Ethyl pyruvate is an α-keto ester that has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in various conditions. It is synthesized through the reaction of pyruvic acid with ethanol in the presence of a catalyst. Ethyl pyruvate exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. It has shown promising results in preclinical studies for treating conditions such as diabetes, stroke, sepsis, and cancer. Its mechanism of action involves modulation of various cellular signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway and the Nrf2 pathway. Ethyl pyruvate has also been investigated for its potential to protect organs from damage during surgery and transplantation. Its ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibit inflammatory responses, and promote cell survival makes it an attractive therapeutic target for further research.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 12041 |
| CHEMBL ID | 173373 |
| CHEBI ID | 173421 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 25538 |
| MeSH ID | M0134727 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| ethylpyruvate |
| 03o98e01ob , |
| unii-03o98e01ob |
| propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, ethyl ester |
| nsc-48386 |
| 617-35-6 |
| ethyl 2-oxopropanoate |
| nsc48386 |
| ethyl pyruvate |
| pyruvic acid, ethyl ester |
| ethyl pyruvate, 98% |
| ethyl pyruvate, natural, >=95%, fg |
| ethyl pyruvate, >=97% |
| ethyl 2-oxopropionate |
| ai3-05636 |
| einecs 210-511-2 |
| ethyl acetylformate |
| ethyl alpha-ketopropionate |
| fema no. 2457 |
| ethyl pyroracemate |
| nsc 48386 |
| ethyl pyruvate (natural) |
| cti-01 |
| ccris 4651 |
| E-8500 |
| pyruvic acid ethyl ester |
| 2-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester |
| CHEMBL173373 |
| P0891 |
| STK802375 |
| AKOS000119054 |
| ethyl 2-oxidanylidenepropanoate |
| 2-oxopropanoic acid ethyl ester |
| A833398 |
| FT-0625792 |
| ethyl pyruvate [inci] |
| ethyl pyruvate [fhfi] |
| pyruvic acid ethyl ester [mi] |
| S6243 |
| 2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester |
| ethyl methylglyoxylate |
| DB05869 |
| BBL027737 |
| SCHEMBL25538 |
| ethyl 2-oxo-propionate |
| ethyl-2-oxopropanoate |
| DTXSID2060674 |
| mfcd00009123 |
| CS-0017821 |
| F0001-1639 |
| D72526 |
| ethyl pyruvate, >=97%, fg |
| ethyl pyruvate (3,3,3-d3) |
| pyruvic acid, ethyl ester (8ci) |
| fema 2457 |
| ethyl pyruvate, analytical standard |
| FT-0674254 |
| Q15632706 |
| AMY40824 |
| 9x7 , |
| CHEBI:173421 |
| HY-Y1362 |
| EN300-18982 |
| pyruvicacid-13cethylester |
| Z104472090 |
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid. It has been shown to have protective properties, which have been attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions. Ethyl pyRuvate is a redox analog of dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), a drug for multiple sclerosis treatment.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of the endogenous energy substrate pyruvate with neuroprotective properties, but its role in recovery from WMI has not been explored." | ( Ethyl pyruvate improves white matter remodeling in rats after traumatic brain injury. Gao, Y; Mao, L; Shi, H; Sun, B; Sun, J; Sun, L, 2021) | 2.79 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a novel anti-inflammatory agent and a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger." | ( Ethyl pyruvate supplemented in drinking water ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Dong, X; Strand-Amundsen, RJ; Sun, X; Tonnessen, TI; Yang, R; Zhu, S, 2021) | 2.79 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a stable lipophilic pyruvate derivative. " | ( Inhibitory effects of ethyl pyruvate on platelet aggregation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Chen, F; Li, C; Li, W; Mu, G; Peng, M; Yang, X, 2017) | 2.21 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate acts as a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor that preserves the integrity of mitochondria during inflammation." | ( Identification of ethyl pyruvate as a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor that preserves mitochondrial integrity. Andersson, U; Chavan, SS; Kwan, K; Li, J; Li, S; Liang, F; Lu, B; Tang, Y; Tracey, KJ; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yang, H, 2018) | 2.26 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have protective properties, which have been attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions. " | ( Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of DIPOPA (N,N-Diisopropyl-2-Oxopropanamide), an Ethyl Pyruvate Bioisoster, in the Postischemic Brain. Kim, ID; Kim, SW; Lee, H; Lee, HK; Lee, JK; Park, JY; Yoon, SH, 2019) | 2.18 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a redox analog of dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), a drug for multiple sclerosis treatment." | ( Ethyl Pyruvate Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. Djedovic, N; Jevtić, B; Mansilla, MJ; Martínez-Cáceres, EM; Miljković, Ð; Navarro-Barriuso, J; Saksida, T, 2019) | 2.68 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a candidate regulator of oxidative stress, targeting Schwann cells during peripheral nerve degeneration." | ( Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by Ethyl Pyruvate in Schwann Cells Protects Against Peripheral Nerve Degeneration. Chung, HJ; Jeong, NY; Jung, J; Kim, M, 2019) | 1.49 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a pyruvate derivative and known to be cytoprotective in various pathological conditions through anti-cell death and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury through anti-cell death and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Ji, X; Pan, H; Su, X; Wang, H; Zhao, J; Zhu, L, 2013) | 3.28 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent associated with many diseases. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Cao, G; Fang, C; Li, S; Liu, C; Liu, K; Wan, Z; Wang, B; Wu, S, 2014) | 3.29 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of the metabolic intermediate pyruvate that has been demonstrated to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent in a variety of in vivo and in vitro model systems. " | ( Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl pyruvate in endothelial cells. Fan, C; Geng, T; Li, Y; Liu, K; Tan, S; Wang, G; Xing, J; Yang, H; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yi, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, D, 2014) | 2.08 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a cytoprotective agent, while aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is a mitochondrial water channel that can induce mitochondrial swelling." | ( Ethyl pyruvate reduces hepatic mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis. Chen, J; Chen, M; Guan, X; Jiang, Z; Li, X; Lin, Z, 2015) | 2.58 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a lipid derivative of pyruvate and known as an anti-inflammatory agent effective to inhibit many diseases in experimental models. " | ( Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate in Preventing the Development of Diet-induced Atherosclerosis by Blocking the HMGB1 Expression in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Hou, C; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Xiao, H; Yu, Q, 2016) | 2.27 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust protective effect in various pathological conditions. " | ( Neuroprotective effect of ethyl pyruvate against Zn(2+) toxicity via NAD replenishment and direct Zn(2+) chelation. Kim, HJ; Kim, SW; Lee, HK; Lee, JK; Yoon, SH, 2016) | 2.18 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is an investigational drug that has been shown to protect animals in several models of critical illness including myocardial or mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, and hemorrhagic shock. " | ( A phase II multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of ethyl pyruvate in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Aberle, LG; Bennett-Guerrero, E; Fink, MP; Grigore, AM; Johnston, JM; Roach, GW; Swaminathan, M, 2009) | 2.03 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in previous numerous cell culture and animal studies. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate reduces the development of zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in mice. Bramanti, P; Caminiti, R; Crisafulli, C; Cuzzocrea, S; Di Paola, R; Esposito, E; Fink, MP; Genovese, T; Mazzon, E, 2009) | 3.24 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative in Ca(+2)- and K(+)-containing balanced salt solution of pyruvate to avoid the problems associated with the instability of pyruvate in solution. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate protects colonic anastomosis from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Bilgihan, A; Canbay, E; Cengiz, O; Dolapci, M; Eroglu, A; Huner, T; Karabeyoglu, M; Unal, B; Yildirim, O, 2009) | 3.24 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite pyruvate. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha via stimulation of the TCA cycle. Choi, JS; Jeong, JW; Kim, SY; Park, C, 2010) | 3.25 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a stable derivative of pyruvate and has been identified as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases. " | ( Inhibitory mechanism of MMP-9 gene expression by ethyl pyruvate in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Kim, HS; Lee, EJ, 2011) | 2.07 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a novel anti-inflammatory medication that improved survival in preclinical models of severe sepsis endotoxaemia and intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion in rodents, swine, sheep and dogs and may be a useful medication in horses." | ( Preliminary safety and biological efficacy studies of ethyl pyruvate in normal mature horses. Cook, VL; Gandy, JC; Hauptman, JG; Holcombe, SJ; James, MD; Schroeder, EL; Sordillo, LM, 2011) | 1.34 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a pyruvate derivative that has been reported recently to prevent lethality in mice with established lethal sepsis and systemic inflammation. " | ( Inhibition of the cerebral ischemic injury by ethyl pyruvate with a wide therapeutic window. Han, PL; Kim, JB; Kim, SY; Lee, JK; Lee, KW; Yu, YM, 2005) | 2.03 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a pyruvate derivative, and has recently been reported to prevent lethality in mice with established lethal sepsis and systemic inflammation. " | ( Anti-inflammatory mechanism is involved in ethyl pyruvate-mediated efficacious neuroprotection in the postischemic brain. Kim, JB; Kim, SW; Lee, JK; Yu, YM, 2005) | 2.03 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a widely used as a food additive and was shown to be safe in phase I clinical trials." | ( Bench-to-bedside review: Amelioration of acute renal impairment using ethyl pyruvate. Fink, MP; Reade, MC, 2005) | 1.28 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite, pyruvic acid. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate: a novel anti-inflammatory agent. Fink, MP, 2007) | 3.23 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate, which is a simple aliphatic ester derived from pyruvic acid, has been shown to improve survival and ameliorate organ system dysfunction in mice with peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and perforation, even when treatment is started as late as 12-24 hours after the onset of sepsis." | ( Ethyl pyruvate: a novel treatment for sepsis. Fink, MP, 2007) | 2.5 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a novel anti-inflammatory agent that has been shown to down-regulate proinflammatory genes following hemorrhagic shock; however, its effects on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction are unknown." | ( Ethyl pyruvate inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and attenuates pulmonary artery cytokine expression. Crisostomo, PR; Lahm, T; Meldrum, DR; Morrell, ED; Poynter, J; Tsai, BM; Wang, M, 2008) | 2.51 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a stable pyruvate derivative that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various models of systemic inflammation including endotoxemia. " | ( Intrapulmonary delivery of ethyl pyruvate attenuates lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced lung inflammation in vivo. de Vos, AF; Draing, C; Larosa, GJ; van der Poll, T; van Zoelen, MA; von Aulock, S, 2007) | 2.08 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a novel, potent anti-inflammatory agent. " | ( The protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on lung injury after burn in rats. Atasay, FO; Cengiz, O; Dolapci, M; Karabeyoglu, I; Karabeyoglu, M; Kocer, B; Ozel, U; Ustun, H, 2007) | 2.09 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite, pyruvic acid. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate. Fink, MP, 2008) | 3.23 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate is a simple molecule that has been shown to have salutary effects in numerous large and small animal models of critical illness. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate. Fink, MP, 2008) | 3.23 |
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has potent influence on redox processes, cellular metabolism, and inflammation. It has multiple immunoregulation functions in several serious illnesses, such as burn injury, severe sepsis and acute respiratory syndrome.
Ethyl pyruvate did not inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB family members but attenuated NF-KappaB DNA binding. It was shown to inhibit astrogliosis and neuroinflammation, promote neuron survival and neural regeneration.
Ethyl pyruvate treatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced cognitive decline, microglia activation, and impaired neurogenesis. Treatment restored IGF-I sensitivity as evidenced by the left shift in the IGF-i dose-response curve.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Ethyl pyruvate treatment offered effective protection against lethal endotoxemia and reduced the release of IL-1α and IL-1β." | ( Ethyl pyruvate confers protection against endotoxemia and sepsis by inhibiting caspase-11-dependent cell pyroptosis. Cheng, X; Qiu, X; Yang, X; Yuan, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, M, 2020) | 2.72 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate treatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced cognitive decline, microglia activation, and impaired neurogenesis. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Liang, F; Tang, Y; Tong, J; Xie, L; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yuan, C; Zhao, K; Zhong, X; Zhong, Y, 2020) | 3.44 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate treatment inhibited microglia activation and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). " | ( Ethyl pyruvate alleviates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Fang, R; Zhang, M; Zheng, X, 2016) | 3.32 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate treatment restored IGF-I sensitivity as evidenced by the left shift in the IGF-I dose-response curve and maintained IGF-I responsiveness for a prolonged period of time." | ( Ethyl pyruvate preserves IGF-I sensitivity toward mTOR substrates and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. Frost, RA; Lang, CH; Pereyra, E, 2011) | 2.53 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment blocked H(2)O(2) (oxidative stress)-induced HMGB1 release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, and in vivo resulted in nuclear retention and significant blunting of HMGB1 release into the circulation after IRI." | ( HMGB1 in renal ischemic injury. Ghaly, T; Goligorksy, MS; Rabadi, MM; Ratliff, BB, 2012) | 1.1 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate treatment significantly decreased serum HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels and ameliorated extrapancreatic organ dysfunction in rats with SAP." | ( Ethyl pyruvate improves survival and ameliorates distant organ injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Cheng, BQ; Fan, W; Jia, XQ; Li, WJ; Liu, CT; Zhang, SZ; Zhang, Y; Zhong, N, 2007) | 2.5 |
| "Ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment inhibits nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-mediated inflammation and has been considered for sepsis. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate decreased early nuclear factor-kappaB levels but worsened survival in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. Cui, X; Eichacker, PQ; Fitz, Y; Hsu, L; Li, X; Li, Y; Mani, H; Quezado, M; Su, J, 2008) | 3.23 |
| "Mice treated with ethyl pyruvate (EP), the inhibitor of HMGB1 releasing, were observed with lower tendency of developing depressive behaviors and reduced activation of enzymes in KP." | ( HMGB1 mediates depressive behavior induced by chronic stress through activating the kynurenine pathway. Dong, X; Gong, H; Jiang, CL; Lian, YJ; Liu, LL; Peng, W; Su, WJ; Wang, B; Wang, YX; Zhang, T, 2018) | 0.8 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been shown to protect liver failure effectively." | ( Ethyl pyruvate prevents inflammatory factors release and decreases intestinal permeability in rats with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure. Gong, ZJ; Han, XQ; Li, X; Wang, LK; Wang, LW, 2013) | 2.17 |
| "Pretreatment with ethyl pyruvate ameliorated the pathological effects of Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis and significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-1β at 3h and 6h and the level of HMGB1 at 6h and 24h post injection." | ( Ethyl pyruvate pretreatment attenuates concanavalin a-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Chen, K; Cheng, P; Dai, W; Guo, C; Lin, C; Lu, J; Shen, M; Wang, C; Wang, F; Xu, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2014) | 2.17 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate, even when started 12 hours after surgery, decreased serum creatinine, tubular damage, and multiple organ injury at 24 hours." | ( Ethyl pyruvate decreases sepsis-induced acute renal failure and multiple organ damage in aged mice. Hewitt, SM; Hu, X; Iyer, S; Miyaji, T; Muramatsu, Y; Star, RA; Yuen, PS, 2003) | 2.1 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate decreased pancreatic expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 messenger RNA and nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding in nuclear extracts prepared from pancreatic tissue." | ( Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Alber, SM; Delude, RL; Fink, MP; Han, X; Uchiyama, T; Watkins, SK; Yang, R, 2004) | 2.11 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate ameliorated the local inflammatory response and decreased local and distant organ injury in a murine model of necrotizing pancreatitis." | ( Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Alber, SM; Delude, RL; Fink, MP; Han, X; Uchiyama, T; Watkins, SK; Yang, R, 2004) | 2.12 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate has been shown to improve survival and ameliorate organ dysfunction in a wide variety of preclinical models of critical illnesses, such as severe sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, burn injury, acute pancreatitis and stroke. " | ( Ethyl pyruvate. Fink, MP, 2008) | 2.14 |
| "Treatment with ethyl pyruvate solution also significantly decreased the extent of histologic mucosal damage after mesenteric reperfusion." | ( Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal mucosal injury in rats. Ajami, AM; Fink, MP; Menconi, MJ; Sims, CA; Wattanasirichaigoon, S, 2001) | 1.07 |
Ethyl pyruvate has no adverse effects in normal horses and is biologically active based on suppression of proinflammatory gene expression in endotoxin stimulated whole blood.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Eighty MODS rats with third-degree burns were divided randomly into 4 groups: insulin, ethyl pyruvate (EP), insulin combined with EP, and control." | ( Effects of insulin combined with ethyl pyruvate on inflammatory response and oxidative stress in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome rats with severe burns. Chen, R; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2016) | 0.94 |
| "Insulin combined with EP can effectively reduce the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and main organ dysfunctions in MODS rats after severe burns." | ( Effects of insulin combined with ethyl pyruvate on inflammatory response and oxidative stress in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome rats with severe burns. Chen, R; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2016) | 0.72 |
Ethyl pyruvate also has been shown to inhibit the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in several animal models of critical illness. The same dosing regimen also ameliorated bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin from blood into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Ethyl pyruvate also has been shown to inhibit the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in several animal models of critical illness, but dose-response relationships have not been investigated." | ( Dose-dependent effects of ethyl pyruvate in mice subjected to mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion. Delude, RL; Fink, MP; Uchiyama, T, 2003) | 1.53 |
| " In this model of acute pancreatitis, the same dosing regimen for ethyl pyruvate also ameliorated bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin from blood into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid." | ( Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Alber, SM; Delude, RL; Fink, MP; Han, X; Uchiyama, T; Watkins, SK; Yang, R, 2004) | 2 |
| " In the same dosing groups, we observed normalization of oxidant/antioxidant balance and decrement of MPO activity." | ( Ethyl pyruvate reduces germ cell-specific apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion. Dehpour, AR; Kiumehr, S; Payabvash, S; Tavangar, SM, 2008) | 1.79 |
| " The mean body weight (83 kg), corresponding to a dose of 90 mg/kg at each of the 6 dosing intervals, exceeds the dose of 40 mg/kg shown to be effective in many animal models." | ( A phase II multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of ethyl pyruvate in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Aberle, LG; Bennett-Guerrero, E; Fink, MP; Grigore, AM; Johnston, JM; Roach, GW; Swaminathan, M, 2009) | 0.59 |
| " Antitumor activity was achieved in mice with a noncytotoxic dosing regimen of ethyl pyruvate shown previously to protect against lethality from sepsis." | ( Immunotherapeutic suppression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor growth with ethyl pyruvate. Curtis, P; DuHadaway, JB; Jaller, D; Metz, R; Muller, AJ; Prendergast, GC, 2010) | 0.81 |
| " Ethyl pyruvate treatment restored IGF-I sensitivity as evidenced by the left shift in the IGF-I dose-response curve and maintained IGF-I responsiveness for a prolonged period of time." | ( Ethyl pyruvate preserves IGF-I sensitivity toward mTOR substrates and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. Frost, RA; Lang, CH; Pereyra, E, 2011) | 2.72 |
| " In TBI + EP group, EP was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 75 mg/kg at 5 min, 1 and 6 h after TBI." | ( Beneficial effects of ethyl pyruvate through inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 expression and TLR4/NF-κB pathway after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Mao, L; Pan, H; Su, X; Wang, H; Zhao, J, 2011) | 0.68 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| oxo carboxylic acid | Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2 (0.62) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (0.62) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 94 (28.92) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 188 (57.85) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 39 (12.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (39.17) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 4 (1.20%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 23 (6.93%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 305 (91.87%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||