Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Biological oxidations

Proteins (147)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Vitamin D 25-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.14.24; Cytochrome P450 2R1Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2U1Long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.80Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2S1EC 1.14.14.-; CYPIIS1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152; Thromboxane-A synthase; 5.3.99.5Homo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmicEC 6.2.1.1; Acetate--CoA ligase; Acetyl-CoA synthetase; ACS; AceCS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase 1; AceCS1; Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2; Acyl-activating enzyme; Propionate--CoA ligase; 6.2.1.17Homo sapiens (human)
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylaseCH24H; EC 1.14.14.25; Cholesterol 24-monooxygenase; Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 46A1Homo sapiens (human)
Steroid 21-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.14.16; 21-OHase; Cytochrome P-450c21; Cytochrome P450 21; Cytochrome P450 XXI; Cytochrome P450-C21; Cytochrome P450-C21BHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1A2EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIA2; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P(3)450; Cytochrome P450 4; Cytochrome P450-P3; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Heat shock protein HSP 90-betaHSP 90; Heat shock 84 kDa; HSP 84; HSP84Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 3A4EC 1.14.14.1; 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.56; Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming); 1.14.14.73; Albendazole sulfoxidase; CYPIIIA3; CYPIIIA4; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 3A3; CytochromeHomo sapiens (human)
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]EC 1.10.5.1; NRH dehydrogenase [quinone] 2; NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2; Quinone reductase 2; QR2Homo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type A; MAO-AHomo sapiens (human)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1EC 1.14.99.1; Cyclooxygenase-1; COX-1; Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1; PGH synthase 1; PGHS-1; PHS 1; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Bile acid receptorFarnesoid X-activated receptor; Farnesol receptor HRR-1; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4; Retinoid X receptor-interacting protein 14; RXR-interacting protein 14Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome b5 type BCytochrome b5 outer mitochondrial membrane isoformHomo sapiens (human)
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3Microsomal GST-3; Glutathione peroxidase MGST3; 1.11.1.-; LTC4 synthase MGST3; 4.4.1.20; Microsomal glutathione S-transferase III; Microsomal GST-IIIHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1ST1B1; Sulfotransferase 1B1; EC 2.8.2.-; Sulfotransferase 1B2; ST1B2; Thyroid hormone sulfotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Maleylacetoacetate isomeraseMAAI; EC 5.2.1.2; GSTZ1-1; Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1; 2.5.1.18Homo sapiens (human)
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3EC 1.1.1.184; NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase 3; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 21C member 2Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A3 ST1A3; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4; Catecholamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase; HAST3; M-PST; Monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase; Placental estrogen sulfotransferase; Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4; Sulfotransferase, monoamine-preferHomo sapiens (human)
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2EC 2.3.1.5; Arylamide acetylase 2; N-acetyltransferase type 2; NAT-2; Polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase; PNATHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A2ST1A2; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 2; Phenol sulfotransferase 2; Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 2; P-PST 2Homo sapiens (human)
Valacyclovir hydrolaseVACVase; Valacyclovirase; EC 3.1.-.-; Biphenyl hydrolase-like protein; Biphenyl hydrolase-related protein; Bph-rp; Breast epithelial mucin-associated antigen; MCNAAHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1C2ST1C2; EC 2.8.2.-; Sulfotransferase 1C1; SULT1C#1; humSULTC2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-theta-2Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2A13EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIIA13Homo sapiens (human)
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrialEC 1.14.15.18; 25-OHD-1 alpha-hydroxylase; 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 1-alpha-hydroxylase; VD3 1A hydroxylase; Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase; Cytochrome P450 subfamily XXVIIB polypeptide 1; Cytochrome P450C1 alpha; Cytochrome P450VD1-alpha; Cytochrome p450 27B1Homo sapiens (human)
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthaseH-PGDS; EC 5.3.99.2; GST class-sigma; Glutathione S-transferase; 2.5.1.18; Glutathione-dependent PGD synthase; Glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthase; Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomeraseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1A1CYPIA1; EC 1.14.14.1; Cytochrome P450 form 6; Cytochrome P450-C; Cytochrome P450-P1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1Microsomal GST-1; EC 2.5.1.18; Microsomal GST-IHomo sapiens (human)
AromataseEC 1.14.14.14; CYPXIX; Cytochrome P-450AROM; Cytochrome P450 19A1; Estrogen synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1EC 1.1.1.2; EC 1.1.1.372; EC 1.1.1.54; Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Aldehyde reductase; Glucuronate reductase; 1.1.1.19; Glucuronolactone reductase; 1.1.1.20Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrialAldosterone synthase; ALDOS; Aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme; CYPXIB2; Corticosterone 18-monooxygenase, CYP11B2; 1.14.15.5; Cytochrome P-450Aldo; Cytochrome P-450C18; Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase, CYP11B2; 1.14.15.4; Steroid 18-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaNuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 1; Retinoid X receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-mu 3; GSTM3-3; hGSTM3-3Homo sapiens (human)
AdenosylhomocysteinaseAdoHcyase; EC 3.3.1.1; S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Thromboxane-A synthase TXA synthase; TXS; EC 5.3.99.5; Cytochrome P450 5A1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type B; MAO-BHomo sapiens (human)
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial24-OHase; Vitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase; EC 1.14.15.16; Cytochrome P450 24A1; Cytochrome P450-CC24Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1B1EC 1.14.14.1; CYPIB1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase A3EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-alpha member 3; Glutathione S-transferase A3-3Homo sapiens (human)
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylaseLDM; EC 1.14.14.154; CYPLI; Cytochrome P450 51A1; Cytochrome P450-14DM; Cytochrome P45014DM; Cytochrome P450LI; Sterol 14-alpha demethylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1mARC1; EC 1.7.-.-; Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase C-terminal domain-containing protein 1; MOSC domain-containing protein 1; Moco sulfurase C-terminal domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 4A1ST4A1; EC 2.8.2.-; Brain sulfotransferase-like protein; hBR-STL; hBR-STL-1; Nervous system sulfotransferase; NSTHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2GSTO-2; EC 2.5.1.18; Glutathione S-transferase omega 2-2; GSTO 2-2; Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase; 1.8.5.1; Monomethylarsonic acid reductase; MMA(V) reductase; 1.20.4.2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1EC 2.5.1.18; GST 13-13; GST class-kappa; GSTK1-1; hGSTK1; Glutathione S-transferase subunit 13Homo sapiens (human)
Arylacetamide deacetylaseEC 3.1.1.3Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunitGCS light chain; Gamma-ECS regulatory subunit; Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit; Glutamate--cysteine ligase modifier subunitHomo sapiens (human)
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1EC 1.14.13.8; Dimethylaniline oxidase 1; Fetal hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; FMO 1Homo sapiens (human)
Dipeptidase 1EC 3.4.13.19; Beta-lactamase; 3.5.2.6; Dehydropeptidase-I; Microsomal dipeptidase; Renal dipeptidase; hRDPHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1C4ST1C4; EC 2.8.2.-; Sulfotransferase 1C2; SULT1C#2Homo sapiens (human)
Retinal dehydrogenase 1RALDH 1; RalDH1; EC 1.2.1.-; EC 1.2.1.36; ALDH-E1; ALHDII; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolicHomo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.2.1.3; ALDH class 2; ALDH-E2; ALDHIHomo sapiens (human)
Epoxide hydrolase 1 EC 3.3.2.9; Epoxide hydratase; Microsomal epoxide hydrolase; mEHHomo sapiens (human)
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1EC 2.3.1.5; Arylamide acetylase 1; Monomorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase; MNAT; N-acetyltransferase type 1; NAT-1Homo sapiens (human)
Catechol O-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.6Homo sapiens (human)
Aryl hydrocarbon receptorAh receptor; AhR; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 76; bHLHe76Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1E1ST1E1; EC 2.8.2.4; EST-1; Estrogen sulfotransferase; Sulfotransferase, estrogen-preferringHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1GSTO-1; EC 2.5.1.18; Glutathione S-transferase omega 1-1; GSTO 1-1; Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase; 1.8.5.1; Monomethylarsonic acid reductase; MMA(V) reductase; 1.20.4.2; S-(Phenacyl)glutathione reductase; SPG-RHomo sapiens (human)
Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrialEC 1.14.15.15; 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol 26-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P-450C27/25; Cytochrome P450 27; Sterol 27-hydroxylase; Vitamin D(3) 25-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 3A43 EC 1.14.14.1Homo sapiens (human)
S-formylglutathione hydrolaseFGH; EC 3.1.2.12; Esterase D; Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase; 3.1.1.56Homo sapiens (human)
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.1Homo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1NCoA-1; EC 2.3.1.48; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 74; bHLHe74; Protein Hin-2; RIP160; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-52; Steroid receptor coactivator 1; SRC-1Homo sapiens (human)
Dipeptidase 2EC 3.4.13.19Homo sapiens (human)
Dipeptidase 3EC 3.4.13.19Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase A2EC 2.5.1.18; GST HA subunit 2; GST class-alpha member 2; GST-gamma; GSTA2-2; GTH2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1EC 2.5.1.18; GST HB subunit 4; GST class-mu 1; GSTM1-1; GSTM1a-1a; GSTM1b-1b; GTH4Homo sapiens (human)
Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidaseEC 1.5.3.13; Polyamine oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2AdoMet synthase 2; EC 2.5.1.6; Methionine adenosyltransferase 2; MAT 2; Methionine adenosyltransferase II; MAT-IIHomo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2NCoA-2; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 75; bHLHe75; Transcriptional intermediary factor 2; hTIF2Homo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 2mARC2; EC 1.7.-.-; Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase C-terminal domain-containing protein 2; MOSC domain-containing protein 2; Moco sulfurase C-terminal domain-containing protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
Podocalyxin-like protein 2EndoglycanHomo sapiens (human)
Retina-specific copper amine oxidaseRAO; EC 1.4.3.21; Amine oxidase [copper-containing]; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; SSAOHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase A1EC 2.5.1.18; 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate peroxidase; 1.11.1.-; Androst-5-ene-3,17-dione isomerase; 5.3.3.-; GST HA subunit 1; GST class-alpha member 1; GST-epsilon; GSTA1-1; GTH1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase PEC 2.5.1.18; GST class-pi; GSTP1-1Homo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3EC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase 5; Alcohol dehydrogenase class chi chain; Alcohol dehydrogenase class-III; Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase; FALDH; FDH; GSH-FDH; 1.1.1.-; S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase; 1.1.1.284Homo sapiens (human)
NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductaseCPR; P450R; EC 1.6.2.4Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 UGT1A1; EC 2.4.1.17; Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1; hUG-BR1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1; UDPGT 1-1; UGT1*1; UGT1-01; UGT1.1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)
Membrane primary amine oxidaseEC 1.4.3.21; Copper amine oxidase; HPAO; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; SSAO; Vascular adhesion protein 1; VAP-1Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10UGT1A10; EC 2.4.1.17; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10; UDPGT 1-10; UGT1*10; UGT1-10; UGT1.10; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-J; UGT-1J; UGT1JHomo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1AEC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4EC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 4; Alcohol dehydrogenase class II pi chainHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzymeEC 3.4.19.13; Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1; GGT 1; 2.3.2.2; Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase; 3.4.19.14Homo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADEC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain; 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase class IV mu/sigma chain; Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase; Omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase ADH7; 1.1.1.66; Retinol dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Thiopurine S-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.67; Thiopurine methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Methionine synthaseMS; EC 2.1.1.13; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase; Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase; Vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 B5R; Cytochrome b5 reductase; EC 1.6.2.2; Diaphorase-1Homo sapiens (human)
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrialEC 1.14.15.6; CYPXIA1; Cholesterol desmolase; Cytochrome P450 11A1; Cytochrome P450(scc)Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunitEC 6.3.2.2; GCS heavy chain; Gamma-ECS; Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetaseHomo sapiens (human)
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2EC 1.14.13.8; Dimethylaniline oxidase 2; FMO 1B1; Pulmonary flavin-containing monooxygenase 2; FMO 2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione synthetaseGSH synthetase; GSH-S; EC 6.3.2.3; Glutathione synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1EC 3.1.3.7; Bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase 1; PAP-inositol 1,4-phosphatase; PIPHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BEC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1CEC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]DAO; Diamine oxidase; EC 1.4.3.22; Amiloride-binding protein 1; Amine oxidase copper domain-containing protein 1; Histaminase; Kidney amine oxidase; KAOHomo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4UGT1A4; EC 2.4.1.17; Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2; hUG-BR2; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4; UDPGT 1-4; UGT1*4; UGT1-04; UGT1.4; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D; UGT-1D; UGT1DHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-mu 2; GSTM2-2Homo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 6EC 1.1.1.1Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrialEC 1.2.1.3; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring EC 1.2.1.5; ALDHIII; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A1Homo sapiens (human)
Prostaglandin E synthase 3EC 5.3.99.3; Cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase; cPGES; Hsp90 co-chaperone; Progesterone receptor complex p23; Telomerase-binding protein p23Homo sapiens (human)
AH receptor-interacting proteinAIP; Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein; HBV X-associated protein 2; XAP-2; Immunophilin homolog ARA9Homo sapiens (human)
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3EC 1.14.13.8; EC 1.14.14.73; Dimethylaniline oxidase 3; FMO II; FMO form 2; Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; FMO 3; Trimethylamine monooxygenase; 1.14.13.148Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase A4EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-alpha member 4; Glutathione S-transferase A4-4Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-theta-1; Glutathione transferase T1-1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-mu 5; GSTM5-5Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A1ST1A1; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 1; HAST1/HAST2; Phenol sulfotransferase 1; Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1; P-PST 1; ST1A3; Thermostable phenol sulfotransferase; Ts-PSTHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-mu 4; GST-Mu2; GSTM4-4; Leukotriene C4 synthase GSTM4; 4.4.1.20Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 2A1ST2A1; EC 2.8.2.2; Bile salt sulfotransferase; 2.8.2.14; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase; DHEA-ST; DHEA-ST8; Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase; HST; ST2; SULT2A3Homo sapiens (human)
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2Microsomal GST-2; EC 2.5.1.18; Glutathione peroxidase MGST2; 1.11.1.-; Leukotriene C4 synthase MGST2; 4.4.1.20; Microsomal glutathione S-transferase II; Microsomal GST-IIHomo sapiens (human)
Arsenite methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.137; Methylarsonite methyltransferase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Multifunctional methyltransferase subunit TRM112-like proteintRNA methyltransferase 112 homologHomo sapiens (human)
Gamma-glutamylcyclotransferaseEC 4.3.2.9; Cytochrome c-releasing factor 21Homo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 1A4 ST1A4; EC 2.8.2.1; Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4; Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4Homo sapiens (human)
Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidaseEC 3.4.13.18; CNDP dipeptidase 2; Carnosine dipeptidase II; Epididymis secretory protein Li 13; Glutamate carboxypeptidase-like protein 1; Peptidase AHomo sapiens (human)
Pro-opiomelanocortinPOMC; Corticotropin-lipotropinHomo sapiens (human)
NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrialAR; Adrenodoxin reductase; EC 1.18.1.6; Ferredoxin--NADP(+) reductase; Ferredoxin reductaseHomo sapiens (human)
Methionine synthase reductase MSR; EC 1.16.1.8; Aquacobalamin reductase; AqCbl reductase; 1.16.1.-Homo sapiens (human)
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2EC 1.1.1.n11; AFB1 aldehyde reductase 1; AFB1-AR 1; Aldoketoreductase 7; Succinic semialdehyde reductase; SSA reductaseHomo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenaseUDP-Glc dehydrogenase; UDP-GlcDH; UDPGDH; EC 1.1.1.22Homo sapiens (human)
Aminoacylase-1ACY-1; EC 3.5.1.14; N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressorAhR repressor; AhRR; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 77; bHLHe77Homo sapiens (human)
24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.14.26; Cytochrome P450 39A1; hCYP39A1; Oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
N-acyl-aromatic-L-amino acid amidohydrolase (carboxylate-forming)EC 3.5.1.114; Acylase III; Aminoacylase-3; ACY-3; Aspartoacylase-2; Hepatitis C virus core-binding protein 1; HCBP1; HCV core-binding protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Putative glutathione hydrolase 3 proenzymeEC 3.4.19.13; Gamma-glutamyltransferase 3; Putative gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 3; GGT 3; 2.3.2.2Homo sapiens (human)
5-oxoprolinaseEC 3.5.2.9; 5-oxo-L-prolinase; 5-OPase; PyroglutamaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 3EC 1.-.-.-; AFB1 aldehyde reductase 2; AFB1-AR 2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2BEC 2.5.1.18; GST class-theta-2; Glutathione S-transferase theta-2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzymeEC 3.4.19.13; Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-related enzyme; GGT-rel; Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5; GGT 5; 2.3.2.2; Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 5; Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase; 3.4.19.14Homo sapiens (human)
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferaseEC 2.7.7.9; UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; UDPGP; UGPaseHomo sapiens (human)
Sulfotransferase 6B1ST6B1; Thyroxine sulfotransferase; 2.8.2.n2Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 4F22EC 1.14.14.-Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione hydrolase 6EC 3.4.19.13; Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6; GGT 6; 2.3.2.2; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 6Homo sapiens (human)
Carboxylesterase 3EC 3.1.1.1; Liver carboxylesterase 31 homologHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 26C1EC 1.14.-.-Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 4V2Docosahexaenoic acid omega-hydroxylase CYP4V2; 1.14.14.79; Long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.80Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase A5EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-alpha member 5; Glutathione S-transferase A5-5Homo sapiens (human)
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 4EC 1.-.-.-; AFB1 aldehyde reductase 3; AFB1-AR 3; Aldoketoreductase 7-likeHomo sapiens (human)
Carboxymethylenebutenolidase homologEC 3.1.-.-Homo sapiens (human)
Protein ABHD14BEC 3.-.-.-; Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 14B; Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 14B; CCG1-interacting factor BHomo sapiens (human)
UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transporterUDP-GlcA/UDP-GalNAc transporter; Solute carrier family 35 member D1; UDP-galactose transporter-related protein 7; UGTrel7Homo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.1; Acetate--CoA ligase 2; Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2; AceCS2; Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1; Propionate--CoA ligase; 6.2.1.17Homo sapiens (human)
Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10, mitochondrialEC 3.1.2.22; Acyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10; Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 10; Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 10; Mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase, mitochondrial; 3.1.1.93Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-resident adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate 3'-phosphataseGolgi-resident PAP phosphatase; gPAPP; EC 3.1.3.7; 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 2; Inositol monophosphatase domain-containing protein 1; Myo-inositol monophosphatase A3; Phosphoadenosine phosphate 3'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit betaMethionine adenosyltransferase II beta; MAT II beta; Putative dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 4-reductaseHomo sapiens (human)
Glutathione hydrolase 7EC 3.4.19.13; Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7; GGT 7; 2.3.2.2; Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like 3; Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like 5; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 7Homo sapiens (human)
Methyltransferase N6AMT1HemK methyltransferase family member 2; M.HsaHemK2P; Lysine N-methyltransferase 9; 2.1.1.-; Methylarsonite methyltransferase N6AMT1; 2.1.1.-; Protein N(5)-glutamine methyltransferase; 2.1.1.-Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (220)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
n-Butyrate
pregnenolone sulfateRN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer
GlutathioneA tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
olmesartan medoxomilAn ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.
methimazoleA thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.
acyclovirA GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.
valacyclovirA prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.
ArginineAn essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.
olmesartanan active metabolite of CS 866
acetic acidProduct of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
phenytoinAn anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
acetaminophenAnalgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
NADH
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
Ammonium
cyclophosphamidePrecursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
CopperA heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
benzoic acidA fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
caffeineA methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
tamoxifenOne of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.
ManganeseA trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
LithiumAn element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.
debrisoquinAn adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
IronA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
estrone sulfatesulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd
chlorineAn element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.
phenyl acetateThe ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.
hydrochloric acidA strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
halothaneA nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
paclitaxelA cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.
Orthophosphate
Dopamine Hydrochloride
lauric acid
loperamideOne of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.
Glutathione DisulfideA GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
Flavin MononucleotideA coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
tretinoinAn important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
cocaineAn alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
alitretinoinA retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.
phenacetinA phenylacetamide that was formerly used in ANALGESICS but nephropathy and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA led to its withdrawal from the market. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology,1991, p431)
cholesteryl sulfatecomponent of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer
calcitriolThe physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
cholecalciferolDerivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
epoprostenolA prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).
calcifediolThe major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.
dextromethorphanMethyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
dextrorphanDextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.
Cobalamins
tolbutamideA sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
HydrocortisoneThe main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.
EstradiolThe 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
estroneAn aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.
dehydroepiandrosteroneA major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.
ProgesteroneThe major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
CholesterolThe principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
TestosteroneA potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
uridine diphosphateA uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.
adenosineA nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
desoxycorticosteroneA steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE
mercaptopurineAn antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.
EthanolA clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
Uridine TriphosphateUridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
formaldehydeA highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
phenylsulfateRN given refers to parent cpd
hydrogenThe first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
hydroquinone
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
acetaminophen sulfate esterRN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source
methanolA colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
pregnenoloneA 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
melatoninA biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
phenolAn antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
sulfolithocholic acidRN refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer
salicylatesThe salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
18-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acidstructure given in first source
phenethylamineRN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016
6-hydroxytaxolstructure in first source
salicylurateRN given refers to parent cpd
aflatoxin b1-2,3-oxide
aflatoxin q1
pyridineRN given refers to parent cpd
18-hydroxycorticosterone11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.
trimethyloxamineused in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure
trimethylamineassociated with egg taints - comparable to an egg having bad breath; degradation product of nitrogenous plant & animal substances; converted to free tertiary amine during putrefaction; detected in menstrual blood & urine stored at room temp; used as insect attractant; warming agent for gas; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
7,25-dihydroxycholesterolhas various immunosupressive effects; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88
salicyl-coenzyme Asignificantly suppressed LPS-induced PGE(2) production
24-hydroxycholesterol
dopamine 3-o-sulfateend product of L-Dopa metabolism in Parkinson patients; see also record for dopamine 4-O-sulfate
triiodothyronine sulfate
7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-onestructure
isocaproaldehydeproduced from side-chain cleavage of 20,22-dihydroxycholesterol
1-methylpyridiniumRN given refers to parent cpd
mercaptoethanolA water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.
adenosine monophosphateAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
methanearsonous acidRN given refers to parent cpd
acetaldehydeA colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.
hydroxyphenytoinmain metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure
benzaldehydeRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
benzeneToxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
chloroethylene oxidepostulated metabolite of vinyl chloride; structure
cacodylic acidAn arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide.
formate
3-hydroxypalmitic acid
tamoxifen n-oxide
3,3'-diiodothyronine-4-sulfateRN refers to (L)-isomer
7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholesten-3-oneinermediate in bile acid biosynthesis
carboxyphosphamidemetabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure
coumarineffective in reducing edema following crush & thermal injury; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2547; Coumarin itself occurs in the Tonka bean
hydroxymethyltolbutamidetolbutamide metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-epoxideRN given refers to cpd with unspecifiedisomeric designation
4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene, (cis)-isomer
SerotoninA biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
nicotinamide-beta-riboside
taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehydethe major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by activated human phagocytes
cortodoxone17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienola meiosis activating sterol; RN given refers to (5alpha,3beta)-isomer
prostaglandin h2A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.
s-hydroxymethylglutathione
benzoylecgoninecocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure
1,7-dimethylxanthine
n(1)-acetylspermidine
leukotriene b4The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
thromboxane a2An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).
5,12,20-trihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acidRN given refers to (S-(R*,R*-(E,E,Z,Z)))-isomer
prostaglandin g2
7-hydroxycoumarinactive metabolite of coumarin; RN given refers to parent cpd
4-hydroxyestradiolcatechol estrogen
1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E,24S)-isomer
glycitein
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acidA lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)
glutamate
tramazoline
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
tyramineAn indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
6-methylthiopurine
aldosteroneA hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
hydroxyacetylaminofluoreneA N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.
dinitrochlorobenzeneA skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.
trifluoroacetyl chlorideanesthetics are believed to trigger hepatitis by covalently linking a trifluoroacetyl (TFA) chloride hapten to hepatic proteins, forming haptenated self-proteins
ethylene
vinyl chlorideA gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.
ethylene oxideA colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)
CysteineA thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.
4-hydroxyretinoic acidRN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure
20,22-dihydroxycholesterolRN given refers to (3beta,22R)-isomer
estradiol-3-sulfateRN given refers to (17beta)-isomer
skatole
arsenitesalt of arsenous acid XASO(3)
polyglutamineRN given for (D)-isomer
SpermidineA polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.
BilirubinA bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.
4-biphenylamineused in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
protocatechuic acidRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
3-aminopropionaldehydestructure given in first source
4-nitrophenyl butyrate
12-hydroxydodecanoic acid
indoleRN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4840
4-nitrophenolRN given refers to parent cpd
n-demethylloperamideloperamide metabolite; structure in first source
benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dionea metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene; structure given in first source
4-hydroxydebrisoquinprincipal metabolite of above; RN given refers to parent cpd
cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diolsubstrate for hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; RN given refers to (3beta,7alpha)-isomer
5-hydroxymethylomeprazolemetabolite of omeprazole
1H-imidazole-4-acetaldehyde
aflatoxin m1A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Cacodylate
3-methyleneindoleninestructure given in first source
aflatoxin b1A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
S-formylglutathione
7 alpha,26-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
Dehydroepiandrosterone SulfateThe circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.
19-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acidpotent stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate
lanosterolA triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS.
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
Coenzyme A
Peremin
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione
2-acetylaminofluorene-n-sulfatereactive intermediate of 2-acetylaminofluorene; structure given in first source
2-oxindoleRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
perfosfamide
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneiminereactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B(1), 14C-labeled
resveratrolA stilbene and non-flavonoid polyphenol produced by various plants including grapes and blueberries. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and the activity of several DNA HELICASES in vitro.
SpermineA biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
benzoyl-coenzyme ARN given refers to unlabeled cpd
phenylacetyl-coenzyme A
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
Adenosine Phosphosulfate5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.
corticosteroneAn adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils
carbon tetrachlorideA solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
androstenedioneA delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.
25-hydroxycholesterol
6 beta-hydroxytestosteroneRN given refers to (6beta,17beta)-isomer
3,3'-diiodothyronineRN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation
hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde
methylthioethanol
4-nitrophenyl sulfateRN given refers to parent cpd
n-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
adriamycinol
phenetidineUsed in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.
cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diolisolated from human brain
4-hydroxycyclophosphamideprimary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
phenylacetaldehyde