROL AFTER ORAL SURGERY. Journal of oral surgery, anesthesia, and hospital dental service, 1963, Volume: 21 Topics: Acetaminophen; Amphetamine; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Dental; An	1963
Anesthetic management of a newborn with Mohr (oro-facial-digital type II) syndrome. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intraveno	2007
Effects of diethyl ether anaesthesia on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and paracetamol in the rat. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1981, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia; Animals; Antipyrine; Ether; Ethyl Ethers; Kinetics; Male; Metabolic Clear	1981
Effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on renal function in anesthetized normal and sodium-depleted dogs. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1999, Volume: 86, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroida	1999
Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in pigs: controversical results to other animal models. Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie, 1988, Volume: 188, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Anesthesia; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease M	1988
Biochemical changes associated with the potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by brief anesthesia with diethyl ether. Biochemical pharmacology, 1986, Dec-01, Volume: 35, Issue:23 Topics: Acetaminophen; Alanine Transaminase; Anesthesia; Animals; Drug Synergism; Ether; Ethyl Ethers; Glucu	1986

acetaminophen and Anesthesia

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (33)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

ASES

Morphine Use

Post Op Pain

Simple Shoulder Test

Simple Shoulder Test

Additional Post Op Pain

Constipation

Constipation

Falls

Falls

Nausea

Nausea

Pain Satisfaction

Pain Satisfaction

Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore

Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore

Average Numeric Pain Rating Score (NPRS) Over 48 Hours After Bunionectomy

Median Time to Onset of Pain Relief in Patients With Meaningful Pain Relief on Day 1

Median Time to Onset of Pain Relief in Patients With Perceptible Pain Relief on Day 1

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 1

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 2

Number of Patients Who Required Rescue Medication on Day 3

Number of Patients With at Least 30% Reduction in Pain Intensity After First Dose of Study Drug

Number of Patients With Meaningful Pain Relief on Day 1

Number of Patients With Perceptible Pain Relief on Day 1

Time to Onset of at Least 30% Reduction in Pain Intensity After First Dose of Study Drug

Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) Scores 8 Hours Post Initial Dose of Study Drug

Clinically Significant Hypotension

Blood Pressure

Equivalent-dose of Vasoactive Medication Post Intervention

Equivalent-volume Fluid Administered Post Intervention

Fever Burden

Opioid Consumption (Number of Pills Taken)

Postoperative Pain (Pain Scores From 0-10 Scale)

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies