Compounds > darunavir
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darunavir

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Description

Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID213039
CHEMBL ID1323
CHEBI ID367163
SCHEMBL ID118546
MeSH IDM0461844

Synonyms (130)

Synonym
HY-17040
tmc-41629
mc-114
uic-940t
(-)-darunavir
[(3as,4r,6ar)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-4-yl] n-[(1s,2r)-3-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-isobutyl-amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-propyl]carbamate
tmc114
DRV ,
uic-96017
tmc 114
prezista(tm)
carbamic acid, [(1s,2r)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-, (3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl ester
darunavir
tmc-114
prezista naive
darunavir (usan/inn)
D03656
206361-99-1
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(1s,2r)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate
darunavir (drv)
chembl1323 ,
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-[(2s,3r)-4-[(4-aminobenzene)(2-methylpropyl)sulfonamido]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
bdbm8125
uic-94017
2IDW
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-((1s,2r)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-(n1-isobutylsulfanilamido)propyl)carbamate
n-((1s,2r)-3-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)(2-methylpropyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1-benzylpropyl)((1s,2r,5r)-4,6-dioxabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-2-yloxy)carboxamide
2F8G
2HS1
2F81
[(s)-3-[(4-amino-benzenesulfonyl)-isobutyl-amino]-2-hydroxy-1-((r)-phenylmethyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid (3r,3as,6ar)-(hexahydro-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl) ester
(3r,3as,6ar)-tetrahydro-2h-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl (2s,3r)-4-(4-amino-n-neopentylphenylsulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylcarbamate
{(1s,2r)-3-[(4-amino-benzenesulfonyl)-isobutyl-amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-propyl}-carbamic acid (3r,3as,6ar)-(hexahydro-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl) ester
2IEN
(3r,3as,6ar)-tetrahydro-2h-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl (2s,3r)-4-(4-amino-n-isobutylphenylsulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylcarbamate
DB01264
2F80
2HS2
NCGC00168773-01
darunavir [usan]
CHEBI:367163 ,
darunavirum
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-((1s,2r)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-(n(1)-isobutylsulfanilamido)propyl)carbamate
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl [(2s,3r)-4-{[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](2-methylpropyl)amino}-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
3D20
3D1Z
3CYW
3BVB
[(3as,4r,6ar)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-4-yl] n-[(2s,3r)-4-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
dtxsid0046779 ,
dtxcid8026779
tox21_112634
cas-206361-99-1
BCP9000587
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-3-yl n-((1s,2r)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-(n(sup 1)-isobutylsulfanilamido)propyl)carbamate
darunavirum [inn-latin]
tmc41629
darunavir [usan:inn:ban]
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-3-yl n-((1s,2r)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-(n1-isobutylsulfanilamido)propyl)carbamate
tmc 41629
unii-yo603y8113
carbamic acid, ((1s,2r)-3-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)(2-methylpropyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl)-, (3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofurano(2,3-b)furan-3-yl ester
hsdb 7788
yo603y8113 ,
((1s,2r)-3-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)(2-methylpropyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl)-carbamic acid (3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofurano(2,3-b)furan-3-yl ester
AKOS015966592
aids073035
drv & hsa
darunavir & alpha1-acid glycoprotein
drv & aag
BCP0726000058
darunavir [inn]
darunavir [orange book]
darunavir [mi]
darunavir [hsdb]
darunavir [ema epar]
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-3-yl ((1s,2r)-3-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)(isobutyl)amino)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl)carbamate
darunavir [vandf]
darunavir [mart.]
((1s,2r)-3-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)(2-methylpropyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl)-carbamic acid (3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-3-yl ester
darunavir [who-dd]
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-3-yl ((2s,3r)-4-((4-amino-n-isobutylphenyl)sulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate
3QOZ
4HLA
CS-0749
S5250
SCHEMBL118546
3PWM
3LZU
3GGU
3TKW
3LZS
3U7S
3LZV
3EKT
3T3C
3OGP
3S53
3SO9
3S54
CJBJHOAVZSMMDJ-HEXNFIEUSA-N
AC-26778
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl ((2s,3r)-4-(4-amino-n-isobutylphenylsulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate
AB01565837_02
mfcd09260006
3TTP
4LL3
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-[(2s,3r)-3-hydroxy-4-[n-(2-methylpropyl)(4-aminobenzene)sulfonamido]-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
gtpl11243
[(3r,3as,6ar)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[5,4-b]furan-3-yl] n-[(2s,3r)-4-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
darunavir, >=98% (hplc)
J-013483
HMS3715I13
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl (2s,3r)-4-(4-amino-n-isobutylphenylsulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylcarbamate
Q3765251
EX-A4009
KS-1469
3-(4-amino-phenoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacidtert-butylester
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-[(1s,2r)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamate
NCGC00388284-08
AMY373
CCG-269991
NCGC00388284-07
206361-99-1 (free)
derunavir
NCGC00388284-12
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl((2s,3r)-4-(4-amino-n-isobutylphenylsulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate
EN300-20600172
(3r,3as,6ar)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl n-[(2s,3r)-3-hydroxy-4-[n-(2-methylpropyl)-4-aminobenzenesulfonamido]-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate
Z2301684748

Research Excerpts

Overview

Darunavir is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor boosted with ritonavir (DRV/r) or cobicistat. It is an efficacious drug; however, pharmacokinetic variability has been reported.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Darunavir is an anti-HIV protease inhibitor repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 treatment."( Comparative Population Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir in SARS-CoV-2 Patients vs. HIV Patients: The Role of Interleukin-6.
Biasizzo, J; Cojutti, PG; Della Siega, P; Fabris, M; Givone, F; Londero, A; Pea, F; Tascini, C, 2020)		2.26
"Darunavir (DRV) is a potent antiviral drug used for treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). "( Preparation and Characterization of Two Immunogens and Production of Polyclonal Antibody with High Affinity and Specificity for Darunavir.
Almehizia, AA; Darwish, IA; Herqash, RN; Radwan, AA, 2020)		2.21
"Darunavir (DRV) is a highly potent protease inhibitor (PI) that is oftentimes effective when drug resistance has emerged against first-generation inhibitors."( Darunavir-Resistant HIV-1 Protease Constructs Uphold a Conformational Selection Hypothesis for Drug Resistance.
Bentz, K; Fanucci, GE; Hu, L; Liu, Z; Pham, L; Savin, DA; Tran, TT, 2020)		2.72
"Darunavir is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor boosted with ritonavir (DRV/r) or cobicistat."( The DIANA Study: Continued Access to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) and Long-Term Safety Follow-Up in HIV-1-Infected Pediatric Patients Aged 3 to < 18 Years.
Blanche, S; Chetty, P; Hufkens, V; Masenya, M; Opsomer, M; Vanveggel, S; Violari, A, 2021)		2.34
"Darunavir is an efficacious drug; however, pharmacokinetic variability has been reported. "( Risk factors contributing to a low darunavir plasma concentration.
Alffenaar, JC; Bierman, WFW; Daskapan, A; Kosterink, JGW; Stienstra, Y; Touw, DJ; van der Werf, TS, 2018)		2.2
"Darunavir/ritonavir is a potent PI with a high genetic barrier and pharmacological robustness favourably investigated as monotherapy. "( Darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy at a low dose (600/100 mg/day) in HIV-1-infected individuals with suppressed HIV viraemia.
Assoumou, L; Caby, F; Calin, R; Katlama, C; Lê, MP; Marcelin, AG; Nguyen, T; Peytavin, G; Schneider, L; Seang, S; Soulie, C; Tubiana, R; Valantin, MA, 2018)		3.37
"Darunavir (PrezistaTM) is a new protease inhibitor of HIV-1."( Drug-Drug Interactions Between PA-824 and Darunavir Based on Pharmacokinetics in Rats by LC-MS-MS.
Feng, T; Jing, J; Liu, X; Mi, L; Shen, X; Wang, L; Zhang, R; Zhang, S; Zhao, J; Zhou, N, 2018)		1.47
"Darunavir (DRV) is an antiretroviral drug used to treat and prevent human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), but whether DRV is protective against CPT-11-induced intestinal toxicity is unclear."( Darunavir alleviates irinotecan-induced intestinal toxicity in Vivo.
Jiang, W; Lan, T; Li, D; Ren, Y; Tian, J; Zhang, G; Zhang, X, 2018)		2.64
"Darunavir is a second-generation protease inhibitor and is registered for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. "( Darunavir Population Pharmacokinetic Model Based on HIV Outpatient Data.
Alffenaar, JC; Bierman, WFW; Cattaneo, D; Daskapan, A; Gervasoni, C; Kosterink, JGW; Proost, JH; Resnati, C; Stienstra, Y; Touw, DJ; Tran, QTD; van der Werf, TS, 2019)		3.4
"Darunavir/ritonavir is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between etravirine or darunavir/ritonavir and artemether/lumefantrine in healthy volunteers: a two-panel, two-way, two-period, randomized trial.
DeMasi, R; Kakuda, TN; Mohammed, P; van Delft, Y, 2013)		1.36
"Darunavir is a potent protease inhibitor of HIV. "( Simultaneous pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Owen, A; Pushpakom, S; Valle, M; Xinarianos, G, 2013)		2.06
"Darunavir is a protease inhibitor that is administered with low-dose ritonavir to enhance its bioavailability. "( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		2.07
"Darunavir is a synthetic non-peptidic protease inhibitor that has been shown to be extremely potent against wild-type HIV, and it is an important component of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), which is considered as one of the most significant advances in the field of HIV therapy. "( A critical review of properties of darunavir and analytical methods for its determination.
Corrêa, JC; D'Arcy, DM; Salgado, HR; Serra, CH, 2014)		2.12
"Darunavir is a relatively well-tolerated ARV, but concurrent ritonavir administration has several disadvantages (e.g., dose-related hyperlipidemia, gastrointestinal intolerance, drug-drug interactions) which may decrease patient adherence. "( The use of unboosted darunavir in the setting of ritonavir intolerance: three case reports.
Fulco, PP; Gomes, D; Nixon, D; Smith, K, 2016)		2.2
"Darunavir (DRV) is a nonpeptidomimetic protease inhibitor approved for use with a ritonavir booster (DRV/r)."( Effectiveness, durability, and safety of darunavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients in routine clinical practice in Italy: a postauthorization noninterventional study.
Airoldi, G; Antinori, A; Bini, T; Castagna, A; Colella, E; Gianotti, N; Mancusi, D; Meraviglia, P; Monforte, Ad; Mussini, C; Rusconi, S; Termini, R, 2016)		1.42
"Darunavir (DRV, TMC114) is a novel protease inhibitor administered in combination with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/r) and is highly active against both wild-type and multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains. "( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		2.08
"Darunavir is a promising new drug with good clinical efficacy data and safety profile."( New therapeutic agents in the management of HIV: an overview of darunavir for clinicians.
Hoy, J; Rotty, J, 2008)		1.31
"Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor. "( [Darunavir in patients with advanced HIV and multiresistance. The POWER, DUET and BENCHMRK studies].
Arazo Garcés, P; Omiste Sanvicente, T, 2008)		2.7
"Darunavir is a new HIV protease inhibitor that has been shown to be highly useful in HIV-infected patients. "( [Pharmacological interactions with darunavir].
Clotet, B; Moltó, J; Valle, M, 2008)		2.07
"Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor (PI) with in vitro activity against wild-type and PI-resistant HIV; it is used with the pharmacokinetic booster ritonavir. "( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once-daily in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients.
Boffito, M; Hill, A; Miralles, D, )		1.84
"Darunavir (TMC114) is a new HIV protease inhibitor (PI)."( Effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir vs. ritonavir-boosted atazanavir on lipid and glucose parameters in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers.
Diego Miralles, G; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Tomaka, F; Van Baelen, B; Vandevoorde, A; Vangeneugden, T, 2009)		2.09
"Darunavir is an oral nonpeptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) that is used, together with a low boosting dose of ritonavir, as part of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen in treatment-experienced and -naive patients with HIV-1 infection. "( Darunavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection in adults.
Keam, SJ; McKeage, K; Perry, CM, 2009)		3.24
"Darunavir (DRV) is a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. "( P-glycoprotein mediates efflux transport of darunavir in human intestinal Caco-2 and ABCB1 gene-transfected renal LLC-PK1 cell lines.
Fujimoto, H; Ghosh, AK; Hamada, A; Higuchi, M; Koh, Y; Mitsuya, H; Saito, H; Tanoue, N; Watanabe, H, 2009)		2.06
"Darunavir is a substrate for efflux and influx transporters in PBMC and intracellular concentrations can be manipulated using known inhibitors."( Intracellular 'boosting' of darunavir using known transport inhibitors in primary PBMC.
Back, D; Chandler, B; Hartkoorn, R; Janneh, O; Khoo, S; Kwan, WS; Owen, A, 2009)		2.09
"Darunavir is a nonpeptidic HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) that binds with high affinity to the HIV-1 protease, including multi-drug resistant proteases. "( Darunavir: in treatment-experienced pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection.
McKeage, K; Scott, LJ, 2010)		3.25
"Darunavir is a second-generation protease inhibitor designed to have antiviral efficacy against HIV-1 with multiple resistance mutations to protease inhibitors. "( In situ intestinal perfusion in knockout mice demonstrates inhibition of intestinal p-glycoprotein by ritonavir causing increased darunavir absorption.
Annaert, P; Augustijns, P; Holmstock, N; Mols, R, 2010)		2.01
"Darunavir (TMC 114) is a protease inhibitor used in the therapy of HIV-1. "( 800 mg Darunavir tablets prepared by hot melt extrusion.
Baert, L; Rosier, J; Thommes, M, )		2.03
"Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor (PI) that is co-administered with low-dose ritonavir and has demonstrated substantial efficacy in clinical trials of highly treatment-experienced patients when combined with an optimized background regimen (with or without enfuvirtide). "( Cost effectiveness of darunavir/ritonavir in highly treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected adults in the USA.
Brogan, A; Martin, S; Mauskopf, J; Smets, E, 2010)		2.12
"Darunavir is a new-generation nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor (PI), used with low doses of ritonavir for pharmacologic enhancement (boosting). "( Darunavir: an effective protease inhibitor for HIV-infected patients.
Phung, BC; Yeni, P, 2011)		3.25
"Darunavir (DRV) is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor that is used together with a low boosting dose of ritonavir as part of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen in treatment-experienced and naïve HIV-positive patients. "( A reduced dose of darunavir/ritonavir is effective in PI-experienced HIV-infected patients.
Bonora, S; Calcagno, A; Lanzafame, M; Lattuada, E; Vento, S, )		1.91
"Darunavir is a synthetic nonpeptidic protease inhibitor which has been shown to be extremely potent against wild-type HIV as well as a large panel of PI-resistant clinical isolates and shows a high genetic barrier to the development of antiretroviral resistance. "( Darunavir: a critical review of its properties, use and drug interactions.
D'Arcy, DM; dos Reis Serra, CH; Nunes Salgado, HR; Ruela Corrêa, JC, 2012)		3.26
"Darunavir (TMC114) is a second-generation, sulfonamide, nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) with a unique, flexible, 3-dimensional structure that contributes to it high potency and slow selection of resistant virus. "( Darunavir: an overview of an HIV protease inhibitor developed to overcome drug resistance.
Hicks, CB; Taiwo, BO, 2007)		3.23
"Darunavir is a new HIV PI that retains virological activity in the presence of multiple protease mutations. "( Darunavir: a second-generation protease inhibitor.
Busse, KH; Penzak, SR, 2007)		3.23
"Darunavir (TMC114) is a newly developed HIV-1 protease inhibitor with potent antiviral activity against both wild-type and multidrug resistant HIV-1 strains. "( Clinical pharmacokinetics of darunavir.
Arastéh, K; Rittweger, M, 2007)		2.07
"Darunavir (DRV) is a new protease inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1. "( The validation of plasma darunavir concentrations determined by the HPLC method for protease inhibitors.
Banno, K; Hirano, A; Kaneda, T; Kudaka, Y; Okumura, N; Takahashi, M, 2007)		2.09
"Darunavir is a synthetic nonpeptidic analogue of amprenavir with enhanced activity against resistant virus that became available in 2006."( Darunavir: a nonpeptidic antiretroviral protease inhibitor.
McCoy, C, 2007)		2.5
"Darunavir is a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients. "( Darunavir.
El-Atrouni, WI; Temesgen, Z, 2007)		3.23
"Darunavir (TMC114) is a nonpeptidic peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitor (PI), with a high binding affinity and a close fit within the substrate envelope. "( Darunavir: in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Fenton, C; Perry, CM, 2007)		3.23
"Darunavir (TMC114) is a new HIV protease inhibitor that has demonstrated substantial antiretroviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 virus and multidrug-resistant strains. "( Darunavir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.
Back, D; Hoetelmans, RM; Sekar, V, 2008)		3.23

Effects

Darunavir has a low oral bioavailability (37%) due to its lipophilic nature. metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-gp efflux. DarunavIR has a high genetic barrier to resistance.

Darunavir has been approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients harboring multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants that do not respond to previously existing HAART regimens. The drug has a low oral bioavailability (37%) due to its lipophilic nature, metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-gp efflux.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Darunavir has a low oral bioavailability (37%) due to its lipophilic nature, metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-gp efflux. "( Darunavir-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeting to HIV Reservoirs.
Desai, J; Thakkar, H, 2018)		3.37
"Darunavir has a high genetic barrier to resistance. "( HIV-1 resistance rarely observed in patients using darunavir once-daily regimens across clinical studies.
Brown, K; De Meyer, S; Lathouwers, E; Luo, D; Seyedkazemi, S; Wong, EY, )		1.83
"Darunavir has recently been approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients harboring multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants that do not respond to previously existing HAART regimens."( Darunavir, a conceptually new HIV-1 protease inhibitor for the treatment of drug-resistant HIV.
Dawson, ZL; Ghosh, AK; Mitsuya, H, 2007)		2.5
"Darunavir has been selected as an active pharmaceutical ingredient that is classified as a Class 2 BCS substance and exists in two commercially available forms: crystalline ethanolate and amorphous."( Development of novel darunavir amorphous solid dispersions with mesoporous carriers.
Buzanov, GA; Cheremisin, AM; Dain, IA; Demina, NB; Filatov, AR; Kozhukhova, EI; Retivov, VM; Shevlyagina, NV; Zakhoda, OY; Zolotov, SA; Zolotova, AS, 2021)		1.66
"Darunavir has a low oral bioavailability (37%) due to its lipophilic nature, metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-gp efflux. "( Darunavir-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeting to HIV Reservoirs.
Desai, J; Thakkar, H, 2018)		3.37
"Darunavir has a high genetic barrier to resistance. "( HIV-1 resistance rarely observed in patients using darunavir once-daily regimens across clinical studies.
Brown, K; De Meyer, S; Lathouwers, E; Luo, D; Seyedkazemi, S; Wong, EY, )		1.83
"Darunavir (DRV) has bimodal activity against HIV-1 protease, enzymatic inhibition and protease dimerization inhibition, and has an extremely high genetic barrier against development of drug resistance. "( Mechanism of Darunavir (DRV)'s High Genetic Barrier to HIV-1 Resistance: A Key V32I Substitution in Protease Rarely Occurs, but Once It Occurs, It Predisposes HIV-1 To Develop DRV Resistance.
Aoki, M; Aoki-Ogata, H; Das, D; Ghosh, AK; Hayashi, H; Mitsuya, H; Takamatsu, Y, 2018)		2.29
"Darunavir has been proven efficacious for antiretroviral-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in randomized trials. "( Virologic and immunologic effectiveness of darunavir-based salvage therapy in HIV-1-infected adults in a Brazilian clinical practice setting: results of a multicenter and retrospective cohort study.
Biscione, FM; Greco, DB; Machado, DP; Ribeiro, KM; Tupinambás, U; Westin, MR, )		1.84
"Darunavir (DRV) has been confirmed to be an effective option for antiretroviral-naïve and experienced patients. "( Minimal effects of Darunavir on adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells.
Blanco, JR; Oteo, JA; Pérez-Martínez, L; Pérez-Matute, P, 2012)		2.15
"Darunavir has to be coadministered with low-dose ritonavir and food to optimize its pharmacokinetics."( Darunavir: an overview of an HIV protease inhibitor developed to overcome drug resistance.
Hicks, CB; Taiwo, BO, 2007)		2.5
"Darunavir has improved activity against resistant HIV isolates in patients with few treatment choices, particularly when enfuvirtide is added. "( Darunavir: a nonpeptidic antiretroviral protease inhibitor.
McCoy, C, 2007)		3.23

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ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Darunavir AUC0-12 was lower with the increased dose during the second {[geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 0.62 (IQR 0.44-0.88); P = 0.055]} and third trimesters [GMR 0.64 (IQR 0.55-0.73); P = <0.001] compared with postpartum."( Darunavir Pharmacokinetics With an Increased Dose During Pregnancy.
Best, BM; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Eke, AC; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, AM; Wang, J, 2020)		2.72

Treatment

Darunavir/ritonavir treatment is safe and effective in treatment-experienced patients, irrespective of sex or race. No significant effect on expression of BCRP, MRP2 and P-glycoprotein implicated in efflux of different ARV drugs.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Darunavir-containing treatment change episodes (TCEs) in patients previously failing PIs were selected from large European databases. "( Improved darunavir genotypic mutation score predicting treatment response for patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B and non-subtype B receiving a salvage regimen.
Brockmeyer, NH; Castagna, A; Churchill, D; Cozzi-Lepri, A; De Luca, A; De Wit, S; Descamps, D; Dunn, D; Flandre, P; Garcia, F; Günthard, HF; Imaz, A; Kordossis, T; Mussini, C; Obel, N; Perno, CF; Reiss, P; Roca, B; Santoro, MM; Schülter, E; Torti, C; van Sighem, A; Wensing, A; Wittkop, L; Zangerle, R; Zazzi, M, 2016)		2.29
"Darunavir/ritonavir treatment is safe and effective in treatment-experienced patients, irrespective of sex or race."( Assessing darunavir/ritonavir-based therapy in a racially diverse population: 48-week outcomes from GRACE.
Currier, JS; Falcon, R; Garcia, F; Kumar, P; Mrus, J; Ryan, R; Smith, KY; Squires, K, )		1.26
"Treatment with darunavir and dapivirine showed no significant effect on expression of BCRP, MRP2 and P-glycoprotein implicated in efflux of different ARV drugs."( Expression of Genes for Drug Transporters in the Human Female Genital Tract and Modulatory Effect of Antiretroviral Drugs.
Cuppone, AM; De Falco, G; Ekeruche-Makinde, J; Hijazi, K; Hold, GL; Iannelli, F; Kelly, CG; Pozzi, G; Shattock, R; Smith, K; Stincarelli, MA, 2015)		0.76

Toxicity

Darunavir, rilpivirine and raltegravir do not induce toxic effects on Hep3B cells and primary rat neurons. This suggests a safer hepatic and neurological profile than that of efavirenz.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Adverse event incidence was similar between treatments; headache and diarrhoea were more common with CPI(s)."( Efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients: 24-week results of POWER 1.
Esposito, R; Gatell, JM; Goffard, JC; Grinsztejn, B; Katlama, C; Parys, W; Pozniak, A; Rockstroh, J; Stoehr, A; Vangeneugden, T; Vetter, N; Yeni, P, 2007)		0.34
" In the darunavir-ritonavir group, rates of adverse events were mostly lower than or similar to those in the control group when corrected for treatment exposure."( Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir at week 48 in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection in POWER 1 and 2: a pooled subgroup analysis of data from two randomised trials.
Bellos, N; Clotet, B; Cohen, C; Cooper, D; Farthing, C; Goffard, JC; Haubrich, R; Jayaweera, D; Katlama, C; Lazzarin, A; Lefebvre, E; Markowitz, M; Molina, JM; Ruane, P; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Wilkin, T; Wöhrmann, A, 2007)		1.08
" Safety data were generally similar between the groups; grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 80 (27%) darunavir-ritonavir and 89 (30%) lopinavir-ritonavir patients."( Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir compared with that of lopinavir-ritonavir at 48 weeks in treatment-experienced, HIV-infected patients in TITAN: a randomised controlled phase III trial.
Banhegyi, D; Berger, D; de Béthune, MP; De Pauw, M; Lefebvre, E; Madruga, JV; McMurchie, M; Norris, D; Ruxrungtham, K; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Suter, F; Tomaka, F; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.86
" The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (14%), nasopharyngitis (11%), and nausea (10%)."( Safety and efficacy of darunavir (TMC114) with low-dose ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients: 24-week results of POWER 3.
Cohen, C; Grinsztejn, B; Katlama, C; Lefebvre, E; Meyer, SD; Miralles, D; Molina, JM; Parys, W; Pedro, Rde J; Timerman, A; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.65
" In this larger set of treatment-experienced patients, darunavir/r at a dose of 600/100 mg twice daily provided substantial virologic and immunologic responses and was generally safe and well tolerated."( Safety and efficacy of darunavir (TMC114) with low-dose ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients: 24-week results of POWER 3.
Cohen, C; Grinsztejn, B; Katlama, C; Lefebvre, E; Meyer, SD; Miralles, D; Molina, JM; Parys, W; Pedro, Rde J; Timerman, A; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.9
" In both groups, more patients with active co-infection than without co-infection had liver-related adverse events (AEs)."( Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of darunavir (TMC114) with low-dose ritonavir in treatment-experienced, hepatitis B or C co-infected patients in POWER 1 and 3.
Baxter, J; Clotet, B; Lefebvre, E; Murphy, R; Rachlis, A, )		0.4
" DRV/r had a lower incidence of possibly treatment-related grade 2-4 gastrointestinal-related adverse events (7 versus 14%) and treatment-related moderate-to-severe diarrhea (4 versus 10%) than LPV/r."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients at week 48.
Andrade-Villanueva, J; De Meyer, S; De Pauw, M; Dejesus, E; Fourie, J; Khanlou, H; Lefebvre, E; Ortiz, R; Spinosa-Guzman, S; van Lunzen, J; Vangeneugden, T; Voronin, E, 2008)		0.63
" In the studies performed to date, darunavir has been well tolerated, with a better profile than that of the PIs used in control groups in terms of adverse effects such as diarrhea, gastrointestinal tolerability and lipid alterations."( [Safety and tolerability of darunavir].
Antela López, A, 2008)		0.92
" Grade 2-4 treatment-emergent adverse events at least possibly related to DRV/r (>or=2% incidence, excluding laboratory abnormalities) were diarrhoea (3%), vomiting (3%), nausea (2%) and headache (2%)."( Efficacy and safety of darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV type-1 patients in the POWER 1, 2 and 3 trials at week 96.
Arastéh, K; De Meyer, S; Grinsztejn, B; Hoy, J; Jayaweera, D; Pozniak, A; Roberts, A; Tomaka, F; Vangeneugden, T; Yeni, P, 2009)		0.66
" The most frequent adverse effect is rash (affecting 19% of patients), which is usually mild (grades 1 or 2) and does not lead to drug withdrawal."( [Safety and tolerability of etravirine].
Portilla, J, 2009)		0.35
" Furthermore, etravirine was shown to be safe and well-tolerated over this period."( Etravirine in combination with darunavir/ritonavir and optimized background regimen results in suppression of HIV replication in treatment-experienced patients. Evaluation of Katlama C, Haubrich R, Lalezari J, et al. Efficacy and safety of etravirine in t
Hull, MW; Montaner, JS, 2010)		0.65
"Darunavir/ritonavir at 900/100 mg once daily is highly effective, safe and well tolerated in treatment-experienced patients with no darunavir resistance, both in early salvage and switch strategies."( Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of 900/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir once daily in treatment-experienced patients.
Crespo, M; Curran, A; Deig, E; Domingo, P; Gutirerrez, M; Imaz, A; Lopez, RM; Mateo, G; Ocaña, I; Ribera, E, 2010)		2.05
"Of 256 subjects enrolled, clinician-reported grade 1-4 adverse events of the nervous system (all cause) were seen in 16% of patients in each treatment arm."( Neuropsychiatric adverse events with ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy in HIV-infected individuals: a randomised prospective study.
Arribas, J; Fätkenheuer, G; Hill, A; Moecklinghoff, C; van Delft, Y; Winston, A, )		0.38
"In this exploratory analysis, no differences in the evolution of neuropsychiatric adverse events over 48 weeks are observed in HIV-infected subjects randomised to switch antiretroviral therapy to darunavir/ritonavir with or without nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors."( Neuropsychiatric adverse events with ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy in HIV-infected individuals: a randomised prospective study.
Arribas, J; Fätkenheuer, G; Hill, A; Moecklinghoff, C; van Delft, Y; Winston, A, )		0.57
" The incidence of treatment-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and laboratory abnormalities were comparable across gender, age, and race subgroups."( Effect of baseline characteristics on the efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ ritonavir in HIV-1-infected, treatment-naïve ARTEMIS patients at week 96.
Ballesteros, J; DeMasi, R; Domingo, P; Flamm, J; Fourie, J; Kilby, D; Lavreys, L; Lazzarin, A; Rodriguez-French, A; Sosa, N; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Van De Casteele, T, )		0.36
"0%) men discontinued ETR due to adverse events."( Efficacy and safety outcomes among treatment-experienced women and men treated with etravirine in gender, race and clinical experience.
Hodder, S; Jayaweera, D; Mrus, J; Ryan, R; Witek, J, 2012)		0.38
" Three patients discontinued antiretroviral therapy due to mild adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily ritonavir-boosted darunavir and abacavir/lamivudine for treatment-naïve patients: a pilot study.
Gatanaga, H; Kikuchi, Y; Nishijima, T; Oka, S; Teruya, K; Tsukada, K, 2012)		0.63
"Treatment simplification with DRV/r monotherapy seems safe and effective in routine clinical practice."( Antiretroviral simplification with darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy in routine clinical practice: safety, effectiveness, and impact on lipid profile.
Bravo, I; Clotet, B; Llibre, JM; Moltó, J; Negredo, E; Ornelas, A; Paredes, R; Santos, JR, 2012)		0.66
" Significantly fewer discontinuations because of adverse events were observed with DRV/r (4."( Final 192-week efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir compared with lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients in the ARTEMIS trial.
DeJesus, E; Khanlou, H; Lathouwers, E; Lefebvre, E; Opsomer, M; Orkin, C; Stoehr, A; Supparatpinyo, K; Tomaka, F; Van de Casteele, T, 2013)		0.64
" The drug combination appears to be generally safe and well tolerated."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.37
"The Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) project is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort created to assess the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving new antiretroviral drugs."( Safety and durability in a cohort of HIV-1 positive patients treated with once and twice daily darunavir-based therapy (SCOLTA Project).
Bonfanti, P; Carenzi, L; Celesia, BM; Corsi, P; De Socio, G; Di Biagio, A; Franzetti, M; Grosso, C; Guastavigna, M; Madeddu, G; Maggi, P; Martinelli, C; Menzaghi, B; Molteni, C; Orofino, G; Parruti, G; Penco, G; Quirino, T; Ricci, E; Vichi, F, 2013)		0.61
"Our study showed that DRV/r administrated both once daily or twice daily was safe and well tolerated with few discontinuations due to adverse events."( Safety and durability in a cohort of HIV-1 positive patients treated with once and twice daily darunavir-based therapy (SCOLTA Project).
Bonfanti, P; Carenzi, L; Celesia, BM; Corsi, P; De Socio, G; Di Biagio, A; Franzetti, M; Grosso, C; Guastavigna, M; Madeddu, G; Maggi, P; Martinelli, C; Menzaghi, B; Molteni, C; Orofino, G; Parruti, G; Penco, G; Quirino, T; Ricci, E; Vichi, F, 2013)		0.61
"Once-daily DRV/r (900/100 mg) was efficacious in pretreated patients, with safe responses."( Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of once-daily boosted darunavir in pretreated HIV-infected patients.
Benalycherif, A; De Truchis, P; Delassus, JL; Descamps, D; Duvivier, C; Landman, R; Peytavin, G; Tegna, L; Weiss, L; Zucman, D, 2013)		0.63
" However, data on the long-term exposure to these therapeutic options are needed, and a handful of case reports are emerging, reporting rare but potentially life-threatening adverse hepatic events in patients with hepatitis co-infection or taking other hepatotoxic drugs."( Hepatoxicity of new antiretrovirals: a systematic review.
Lacombe, K; Surgers, L, 2013)		0.39
" Outcomes were incidence and health care costs of the following medically attended (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification-coded or treated) adverse effects during the evaluation period: gastrointestinal, lipid abnormalities, diabetes/hyperglycemia, rash, and jaundice."( Comparative incidence and health care costs of medically attended adverse effects among U.S. Medicaid HIV patients on atazanavir- or darunavir-based antiretroviral therapy.
Chu, BC; Esker, S; Espindle, D; Hebden, T; Johnston, SS; Juday, T; Uy, J, )		0.34
" Adverse event (AE) and treatment-related AE incidence was 91."( Safety and immunovirologic outcomes with maraviroc combination regimens in patients with a history of past treatment failures and virologic resistance in Brazil: an open-label, multicenter phase 3b study.
Bicudo, EL; Cassoli, LM; da Eira, M; de Andrade Neto, JL; Furtado, J; Leite, OH; Lewi, DS; Lima, MP; Lopes, MI; Machado, AA; Madruga, JV; Miranda, AF; Netto, EM; Pedro, Rde J; Portsmouth, S; Santini-Oliveira, M; Santos, BR; Tupinambas, U; Wajsbrot, DB, 2013)		0.39
" The frequency of serious adverse effects was investigated."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily maraviroc plus ritonavir-boosted darunavir in pretreated HIV-infected patients in a real-life setting.
Bancalero, P; Chueca, N; García, C; Jiménez, P; Macías, J; Márquez, M; Merino, D; Muñoz, L; Ojeda, G; Pasquau, J; Pineda, JA; Recio, E, 2014)		0.64
" Reasons for starting MVC plus DRV/r were: adverse effects in 38 individuals (63%), simplification in 15 (25%) and virological failure in seven (12%)."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily maraviroc plus ritonavir-boosted darunavir in pretreated HIV-infected patients in a real-life setting.
Bancalero, P; Chueca, N; García, C; Jiménez, P; Macías, J; Márquez, M; Merino, D; Muñoz, L; Ojeda, G; Pasquau, J; Pineda, JA; Recio, E, 2014)		0.64
"Most individuals starting MVC plus DRV/r qd because of simplification or adverse effects maintained HIV suppression after 48 weeks of follow-up."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily maraviroc plus ritonavir-boosted darunavir in pretreated HIV-infected patients in a real-life setting.
Bancalero, P; Chueca, N; García, C; Jiménez, P; Macías, J; Márquez, M; Merino, D; Muñoz, L; Ojeda, G; Pasquau, J; Pineda, JA; Recio, E, 2014)		0.64
"Growing evidence associates the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz with several adverse events."( Lack of mitochondrial toxicity of darunavir, raltegravir and rilpivirine in neurons and hepatocytes: a comparison with efavirenz.
Alegre, F; Apostolova, N; Blas-García, A; Esplugues, JV; Funes, HA; Martínez, E; Polo, M, 2014)		0.68
"Darunavir, rilpivirine and raltegravir do not induce toxic effects on Hep3B cells and primary rat neurons, which suggests a safer hepatic and neurological profile than that of efavirenz."( Lack of mitochondrial toxicity of darunavir, raltegravir and rilpivirine in neurons and hepatocytes: a comparison with efavirenz.
Alegre, F; Apostolova, N; Blas-García, A; Esplugues, JV; Funes, HA; Martínez, E; Polo, M, 2014)		2.12
" Eleven patients (92%) reported ≥1 adverse event (AE), considered in 2 patients to be at least possibly related to darunavir (gastrointestinal-related events and dizziness)."( Efficacy and safety of darunavir/ritonavir at 48 weeks in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected adolescents: results from a phase 2 open-label trial (DIONE).
Blanche, S; Flynn, P; Giaquinto, C; Kakuda, TN; Komar, S; Lathouwers, E; Noguera-Julian, A; Opsomer, M; Van de Casteele, T; Welch, S, 2014)		0.92
"3%) adverse events (AEs) were of mild or moderate severity with few grade 3/4 events, discontinuations, or temporary discontinuations/dose reductions due to AEs or serious AEs."( The maraviroc expanded access program - safety and efficacy data from an open-label study.
Craig, C; Heera, J; Lazzarin, A; Molina, JM; Mukwaya, G; Reynes, J; Sierra-Madero, JG; Valluri, S; van der Ryst, E, )		0.13
"Cohorts contributed individual patient data on adverse events (AE) in those aged <18 years taking DRV and ATV, respectively, to 02/2014."( Safety of darunavir and atazanavir in HIV-infected children in Europe and Thailand.
, 2016)		0.84
"0% discontinued treatment due to adverse events."( Short Communication: Efficacy and Safety of Treatment Simplification to Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Darunavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Bravo, I; Cañadas, MP; Clotet, B; García-Rosado, D; Llibre, JM; Moltó, J; Paredes, R; Pérez-Álvarez, N; Santos, JR, 2016)		0.65
" Adverse events occurred in 23 and 18 patients, respectively."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or darunavir in combination with a dual nucleos(t)ide analogue backbone in HIV-1-infected combined ART (cART)-naive patients with severe immunosuppression: a 48 week, non-comparative, randomiz
Assoumou, L; Benalycherif, A; Cabié, A; Costagliola, D; Duvivier, C; Girard, PM; Joly, V; Lambert-Niclot, S; Landman, R; Marcelin, AG; Peytavin, G; Pialoux, G; Samri, A; Slama, L; Valin, N, 2016)		0.67
" DRV/r was well tolerated, with few discontinuations due to study-emergent nonfatal adverse events (3."( Effectiveness, durability, and safety of darunavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients in routine clinical practice in Italy: a postauthorization noninterventional study.
Airoldi, G; Antinori, A; Bini, T; Castagna, A; Colella, E; Gianotti, N; Mancusi, D; Meraviglia, P; Monforte, Ad; Mussini, C; Rusconi, S; Termini, R, 2016)		0.7
" The frequency of adverse events was similar in the two arms; however, one patient in the monotherapy arm was hospitalized with HIV encephalitis and elevated cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA."( Week 96 efficacy and safety of darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy vs. darunavir/ritonavir with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the PROTEA trial.
Antinori, A; Arribas, JR; Bicer, C; Girard, PM; Hadacek, B; Moecklinghoff, C; Netzle-Sveine, B; Ripamonti, D, 2017)		0.74
" Numbers of discontinuations related to adverse events (11 [1%] of 763 patients in the study group vs four [1%] of 378 patients in the control group) and grade 3-4 adverse events (52 [7%] patients vs 31 [8%] patients) were similar between the two groups."( Efficacy and safety of switching from boosted protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide at 48 weeks in adults with virologically suppr
Arribas, JR; Eron, JJ; Gathe, J; Hufkens, V; Lathouwers, E; Molina, JM; Negredo, E; Opsomer, M; Orkin, C; Petrovic, R; Van Landuyt, E; Vanveggel, S, 2018)		0.68
"Dual therapy with RPV + DRVb proved to be effective and safe in patients with advanced HIV infection, long exposure to ART, low CD4 nadir, previous virologic failure, and/or history of ineffective ART."( Effectiveness and safety of dual therapy with rilpivirine and boosted darunavir in treatment-experienced patients with advanced HIV infection: a preliminary 24 week analysis (RIDAR study).
Arazo, P; Carmena, J; Crusells, MJ; de Jesus, SE; de la Torre, J; Galindo, MJ; Hidalgo-Tenorio, C; Lozano, F; Palacios, Z; Pasquau, J; Ríos, MJ; Samperiz, G; Santos, J; Tornero, C; Verdejo, G, 2019)		0.75
" At week 48, there were no virological failures, three patients discontinued the regimen due to neuropsychiatric adverse events, two were lost to follow-up, and therefore the efficacy was 90% (95% CI, 82, 99%, intention-to-treat analysis)."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir plus boosted-darunavir dual therapy among highly treatment-experienced patients.
Casado, JL; Fontecha, M; Monsalvo, M; Rojo, A; Vivancos, MJ; Vizcarra, P, 2019)		0.77
" Few discontinued due to adverse events (2% D/C/F/TAF arm)."( Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/
Brown, K; Cunningham, D; De Wit, S; Eron, JJ; Hufkens, V; Jezorwski, J; Lathouwers, E; Opsomer, M; Orkin, C; Petrovic, R; Post, FA; Pulido, F; Van Landuyt, E, 2019)		0.7
" Reportable adverse events (AEs) included AEs considered at least possibly related to treatment with DRV/r, AEs leading to discontinuation or treatment interruption, and serious AEs (SAEs)."( The DIANA Study: Continued Access to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) and Long-Term Safety Follow-Up in HIV-1-Infected Pediatric Patients Aged 3 to < 18 Years.
Blanche, S; Chetty, P; Hufkens, V; Masenya, M; Opsomer, M; Vanveggel, S; Violari, A, 2021)		0.89
"This current investigation was aimed to generate signals for adverse events (AEs) of darunavir-containing agents by data mining using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)."( Systematic analysis of safety profile for darunavir and its boosted agents using data mining in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.
Chen, L; He, G; Jia, Y; Tian, X; Wang, K; Yao, Y, 2021)		1.11
" The proportions of participants with any grade 3-4 adverse event were similar between the dolutegravir (26 [11%]) and darunavir (28 [12%]) groups and between the tenofovir (22 [9%]) and zidovudine (32 [14%]) groups."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non
Asienzo, J; Ategeka, G; Balyegisawa, A; Borok, M; Castelnuovo, B; Hoppe, A; Kaimal, A; Kambugu, A; Kiragga, A; Kityo, C; Lugemwa, A; Mirembe, G; Mugerwa, H; Musaazi, J; Odongpiny, ELA; Paton, NI; Siika, A; Walimbwa, S, 2022)		1.2
" This post hoc analysis evaluated gastrointestinal adverse events of interest (AEOIs; diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence [MedDRAv21]) through Wk96 among patients enrolled in the phase 3 AMBER (treatment-naïve) and EMERALD (virologically suppressed) studies of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg."( Low Incidence and Brief Duration of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events with Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Over 96 Weeks: Post hoc Analyses of AMBER and EMERALD.
Anderson, D; Baugh, B; Bejou, N; Campbell, J; Dunn, K; Luo, D; Seyedkazemi, S, )		0.54
" Of the 3 withdrawals, 2 were attributed to drug-related adverse events."( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Once-Daily Darunavir With Cobicistat and Weekly Isoniazid/Rifapentine.
Adeojo, L; Brooks, KM; Bunn, HT; George, JM; Kovacs, JA; Kumar, P; Pau, AK; Peloquin, CA; Swaim, D, 2023)		1.16

Pharmacokinetics

Darunavir Cmin was much higher than the IC50 thresholds for wild-type and protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains (55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively) under standard dosing in >98% of experienced and naive patients. The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of (+) and (-) enantiomers of dar unavir on rat dried blood spots.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Darunavir (DRV; TMC114; Prezista) is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor used in combination with low-dose ritonavir (RTV) (DRV/r) as a pharmacokinetic enhancer."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between darunavir boosted with ritonavir and omeprazole or ranitidine in human immunodeficiency virus-negative healthy volunteers.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Parys, W; Sekar, VJ, 2007)		2.06
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for darunavir and ritonavir were determined under fasted conditions and following a standard breakfast, a high-fat breakfast, a nutritional protein-rich drink, or a croissant with coffee."( The effect of different meal types on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir (TMC114)/ritonavir in HIV-negative healthy volunteers.
De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Kestens, D; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.86
"To assess the pharmacokinetic profile, safety and virological response of two novel investigational antiretroviral agents when used in combination in HIV-1-infected subjects with multidrug-resistant virus."( Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral response to darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine combination in patients with high-level viral resistance.
Boffito, M; Fletcher, C; Gazzard, B; Hoetelmans, R; Jackson, A; Miralles, D; Moyle, G; Nelson, M; Pozniak, A; Tolowinska, I; Winston, A, 2007)		0.6
" Detailed pharmacokinetic assessments of darunavir and etravirine were determined on days 7 and 28."( Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral response to darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine combination in patients with high-level viral resistance.
Boffito, M; Fletcher, C; Gazzard, B; Hoetelmans, R; Jackson, A; Miralles, D; Moyle, G; Nelson, M; Pozniak, A; Tolowinska, I; Winston, A, 2007)		0.86
"This first study to assess the use of etravirine and darunavir in HIV-1-infected subjects with no treatment options showed highly effective virological and immunological responses over 24 weeks of therapy with no new safety concerns or unexpected pharmacokinetic interactions."( Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral response to darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine combination in patients with high-level viral resistance.
Boffito, M; Fletcher, C; Gazzard, B; Hoetelmans, R; Jackson, A; Miralles, D; Moyle, G; Nelson, M; Pozniak, A; Tolowinska, I; Winston, A, 2007)		0.84
"To investigate the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between the protease inhibitors darunavir (DRV, TMC114) coadministered with low-dose ritonavir (darunavir/r), and atazanavir in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir (TMC114) and atazanavir during coadministration in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, VJ; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.88
"This open-label, crossover study investigated the pharmacokinetic interaction between TMC114 (darunavir [Prezista]), administered with low-dose ritonavir (TMC114/r) and efavirenz (EFV) in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between TMC114/r and efavirenz in healthy volunteers.
De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Mariën, K; Peeters, M; Sekar, VJ, 2007)		0.56
" TMC114/r and EFV coadministration resulted in TMC114 Cmin, Cmax and AUC12h decreases of 31%, 15% and 13%, respectively."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between TMC114/r and efavirenz in healthy volunteers.
De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Mariën, K; Peeters, M; Sekar, VJ, 2007)		0.34
"The clinical significance of the changes in AUC and Cmin seen with TMC114/r and EFV coadministration has not been established; this combination should be used with caution."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between TMC114/r and efavirenz in healthy volunteers.
De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Mariën, K; Peeters, M; Sekar, VJ, 2007)		0.34
" For TMC125 200 mg twice daily coadministered with DRV/r, AUC12h, Cmax and Cmin of TMC125 were 80%, 81% and 67% greater, respectively, versus TMC125 100 mg twice daily alone."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and TMC125 alone and coadministered in HIV-negative volunteers.
De Smedt, G; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Lefebvre, E; Peeters, M; Schöller-Gyüre, M; Sekar, V; Woodfall, B, 2007)		0.66
" Absorption is followed by a fast distribution/elimination phase and a subsequent slower elimination phase with a terminal elimination half-life of 15 hours in the presence of low-dose ritonavir."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of darunavir.
Arastéh, K; Rittweger, M, 2007)		0.63
"This was an open-label, crossover study to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between darunavir (TMC114), coadministered with low-dose ritonavir (darunavir/ritonavir), and the protease inhibitor saquinavir in HIV-negative healthy volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between darunavir and saquinavir in HIV-negative volunteers.
De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Mariën, K; Sekar, VJ; Vangeneugden, T, 2007)		0.83
"This study investigated the steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between the HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir (TMC114), administered with low-dose ritonavir (darunavir/ritonavir), and clarithromycin in HIV-negative healthy volunteers."( Darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics following coadministration with clarithromycin in healthy volunteers.
De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, VJ; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		2
" This article reviews all the pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interaction studies conducted to date for darunavir/r, providing guidance on how to co-administer darunavir/r with many other antiretroviral or non-antiretroviral medications commonly used in HIV-infected individuals."( Darunavir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.
Back, D; Hoetelmans, RM; Sekar, V, 2008)		2
" The potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction exists when sildenafil and DRV/r are co-administered, as these drugs are primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and darunavir and ritonavir are CYP3A inhibitors."( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.83
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles of sildenafil, N-desmethyl sildenafil, darunavir and ritonavir were determined."( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.87
" When sildenafil 25 mg was co-administered with DRV/r, the sildenafil maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 38% lower compared with Cmax after administration of sildenafil alone at a dose of 100 mg."( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.64
" Pharmacokinetic assessments were performed on day 14 for each session."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone and darunavir with low-dose ritonavir in healthy women.
De Pauw, M; Felicione, E; Guzman, SS; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, VJ; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.58
"The pharmacokinetic interaction observed here is considered to be clinically relevant as EE concentrations are considerably reduced when DRV/r is co-administered with EE and NE."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone and darunavir with low-dose ritonavir in healthy women.
De Pauw, M; Felicione, E; Guzman, SS; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, VJ; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.58
" Two studies evaluated pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions among EVG and RTV-boosted tipranavir (TPV/r) or darunavir (DRV/r)."( Effect of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir or darunavir on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir.
Enejosa, J; Hinkle, J; Kearney, BP; Mack, R; Mathias, AA; Piliero, PJ; Sekar, V; Shen, G; Tomaka, F, 2008)		0.82
" Studies were powered to conclude lack of an interaction if the 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean ratios of the AUCtau and Cmax for EVG, TPV, and DRV were within predefined no-effect boundaries."( Effect of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir or darunavir on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir.
Enejosa, J; Hinkle, J; Kearney, BP; Mack, R; Mathias, AA; Piliero, PJ; Sekar, V; Shen, G; Tomaka, F, 2008)		0.61
" On coadministration, AUCtau and Cmax of EVG and TPV and EVG and DRV were within prespecified no-effect boundaries versus treatment alone; trough concentrations were also not substantially altered."( Effect of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir or darunavir on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir.
Enejosa, J; Hinkle, J; Kearney, BP; Mack, R; Mathias, AA; Piliero, PJ; Sekar, V; Shen, G; Tomaka, F, 2008)		0.61
" These cases provide a context in which to review pharmacokinetic data pertaining to the coadministration of DRV/r and an antiretroviral agent from the NNRTI class."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between ritonavir-boosted darunavir and NNRTIs: a report of 3 cases.
Rawizza, HE; Sax, PE, 2008)		0.59
"Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor (PI) with in vitro activity against wild-type and PI-resistant HIV; it is used with the pharmacokinetic booster ritonavir."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once-daily in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients.
Boffito, M; Hill, A; Miralles, D, )		1.84
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) and nevirapine (NVP) in 19 HIV-infected patients."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between nevirapine and darunavir with low-dose ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients.
De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Mariën, K; Pozniak, A; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2009)		0.85
" (> or =40 kg); these gave an AUC24h, C0h and Cmax of 102, 114 and 112%, respectively, versus the corresponding mean adult pharmacokinetic parameter."( Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced children and adolescents.
Blanche, S; Bologna, R; Cahn, P; Dierynck, I; Flynn, P; Fortuny, C; Rugina, S; Sekar, V; Spinosa-Guzman, S; van Baelen, B; Vis, P, 2009)		0.62
"To investigate the potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between darunavir (DRV, TMC114, Prezista), indinavir (IDV, Crixivan) and low-dose ritonavir (RTV, Norvir)."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between indinavir and darunavir with low-dose ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2010)		0.85
" On day 7, full pharmacokinetic profiles of DRV, IDV and RTV were determined."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between indinavir and darunavir with low-dose ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2010)		0.61
"Nucleoside-sparing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens might be an attractive therapeutic option for HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients; however, the pharmacokinetic profiles of such regimens are frequently unknown."( The effects of a nucleoside-sparing antiretroviral regimen on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV type-1-infected patients.
Back, D; Dickinson, L; Erlwein, OW; Garvey, L; Latch, N; Mackie, NE; McClure, MO; Scullard, G; Walsh, J; Winston, A, 2010)		0.58
"Fourteen HIV-1-infected patients (age 21-55 years, 64% male) on stable cART with plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/ml entered this Phase I pharmacokinetic study."( The effects of a nucleoside-sparing antiretroviral regimen on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV type-1-infected patients.
Back, D; Dickinson, L; Erlwein, OW; Garvey, L; Latch, N; Mackie, NE; McClure, MO; Scullard, G; Walsh, J; Winston, A, 2010)		0.58
" Drug concentrations were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS assay and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non-linear mixed effect modelling."( Intracellular and plasma steady-state pharmacokinetics of raltegravir, darunavir, etravirine and ritonavir in heavily pre-treated HIV-infected patients.
Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Mulder, JW; Ter Heine, R; van Gorp, EC; Wagenaar, JF, 2010)		0.59
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles were determined for DRV, ritonavir, and RFB and its active metabolite, 25-O-desacetylrifabutin (desRFB), on day 13."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and rifabutin coadministered in HIV-negative healthy volunteers.
Berckmans, C; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, R; Lavreys, L; Sekar, V; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Van de Casteele, T; Vangeneugden, T, 2010)		0.68
"Various formulations for combination of the anti-HIV protease inhibitor darunavir (DRV) and TMC41629, a pharmacokinetic booster for DRV, were studied."( Co-administration of darunavir and a new pharmacokinetic booster: formulation strategies and evaluation in dogs.
Baert, L; de Kock, H; Grooten, L; Rosier, J; Rouan, MC; Schueller, L; van 't Klooster, G; Van den Mooter, G; Van Gyseghem, E; Van Remoortere, P; Voorspoels, J, 2010)		0.91
"A pharmacokinetic trial was conducted to evaluate the potential for once-daily etravirine in antiretroviral regimens without and with darunavir/ritonavir."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily etravirine without and with once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive HIV type-1-infected adults.
DeJesus, E; Kakuda, TN; Lalezari, JP; Osiyemi, OO; Ruane, PJ; Ryan, R; Witek, J, 2010)		0.8
"Of 23 enrolled patients (male 87%, Caucasian 39%), pharmacokinetic profiles for etravirine were available for 21 and 20 patients on day 14 and 28, respectively."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily etravirine without and with once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive HIV type-1-infected adults.
DeJesus, E; Kakuda, TN; Lalezari, JP; Osiyemi, OO; Ruane, PJ; Ryan, R; Witek, J, 2010)		0.59
" In a subgroup of patients, a complete 24 h pharmacokinetic study was performed by HPLC."( Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of 900/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir once daily in treatment-experienced patients.
Crespo, M; Curran, A; Deig, E; Domingo, P; Gutirerrez, M; Imaz, A; Lopez, RM; Mateo, G; Ocaña, I; Ribera, E, 2010)		0.61
" Twenty-five patients were included in the pharmacokinetic study."( Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of 900/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir once daily in treatment-experienced patients.
Crespo, M; Curran, A; Deig, E; Domingo, P; Gutirerrez, M; Imaz, A; Lopez, RM; Mateo, G; Ocaña, I; Ribera, E, 2010)		0.61
" Pharmacokinetic data were available in 577 patients randomized to receive etravirine."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor etravirine in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Corbett, C; De Smedt, G; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Leopold, L; Nijs, S; Peeters, MP; Schöller-Gyüre, M; Snoeck, E; Vingerhoets, J; Vis, P; Wade, JR; Woodfall, BJ, 2010)		0.36
" All pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be highly variable regardless to the addition of etravirine."( Pharmacokinetics of etravirine, raltegravir and darunavir/ritonavir in treatment experienced patients.
Barrail-Tran, A; Bollens, D; Chêne, G; Colin, C; Descamps, D; Fagard, C; Goldwirt, L; Katlama, C; Molina, JM; Piketty, C; Taburet, AM; Yazdanpanah, Y, 2010)		0.62
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles were assessed for each phase for the 72 h following day 10."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir-ritonavir and atazanavir-ritonavir over 72 hours following drug cessation.
Amara, A; Back, D; Boffito, M; Gazzard, B; Higgs, C; Jackson, A; Khoo, S; Moyle, G; Seymour, N, 2011)		0.66
"HIV-infected subjects on abacavir (600 mg once daily) underwent steady-state pharmacokinetic assessments without and with darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir."( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir and its anabolite carbovir triphosphate without and with darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir in HIV-infected subjects.
Abongomera, G; Back, D; Boffito, M; Dickinson, L; Gazzard, B; Gedela, K; Jackson, A; Khoo, S; Moyle, G; Taylor, J, 2012)		0.81
" Individual darunavir pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis and compared between days 0 and 14 by means of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) and its 90% confidence interval (CI)."( Effect of milk thistle on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Negredo, E; Valle, M, 2012)		1.01
"A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was performed in 12 HIV-negative men receiving 600 mg of darunavir, 100 mg of ritonavir, and 200 mg of etravirine orally, twice daily for 8 days."( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of darunavir plus ritonavir and etravirine in semen and rectal tissue of HIV-negative men.
Asher Prince, HM; Brown, KC; Cohen, MS; Jennings, SH; Kashuba, AD; Malone, SA; Patterson, KB; Shaheen, NJ; Spacek, M, 2012)		0.86
"The Asian population, in general, has higher antiretroviral concentrations than those who are not Asian, but there are limited pharmacokinetic data for darunavir/ritonavir in Asian children."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir in Asian HIV-1-infected children aged ≥7 years.
Ananworanich, J; Burger, D; Chokephaibulkit, K; Gorowara, M; Kerr, SJ; Pasomsap, C; Phongsamart, W; Prasitsuebsai, W; Puthanakit, T; Sekar, V; Sophonphan, J; Suwanlerk, T; Vanprapar, N; Wittawatmongkol, O, 2012)		0.9
" The darunavir pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those in non-Asian individuals from the DELPHI study, in which 13 of 20 with BW<40 kg used 50 or 60 mg ritonavir boosting."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir in Asian HIV-1-infected children aged ≥7 years.
Ananworanich, J; Burger, D; Chokephaibulkit, K; Gorowara, M; Kerr, SJ; Pasomsap, C; Phongsamart, W; Prasitsuebsai, W; Puthanakit, T; Sekar, V; Sophonphan, J; Suwanlerk, T; Vanprapar, N; Wittawatmongkol, O, 2012)		1.22
"Boceprevir represents a new treatment option for hepatitis C (HCV)-infected patients, including those with HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection; however, little is known about pharmacokinetic interactions between boceprevir and antiretroviral drugs."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and ritonavir-boosted HIV-1 protease inhibitors atazanavir, darunavir, and lopinavir.
Butterton, JR; Feng, HP; Hughes, EA; Hulskotte, EG; O'Mara, E; Treitel, MA; van Zutven, MG; Wagner, JA; Xuan, F; Youngberg, SP, 2013)		0.59
"A randomized, open-label study to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between boceprevir and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) was conducted in 39 healthy adults."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and ritonavir-boosted HIV-1 protease inhibitors atazanavir, darunavir, and lopinavir.
Butterton, JR; Feng, HP; Hughes, EA; Hulskotte, EG; O'Mara, E; Treitel, MA; van Zutven, MG; Wagner, JA; Xuan, F; Youngberg, SP, 2013)		0.59
" However, the pharmacokinetic profiles of such regimens are often not established."( Pharmacokinetic profile and safety of 150 mg of maraviroc dosed with 800/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir all once daily, with and without nucleoside analogues, in HIV-infected subjects.
Back, D; Croucher, A; Else, LJ; Khoo, S; Mora-Peris, B; Scullard, G; Vera, JH; Winston, A, 2013)		0.61
" At steady-state (days 10 and 20), intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken."( Pharmacokinetic profile and safety of 150 mg of maraviroc dosed with 800/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir all once daily, with and without nucleoside analogues, in HIV-infected subjects.
Back, D; Croucher, A; Else, LJ; Khoo, S; Mora-Peris, B; Scullard, G; Vera, JH; Winston, A, 2013)		0.61
" The objective was to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions between darunavir/ritonavir or etravirine and arthemether/lumefrantrine."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between etravirine or darunavir/ritonavir and artemether/lumefantrine in healthy volunteers: a two-panel, two-way, two-period, randomized trial.
DeMasi, R; Kakuda, TN; Mohammed, P; van Delft, Y, 2013)		0.88
" Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction were simulated using the full physiologically based pharmacokinetic model implemented in the Simcyp™ ADME simulator."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
" Although the simulated drug-drug interactions with antidepressants were overall weak to moderate according to the classification of the US FDA, fluoxetine and venlafaxine represent better candidates from a pharmacokinetic standpoint for patients on efavirenz and venlafaxine or citalopram for patients on boosted protease inhibitors."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
" To enhance its pharmacokinetic profile, darunavir must be co-administered with ritonavir."( Simultaneous pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Owen, A; Pushpakom, S; Valle, M; Xinarianos, G, 2013)		0.89
"The aim of this study was to develop a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model for darunavir and ritonavir administered in HIV-infected adults."( Simultaneous pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Owen, A; Pushpakom, S; Valle, M; Xinarianos, G, 2013)		0.84
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with 705 plasma samples from 75 Caucasian individuals receiving darunavir/ritonavir (600/100 mg twice daily) for at least 4 weeks."( Simultaneous pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Owen, A; Pushpakom, S; Valle, M; Xinarianos, G, 2013)		0.83
"A population pharmacokinetic model to simultaneously describe the pharmacokinetics of darunavir and ritonavir was developed in HIV-infected patients."( Simultaneous pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Owen, A; Pushpakom, S; Valle, M; Xinarianos, G, 2013)		0.84
"Open-label, prospective, randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers."( Influence of low-dose ritonavir with and without darunavir on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled beclomethasone.
Alfaro, RM; Boyd, SD; Calderon, MM; Chairez, C; Hadigan, C; Kovacs, JA; McManus, M; Nieman, LK; Pau, AK; Penzak, SR, 2013)		0.64
" Pharmacokinetic sampling for 17-BMP was performed on days 14 and 28, and pharmacokinetic parameter values were compared within patients and between groups."( Influence of low-dose ritonavir with and without darunavir on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled beclomethasone.
Alfaro, RM; Boyd, SD; Calderon, MM; Chairez, C; Hadigan, C; Kovacs, JA; McManus, M; Nieman, LK; Pau, AK; Penzak, SR, 2013)		0.64
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental analysis."( Total and unbound darunavir pharmacokinetics in pregnant women infected with HIV-1: results of a study of darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg administered twice daily.
Baugh, B; Brown, K; Coate, B; Falcon, R; Kakuda, TN; Mrus, J; Osiyemi, OO; Verboven, P; Wright, R; Yasin, S; Zorrilla, CD, 2014)		0.74
"To address the need for nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing regimens, we explored the virologic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of maraviroc plus ritonavir-boosted darunavir in a single-arm, open-label, 96-week study."( Virologic response, early HIV-1 decay, and maraviroc pharmacokinetics with the nucleos(t)ide-free regimen of maraviroc plus darunavir/ritonavir in a pilot study.
Acosta, EP; Adeyemi, O; Berzins, B; Castro, J; Eron, JJ; Kuritzkes, DR; Lalezari, J; Lu, D; Ryscavage, P; Swindells, S; Taiwo, B; Tsibris, A, 2013)		0.79
" However, data on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of these regimens are limited."( Pharmacokinetic study of dual therapy with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily and Darunavir/Ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily in HIV-1-infected patients.
Blanco, JL; Brunet, M; Calvo, M; Gatell, JM; González, A; Hidalgo, S; Laguno, M; Loncà, M; Mallolas, J; Martínez, E; Martínez-Rebollar, M; Muñoz, A; Pérez, I, 2013)		0.62
" The geometric mean values for DRV were AUC0-24 68,730 ng·h·mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 58,970-86,480], Ctrough 1330 ng/mL (95% CI: 1110-1760; IC-50 for wild-type and resistant HIV-1 strains was 55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively), Cmax 7630 ng/mL (95% CI: 6740-9000), and t1/2 10."( Pharmacokinetic study of dual therapy with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily and Darunavir/Ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily in HIV-1-infected patients.
Blanco, JL; Brunet, M; Calvo, M; Gatell, JM; González, A; Hidalgo, S; Laguno, M; Loncà, M; Mallolas, J; Martínez, E; Martínez-Rebollar, M; Muñoz, A; Pérez, I, 2013)		0.62
" They are characterized by highly cooperative dose-response curves that are not explained by current pharmacodynamic theory."( Multi-step inhibition explains HIV-1 protease inhibitor pharmacodynamics and resistance.
Bailey, JR; Chioma, S; Durand, CM; Laird, GM; Laskey, S; Moore, RD; Rabi, SA; Shan, L; Siliciano, RF, 2013)		0.39
"Cobicistat (Tybost™) is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes that is indicated in the EU as a pharmacokinetic enhancer (i."( Cobicistat: a review of its use as a pharmacokinetic enhancer of atazanavir and darunavir in patients with HIV-1 infection.
Deeks, ED, 2014)		0.63
" The method was successfully applied to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study of darunavir boosted with ritonavir in Wistar rats."( LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS determination of darunavir and its metabolites in rat serum and urine: application to pharmacokinetics.
Guru Prasad, K; Nageswara Rao, R, 2014)		0.91
" Darunavir AUC24h following administration of the FDCs (G003: 74,780 ng ∙ h/mL and G004: 76,490 ng ∙ h/mL) was comparable to that following darunavir/ritonavir (78,410 ng ∙ h/mL), as was Cmax (6,666 and 6,917 ng/mL versus 6,973 ng/mL, respectively)."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir in fixed-dose combination with cobicistat compared with coadministration of darunavir and ritonavir as single agents in healthy volunteers.
Hillewaert, V; Hoetelmans, RM; Iterbeke, K; Kakuda, TN; Opsomer, M; Petrovic, R; Timmers, M; Van De Casteele, T, 2014)		1.64
" A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of both drugs and their interaction in a cohort of unselected patients and to compare darunavir exposure expected under alternative dosage regimens."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.82
" Firstly, a population pharmacokinetic analysis for darunavir and ritonavir was conducted, with inclusion of patients' demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics as potential covariates (NONMEM(®))."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.88
" The simulations predicted darunavir Cmin much higher than the IC50 thresholds for wild-type and protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains (55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively) under standard dosing in >98% of experienced and naive patients."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.92
" Pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed on days 5, 11 and 16."( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and pitavastatin when co-administered to healthy adult volunteers.
Campbell, SE; Medlock, MM; Morgan, RE; Small, DS; Sponseller, CA; Yu, CY, 2014)		0.68
"5 years) were enrolled, and pharmacokinetic data were available for 27 subjects."( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and pitavastatin when co-administered to healthy adult volunteers.
Campbell, SE; Medlock, MM; Morgan, RE; Small, DS; Sponseller, CA; Yu, CY, 2014)		0.68
" Data from ARTEMIS and ODIN demonstrate non-inferiority of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir against a comparator and, together with pharmacokinetic data, have established the suitability of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir for treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with no darunavir resistance-associated mutations."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of boosted once-daily darunavir.
Brochot, A; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Tomaka, FL; Van De Casteele, T; Vangeneugden, T, 2014)		0.88
"The drug-drug interactions between pitavastatin and darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) as well as pitavastatin and efavirenz (EFV) were examined in an open-label, parallel-arm, pharmacokinetic (PK) study in HIV-uninfected healthy volunteers."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions between pitavastatin and efavirenz or darunavir/ritonavir.
Aberg, JA; Ma, Q; Malvestutto, CD; Morse, GD; Underberg, JA, 2014)		0.88
"In the EFV arm, the geometric mean area under the concentration time curve (AUC0-τ) and Cmax of pitavastatin were 85."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions between pitavastatin and efavirenz or darunavir/ritonavir.
Aberg, JA; Ma, Q; Malvestutto, CD; Morse, GD; Underberg, JA, 2014)		0.63
" Pharmacokinetic curves were recorded in the third trimester and post-partum."( Pharmacokinetics of total and unbound darunavir in HIV-1-infected pregnant women.
Burger, D; Colbers, A; Giaquinto, C; Gingelmaier, A; Hawkins, D; Ivanovic, J; Kabeya, K; Moltó, J; Sadiq, ST; Taylor, G; Van der Ende, M; Weizsäcker, K, 2015)		0.69
"Darunavir AUC and Cmax were substantially decreased in pregnancy for both darunavir/ritonavir regimens."( Pharmacokinetics of total and unbound darunavir in HIV-1-infected pregnant women.
Burger, D; Colbers, A; Giaquinto, C; Gingelmaier, A; Hawkins, D; Ivanovic, J; Kabeya, K; Moltó, J; Sadiq, ST; Taylor, G; Van der Ende, M; Weizsäcker, K, 2015)		2.13
"Intensive steady-state 12- or 24-hour pharmacokinetic profiles were performed during the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum."( Pharmacokinetics of Once Versus Twice Daily Darunavir in Pregnant HIV-Infected Women.
Best, BM; Burchett, SK; Capparelli, EV; Cressey, TR; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Mofenson, LM; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, D; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J, 2015)		0.68
" Finally the method was successfully applied for human pharmacokinetic study in eight healthy male volunteers after the oral administration of 600 mg darunavir along with 100 mg ritonavir and 100 mg tenofovir as boosters."( Development and validation of a rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of darunavir, ritonavir, and tenofovir in human plasma: Application to human pharmacokinetics.
Aris, AB; Jaafar, J; Madhavi, G; Majid, ZA; Reddy, AV; Talib, J; Umar, K, 2015)		0.81
" The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of (+) and (-) enantiomers of darunavir on rat dried blood spots."( Dried blood spot analysis of (+) and (-) darunavir enantiomers on immobilized amylose tris-(3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) LC and its application to pharmacokinetics.
Arnipalli, MS; Nimmu, NV; Ramisetti, NR, 2015)		0.9
"This article reviews the clinical pharmacology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability, drug interactions, and dosing and administration of cobicistat."( Cobicistat: Review of a Pharmacokinetic Enhancer for HIV Infection.
Gauthier, TP; Schafer, JJ; Sherman, EM; Unger, NR; Worley, MV, 2015)		0.42
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling may provide a method to predict pharmacokinetics in pregnant women, without the need to perform extensive in vivo clinical trials."( Physiologically Based Modelling of Darunavir/Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy.
Burger, D; Colbers, A; Greupink, R; Litjens, C; Russel, FG, 2016)		0.71
" Population pharmacokinetic modelling was applied to investigate the interaction and generate alternative doses to inform clinical trial design."( Simulation of the impact of rifampicin on once-daily darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics and dose adjustment strategies: a population pharmacokinetic approach.
Back, D; Boffito, M; Dickinson, L; Khoo, S; Siccardi, M; Winston, A, 2016)		0.68
" In part 1, 90% confidence intervals for darunavir Cmax and AUC were all within 80-125% for suspension (fed or fasted) versus tablets (fed)."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir after administration of an oral suspension with low-dose ritonavir and with or without food.
De Paepe, E; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Lavreys, L; Sekar, V; Stevens, T; Vangeneugden, T; Vanstockem, M, 2014)		0.99
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental analysis."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected pregnant women.
Baugh, B; Brown, K; Crauwels, HM; Hillewaert, V; Kakuda, TN; Osiyemi, OO; Ryan, B; Verboven, P; Yasin, S; Zorrilla, C, 2016)		0.72
" Results from the five available pharmacokinetic studies show reductions in total darunavir plasma concentrations of between 20-50% during the third trimester of pregnancy."( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Darunavir/Ritonavir in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women.
Brown, K; Burger, D; Hadacek, MB; Hill, A; Khoo, S; La Porte, C; Moecklinghoff, C; Peytavin, G, )		0.64
"To our knowledge, there is no published data on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of antiretroviral (ART) drugs on patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy."( The effect of veno-venous ECMO on the pharmacokinetics of Ritonavir, Darunavir, Tenofovir and Lamivudine.
Ashworth, A; Barker, J; Davies, A; Feddy, L; Fedor, I; Ghazi Suliman, MA; Hayes, T; Kosmidis, C; Malagon, I; Ogungbenro, K; Stirling, S; Szabo-Barnes, A, 2017)		0.69
"Different concentration decay patterns were seen for atazanavir and darunavir, which may be partially explained by cobicistat half-life (longer with atazanavir than darunavir)."( Once-daily atazanavir/cobicistat and darunavir/cobicistat exposure over 72 h post-dose in plasma, urine and saliva: contribution to drug pharmacokinetic knowledge.
Amara, A; Boffito, M; Elliot, ER; Else, L; Higgs, C; Khoo, S; Moyle, G; Pagani, N; Schoolmeesters, A, 2017)		0.96
" The overall objective of this project was to develop separate physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) substrate models for the protease inhibitors darunavir and lopinavir."( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting the Effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Darunavir or Lopinavir Exposure Coadministered With Ritonavir.
Arya, V; Au, S; Mullick, C; Struble, K; Wagner, C; Zhao, P, 2017)		0.86
"Ethanol (20 mM) significantly decreased apparent half-life and increased degradation rate constant of RTV-boosted DRV but not for DRV alone."( Influence of Ethanol on Darunavir Hepatic Clearance and Intracellular PK/PD in HIV-Infected Monocytes, and CYP3A4-Darunavir Interactions Using Inhibition and in Silico Binding Studies.
Cory, TJ; Gong, Y; Kumar, S; Li, J; Li, W; Meibohm, B; Midde, NM, 2017)		0.76
"A literature search of MEDLINE was performed (1985 to April 2017) using the following search terms: cobicistat, ritonavir, pharmacokinetic, drug interactions, booster, pharmacokinetic enhancer, HIV, antiretrovirals."( Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences.
Hughes, CA; Phillips, EJ; Seet, J; Tseng, A; Wu, J, 2017)		0.46
" Pharmacokinetic properties of the boosted antiretroviral can also affect interaction outcome with comedications."( Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences.
Hughes, CA; Phillips, EJ; Seet, J; Tseng, A; Wu, J, 2017)		0.46
"The aim of this study was to incorporate placental transfer into a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to simulate and evaluate fetal darunavir exposure at term."( Prediction of Fetal Darunavir Exposure by Integrating Human Ex-Vivo Placental Transfer and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.
Buaben, AO; Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Freriksen, JJM; Greupink, R; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S, 2018)		1
"An existing and validated pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of maternal darunavir/ritonavir exposure was extended with a feto-placental unit."( Prediction of Fetal Darunavir Exposure by Integrating Human Ex-Vivo Placental Transfer and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.
Buaben, AO; Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Freriksen, JJM; Greupink, R; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S, 2018)		1.02
" Scaled placental transfer was integrated into the pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model."( Prediction of Fetal Darunavir Exposure by Integrating Human Ex-Vivo Placental Transfer and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.
Buaben, AO; Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Freriksen, JJM; Greupink, R; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S, 2018)		0.8
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained on days 0 and 14 in the DRV cohort, and on days 0 and 7 in the ETR cohort."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/cobicistat and etravirine alone and co-administered in HIV-infected patients.
Challenger, E; Clotet, B; Curran, A; Khoo, S; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Ribera, E; Santos, JR; Valle, M, 2018)		0.8
"Etravirine co-administration decreased cobicistat AUC0-24, Cmax and C24 by 30%, 14% and 66%, respectively."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/cobicistat and etravirine alone and co-administered in HIV-infected patients.
Challenger, E; Clotet, B; Curran, A; Khoo, S; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Ribera, E; Santos, JR; Valle, M, 2018)		0.8
" The method was validated and successfully applied to everted sac and pharmacokinetic studies in rats."( HPLC Estimation, Ex vivo Everted Sac Permeability and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies of Darunavir.
Sangave, PC; Suvarna, VM, 2018)		0.7
" The method had been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of fixed dose administration of PA-824, darunavir and their combination in rats."( Drug-Drug Interactions Between PA-824 and Darunavir Based on Pharmacokinetics in Rats by LC-MS-MS.
Feng, T; Jing, J; Liu, X; Mi, L; Shen, X; Wang, L; Zhang, R; Zhang, S; Zhao, J; Zhou, N, 2018)		0.96
"In this multicenter pharmacokinetic study in HIV-infected children (6-12 years of age), we validated the approved once-daily darunavir/ritonavir dosing recommendations."( Pharmacokinetics, Short-term Safety and Efficacy of the Approved Once-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir Dosing Regimen in HIV-infected Children.
Bastiaans, DET; Burger, DM; Colbers, APH; Geelen, SPM; Roukens, M; van der Flier, M; van Rossum, AMC; Vermont, CL; Visser, EG, 2018)		0.92
" A 24 h intensive pharmacokinetic blood sampling and a trough seminal sampling were performed before (week 0) and after (week 12) dose reduction."( Pharmacokinetic modelling of darunavir/ritonavir dose reduction (800/100 to 400/100 mg once daily) in a darunavir/ritonavir-containing regimen in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients: ANRS 165 DARULIGHT sub-study.
Bertrand, J; Chaix, ML; Chevret, S; Delobel, P; El Abbassi, EMB; Gallien, S; Katlama, C; Lê, MP; Molina, JM; Peytavin, G; Raffi, F; Saillard, J; Yazdanpanah, Y, 2018)		0.77
"Fifteen patients completed the intensive pharmacokinetic analysis."( Pharmacokinetic modelling of darunavir/ritonavir dose reduction (800/100 to 400/100 mg once daily) in a darunavir/ritonavir-containing regimen in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients: ANRS 165 DARULIGHT sub-study.
Bertrand, J; Chaix, ML; Chevret, S; Delobel, P; El Abbassi, EMB; Gallien, S; Katlama, C; Lê, MP; Molina, JM; Peytavin, G; Raffi, F; Saillard, J; Yazdanpanah, Y, 2018)		0.77
" These results suggest that ring placement and fit is an important species-specific study parameter that should be optimised prior to pharmacokinetic testing."( Impact of ring size and drug loading on the pharmacokinetics of a combination dapivirine-darunavir vaginal ring in cynomolgus macaques.
Boyd, P; Caldwell, A; Dereuddre-Bosquet, N; Desjardins, D; Kelly, C; Le Grand, R; Malcolm, RK; Murphy, DJ; Stimmer, L; van Roey, J, 2018)		0.7
"This Phase I, open-label, 57 day, crossover, pharmacokinetic (PK) study, enrolled healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years, who were randomized to one of two groups."( Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir with and without darunavir/cobicistat in healthy volunteers.
Amara, A; Bisdomini, E; Boffito, M; Cerrone, M; Elliot, ER; Else, L; Khoo, S; Owen, A, 2019)		0.77
" The aim of this study was to develop and validate a darunavir population pharmacokinetic model based on data from daily practice."( Darunavir Population Pharmacokinetic Model Based on HIV Outpatient Data.
Alffenaar, JC; Bierman, WFW; Cattaneo, D; Daskapan, A; Gervasoni, C; Kosterink, JGW; Proost, JH; Resnati, C; Stienstra, Y; Touw, DJ; Tran, QTD; van der Werf, TS, 2019)		2.21
" A pharmacokinetic model was developed using data from the largest data set using the iterative two-stage Bayesian procedure within the MWPharm software package."( Darunavir Population Pharmacokinetic Model Based on HIV Outpatient Data.
Alffenaar, JC; Bierman, WFW; Cattaneo, D; Daskapan, A; Gervasoni, C; Kosterink, JGW; Proost, JH; Resnati, C; Stienstra, Y; Touw, DJ; Tran, QTD; van der Werf, TS, 2019)		1.96
"A robust population pharmacokinetic model was developed, which can support therapeutic drug monitoring of darunavir in daily outpatient settings."( Darunavir Population Pharmacokinetic Model Based on HIV Outpatient Data.
Alffenaar, JC; Bierman, WFW; Cattaneo, D; Daskapan, A; Gervasoni, C; Kosterink, JGW; Proost, JH; Resnati, C; Stienstra, Y; Touw, DJ; Tran, QTD; van der Werf, TS, 2019)		2.17
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted based on data from 85 women."( Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling.
Best, BM; Burger, DM; Capparelli, E; Colbers, A; Cressey, TR; Greupink, R; Karlsson, MO; Mirochnick, M; Moltó, J; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S; Ter Heine, R, 2019)		0.9
"Full pharmacokinetic profiling nested in a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study."( Pharmacokinetic profiles of boosted darunavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine in aging people living with HIV.
Alves Saldanha, S; Battegay, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Guidi, M; Marzolini, C; Stader, F; Stoeckle, M, 2020)		0.83
"Nineteen PLWH with a median age of 64 years participated in the full pharmacokinetic investigations."( Pharmacokinetic profiles of boosted darunavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine in aging people living with HIV.
Alves Saldanha, S; Battegay, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Guidi, M; Marzolini, C; Stader, F; Stoeckle, M, 2020)		0.83
"3) were applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and assess demographic covariates and relationships with SNPs (SLCO3A1, SLCO1B1, NR1I2, NR1I3, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*22, ABCC2, ABCC10, ABCG2 and SCL47A1)."( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of ritonavir-boosted darunavir in the presence of raltegravir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in HIV-infected adults and the relationship with virological response: a sub-study of the NEAT001
Boffito, M; Bonora, S; Cursley, A; D'Avolio, A; Di Perri, G; Dickinson, L; Fäetkenheuer, G; Gurjar, R; Molina, JM; Owen, A; Pozniak, A; Raffi, F; Richert, L; Stöhr, W; Vandekerckhove, L, 2020)		0.79
"Darunavir (DRV) and ritonavir (RTV; r) intensive pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed at steady state during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (DRV/r 800/100 mg bid) and 2-3 weeks postpartum (DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily)."( Darunavir Pharmacokinetics With an Increased Dose During Pregnancy.
Best, BM; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Eke, AC; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, AM; Wang, J, 2020)		3.44
"To evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of adjusted doses of darunavir/ritonavir with rifampicin."( Pharmacokinetic profile and safety of adjusted doses of darunavir/ritonavir with rifampicin in people living with HIV.
Ebrahim, I; Maartens, G; McIlleron, H; Orrell, C; Smythe, W; Wiesner, L, 2020)		1.04
" However, darunavir displays a large, poorly characterized, inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability."( Exploration of Reduced Doses and Short-Cycle Therapy for Darunavir/Cobicistat in Patients with HIV Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		1.27
"Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were collected in 127 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, then supplemented with rich sampling data from a subset of 12 individuals."( Exploration of Reduced Doses and Short-Cycle Therapy for Darunavir/Cobicistat in Patients with HIV Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		0.87
" However, the heterogeneity in pharmacokinetic response should be considered when assessing whether individual patients could benefit from a particular regimen, for instance through the use of population pharmacokinetic models."( Exploration of Reduced Doses and Short-Cycle Therapy for Darunavir/Cobicistat in Patients with HIV Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		0.87
"A variety of diagnostic methods are available to validate the performance of population pharmacokinetic models."( Optimal sampling strategies for darunavir and external validation of the underlying population pharmacokinetic model.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		0.9
" These could be used to reliably estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters, although with fewer samples, precision decreased and the number of outliers increased significantly."( Optimal sampling strategies for darunavir and external validation of the underlying population pharmacokinetic model.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		0.9
"Optimal sampling strategies derived from this model could be used in clinical practice to enhance therapeutic drug monitoring or to conduct additional pharmacokinetic studies."( Optimal sampling strategies for darunavir and external validation of the underlying population pharmacokinetic model.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		0.9
"Intensive steady-state 24-h pharmacokinetic profiles were performed after administration of 800 mg of darunavir and 150 mg of cobicistat orally in fixed dose combination once-daily during the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir and cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV.
Best, BM; Burchett, S; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Denson, K; Febo, IL; George, K; Mirochnick, M; Momper, JD; Paul, ME; Rungruengthanakit, K; Scott, GB; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J; Yang, DZ, 2021)		1.16
" However, no real-world pharmacokinetic (PK) data are available in treatment-experienced patients with antiretroviral resistance receiving BIC/FTC/TAF plus a boosted protease inhibitor."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021)		0.85
"This prospective, single-center, nonrandomized pharmacokinetic study enrolled adult treatment-experienced persons with HIV and creatinine clearance >30 mL/min receiving BIC/FTC/TAF + DRV/c as part of routine clinical care."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021)		0.85
" The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BIC AUC0-tau,exp and Cmax values were 128."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021)		0.85
"Because pharmacokinetic changes in antiretroviral drugs (ARV), due to their concurrent administration with food or nutritional products, have become a clinical challenge, it is necessary to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of ARV in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH)."( Pharmacokinetic Outcomes of the Interactions of Antiretroviral Agents with Food and Supplements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Leelakanok, N; Methaneethorn, J; Siritientong, T; Thet, D, 2022)		0.72
"Two separate, parallel, three-group, non-randomized, pharmacokinetic studies evaluated either etonogestrel or levonorgestrel in women receiving rilpivirine- or darunavir-based ART compared with women without HIV (control group)."( Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and etonogestrel contraceptive implants over 48 weeks with rilpivirine- or darunavir-based antiretroviral therapy.
Byakika-Kibwika, P; Chappell, CA; Fletcher, CV; Jeppson, J; Kaboggoza, J; Kyohairwe, I; Lamorde, M; Mbabazi, L; Musaazi, J; Nakalema, S; Nakijoba, R; Nassiwa, S; Pham, M; Scarsi, KK; Siccardi, M; Walimbwa, SI; Winchester, L, 2022)		1.13
" Within a nested pharmacokinetic (PK) substudy, we performed a population PK analysis to describe total and unbound dolutegravir plasma concentrations in children and adolescents receiving this dual therapy."( Population pharmacokinetics of unbound and total dolutegravir concentrations in children aged 12 years and older: a PK substudy of the SMILE trial.
Abdalla, S; Coelho, A; Compagnucci, A; Cressey, TR; Hirt, D; Ramos, JT; Riault, Y; Saidi, Y; Tréluyer, JM; Zheng, Y, 2023)		0.91
" At steady state, 8-9 blood samples were taken to construct pharmacokinetic curves."( First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial.
Bamford, A; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Chabala, C; Colbers, A; Denti, P; Doerholt, K; Gibb, DM; Griffiths, AL; Makumbi, S; McIlleron, HM; Monkiewicz, LN; Mulenga, V; Mumbiro, V; Musiime, V; Nangiya, J; Szubert, AJ; Waalewijn, H; Wasmann, RE; Wiesner, L, 2023)		0.91
" For each combination, tenofovir GM (CV%) AUCtau and Cmax remained below reference values in adults taking 25 mg TAF with a boosted protease inhibitors."( First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial.
Bamford, A; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Chabala, C; Colbers, A; Denti, P; Doerholt, K; Gibb, DM; Griffiths, AL; Makumbi, S; McIlleron, HM; Monkiewicz, LN; Mulenga, V; Mumbiro, V; Musiime, V; Nangiya, J; Szubert, AJ; Waalewijn, H; Wasmann, RE; Wiesner, L, 2023)		0.91
" Peer-reviewed publications were included if they met all criteria: adults (≥ 18 years of age) living with or without HIV; report any pharmacokinetic parameter or plasma concentration of at least one of the following ARVs: tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF); doravirine (DOR), rilpivirine (RIL) and etravirine (ETR); darunavir (DRV), tipranavir (TPV) and fostemsavir (FTR); dolutegravir (DTG), raltegravir (RAL), bictegravir (BIC) and elvitegravir (EVG); maraviroc (MVC); ibalizumab (IBA); cobicistat (COBI)."( Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.
Cardoso, SW; Castro, T; Estrela, R; Grinsztejn, B; Oliveira, VG; Toledo, T; Torres, TS; Veloso, VG, 2023)		1.08
"Among 97 studies included, 20 reported pharmacokinetic evaluation in older individuals (age ≥ 50 years)."( Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.
Cardoso, SW; Castro, T; Estrela, R; Grinsztejn, B; Oliveira, VG; Toledo, T; Torres, TS; Veloso, VG, 2023)		0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

Mean plasma concentration-time profiles for atazanavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), darunavir (DRV, administered with ritonavir [RTV]), and drospirenone/ethinylestradiol were similar following co-administration of GSK2248761.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" When brecanavir was tested in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the antiviral activity of brecanavir was synergistic with the effects of stavudine and additive to the effects of zidovudine, tenofovir, dideoxycytidine, didanosine, adefovir, abacavir, lamivudine, and emtricitabine."( In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
Boone, L; Craig, C; Ferris, R; Furfine, E; Griffin, P; Hale, M; Hanlon, M; Harvey, R; Hazen, R; Kaldor, I; Miller, J; Ray, J; Samano, V; Spaltenstein, A; St Clair, M; Tung, R; Yates, P, 2007)		0.34
" An extensive darunavir/r drug-drug interaction programme has been undertaken, covering a wide range of therapeutic areas."( Darunavir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.
Back, D; Hoetelmans, RM; Sekar, V, 2008)		2.15
" This prospective, open-label, 24-week, single-arm trial assessed the efficacy and safety of enfuvirtide (90 mg injected subcutaneously twice daily) in combination with darunavir-ritonavir (600/100 mg administered orally twice daily) in triple-antiretroviral-class-experienced adults failing their current regimen."( Safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide in combination with darunavir-ritonavir and an optimized background regimen in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: the below the level of quantification study.
DeJesus, E; Gathe, JC; Gottlieb, MS; Greenberg, ML; Guittari, CJ; Zolopa, AR, 2008)		0.79
"Concomitant use of immunosuppressive agents and antiretroviral drugs may lead to complex drug-drug interactions."( Drug-drug interaction in a kidney transplant recipient receiving HIV salvage therapy and tacrolimus.
Battegay, M; Marzolini, C; Mayr, M; Mertz, D, 2009)		0.35
"The aim of this open-label, fixed-sequence study was to investigate the potential of Echinacea purpurea, a commonly used botanical supplement, to interact with the boosted protease inhibitor darunavir-ritonavir."( Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Barbanoj, MJ; Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Negredo, E; Valle, M, 2011)		0.81
" Mean plasma concentration-time profiles for atazanavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), darunavir (DRV, administered with ritonavir [RTV]), and drospirenone/ethinylestradiol were similar following co-administration of GSK2248761."( Drug interaction profile for GSK2248761, a next generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
de Serres, M; Gould, E; Johnson, M; Kim, J; Lou, Y; Mayers, D; Pietropaolo, K; Piscitelli, S; White, S; Zhou, XJ, 2012)		0.59
"We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the coformulation of ABC/3TC administered with DRV/r in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.37
" The drug combination appears to be generally safe and well tolerated."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.37
"Rodent models are less suitable for predicting drug-drug interactions at the level of the human intestinal mucosa, especially when nuclear receptors such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) are involved."( PXR/CYP3A4-humanized mice for studying drug-drug interactions involving intestinal P-glycoprotein.
Annaert, P; Augustijns, P; Baes, M; Gonzalez, FJ; Holmstock, N, 2013)		0.39
" Although antidepressants are prescribed to a significant proportion of patients treated with antiretrovirals, there are limited clinical data on drug-drug interactions."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
" Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction were simulated using the full physiologically based pharmacokinetic model implemented in the Simcyp™ ADME simulator."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
"Simulated pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions were in concordance with available clinical data."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
" These findings indicate that IVIVE is a useful tool for predicting drug-drug interactions and designing prospective clinical trials, giving insight into the variability of exposure, sample size and time-dependent induction or inhibition."( Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Almond, L; Back, D; Khoo, S; Kirov, A; Marzolini, C; Owen, A; Seden, K; Siccardi, M, 2013)		0.39
" When ATV-LNPs were prepared with ritonavir (RTV), a metabolic and cellular membrane exporter inhibitor, and tenofovir (TFV), an HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, stable, scalable, and reproducible anti-HIV drug combination LNPs were produced."( Evaluation of atazanavir and darunavir interactions with lipids for developing pH-responsive anti-HIV drug combination nanoparticles.
Duan, J; Freeling, JP; Ho, RJ; Koehn, J; Shu, C, 2014)		0.69
"We report an unusual case of pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with AIDS and we demonstrated the drug-drug interactions between voriconazole, darunavir/ritonavir and tenofovir/emtricitabine."( Drug interactions between voriconazole, darunavir/ritonavir and tenofovir/emtricitabine in an HIV-infected patient treated for Aspergillus candidus lung abscess.
Becker, A; Desprez, S; Froidure, M; Gagneux, M; Huguet, D; Leduc, D; Legout, L; Sifaoui, F; Vignoli, P, 2015)		0.88
" However, digoxin is rarely used in HIV patients; hence, digoxin toxicity due to drug-drug interaction is not widely recognised."( Life-threatening digoxin toxicity due to drug-drug interactions in an HIV-positive man.
Heatley, MK; Roberts, B; Yoganathan, K, 2017)		0.46
"Dolutegravir plasma trough concentrations were measured in 78 HIV-infected patients given the drug in combination with a protease inhibitor, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or abacavir/lamivudine."( Dolutegravir plasma concentrations according to companion antiretroviral drug: unwanted drug interaction or desirable boosting effect?
Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cozzi, V; Galli, M; Gervasoni, C; Meraviglia, P; Minisci, D; Riva, A, 2017)		0.46
" This case presents the combination of tenofovir disoproxil in combination with a protease inhibitor as a new potential dual treatment regimen."( Dual antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir (TDF) and darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) in an HIV-1 positive patient: a case report, review, and meta-analysis of the literature on dual treatment strategies using protease inhibitors in combination with an NRTI.
Höring, S; Löffler, B; Pletz, MW; Rößler, S; Schleenvoigt, BT; Weis, S, 2018)		0.73
"We report the cases of two treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients with complex antiretroviral regimens that showed significant drug-drug interactions with etravirine."( Optimizing concentrations of concomitant antiretrovirals by reducing etravirine doses: two case reports of complex drug-drug interactions.
Cabot, JF; Denault, JS; Langlois, H; Marcotte, S; Sheehan, NL, 2019)		0.51
" Hence, potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may occur between these 2 drugs and antiretrovirals."( Drug-Drug Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Carbamazepine/Oxcarbazepine: A Real-Life Investigation.
Atzori, C; Baldelli, S; Cattaneo, D; Cozzi, V; Filice, C; Fusi, M; Gervasoni, C; Micheli, V, 2020)		0.56
"This was a Phase I, open-label, two cohort (n=18/cohort), fixed-sequence study in healthy females that evaluated the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between multiple-dose ATV+COBI or DRV+COBI and single-dose drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (EE)."( Confirmation of the drug-drug interaction potential between cobicistat-boosted antiretroviral regimens and hormonal contraceptives.
Das, M; Kearney, BP; Ling, KH; Majeed, SR; West, S, 2019)		0.51
": The risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is elevated in aging people living with HIV (PLWH) because of highly prevalent age-related comorbidities leading to more comedications."( Aging does not impact drug--drug interaction magnitudes with antiretrovirals.
Battegay, M; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, L; Marzolini, C; Saldanha, SA; Stader, F; Stoeckle, M, 2020)		0.56
"Dolutegravir in combination with NRTIs was effective in treating patients with HIV-1 infection, including those with extensive NRTI resistance in whom no NRTIs were predicted to have activity."( Dolutegravir or Darunavir in Combination with Zidovudine or Tenofovir to Treat HIV.
Asienzo, J; Ategeka, G; Balyegisawa, A; Castelnuovo, B; Hakim, J; Hoppe, A; Kaimal, A; Kambugu, A; Kiragga, A; Kityo, C; Mirembe, G; Mugerwa, H; Musaazi, J; Paton, NI; Siika, A; Tukamushabe, P; Walimbwa, S, 2021)		0.97
" Following a 2 × 2 factorial design and stratified by site and screening HIV-1 RNA concentration, participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive a 96-week regimen containing either dolutegravir (50 mg once daily) or ritonavir-boosted darunavir (800 mg of darunavir plus 100 mg of ritonavir once daily) in combination with either tenofovir (300 mg once daily) plus lamivudine (300 mg once daily) or zidovudine (300 mg twice daily) plus lamivudine (150 mg twice daily)."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non
Asienzo, J; Ategeka, G; Balyegisawa, A; Borok, M; Castelnuovo, B; Hoppe, A; Kaimal, A; Kambugu, A; Kiragga, A; Kityo, C; Lugemwa, A; Mirembe, G; Mugerwa, H; Musaazi, J; Odongpiny, ELA; Paton, NI; Siika, A; Walimbwa, S, 2022)		1.17
"Previous use of a mechanistic static model to accurately quantify the increased rosuvastatin exposure due to drug-drug interaction (DDI) with coadministered atazanavir underpredicted the magnitude of area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio (AUCR) based on inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1."( Mechanistic in vitro studies indicate that the clinical drug-drug interactions between protease inhibitors and rosuvastatin are driven by inhibition of intestinal BCRP and hepatic OATP1B1 with minimal contribution from OATP1B3, NTCP and OAT3.
Atkinson, H; Coghlan, H; Edgerton, J; Elsby, R; Hodgson, D; Outteridge, S, 2023)		0.91

Bioavailability

Darunavir has a low oral bioavailability and poor intestinal absorption. It is increased when it is coadministered in combination with low-dose (100mg) ritonavir.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Darunavir is well absorbed, and the bioavailability of darunavir increases by 30% when given with food."( Darunavir: a second-generation protease inhibitor.
Busse, KH; Penzak, SR, 2007)		2.69
" Coadministration with small doses of the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir results in an increase in darunavir bioavailability from 37% to 82%."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of darunavir.
Arastéh, K; Rittweger, M, 2007)		0.85
" We initially introduced new structural templates, particulary nonpeptidic conformationally constrained P 2 ligands that would efficiently mimic peptide binding in the S 2 subsite of the protease and provide enhanced bioavailability to the inhibitor."( Design of HIV protease inhibitors targeting protein backbone: an effective strategy for combating drug resistance.
Chapsal, BD; Ghosh, AK; Mitsuya, H; Weber, IT, 2008)		0.35
" The bioavailability of oral darunavir is increased when it is coadministered in combination with low-dose (100mg) ritonavir."( Darunavir: in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Fenton, C; Perry, CM, 2007)		2.07
" The relative bioavailability of darunavir versus the reference tablet (F(rel)) was 155% with kappa-carrageenan pellets and 2% with MCC pellets without ritonavir, while 78% and 9%, respectively, in presence of ritonavir."( Improved bioavailability of darunavir by use of kappa-carrageenan versus microcrystalline cellulose as pelletisation aid.
Baert, L; Geldof, M; Kleinebudde, P; Rosier, J; Schueller, L; Thommes, M; van 't Klooster, G, 2009)		0.93
" Modification of the core regiochemistry and stereochemistry significantly affected the potency, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability of the inhibitors, as did the variation of a pendent arylmethyl P3 group."( 2-Pyridyl P1'-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with potential for convenient dosing and reduced side effects.
Chen, HJ; Colletti, L; Degoey, DA; Dekhtyar, T; Flentge, CA; Flosi, WJ; Grampovnik, DJ; Kati, WM; Kempf, DJ; Klein, LL; Mamo, M; Marsh, KC; Mo, H; Molla, A; Morfitt, DC; Nguyen, B; Randolph, JT; Schmidt, JM; Stoll, V; Swanson, SJ; Yeung, CM, 2009)		0.35
" Coadministration with ritonavir (RTV) improves the oral bioavailability of DRV."( P-glycoprotein mediates efflux transport of darunavir in human intestinal Caco-2 and ABCB1 gene-transfected renal LLC-PK1 cell lines.
Fujimoto, H; Ghosh, AK; Hamada, A; Higuchi, M; Koh, Y; Mitsuya, H; Saito, H; Tanoue, N; Watanabe, H, 2009)		0.61
" Relative bioavailability of ritonavir was low, when compared with other ritonavir regimens."( Intracellular and plasma steady-state pharmacokinetics of raltegravir, darunavir, etravirine and ritonavir in heavily pre-treated HIV-infected patients.
Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Mulder, JW; Ter Heine, R; van Gorp, EC; Wagenaar, JF, 2010)		0.59
" Based on this study, coadministration of investigated compounds with garlic supplements could result in significant in vivo modification of hepatic transport-enzyme interplay, possibly leading to further bioavailability change."( The influence of aged garlic extract on the uptake of saquinavir and darunavir into HepG2 cells and rat liver slices.
Berginc, K; Kristl, A; Trontelj, J, 2010)		0.6
"This study compared the bioavailability of two candidate fixed-dose combinations (FDCs: G003 and G004) of darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg with that of darunavir 800 mg and ritonavir 100 mg coadministered as single agents."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir in fixed-dose combination with cobicistat compared with coadministration of darunavir and ritonavir as single agents in healthy volunteers.
Hillewaert, V; Hoetelmans, RM; Iterbeke, K; Kakuda, TN; Opsomer, M; Petrovic, R; Timmers, M; Van De Casteele, T, 2014)		0.94
" Finally, data on a fixed-dose combination of 800/150 mg of darunavir/cobicistat once daily are presented, showing comparable darunavir bioavailability to that obtained with 800/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir once daily."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of boosted once-daily darunavir.
Brochot, A; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Tomaka, FL; Van De Casteele, T; Vangeneugden, T, 2014)		0.89
"To assess the relative oral bioavailability (NCT01052883) and bioequivalence (NCT01308658) of a darunavir 800-mg tablet vs."( Bioavailability and bioequivalence of a darunavir 800-mg tablet formulation compared with the 400-mg tablet formulation.
Hillewaert, V; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Leopold, L; Timmers, M; Tomaka, FL; Van De Casteele, T, 2014)		0.89
"00%, except bioavailability AUC(0-∞) (fed and fasted conditions)."( Bioavailability and bioequivalence of a darunavir 800-mg tablet formulation compared with the 400-mg tablet formulation.
Hillewaert, V; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Leopold, L; Timmers, M; Tomaka, FL; Van De Casteele, T, 2014)		0.67
"The current study was aimed to investigate the potential of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) composed of Capmul MCM C8 (oil), Tween 80 (surfactant) and Transcutol P (co-surfactant) in improving the dissolution and oral bioavailability of darunavir."( Solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) of darunavir for improved dissolution and oral bioavailability: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Bandari, S; Dhurke, R; Eedara, BB; Inugala, S; Jukanti, R; Kandadi, P; Sunkavalli, S, 2015)		0.84
"Darunavir is effective against wild-type and PI-resistant HIV, and has an oral bioavailability of 37%."( In-vivo bioavailability and lymphatic uptake evaluation of lipid nanoparticulates of darunavir.
Bartakke, US; Bhalekar, MR; Dube, A; Kshirsagar, SJ; Madgulkar, AR; Upadhaya, PG, 2016)		2.1
" Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed as unboosted DRV has a bioavailability of 37% and the virologic and immunologic response has only been demonstrated with ritonavirboosted DRV."( The use of unboosted darunavir in the setting of ritonavir intolerance: three case reports.
Fulco, PP; Gomes, D; Nixon, D; Smith, K, 2016)		0.75
" Simulations with apparent oral clearance increased by 71% and 36% and relative bioavailability decreased by 20% and 45% for darunavir and ritonavir, respectively, were performed for +rifampicin, 600 mg once daily (n = 1000)."( Simulation of the impact of rifampicin on once-daily darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics and dose adjustment strategies: a population pharmacokinetic approach.
Back, D; Boffito, M; Dickinson, L; Khoo, S; Siccardi, M; Winston, A, 2016)		0.89
"This 2-part, phase 1, open-label, randomized, crossover study (NCT00752310) assessed ritonavir-boosted darunavir bioavailability (oral suspension vs."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir after administration of an oral suspension with low-dose ritonavir and with or without food.
De Paepe, E; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Lavreys, L; Sekar, V; Stevens, T; Vangeneugden, T; Vanstockem, M, 2014)		0.94
"The present investigation aimed to study the effect of particle size of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) on oral bioavailability of darunavir."( Effect of particle size on oral bioavailability of darunavir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.
Desai, J; Thakkar, H, 2016)		0.89
"Although the prevalence of alcohol consumption is higher in HIV+ people than general public, limited information is available on how alcohol affects the metabolism and bioavailability of darunavir (DRV)."( Influence of Ethanol on Darunavir Hepatic Clearance and Intracellular PK/PD in HIV-Infected Monocytes, and CYP3A4-Darunavir Interactions Using Inhibition and in Silico Binding Studies.
Cory, TJ; Gong, Y; Kumar, S; Li, J; Li, W; Meibohm, B; Midde, NM, 2017)		0.95
"Darunavir has a low oral bioavailability (37%) due to its lipophilic nature, metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-gp efflux."( Darunavir-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeting to HIV Reservoirs.
Desai, J; Thakkar, H, 2018)		3.37
"The aim of the present study was to improve bioavailability of an important antiretroviral drug, Darunavir (DRV), which has low water solubility and poor intestinal absorption through solid dispersion (SD) approach incorporating polymer with P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential."( Role of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in the Bioavailability Enhancement of Solid Dispersion of Darunavir.
Ahmad, S; Ali, J; Baboota, S; Bari, NK; Fazil, M; Khan, S; Kumar, V; Nabi, B; Rehman, S; Singh, R, 2017)		0.89
" Oral bioavailability studies revealed better absorption of DRV when given with food."( Role of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in the Bioavailability Enhancement of Solid Dispersion of Darunavir.
Ahmad, S; Ali, J; Baboota, S; Bari, NK; Fazil, M; Khan, S; Kumar, V; Nabi, B; Rehman, S; Singh, R, 2017)		0.68
"It is concluded that SD of DRV with the incorporation of Kolliphor TPGS was potential and promising approach in increasing bioavailability of DRV as well as minimizing its extrusion via P-glycoprotein efflux transporters."( Role of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in the Bioavailability Enhancement of Solid Dispersion of Darunavir.
Ahmad, S; Ali, J; Baboota, S; Bari, NK; Fazil, M; Khan, S; Kumar, V; Nabi, B; Rehman, S; Singh, R, 2017)		0.68
"Nanonizationhas been extensively investigated to increase theoral bioavailability of hydrophobicdrugsin general andantiretrovirals(ARVs)used inthe therapy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in particular."( Nanoparticle-in-microparticle oral drug delivery system of a clinically relevant darunavir/ritonavir antiretroviral combination.
Arzi, RS; Ashkenazi, DL; Augustine, R; Shofti, R; Sosnik, A; Zlobin, V, 2018)		0.71
"The present work aimed to formulate Darunavir loaded lipid nanoemulsion to increase its oral bioavailability and enhance brain uptake."( Enhanced oral bioavailability and brain uptake of Darunavir using lipid nanoemulsion formulation.
Desai, J; Thakkar, H, 2019)		1.04
"Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect pharmacokinetics and reduce a mother's bioavailability of antiretroviral drugs, potentially altering their pharmacological activity."( Low plasmatic concentration of intensified antiretroviral therapy in a pregnant woman: a case report.
Be, G; Chiesi, S; Lanzafame, M; Lattuada, E; Piacentini, D; Rizzardo, S; Tacconelli, E, 2019)		0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global health concern to which nanomedicine approaches provide opportunities to improve the bioavailability of existing drugs used to treat HIV."( Optimization of the synthetic parameters of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles dual loaded with darunavir and ritonavir for the treatment of HIV.
Cauldbeck, H; Elkateb, H; McDonald, T; Niezabitowska, E; Owen, A; Rannard, S; Tatham, LM, 2020)		0.78

Dosage Studied

This is the first study to compare darunavir CSF concentrations in patients taking the once-daily or the twice-daily dosage. The article also discusses the methods for preparation of darUnavir, its physical-chemical properties and analytical methods.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, clinical efficacy, adverse events, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of darunavir are reviewed."( Darunavir: a second-generation protease inhibitor.
Busse, KH; Penzak, SR, 2007)		1.98
" The recommended adult dosage of darunavir is 600 mg (two tablets) combined with ritonavir 100 mg every 12 hours with food."( Darunavir: a second-generation protease inhibitor.
Busse, KH; Penzak, SR, 2007)		2.06
" The approved dosage of darunavir is 600 mg in combination with ritonavir 100mg twice daily."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of darunavir.
Arastéh, K; Rittweger, M, 2007)		0.94
" Also discussed are the published clinical experience with darunavir, its adverse events, drug interactions, pharmacoeconomics, and dosing and administration."( Darunavir: a nonpeptidic antiretroviral protease inhibitor.
McCoy, C, 2007)		2.03
" In conclusion, the implantable adapted Codman 3000 constant-flow infusion pump customized to anti-HIV therapy allows sustained release of anti-HIV medication and may represent an opportunity to reduce the pill burden and complexity of dosing schemes associated with common anti-HIV therapy."( Development of an implantable infusion pump for sustained anti-HIV drug administration.
Baert, L; Borghys, H; Clessens, E; Klooster, Gv; Macbride, D; Rosier, J; Schueller, L; Tardy, Y; Van Den Mooter, G; Van Gyseghem, E; Van Remoortere, P; Wigerinck, P, 2008)		0.35
" N-desmethyl sildenafil Cmax and AUC from the time of administration until the last time point with a measurable concentration after dosing (calculated by linear trapezoidal summation [AUClast]) values decreased by approximately 95% when sildenafil 25 mg was co-administered with DRV/r compared with sildenafil 100 mg alone."( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study.
De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)		0.64
"The objective of this study was to examine the potential of once-daily dosing with darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in a HIV-infected, treatment-experienced patient population with no baseline darunavir resistance-associated mutations (RAMs)."( Efficacy of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in HIV-infected, treatment-experienced patients with no baseline resistance-associated mutations to darunavir.
de Béthune, MP; De Meyer, SM; Miralles, GD; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Vangeneugden, TJ, 2008)		0.88
" We have some theoretical and clinical data available that enables us to consider the possibility of administering DRV/r once a day in some patients with a few mutations in the protease and in those where this dosing regime is considered important."( [Darunavir as first-line therapy. The TITAN study].
Curran, A; Ribera Pascuet, E, 2008)		1.26
" For the overall POWER trial population, with significant baseline resistance to PIs, the rates of HIV RNA suppression <50 copies/mL at Week 24 for darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once-daily [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] were lower than for the 600/100 mg twice-daily dosage (31% vs."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once-daily in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients.
Boffito, M; Hill, A; Miralles, D, )		0.6
" Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy were assessed following 2-week dosing (part I), which determined dosing for part II (evaluated 48-week safety and efficacy)."( Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced children and adolescents.
Blanche, S; Bologna, R; Cahn, P; Dierynck, I; Flynn, P; Fortuny, C; Rugina, S; Sekar, V; Spinosa-Guzman, S; van Baelen, B; Vis, P, 2009)		0.62
" There was no relationship between elvitegravir dosage and adverse events."( Activity of elvitegravir, a once-daily integrase inhibitor, against resistant HIV Type 1: results of a phase 2, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging clinical trial.
Berger, DS; Cheng, AK; Chuck, SL; Enejosa, JV; Kearney, BP; Lampiris, H; Zhong, L; Zolopa, AR, 2010)		0.36
"5, the dosage was switched to 600/100 mg twice daily."( Treatment simplification to once daily darunavir/ritonavir guided by the darunavir inhibitory quotient in heavily pretreated HIV-infected patients.
Barbanoj, MJ; Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Mothe, B; Negredo, E; Santos, JR; Valle, M; Videla, S; Yritia, M, 2010)		0.63
" No dosage adjustment for S/GSK1349572 is required when used with lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir."( The effect of lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir on the HIV integrase inhibitor S/GSK1349572 in healthy participants.
Borland, J; Chen, S; Ishibashi, T; Lou, Y; Min, SS; Patel, P; Piscitelli, SC; Song, I, 2011)		0.86
" During a 12 h dosing interval plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected."( Intracellular and plasma steady-state pharmacokinetics of raltegravir, darunavir, etravirine and ritonavir in heavily pre-treated HIV-infected patients.
Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Mulder, JW; Ter Heine, R; van Gorp, EC; Wagenaar, JF, 2010)		0.59
" The exposure (AUC within the dosage interval and at steady state [AUC(τ)]) to desRFB was considerably increased (by 881%) following treatment with DRV/r/RFB."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and rifabutin coadministered in HIV-negative healthy volunteers.
Berckmans, C; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, R; Lavreys, L; Sekar, V; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Van de Casteele, T; Vangeneugden, T, 2010)		0.68
"Addition of darunavir/ritonavir to etravirine, all dosed once daily, did not have a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of etravirine."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily etravirine without and with once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive HIV type-1-infected adults.
DeJesus, E; Kakuda, TN; Lalezari, JP; Osiyemi, OO; Ruane, PJ; Ryan, R; Witek, J, 2010)		0.97
" The aim of this study was to formulate 800 mg of Darunavir in a single unit dosage form, with suitable mechanical properties and dissolution behavior, using a corotating twin screw extruder."( 800 mg Darunavir tablets prepared by hot melt extrusion.
Baert, L; Rosier, J; Thommes, M, )		0.84
" A month after the aripiprazole dosage was increased to 50 mg daily, the patient developed confusion and loss of coordination."( Increased aripiprazole concentrations in an HIV-positive male concurrently taking duloxetine, darunavir, and ritonavir.
Aung, GL; Kawamoto, LS; O'Brien, JG; Tien, PG, 2010)		0.58
" However, ENF treatment is associated with injection site reactions and dosing fatigue."( A 48-week pilot study switching suppressed patients to darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine from enfuvirtide, protease inhibitor(s), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(s).
Alas, B; Perniciaro, A; Ruane, P; Ryan, R; Witek, J, 2010)		0.61
"The object of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of darunavir-ritonavir and atazanavir-ritonavir once-daily dosing over 72 h (h) following drug intake cessation."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir-ritonavir and atazanavir-ritonavir over 72 hours following drug cessation.
Amara, A; Back, D; Boffito, M; Gazzard, B; Higgs, C; Jackson, A; Khoo, S; Moyle, G; Seymour, N, 2011)		0.89
" Lopinavir was active at levels well below those achieved with standard dosing of coformulated lopinavir-ritonavir."( In vitro activity of antiretroviral drugs against Plasmodium falciparum.
Nsanzabana, C; Rosenthal, PJ, 2011)		0.37
" Notably, this interaction was independent of the dosage of darunavir and not due to effects of raltegravir on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir."( Co-administration of raltegravir reduces daily darunavir exposure in HIV-1 infected patients.
Baldelli, S; Boreggio, G; Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cozzi, V; Fucile, S; Gervasoni, C; Landonio, S; Meraviglia, P; Rizzardini, G, 2012)		0.88
"To describe the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc when dosed at 150 or 300 mg once daily with 800/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir."( Once daily maraviroc 300 mg or 150 mg in combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir 800/100 mg.
Ainsworth, J; Cook, R; Dufty, N; Gandhi, K; Hickinbottom, G; Khonyongwa, K; Okoli, C; Owen, A; Siccardi, M; Taylor, S; Thomas-William, S; Watson, J, 2012)		0.82
"19) for the concentration at the end of the dosing interval."( Effect of milk thistle on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
Cedeño, S; Clotet, B; Miranda, C; Moltó, J; Negredo, E; Valle, M, 2012)		0.63
"This is the first study to compare darunavir CSF concentrations in patients taking the once-daily or the twice-daily dosage: our data show that darunavir and ritonavir dosing significantly affects not only CSF concentrations but also the extent of drug penetration into the CSF."( Determinants of darunavir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations: impact of once-daily dosing and pharmacogenetics.
Bertucci, R; Bonora, S; Calcagno, A; Cusato, J; D'Avolio, A; Di Perri, G; Marinaro, L; Siccardi, M; Simiele, M; Yilmaz, A, 2012)		1
"1 for the concentration prior to the next dose (C(12)) with no differences between dosing groups."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir in Asian HIV-1-infected children aged ≥7 years.
Ananworanich, J; Burger, D; Chokephaibulkit, K; Gorowara, M; Kerr, SJ; Pasomsap, C; Phongsamart, W; Prasitsuebsai, W; Puthanakit, T; Sekar, V; Sophonphan, J; Suwanlerk, T; Vanprapar, N; Wittawatmongkol, O, 2012)		0.7
"Thai children aged ≥7 years who were on standard darunavir dosing with 100 mg ritonavir boosting had adequate and comparable darunavir AUC(0-12), C(max) and C(12) to non-Asian children who mainly used lower doses of ritonavir boosting."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir in Asian HIV-1-infected children aged ≥7 years.
Ananworanich, J; Burger, D; Chokephaibulkit, K; Gorowara, M; Kerr, SJ; Pasomsap, C; Phongsamart, W; Prasitsuebsai, W; Puthanakit, T; Sekar, V; Sophonphan, J; Suwanlerk, T; Vanprapar, N; Wittawatmongkol, O, 2012)		0.96
"Subjects with HIV infection were selected based on the use of darunavir-containing regimens with a twice-daily dosing schedule and availability of stored CSF and matched plasma."( Darunavir is predominantly unbound to protein in cerebrospinal fluid and concentrations exceed the wild-type HIV-1 median 90% inhibitory concentration.
Best, BM; Capparelli, E; Clifford, DB; Collier, AC; Croteau, D; Ellis, RJ; Gelman, BB; Grant, I; Letendre, S; Marra, CM; McArthur, J; McCutchan, JA; Morgello, S; Rossi, SS; Simpson, DM, 2013)		2.07
" Coadministration with boceprevir decreased RTV AUC during a dosing interval τ (AUC(τ)) by 22%-36%."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and ritonavir-boosted HIV-1 protease inhibitors atazanavir, darunavir, and lopinavir.
Butterton, JR; Feng, HP; Hughes, EA; Hulskotte, EG; O'Mara, E; Treitel, MA; van Zutven, MG; Wagner, JA; Xuan, F; Youngberg, SP, 2013)		0.59
" They are characterized by highly cooperative dose-response curves that are not explained by current pharmacodynamic theory."( Multi-step inhibition explains HIV-1 protease inhibitor pharmacodynamics and resistance.
Bailey, JR; Chioma, S; Durand, CM; Laird, GM; Laskey, S; Moore, RD; Rabi, SA; Shan, L; Siliciano, RF, 2013)		0.39
"The use of rivaroxaban in fixed dosing regimens without need for routine coagulation monitoring may lead to the misconception that there is a minimal risk of drug-drug interactions."( Gastrointestinal bleeding associated with rivaroxaban administration in a treated patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Battegay, M; Elzi, L; Lakatos, B; Marzolini, C; Stoeckle, M, 2014)		0.4
" It is prescribed at standard dosage regimens of 600/100 mg twice daily in treatment-experienced patients and 800/100 mg once daily in naive patients."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.63
" Finally, model-based simulations were performed to compare trough concentrations (Cmin) between the recommended dosage regimen and alternative combinations of darunavir and ritonavir."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.82
" The simulations predicted darunavir Cmin much higher than the IC50 thresholds for wild-type and protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains (55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively) under standard dosing in >98% of experienced and naive patients."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Aouri, M; Arab-Alameddine, M; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fayet-Mello, A; Gatri, M; Guidi, M; Ledergerber, B; Lubomirov, R; Panchaud, A; Rentsch, K; Rotger, M; Telenti, A; Widmer, N, 2014)		0.92
" the area under the plasma concentration-time curve over a dosing interval at steady state (AUC(0-τ))] and for peak exposure [i."( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and pitavastatin when co-administered to healthy adult volunteers.
Campbell, SE; Medlock, MM; Morgan, RE; Small, DS; Sponseller, CA; Yu, CY, 2014)		0.68
" Thus, once-daily dosing can lead to improved patient adherence to medication and, consequently, sustained virological suppression and reduction in the risk of emergence of drug resistance."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of boosted once-daily darunavir.
Brochot, A; Hoetelmans, RM; Kakuda, TN; Tomaka, FL; Van De Casteele, T; Vangeneugden, T, 2014)		0.64
" This behavior of darunavir is problematic because the dosage form is exposed to different ambient conditions around the world, since HIV/AIDS is prevalent globally."( A critical review of properties of darunavir and analytical methods for its determination.
Corrêa, JC; D'Arcy, DM; Salgado, HR; Serra, CH, 2014)		1.01
"To describe darunavir (DRV) pharmacokinetics with once-and twice-daily dosing during pregnancy and postpartum in HIV-infected women."( Pharmacokinetics of Once Versus Twice Daily Darunavir in Pregnant HIV-Infected Women.
Best, BM; Burchett, SK; Capparelli, EV; Cressey, TR; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Mofenson, LM; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, D; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J, 2015)		1.06
"Women were enrolled in International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network Protocol P1026s, a prospective nonblinded study of antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant women that included separate cohorts receiving DRV/ritonavir dosed at either 800 mg/100 mg once daily or 600 mg/100 mg twice daily."( Pharmacokinetics of Once Versus Twice Daily Darunavir in Pregnant HIV-Infected Women.
Best, BM; Burchett, SK; Capparelli, EV; Cressey, TR; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Mofenson, LM; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, D; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J, 2015)		0.68
" Median DRV area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration were significantly reduced during pregnancy with both dosing regimens compared with postpartum, whereas the last measurable concentration (Clast) was also reduced during pregnancy with once daily DRV."( Pharmacokinetics of Once Versus Twice Daily Darunavir in Pregnant HIV-Infected Women.
Best, BM; Burchett, SK; Capparelli, EV; Cressey, TR; Kreitchmann, R; Mirochnick, M; Mofenson, LM; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, D; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J, 2015)		0.68
"This article reviews the clinical pharmacology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability, drug interactions, and dosing and administration of cobicistat."( Cobicistat: Review of a Pharmacokinetic Enhancer for HIV Infection.
Gauthier, TP; Schafer, JJ; Sherman, EM; Unger, NR; Worley, MV, 2015)		0.42
"With potent durability through 48 weeks, a tolerability profile comparable to other first- and second-line antiretroviral therapies, and a convenient dosing schedule with low daily pill burden in fixed-dose combination tablets, cobicistat is a potential addition to the management of HIV infection as a PK enhancer."( Cobicistat: Review of a Pharmacokinetic Enhancer for HIV Infection.
Gauthier, TP; Schafer, JJ; Sherman, EM; Unger, NR; Worley, MV, 2015)		0.42
" Thus, co-medications should be systematically reviewed when switching the pharmacokinetic enhancer to anticipate potential dosage adjustments."( Cobicistat versus ritonavir boosting and differences in the drug-drug interaction profiles with co-medications.
Back, D; Gibbons, S; Khoo, S; Marzolini, C, 2016)		0.43
"RPV PK in this adolescent population was similar to adults when dosed without DRV/r."( Rilpivirine Pharmacokinetics Without and With Darunavir/Ritonavir Once Daily in Adolescents and Young Adults.
Acosta, EP; Britto, P; Carey, VJ; Cressey, TR; Foca, M; Graham, B; Hazra, R; Jean-Philippe, P; King, J; Wiznia, A; Yogev, R, 2016)		0.69
" Elvitegravir, cobicistat and darunavir concentrations at the end of the dosing interval ( C 24 ) were quantified using a validated LC with tandem MS method."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir and darunavir in HIV-infected patients.
Benmarzouk-Hidalgo, OJ; Espinosa, N; Fernandez-Magdaleno, T; Gutierrez-Valencia, A; Llaves, S; Lopez-Cortes, LF; Viciana, P, 2017)		0.98
"The results provide evidence of similar elvitegravir and darunavir C 24 concentrations when these drugs are co-administered as co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus 800 mg darunavir or dosed separately."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir and darunavir in HIV-infected patients.
Benmarzouk-Hidalgo, OJ; Espinosa, N; Fernandez-Magdaleno, T; Gutierrez-Valencia, A; Llaves, S; Lopez-Cortes, LF; Viciana, P, 2017)		0.93
" This boosting effect of atazanavir could be used to optimize dolutegravir dosing in particular clinical settings."( Dolutegravir plasma concentrations according to companion antiretroviral drug: unwanted drug interaction or desirable boosting effect?
Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cozzi, V; Galli, M; Gervasoni, C; Meraviglia, P; Minisci, D; Riva, A, 2017)		0.46
"The dosage of darunavir/ritonavir is 800/100 mg once daily for treatment-naive patients or treatment-experienced patients with no prior darunavir resistance associated mutations, and 600/100 mg twice daily for treatment-experienced patients with one or more darunavir resistance associated mutations."( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Darunavir/Ritonavir in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women.
Brown, K; Burger, D; Hadacek, MB; Hill, A; Khoo, S; La Porte, C; Moecklinghoff, C; Peytavin, G, )		0.78
"A rapid, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection has been developed for quantification of darunavir and raltegravir in their pharmaceutical dosage form."( A rapid validated UV-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the antiretroviral compounds darunavir and raltegravir in their dosage form.
Estan-Cerezo, G; García-Monsalve, A; Navarro-Ruiz, A; Rodríguez-Lucena, FJ; Soriano-Irigaray, L, 2017)		0.87
"Determination of the darunavir and raltegravir in their dosage form was done with a maximum deviation of 4%."( A rapid validated UV-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the antiretroviral compounds darunavir and raltegravir in their dosage form.
Estan-Cerezo, G; García-Monsalve, A; Navarro-Ruiz, A; Rodríguez-Lucena, FJ; Soriano-Irigaray, L, 2017)		0.99
" Darunavir concentrations at the end of the dosing interval were quantified by LC-MS/MS."( Darunavir concentrations in CSF of HIV-infected individuals when boosted with cobicistat versus ritonavir.
Bartels, H; Battegay, M; Decosterd, L; Marzolini, C, 2017)		2.81
" Next, population fetal pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated for different maternal darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens."( Prediction of Fetal Darunavir Exposure by Integrating Human Ex-Vivo Placental Transfer and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.
Buaben, AO; Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Freriksen, JJM; Greupink, R; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S, 2018)		1.03
"The results indicate that the population fetal exposure after oral maternal darunavir dosing is therapeutic and this may provide benefits to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus."( Prediction of Fetal Darunavir Exposure by Integrating Human Ex-Vivo Placental Transfer and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.
Buaben, AO; Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Freriksen, JJM; Greupink, R; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S, 2018)		1.03
" Clinical pharmacology and trial data are reviewed, and the safety, efficacy and dosing of darunavir during pregnancy is discussed."( Darunavir for use in pregnant women with HIV.
Kashuba, A; Pope, R, 2017)		2.12
"Regimen switching in virally suppressed HIV-1-infected patients may be considered to reduce pill burden or dosing frequency, decrease short- or long-term toxicity, prevent or manage drug-drug interactions, and/or decrease cost."( Dolutegravir Dual Therapy as Maintenance Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients: A Review.
Boswell, R; Foisy, MM; Hughes, CA, 2018)		0.48
"In this multicenter pharmacokinetic study in HIV-infected children (6-12 years of age), we validated the approved once-daily darunavir/ritonavir dosing recommendations."( Pharmacokinetics, Short-term Safety and Efficacy of the Approved Once-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir Dosing Regimen in HIV-infected Children.
Bastiaans, DET; Burger, DM; Colbers, APH; Geelen, SPM; Roukens, M; van der Flier, M; van Rossum, AMC; Vermont, CL; Visser, EG, 2018)		0.92
" To establish a method of dosage adjustment for darunavir (DRV) based on pharmacokinetic theory, we analyzed the correlation between DRV levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma."( Darunavir concentration in PBMCs may be a better indicator of drug exposure in HIV patients.
Araki, T; Gohda, F; Handa, H; Nagano, D; Nakamura, T; Ogawa, Y; Uchiumi, H; Yamamoto, K; Yanagisawa, K, 2018)		2.18
"To evaluate total and unbound darunavir exposures following standard darunavir/ritonavir dosing and to explore the value of potential optimized darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women."( Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling.
Best, BM; Burger, DM; Capparelli, E; Colbers, A; Cressey, TR; Greupink, R; Karlsson, MO; Mirochnick, M; Moltó, J; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S; Ter Heine, R, 2019)		1.19
" The probability of therapeutic exposure (unbound) during pregnancy was higher for standard q12h dosing (99%) than for q24h dosing (94%)."( Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling.
Best, BM; Burger, DM; Capparelli, E; Colbers, A; Cressey, TR; Greupink, R; Karlsson, MO; Mirochnick, M; Moltó, J; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S; Ter Heine, R, 2019)		0.9
" The value of alternative dosing regimens seems limited."( Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling.
Best, BM; Burger, DM; Capparelli, E; Colbers, A; Cressey, TR; Greupink, R; Karlsson, MO; Mirochnick, M; Moltó, J; Russel, FGM; Schalkwijk, S; Ter Heine, R, 2019)		0.9
" With the assistance of therapeutic drug monitoring, dolutegravir dosing was increased to 150 mg daily."( Successful use of once-daily high-dose darunavir and dolutegravir in multidrug-resistant HIV.
Fulco, PP; Gomes, D; Leibrand Kaczmar, CR; Smith, T, 2020)		0.83
" Current dosage guidelines recommend using cobicistat- or ritonavir-boosted darunavir 800 mg every 24 h (q24h) in protease inhibitor-naïve patients, or ritonavir-boosted darunavir 600 mg q12h in experienced patients."( Exploration of Reduced Doses and Short-Cycle Therapy for Darunavir/Cobicistat in Patients with HIV Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.
Belkhir, L; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Stillemans, G; Vandercam, B; Vincent, A, 2021)		1.1
" DRV/r dosing was continued based on original study protocols."( The DIANA Study: Continued Access to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) and Long-Term Safety Follow-Up in HIV-1-Infected Pediatric Patients Aged 3 to < 18 Years.
Blanche, S; Chetty, P; Hufkens, V; Masenya, M; Opsomer, M; Vanveggel, S; Violari, A, 2021)		0.89
" Two Chemo-metric assisted UV-spectrophotometric methods were developed for simultaneous estimation of DRV and CBS in tablet dosage form, namely; partial least square (PLS) and Classical least square method (CLS)."( Chemo-metric assisted UV-spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of Darunavir ethanolate and Cobicistat in binary mixture and their tablet formulation.
Devi Singh, V; Kumar Singh, V, 2021)		0.85
" The article also discusses the methods for preparation of darunavir, its physical-chemical properties, analytical methods for its determination, pharmacological properties, and dosing information."( Darunavir: A comprehensive profile.
Al-Majed, AA; Alsaif, NA; Alzaid, A; Bakheit, AH; Darwish, IA; Herqash, RN, 2021)		2.31
"Standard darunavir/cobicistat dosing during pregnancy results in significantly lower exposure during pregnancy, which may increase the risk of virologic failure and perinatal transmission."( Pharmacokinetics of darunavir and cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV.
Best, BM; Burchett, S; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Denson, K; Febo, IL; George, K; Mirochnick, M; Momper, JD; Paul, ME; Rungruengthanakit, K; Scott, GB; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, A; Wang, J; Yang, DZ, 2021)		1.36
" Daily emtricitabine/TAF was dosed according to World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended weight bands: 120/15 mg in children weighing 14 to <25 kg and 200/25 mg in those weighing ≥25 kg."( First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial.
Bamford, A; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Chabala, C; Colbers, A; Denti, P; Doerholt, K; Gibb, DM; Griffiths, AL; Makumbi, S; McIlleron, HM; Monkiewicz, LN; Mulenga, V; Mumbiro, V; Musiime, V; Nangiya, J; Szubert, AJ; Waalewijn, H; Wasmann, RE; Wiesner, L, 2023)		0.91
"In children, TAF combined with boosted PIs or dolutegravir and dosed according to WHO-recommended weight bands provides TAF and tenofovir concentrations previously demonstrated to be well tolerated and effective in adults."( First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial.
Bamford, A; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Chabala, C; Colbers, A; Denti, P; Doerholt, K; Gibb, DM; Griffiths, AL; Makumbi, S; McIlleron, HM; Monkiewicz, LN; Mulenga, V; Mumbiro, V; Musiime, V; Nangiya, J; Szubert, AJ; Waalewijn, H; Wasmann, RE; Wiesner, L, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
HIV protease inhibitorAn inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
antiviral drugA substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
furofuranOrganic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.
carbamate esterAny ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives.
sulfonamideAn amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (116)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.33590.000811.382244.6684AID686978
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.19000.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.99230.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.12540.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.29290.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency7.56370.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.83700.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency22.38720.10009.191631.6228AID1346983
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.01789.637444.6684AID588834
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.78890.004611.374133.4983AID624297
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.56370.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.56370.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.56370.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.56370.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Pol PolyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00290.00000.00290.0066AID977610
Chain A, Pol PolyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00290.00000.00290.0066AID977610
Chain B, Pol PolyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00290.00000.00290.0066AID977610
Chain A, Pol PolyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00290.00000.00290.0066AID977610
Chain B, Pol PolyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00290.00000.00290.0066AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00410.00330.00410.0049AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00410.00330.00410.0049AID977610
Chain A, proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00410.00330.00410.0049AID977610
Chain B, proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00410.00330.00410.0049AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00120.00100.00120.0013AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BH5 ISOLATE)Ki0.00790.00160.00790.0170AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Ki0.00190.00020.00190.0037AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Ki0.00190.00020.00190.0037AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 2Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 2Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00020.00160.0032AID977610
Chain A, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00280.00280.00280.0028AID977608
Chain B, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00280.00280.00280.0028AID977608
Chain A, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00280.00280.00280.0028AID977608
Chain B, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00280.00280.00280.0028AID977608
Chain A, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Ki0.00010.00010.00010.0001AID977610
Chain B, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Ki0.00010.00010.00010.0001AID977610
Chain A, Pol polyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00190.00020.00190.0037AID977610
Chain B, Pol polyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00190.00020.00190.0037AID977610
Gag-Pol polyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Ki0.00130.00000.08283.3000AID1796146; AID1797105; AID1799362
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)43.04000.00022.318510.0000AID1604115; AID1604116; AID1604117; AID1604118; AID416864
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusKi518.00000.00753.00839.1100AID1805801
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Ki518.00000.00001.63079.0000AID1805801
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)183.17330.12004.048010.0000AID1207362; AID1207394
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00021.874210.0000AID416864
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00021.270410.0000AID416864
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00001.819410.0000AID416864
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)183.17330.12004.048010.0000AID1207362; AID1207394
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)107.19490.00091.901410.0000AID1207456; AID1207488; AID1207516
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1,584.89000.00032.25459.6000AID1207274
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)69.90530.00033.64849.2000AID1207302; AID1207334
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.06300.00010.22487.3200AID1657083; AID1665063; AID1687689; AID1767117; AID1891872; AID1904900
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.01780.00000.04433.1000AID1295708; AID1295710; AID160442; AID1658399; AID1669454; AID1778333; AID238198; AID260513; AID260514; AID260515; AID260516; AID260517; AID260518; AID269303; AID297695; AID297696; AID297697; AID297698; AID343015; AID343016; AID343017; AID343018; AID343019; AID343020; AID343021; AID390728; AID390729; AID390730; AID697744; AID697916; AID697917
Gag-Pol polyproteinHIV-1 M:K_96CM-MP535Ki0.00010.00000.00010.0002AID1800303
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)100.00001.40005.35009.3000AID1207422
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00140.00000.81769.8500AID1194842; AID1491222; AID1504971; AID1520035; AID1544553; AID1575211; AID668818
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00130.00000.02841.1000AID1227235; AID1241687; AID1252235; AID1295707; AID1295709; AID1295711; AID1295712; AID1295713; AID1295714; AID1295715; AID1295716; AID1295717; AID1295718; AID1295721; AID1380922; AID1409306; AID1516788; AID1516789; AID1525498; AID1589132; AID1607525; AID1669455; AID1669456; AID297694; AID311574; AID328062; AID343014; AID390725; AID390726; AID390727; AID391263; AID396262; AID415236; AID443165; AID446190; AID459072; AID537765; AID667088; AID690521; AID690522; AID697918
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Protease (Retropepsin)Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd3.20003.20003.20003.2000AID977611
Chain B, Protease (Retropepsin)Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd3.20003.20003.20003.2000AID977611
Chain A, Protease (Retropepsin)Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd3.20003.20003.20003.2000AID977611
Chain B, Protease (Retropepsin)Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd3.20003.20003.20003.2000AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00060.0013AID977611
Chain A, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain B, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain A, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain B, HIV-1 proteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain A, HIV-1 ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain B, HIV-1 ProteaseHIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2Kd0.00000.00000.00000.0001AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00080.00080.00080.0008AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00080.00080.00080.0008AID977611
Chain A, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Kd5.40005.40005.40005.4000AID977611
Chain B, ProteaseHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE)Kd5.40005.40005.40005.4000AID977611
Gag-Pol polyproteinHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (NEW YORK-5 ISOLATE)EC50 (µMol)0.00030.00020.00380.0175AID1800111
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1EC50 (µMol)0.06240.00070.69422.7300AID1350492; AID1350507
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00000.00000.61178.1500AID1307690
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1ID500.00140.00140.85491.7000AID242819
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1K0.04100.03950.30460.9600AID738152
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1K0.00000.00000.00020.0004AID738146
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (175)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stressATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modificationReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
epithelial cell maturationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of soundPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
vestibular nucleus developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule organizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to acidic pHPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to light stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein targeting to membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
gastrin-induced gastric acid secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
heart developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of soundPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic behaviorPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart ratePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
iodide transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular chloride ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulinPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
social behaviorPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
corticosterone secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear morphogenesisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intestinal absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of soundPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
auditory receptor cell developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric acid secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
stomach developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
renal sodium ion absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
non-motile cilium assemblyPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
immune system developmentVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
heart developmentVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic forelimb morphogenesisVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
camera-type eye developmentVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activityVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of muscle contractionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport into cytosolVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac conductionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channelVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contractionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion import across plasma membraneVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rateSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac conduction system developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac ventricle developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
brainstem developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
telencephalon developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
odontogenesis of dentin-containing toothSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
AV node cell to bundle of His cell communicationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein homooligomerizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (82)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoestersReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
telethonin bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 1 bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A catalytic subunit bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A regulatory subunit bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
high voltage-gated calcium channel activityVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activityVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
high voltage-gated calcium channel activityVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin bindingVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potentialVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activitySodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast growth factor bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ankyrin bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (59)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Z discPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
late endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesiclePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary basePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral part of cellPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densityVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
membraneVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
Z discVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complexVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel complexVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleolusSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
intercalated discSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Z discSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complexSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapsePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spinePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (680)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2013Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 57, Issue:10
P2' benzene carboxylic acid moiety is associated with decrease in cellular uptake: evaluation of novel nonpeptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing P2 bis-tetrahydrofuran moiety.
AID375199Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre infected in PHA-stimulated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1525498Inhibition of HIV1 protease using RE(Edans)SGIFLETSK(Dabcyl)R as substrate by fluorescence method2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21
Overview of Recent Strategic Advances in Medicinal Chemistry.
AID553575Antiviral activity against HIV1 MOKW infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID1230029Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/G containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production relative to wild type2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID1658400Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV1 NL4-3 in human TZM-bl cells infected with virus particles extracted from human SupT1 cells infected with HIV1 NL4-3 at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs assessed as inhibition of late stage viral infection by luc2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID1465007Ratio of IC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/V82A/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID649700Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/TM harboring protease L10I, K14R, R41K, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, I93L mutant infected in PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1482920Antiviral activity against indinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/L24I/M46I/I54V/L63P/A71V/G73S/V82T mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID390725Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease by uncompetitive binding2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID260516Binding affinity to HIV1 protease V82A2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID564040Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/M46I/I54V/V82A mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 5 uM of Lopinavir by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1604131Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human 12D7 cells overexpressing p-gp assessed as reduction in P24 level at 1:1 ratio of test compound to abacavir incubated for 3 days followed by followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compound 2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID1633412Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected infected in human MT2 cells assessed as reduction in intracellular RNA at 1 uM and measured after 30 hrs post infection by Alu-LTR PCR protocol based method2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Synthesis and Evaluation of Bifunctional Aminothiazoles as Antiretrovirals Targeting the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein.
AID1241687Inhibition of HIV1 protease2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1725423Antiviral activity against HIV1 DRVR P51 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID236642Maximum plasma concentration in rat after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID396255Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 40% fetal bovine serum to EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID297694Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18
Potent new antiviral compound shows similar inhibition and structural interactions with drug resistant mutants and wild type HIV-1 protease.
AID322107Antiviral activity against lopinavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID322117Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/C X4 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1207302Inhibition of fast sodium current (INa) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) K1 cells transfected with human Nav1.5 measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID519786Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 10I-17D-40D-43I-45K/R-46V-54M-64I/V-69K/R-71V/I-90M protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID673370Inhibition of Human immunodeficiency virus protease M10 mutant expressed in Escherichia coli using ArgGlu(EDANS)SerGlnAsnTyrProIleValGlnLys(DABCYL)Arg as substrate preincubated with compound for 0.5 to 1 min measured by fluorometric analysis at pH 6.52012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1904900Inhibition of HIV-1 protease using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-lle-Val-Gln-Lys (DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured by FRET assay2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID391265Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 with protease L10I, K14R, R41K, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, I93L mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24Gag protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID369951Antiviral activity against wild type HIV2 ROD infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus production after 7 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID322104Antiviral activity against idinavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1350493Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 pNL4-3 infected in CMVdeltaR8.91 transfected 293T cells after 48 hrs by lentiviral vector-based luciferase reporter gene assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12
Identification of Highly Potent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors against Lopinavir and Darunavir Resistant Viruses from Allophenylnorstatine-Based Peptidomimetics with P2 Tetrahydrofuranylglycine.
AID673373Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M9 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID537767Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 12010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID658567Resistance factor, ratio of EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 106-PR infected in HEK293T cells to wildtype HIV1 infected in HEK293T cells2012Journal of natural products, Mar-23, Volume: 75, Issue:3
Library-based discovery and characterization of daphnane diterpenes as potent and selective HIV inhibitors in Daphne gnidium.
AID649698Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/C harboring protease L10I, I15V, K20R, L24I, M36I, M46L, I54V, I62V, L63P, K70Q, V82A, and L89 mutant infected in PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID249508Effective concentration of against HIV Wild Type (IIIB) strain2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID519780Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype H expressing 10I-34E-40P-41Y-60H-63N-70T-73G-82F-89L-92E protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID237956Percentage of remaining compound after 30 min incubation in human liver microsomes was determined as metabolic stability2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID297697Inhibition of HIV1 protease V82A mutant2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18
Potent new antiviral compound shows similar inhibition and structural interactions with drug resistant mutants and wild type HIV-1 protease.
AID260513Binding affinity to HIV1 protease2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID396259Antiviral activity against HIV1 drug resistant mutant isolates from protease inhibitor treated HIV patient2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID697916Inhibition of HIV1 protease L10I, L63P, A71V, G73S, I84V, L90M mutant by FRET assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID557282Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 C harboring L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/M36I/M46L/I54V/I62V/L63P/K70Q/V82A/L89M in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID343015Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease D30N/N88D mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID396251Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% human serum to EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID1482911Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID322116Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/B X4 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID237560Area under concentration time curve value in dog after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID668809Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M1 expressing protease L10I, M46I, I64V, I84V, L90M, I93L mutant infected in human MT4 cells2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID322097Antiviral activity against HIV2 EHO in MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID236938Half-life in rat after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID391263Inhibition of HIV1 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID297698Inhibition of HIV1 protease I84V mutant2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18
Potent new antiviral compound shows similar inhibition and structural interactions with drug resistant mutants and wild type HIV-1 protease.
AID328065Inhibition of HIV1 protease dimerization in COS7 cells at 1 uM assessed as decrease in luciferase response ratio2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID1380929Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against LPV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/M46/I54V/V82A mutant infected in human MT4 cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID1778343Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate 119292021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID553578Antiviral activity against HIV1 JSL harboring L10I/L24I/L33F/E35D/M36I/N37S/M46L/I54V/R57K/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/82A in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID1380928Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against ATV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected 2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID668816Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human MT4 cells to EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID575063Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring M46I mutation in viral protease assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID519787Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 14H-40D-70K-72R/K-91T/S protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID446201Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate C to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID391272Antiviral activity against HIV1 ERS104 with protease L63P mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID564037Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10I/G48V/I54V/A71V/I84V/L90M mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 5 uM of saquinavir by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID417047Inhibition of esterase mediated-hydrolysis of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human intestinal sub cellular fraction S9 at 2 uM after 30 mins2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID668818Inhibition of Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B protease2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID1504972Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in GFP expressing human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 24 hrs in presence of 50% normal human serum2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-14, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Design and Synthesis of Piperazine Sulfonamide Cores Leading to Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID770191Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 ERS104pre infected in human PHA-PBMC cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1460920Inhibition of HIV1 protease using fluorogenic substrate by continuous fluorometric assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19
Design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating isophthalamide-derived P2-P3 ligands: Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray structural studies of inhibitor-HIV-1 protease complex.
AID369955Ratio of EC50 for HIV2 ROD with protease G17N mutation to EC50 for wild type HIV2 ROD2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID1544553Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with purine bases as P2-ligands.
AID1891874Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HEK293T cells to IC50 for inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID1241692Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 P51 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID237561Area under concentration time curve value in rat after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID459084Ratio of IC50 for multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype MM to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID1778336Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells to IC50 of antiviral activity against HIV12021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID160442Inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6
Potent HIV protease inhibitors incorporating high-affinity P2-ligands and (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere.
AID1409310Antiviral activity against amprenavir-resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID1658402Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants of virus particles extracted from human 293T cells infected with darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 incubated for 48 hrs assessed as in2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID1516792Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 VSL20 infected in human TZM-bl cells preincubated for 18 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID416853Inhibition of human MDR1-dependent accumulation of calcein-AM expressed in MDCK2 cells at 50 uM2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID416866Effect on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate metabolism in ritonavir booster drug treated healthy human assessed as change in plasma AUC of tenofovir at 300 mg, po, BID co-administered with 300 mg once daily dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID521548Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (BRU ISOLATE) after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID396250Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and 40% human serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID525493Cmin in HIV-infected patient2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Antimalarial asexual stage-specific and gametocytocidal activities of HIV protease inhibitors.
AID564046Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate TM containing L10I, K14R, R41K, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, and I93L mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1516788Inhibition of HIV1 NL4-3 protease I84V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli TAP-106 cells using EDANS/DABCYL-labelled 10-amino acid containing natural MA/CA cleavage site as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured for 62019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID564064Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 expressing protease L10I/L24I/M46I/V82I/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected after 50 passages of GRL-216 to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1665068Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-b1 cells at 100 nM infected with supernatants from virus-infected human SUPT1 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase assay relative to control2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 28, Issue:16
Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite.
AID564039Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/M46I/I50V/A71V/I84V/L90M mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 5 uM of amprenavir by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID668814Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M3 expressing protease L10I, K20R, M36I, G48V, I62V, A71V, V82A, I93L mutant to EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B expressing wild-type protease2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID613964Ratio of IC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/TM to IC50 for wild-type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ERS104pre2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID260517Binding affinity to HIV1 protease I84V2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID521547Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (ISOLATE ROD) after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID1482927Ratio of IC50 for tipranavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10I/L33I/M36I/M46I/I54V/K55R/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/V82T/L90M/I93L mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID322112Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 ERS104prc X4 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID613957Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/C harboring protease L10I, I15 V, K20R, L24I, M36I, M46L, I54V, I62 V, L63P, K70Q, V82A, L89 M mutation infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 G2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID566847Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/B infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID726412Selectivity ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/I13V/M46I/I50V/L63P/L76V protease mutant to EC50 for wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID564063Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/M46M,I/Q61Q mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 1 uM of GRL-396 by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID322114Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/MM R5 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID446196Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate G infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID564032Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells after 7 days by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID415283Antiviral activity against HIV1 bearing protease gene with P25 mutation infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
2-Pyridyl P1'-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with potential for convenient dosing and reduced side effects.
AID311576Antiviral activity against HIV1 in MT4 cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Darunavir, a conceptually new HIV-1 protease inhibitor for the treatment of drug-resistant HIV.
AID417037Effect on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate metabolism in ritonavir booster drug treated healthy human assessed as change in plasma Cmin of tenofovir at 300 mg, po, BID co-administered with 300 mg once daily dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID1516789Inhibition of HIV1 NL4-3 protease I50V/A71V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli TAP-106 cells using EDANS/DABCYL-labelled 10-amino acid containing natural MA/CA cleavage site as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured 2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID322115Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/JSL R5 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1482919Antiviral activity against saquinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10I/N37D/G48V/I54V/L63P/G73C/I84V/L90M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassa2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID697740Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 clade C isolated form HIV1 patient infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID446197Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate TM infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID566848Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/C infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID249506Effective concentration against PI-Resistant HIV strain (M4)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID697917Inhibition of HIV1 protease L10I, G48V, I54V, L63P and V82A mutant by FRET assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID738146Binding affinity to HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as dissociation constant by isothermal titration calorimetric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID269317Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 K variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1482907Ratio of IC50 for saquinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10I/N37D/G48V/I54V/L63P/G73C/I84V/L90M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1241693Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 P10 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID269304Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI isolate in human MT2 cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID322123Antiviral activity against HIV1 92TH019 R5 subtype E in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1594347Inhibition of GFP-tagged HIV1 protease transfected in HEK293 cells at 10 to 30 uM incubated for 24 hrs by FACS analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 27, Issue:9
New heteroaryl carbamates: Synthesis and biological screening in vitro and in mammalian cells of wild-type and mutant HIV-protease inhibitors.
AID391264Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID236973Time to reach maximum concentration in rat after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID1607532Selectivity ratio of IC50 for antiviral activity against lopinavir resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/V32I/M46I/I47A/A71V/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-32020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID519542Antiviral activity against HIV1 B26 infected in human MT4 cells harboring protease L33F, K45I, M46I, I50V, I54V, A71V, and V82F mutation derived from viral passages with Lopinavir assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post infectio2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID391268Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 with protease L10I, K14R, L33I, M36I, M46I, F53I, K55R, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A, L90M, I93L mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID519782Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 5L/F-14Y/H-17G/D-43T-54I/M-62V/A-70R/K-71I protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID537765Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease by FRET2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID690522Inhibition of HIV1 protease2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12
Dual inhibitors for aspartic proteases HIV-1 PR and renin: advancements in AIDS-hypertension-diabetes linkage via molecular dynamics, inhibition assays, and binding free energy calculations.
AID566846Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 ERS104 pre infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID390730Inhibition of HIV1 protease V32I mutant by competitive binding2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID375207Ratio of EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate G to EC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID459085Ratio of IC50 for multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype JSL to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID375202Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate C infected in PHA-stimulated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID673368Inhibition of Human immunodeficiency virus protease M8 mutant expressed in Escherichia coli using ArgGlu(EDANS)SerGlnAsnTyrProIleValGlnLys(DABCYL)Arg as substrate preincubated with compound for 0.5 to 1 min measured by fluorometric analysis at pH 6.52012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1520036Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV1 transfected in human 293T cells co-transfected with NL4-3 HIV1 supernatant infected in human SupT1 cells treated with compound for 48 hrs assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 10 uM after 48 hrs by 2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID369942Antiviral activity against HIV2 CBL-23 infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of virus production after 5 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID519789Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 10V/I-40D-43I-56V-70K-82F-84V-89V-90M protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T2 during compound treatment measured after 3 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID1409308Antiviral activity against Atazanavir-resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID369957Ratio of EC50 for HIV2 ROD with protease G17N/V47A mutation to EC50 for wild type HIV2 ROD2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID1207274Inhibition of long-lasting type calcium current (ICaL) in HEK293 cells (alpha1C/beta2a/alpha2delta1) cells measured using IonWorks Barracuda automated patch clamp platform
AID1665069Resistance index, ratio of antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-b1 cells infected with supernatants from virus-infected human SUPT1 cells to antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 infec2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 28, Issue:16
Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite.
AID396262Inhibition of HIV1 protease2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID369952Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD with protease G17N mutation infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus production after 7 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID537774Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for multidrug resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDRC4 to EC50 for wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 12010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID613955Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ERS104pre infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID557273Antiviral activity against HIV1 A harboring L10I/I15V/E35D/N37E/K45R/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82T/L90M/I93L/C95F in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID343024Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease A71V/V82T/I84V mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1350492Inhibition of DRV-resistant protease V32I/L33F/I54M/V82I mutant in HIV1 transfected in 293T cells after 48 hrs by lentiviral vector-based luciferase reporter gene assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12
Identification of Highly Potent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors against Lopinavir and Darunavir Resistant Viruses from Allophenylnorstatine-Based Peptidomimetics with P2 Tetrahydrofuranylglycine.
AID1520039Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants from virus-infected human TZM-bl cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID1516791Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 SLK19 infected in human TZM-bl cells preincubated for 18 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID1295709Binding affinity to HIV1 protease G48V mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1607529Antiviral activity against lopinavir resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/V32I/M46I/I47A/A71V/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag production2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID519791Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 14Y-19P-33I-61N-71I-75M-84V-90M protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID770186Ratio of EC50 for wild type HIV1 ERS104pre to EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 G harboring L10I/V11I/T12E/I15V/L19I/R41K/M46L/L63P/A71T/V82A/L90M protease-encoding region mutant2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1607525Inhibition of HIV-1 protease2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID328066Effect on dimerized HIV1 protease in COS7 cells assessed as determination of CFPA/B ratio after 5 days2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID390727Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease by competitive binding2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID390726Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease by enzyme inhibition2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID1891878Antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production pretreated for 48 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase assa2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID459072Inhibition of HIV1 protease2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID343022Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease D30N/N88D mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID519794Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 12Q-14R-17G/D-19P-61N-62I-92A protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID1604115Inhibition of P-gp in human 12D7-MDR cells using calcein-AM as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID322103Antiviral activity against ritonavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1516793Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 KY24 infected in human TZM-bl cells preincubated for 18 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID770190Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 C harboring L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/M36I/M46L/I54V/I62V/L63P/K70Q/V82A/L89M protease-encoding region mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1241690Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 P10 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1409311Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 at passage 21 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID1520040Ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants from virus-infected human TZM-bl cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human SupT12020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID673377Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M5 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1891872Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID553574Antiviral activity against HIV1 ERS104pre infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID1904905Antiviral activity against DRV resistant HIV12022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID343027Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease L10I/L24I/L33F/M46L/154V/L63P/A71V/V82A/I84V mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease expressed in Escherichia coli2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID557279Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 JSL harboring L10I/L24I/L33F/E35D/M36I/N37S/M46L/I54V/R57K/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/82A in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID1520035Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID586623Antiviral activity against 8gpNS with amino acid 116 insertion removed HIV1 infected in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 48 hrs by luciferase assay2011Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 55, Issue:3
Three residues in HIV-1 matrix contribute to protease inhibitor susceptibility and replication capacity.
AID649703Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 MDR/G harboring protease L10I, V11I, T12E, I15V, L19I, R41K, M46L, L63P, A71T, V82A, and L90M mutant to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104 harboring wild type protease2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID446205Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate JSL to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1658399Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID1295707Binding affinity to wild type HIV1 protease2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1295711Binding affinity to HIV1 protease D30N mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID519783Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 14H-60K/N-65E protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID1230027Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/B containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production relative to wild type2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID1516794Selectivity ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 SLK19 infected in human TZM-bl cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-bl cells2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID396245Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID519781Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 14H-17D-43T-68N/D protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID673374Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M10 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID343020Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease L10I/L24I/L33F/M46L/154V/L63P/A71V/V82A/I84V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID375201Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate MM infected in PHA-stimulated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID443166Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 6 days by XTT assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2
HIV-1 protease inhibitors with a transition-state mimic comprising a tertiary alcohol: improved antiviral activity in cells.
AID1482918Ratio of IC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 51 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/L33F/M36I/M46L/I54M/L63P/K70Q/V82I/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID396247Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% human serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID738153Binding affinity to HIV1 protease Q7K, L10F, I13V, I15V, D30V, V32I, L33F, E35D, M36I, S37N, I47V, I54L, Q58E, I62V, L63P, A71V, I84V, N88D, L89T, L90M mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as association constant by isothermal titratio2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID1633413Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected infected in human MT2 cells assessed as reduction in extracellular RNA at 1 uM and measured after 30 hrs post infection by Alu-LTR PCR protocol based method2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Synthesis and Evaluation of Bifunctional Aminothiazoles as Antiretrovirals Targeting the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein.
AID1904906Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate ZM2462022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID396248Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and 20% human serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID726415Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/I13V/M46I/I50V/L63P/L76V protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID1482926Ratio of IC50 for atazanavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID269310Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 ET variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1409306Inhibition of HIV1 wild type NL4-3 protease expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS using Abz-Thr-Ile-Nle-Phe-(pNO2)-Gln-Arg-NH2 as substrate preincubated for 5 to 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 1 hr by fluorescence assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID391267Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 with protease L10I, L24I, I33F, E35D, M36I, N37S, M46L, I54V, R57K, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1520034Cytotoxicity against human 293T cells measured after 24 hrs by CCK8 assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID557274Antiviral activity against HIV1 B harboring L10I/I15V/E35D/N37E/K45R/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82T/L90M/I93L/C95F in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID446199Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate JSL infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID396246Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 40% fetal bovine serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID557275Antiviral activity against HIV1 C harboring L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/M36I/M46L/I54V/I62V/L63P/K70Q/V82A/L89M in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID322108Antiviral activity against amprenavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1604117Inhibition of P-gp in human CMEC/D3 cells using calcein-AM as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID415238Antiviral activity against protease inhibitor resistant HIV1 isolates2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
Harnessing nature's insight: design of aspartyl protease inhibitors from treatment of drug-resistant HIV to Alzheimer's disease.
AID1658398Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-12020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID770188Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 TM harboring L10I/K14R/R41K/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/I93L protease-encoding region mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1607528Antiviral activity against atazanavir resistant HIV1 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag production2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID668810Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M2 expressing protease L10I, I13V, M46I, I50V, L63P, L76V mutant infected in human MT4 cells2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID1725418Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID249507Effective concentration against PI-Resistant HIV strain (M5)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID537772Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDRC42010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID322109Antiviral activity against HIV1 GRL98065p20 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1465008Inhibition of wild-type HIV-1 protease2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID459077Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype MM in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID613959Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/TM harboring protease L10I, K14R, R41K, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, I93L mutation infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein pro2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID564042Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 ERS104 containing protease L36P mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID322122Antiviral activity against HIV1 97ZA003 R5 subtype C in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID459079Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID673367Inhibition of wild type Human immunodeficiency virus protease expressed in Escherichia coli using ArgGlu(EDANS)SerGlnAsnTyrProIleValGlnLys(DABCYL)Arg as substrate preincubated with compound for 0.5 to 1 min measured by fluorometric analysis at pH 6.52012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1725420Antiviral activity against ATV-resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID668815Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID1891877Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production pretreated with viral infected SUP-T1 cells for 48 hrs followed by reinfection in TZM-bl cells by 2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID519539Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 RF infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post infection measured 5 days post infection in absence of human serum by MTT assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID1516796Selectivity ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 KY24 infected in human TZM-bl cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-bl cells2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID770185Ratio of EC50 for wild type HIV1 ERS104pre to EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 TM harboring L10I/K14R/R41K/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/I93L protease-encoding region mutant2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID770194Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells by MTT assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1482906Antiviral activity against tipranavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10I/L33I/M36I/M46I/I54V/K55R/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/V82T/L90M/I93L mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemilumi2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID658565Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 106-PR infected in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 4 days by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay2012Journal of natural products, Mar-23, Volume: 75, Issue:3
Library-based discovery and characterization of daphnane diterpenes as potent and selective HIV inhibitors in Daphne gnidium.
AID459083Ratio of IC50 for multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype TM to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID415236Inhibition of HIV1 protease2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
Harnessing nature's insight: design of aspartyl protease inhibitors from treatment of drug-resistant HIV to Alzheimer's disease.
AID1482905Antiviral activity against amprenavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/V32I/L33F/M46L/I54M/A71V mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1891879Selectivity ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID249504Effective concentration against PI-Resistant HIV strain (M2)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID1295714Binding affinity to HIV1 protease A71V mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1230025Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/C containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID328062Inhibition of HIV1 protease dimerization in MT2 cells2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID343018Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease V32I/I47A mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1520038Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants from virus-infected human TZM-bl cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
AID391269Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 with protease L10I, V11I, T12E, I15V, L19I, R41K, M46L, L63P, A71T, V82A, L90M mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID249509Effective concentration as average activity on mutant HIV panel (AVMUT)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID249505Effective concentration against PI-Resistant HIV strain (M3)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID575062Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring M46I, M46L, I54V, V82A and L76V mutations in viral protease assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID553577Antiviral activity against HIV1 MM harboring L10I/K43T/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/Q92K in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID459074Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype C in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID1207394Inhibition of slow delayed inward rectifying potassium current (Iks) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with KCNQ1 / Kv1.7 / KvLQT1 and KCNE1/minK measured using IonWorks automated patch clamp platform
AID564030Antiviral activity against HIV2 EHO infected in human MT2 cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1295717Binding affinity to HIV1 protease L90M mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID415282Antiviral activity against HIV1 bearing protease gene with B26 mutation infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
2-Pyridyl P1'-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with potential for convenient dosing and reduced side effects.
AID311575Antiviral activity against HIV1 in CEM cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Darunavir, a conceptually new HIV-1 protease inhibitor for the treatment of drug-resistant HIV.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID586624Antiviral activity against HIV1 harboring wild type 8.9NSX with mutant amino acid 116 insertion infected in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 48 hrs by luciferase assay2011Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 55, Issue:3
Three residues in HIV-1 matrix contribute to protease inhibitor susceptibility and replication capacity.
AID726419Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID1465003Inhibition of HIV-1 protease using fluorogenic substrate by fluorescence assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID1230024Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/B containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID1295718Binding affinity to HIV1 protease I50V mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID459076Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype TM in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID1207334Inhibition of fast sodium current (INa) in HEK293 cells transfected with human Nav1.5 measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID396257Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 1 mg/ml alpha1-acid glycoprotein to EC50 for HIV1 HXB22007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID1585151Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells after 7 days by MTT assay2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 160Design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating aminothiochromane and aminotetrahydronaphthalene carboxamide derivatives as the P2 ligands.
AID564044Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate C containing protease L10I, I15V, K20R, L24I, M36I, M46L, I54V, I62V, L63P, K70Q, V82A, and L89M mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1575211Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 29, Issue:3
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pentacyclic triterpenoids as P2-ligands.
AID391266Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 with protease L10I, K43T, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, Q92K mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1230026Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/G containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID697741Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 clade B isolated form HIV1 patient infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1482916Ratio of IC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 20 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/V82A/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1460921Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production incubated for 6 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19
Design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating isophthalamide-derived P2-P3 ligands: Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray structural studies of inhibitor-HIV-1 protease complex.
AID519784Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 54M-65E-71I-74N-90M protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID564041Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 5 uM of atazanavir by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID673375Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M3 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID537769Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clade B isolated from HIV-AIDS patient2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID269311Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 B variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1194842Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli incubated for 20 to 30 mins at room temperature using (Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg) substrate by FRET method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors using tertiary amine as P2-ligands.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID236641Maximum plasma concentration in dog after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID375200Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate TM infected in PHA-stimulated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1409313Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 at passage 51 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID1482909Antiviral activity against lopinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/V32I/M46I/I47A/A71V/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID459081Ratio of IC50 for multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype C to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1516790Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-bl cells preincubated for 18 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID521549Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype H expressing 10I-40P-41Y-60H-63N-70T-73G-89L-92E protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID260518Binding affinity to HIV1 protease L90M2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID1778342Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate 119282021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID443165Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli by fluorometric assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2
HIV-1 protease inhibitors with a transition-state mimic comprising a tertiary alcohol: improved antiviral activity in cells.
AID1409307Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID459080Antiviral activity against HIV12010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID697739Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDRC4 infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID343028Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease L10F/L19I/K20R/L33F/E35D/M36I/R41K/F53L/I54V/L63P/H69K/A71V/T74P/I84V/L89M/L90M/I93L mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID738152Binding affinity to HIV1 protease Q7K, L10F, I13V, I15V, D30V, V32I, L33F, E35D, M36I, S37N, I47V, I54L, Q58E, I62V, L63P, A71V, I84V, N88D, L89T, L90M mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as dissociation constant by isothermal titrati2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID1891880Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production at 100 nM pretreated for 48 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by luciferase assay re2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID697743Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1409312Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 at passage 30 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID586622Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 harboring HIV1 harboring wild type 8.9NSX with gag RF79F and T81A mutant to EC50 for wild type HIV12011Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 55, Issue:3
Three residues in HIV-1 matrix contribute to protease inhibitor susceptibility and replication capacity.
AID1380927Antiviral activity against APV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/M46I/I50V/I85V mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID738147Binding affinity to HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as association constant by isothermal titration calorimetric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID297696Inhibition of HIV1 protease I50V mutant2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18
Potent new antiviral compound shows similar inhibition and structural interactions with drug resistant mutants and wild type HIV-1 protease.
AID263208Antiviral activity against HIV1 EP13 in MT4 cells2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Ultra-potent P1 modified arylsulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors: the discovery of GW0385.
AID726414Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/K20R/M36I/G48V/ I62V/A71V/V82A/I93L protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID668813Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M2 expressing protease L10I, I13V, M46I, I50V, L63P, L76V mutant to EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B expressing wild-type protease2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID564060Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10I/L24I/M46I/V82I/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected after 50 passages of GRL-216 by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID557278Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 MM harboring L10I/K43T/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/Q92K in protease encoding region infected to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID564043Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate B containing protease L10I, K14R, L33I, M36I,M46I, F53I, K55R, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A, L90M, and I93L mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID391270Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1/C with protease mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID446193Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID537773Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for multidrug resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring protease M46I, I54V, V82A and L90M mutant to EC50 for wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 12010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID1778335Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK8 assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID726418Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication in presence of 50% human plasma2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID105016Compound was tested for the inhibition of HIV-1 in MT-4 human T-lymphoid cells infected with IIIB isolate1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6
Potent HIV protease inhibitors incorporating high-affinity P2-ligands and (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere.
AID369954Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD with protease G17N/V47A mutation infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus production after 7 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID446194Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate B infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1380923Antiviral activity against HIV-1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID566849Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/G infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID519793Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 12T-14Y-19P-40N-41D-61N-62I-96S-99L protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID396253Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 30% human serum to EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID557283Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 G harboring L10I/V11I/T12E/I15V/L19I/R41K/M46L/L63P/A71T/V82A/L90M in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID446198Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate MM infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID396260Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-32007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID697742Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 clade A isolated form HIV1 patient infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1607527Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID1295721Binding affinity to HIV1 protease I54V mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID553576Antiviral activity against HIV1 TM harboring L10I/K14R/R41K/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/I93L in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID564029Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID375205Ratio of EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate MM to EC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519795Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 41D protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID459075Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype G in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID1778334Antiviral activity against HIV12021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID1904904Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-32022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID1380930Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against APV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/M46I/I50V/I85V mutant infected in human MT4 cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID1465006Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10I/I15/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/V82A/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID375204Ratio of EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate TM to EC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID519541Antiviral activity against HIV1 A17 infected in human MT4 cells harboring protease L10F, V32I, M46I, I47V, Q58E, and I84V mutation derived from viral passages with Lopinavir assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post infection meas2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID564047Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate MM containing L10I, K43T, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, and Q92K mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID738149Inhibition of transferrin receptor-fused wild type HIV1 protease autoprocessing expressed in Escherichia coli at 0.5 to 8 uM by SDS-PAGE analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID1241691Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 P20 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1207422Inhibition of transient outward potassium current (Ito) current in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) K1 cells expressing human Kv4.3 measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID238198Inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 protease2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10
Structure-based design: synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel cycloamide-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID269313Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 G variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID668808Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B expressing wild-type protease infected in human MT4 cells2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID557276Antiviral activity against HIV1 G harboring L10I/V11I/T12E/I15V/L19I/R41K/M46L/L63P/A71T/V82A/L90M in protease encoding region infected in human PHA-PBC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID1627021Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by p24 assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Probing Lipophilic Adamantyl Group as the P1-Ligand for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Protein X-ray Structural Studies, and Biological Evaluation.
AID1594350Inhibition of GFP-tagged HIV1 protease transfected in HEK293 cells at 30 uM incubated for 24 hrs by fluorescence microscopy2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 27, Issue:9
New heteroaryl carbamates: Synthesis and biological screening in vitro and in mammalian cells of wild-type and mutant HIV-protease inhibitors.
AID649702Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 MDR/C harboring protease L10I, I15V, K20R, L24I, M36I, M46L, I54V, I62V, L63P, K70Q, V82A, and L89 mutant to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104 harboring wild type protease2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID537768Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clade A isolated from HIV-AIDS patient2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID1482922Ratio of IC50 for amprenavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/V32I/L33F/M46L/I54M/A71V mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1295712Binding affinity to HIV1 protease V82A mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1604130Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human 12D7 cells overexpressing p-gp assessed as reduction in P24 level at 0.08 to 1.25 uM incubated for 3 days followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compound and measured after 3 days by ELISA2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID322101Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 in MT4 cells by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID322102Antiviral activity against saquinavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID269303Inhibition of HIV1 protease2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID369946Ratio of EC50 for HIV2 CDC310319 infected in human PBMC to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID1725422Antiviral activity against HIV1 DRVR P30 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID738151Inhibition of transferrin receptor-fused HIV1 protease Q7K, L10F, I13V, I15V, D30V, V32I, L33F, E35D, M36I, S37N, I47V, I54L, Q58E, I62V, L63P, A71V, I84V, N88D, L89T, L90M mutant autoprocessing expressed in Escherichia coli at 100 to 150 uM by SDS-PAGE a2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID1627022Antiviral activity against multi-drug resistant HIV1B harboring protease L10I/L33I/M36I/M46I/F53L/K55R/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/V82A/L90M/I93L mutant infected in human MT4 cells by p24 assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Probing Lipophilic Adamantyl Group as the P1-Ligand for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Protein X-ray Structural Studies, and Biological Evaluation.
AID566851Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/MM infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID613954Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID1227241Binding affinity to HIV1 protease PR20 mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as ligand dissociation constant by ITC method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 58, Issue:12
Substituted Bis-THF Protease Inhibitors with Improved Potency against Highly Resistant Mature HIV-1 Protease PR20.
AID1687689Inhibition of recombinant HIV1 protease measured assessed as hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrate by FRET assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 186Rational design and Structure-Activity relationship of coumarin derivatives effective on HIV-1 protease and partially on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID519792Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 14Y-19P-61N-64V-71I-90M-95I protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T2 during compound treatment measured after 3 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID369953Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD with protease V47A mutation infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus production after 7 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID1482924Ratio of IC50 for indinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/L24I/M46I/I54V/L63P/A71V/G73S/V82T mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1295713Binding affinity to HIV1 protease N88D mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID322099Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1589133Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production incubated for 6 days and measured on day 7 by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 29, Issue:18
Potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating squaramide-derived P2 ligands: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
AID369943Antiviral activity against HIV2 CDC310319 isolate infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of virus production after 5 days by Lenti-RT activity assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID613963Ratio of IC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/G to IC50 for wild-type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ERS104pre2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID375206Ratio of EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate C to EC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1252236Antiviral activity against HIV-1 LAI infected in MT-2 cells measured after 7 days by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing isophthalamide-derived P2-ligands.
AID537771Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring protease M46I, I54V, V82A and L90M mutant2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID415247Antiviral activity against HIV1 bearing protease gene with A17 mutation infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
2-Pyridyl P1'-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with potential for convenient dosing and reduced side effects.
AID525278Antimicrobial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 after 48 hrs2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Antimalarial asexual stage-specific and gametocytocidal activities of HIV protease inhibitors.
AID575060Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations and protease L76V mutation in viral protease assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID564045Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate G containing L10I, V11I, T12E, I15V, L19I,R41K, M46L, L63P, A71T, V82A, and L90M mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1669456Inhibition of HIV1 NL4-3 protease I50V/A71V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli TAP-106 cells using EDANS/DABCYL-labelled 10-amino acid containing protease cleavage site as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured for 62020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15
Structural Analysis of Potent Hybrid HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bis-tetrahydrofuran in a Pseudosymmetric Dipeptide Isostere.
AID525494Cmax in HIV-infected patient2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Antimalarial asexual stage-specific and gametocytocidal activities of HIV protease inhibitors.
AID322120Antiviral activity against HIV1 92UG037 subtype A R5 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1725421Antiviral activity against DRV resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID415237Antiviral activity against HIV1 assessed as inhibition of viral replication2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
Harnessing nature's insight: design of aspartyl protease inhibitors from treatment of drug-resistant HIV to Alzheimer's disease.
AID557281Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 B harboring L10I/I15V/E35D/N37E/K45R/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82T/L90M/I93L/C95F in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID343017Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease A71V/V82T/I84V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID673378Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M6 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID649699Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/G harboring protease L10I, V11I, T12E, I15V, L19I, R41K, M46L, L63P, A71T, V82A, and L90M mutant infected in PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1295710Binding affinity to HIV1 protease L63P mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1482917Ratio of IC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 30 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/K70R/V82A/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1207456Inhibition of rapid delayed inward rectifying potassium current (IKr) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells stably expressing hERG measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID1380925Antiviral activity against ATV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID1604116Inhibition of P-gp in human 12D7-MDR cells using NBD-Aba as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID1252235Inhibition of HIV-1 protease by fluorometric assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing isophthalamide-derived P2-ligands.
AID649697Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/B harboring protease L10I, K14R, L33I, M36I, M46I, F53I, K55R, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A, L90M, I93L mutant infected in PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1465009Antiviral activity against HIV-1 harboring protease I50V mutant2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID1230028Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR/C containing protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production relative to wild type2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID1687688Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 assessed as inhibitory effect on virus producing cells at 10 uM by cell based inhibition assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 186Rational design and Structure-Activity relationship of coumarin derivatives effective on HIV-1 protease and partially on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID263209Antiviral activity against HIV D545701 in MT4 cells2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Ultra-potent P1 modified arylsulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors: the discovery of GW0385.
AID328064Inhibition of HIV1 protease dimerization in COS7 cells at 0.1 uM assessed as decrease in luciferase response ratio2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID519543Antiviral activity against HIV1 P25 infected in human MT4 cells harboring protease L10F, G16E, V32I, M46I, I47A, H69Y, I84V, and T91S mutation derived from viral passages with Lopinavir assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post in2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID564062Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/M46L/I50V/A71Vmutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 1 uM of GRL-286 by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID249503Effective concentration against PI-Resistant HIV strain (M1)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID1778341Antiviral activity against DRV resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication by measuring reduction in p24 Gag production by chemiluminescent-EIA2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID390728Inhibition of HIV1 protease V32I mutant by uncompetitive binding2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID1778344Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate 119412021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID343014Inhibition of wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1482912Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 20 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/V82A/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemil2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID770187Ratio of EC50 for wild type HIV1 ERS104pre to EC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 C harboring L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/M36I/M46L/I54V/I62V/L63P/K70Q/V82A/L89M protease-encoding region mutant2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID322119Antiviral activity against HIV1 92UG029 X4 subtype A in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID343026Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease L10I/I15V/E35D/N37S/R41K/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/L90M mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1704275Half life in human liver microsomes2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204Novel HIV-1 capsid-targeting small molecules of the PF74 binding site.
AID417027Effect on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate metabolism in ritonavir booster drug treated healthy human assessed as change in plasma Cmax of tenofovir at 300 mg, po, BID co-administered with 300 mg once daily dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID564031Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT2 cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1658404Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants of virus particles extracted from human 293T cells infected with darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-32020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID328063Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI in MT2 cells2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID446191Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1658403Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped wild type HIV1 NL4-3 in human SupT1 cells infected with supernatants of virus particles extracted from human 293T cells infected with wild type HIV1 NL4-3 incubated for 48 hrs assessed as inhibition of late sta2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants.
AID1778345Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate-plndie2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID322105Antiviral activity against nelfinavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID390729Inhibition of HIV1 protease V32I mutant by enzyme inhibition2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20
Solution kinetics measurements suggest HIV-1 protease has two binding sites for darunavir and amprenavir.
AID1767120Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of early stage viral production at 10 uM measured after 48 hrs by luciferase assay relative to control2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase.
AID1669457Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-bl cells infected with supernatants from virus-infected human 293T cells treated with compound for 18 hrs assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15
Structural Analysis of Potent Hybrid HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bis-tetrahydrofuran in a Pseudosymmetric Dipeptide Isostere.
AID1665063Inhibition of HIV-1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition by FRET based assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 28, Issue:16
Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite.
AID1604118Inhibition of P-gp in human CMEC/D3 cells using NBD-Aba as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID343025Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease V32I/I47A mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1482925Ratio of IC50 for nelfinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/K20T/D30N/K45I/A71V/V77I mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1767118Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 Env-deficient VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production when host cells were infected with compound pretreated viral particles at 10 uM measured after2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase.
AID322111Antiviral activity against HIV1 GRL98065p40 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID415245Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 pNL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8
2-Pyridyl P1'-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with potential for convenient dosing and reduced side effects.
AID1607530Antiviral activity against darunavir resistant HIV1 harboring protease P30 L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/ M46L/L63P/K70Q/V82A/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag production2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID613956Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtype B harboring protease L10I, L33I, M36I, M46I, F53L, K55R, I62 V, L63P, A71 V, G73S, V82A, L90M, I93L mutation infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID1904899Selectivity index, ratio EC50 for Antiviral activity against DRV resistant HIV1 over EC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4-32022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID1461872Inhibition of recombinant HIV-1 GFP-tagged protease expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in GFP-tagged protease accumulation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro and in mammalian cells of new heteroaryl carboxyamides as HIV-protease inhibitors.
AID668817Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B expressing wild-type protease infected in human MT4 cells in presence of 50% human serum2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID343016Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease M46I/A71V/V82T/I84V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID1665067Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped darunavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 V32I, L33F,I54M and I84V mutant infected in human SUPT1 cells at 100 nM infected with supernatants from virus-infected human 293T cells after 48 hrs by luciferase assay relative t2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 28, Issue:16
Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite.
AID446204Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate MM to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID519785Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 10I-17D-40D-43I-46V-66V/A-70R/K protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID237955Percentage of remaining compound after 30 min incubation in rat liver microsomes was determined as metabolic stability2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID564033Selectivity ratio of CC50 for human MT2 cells to EC50 for HIV1 LAI infected human MT2 cells2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID459078Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype JSL in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID1350508Ratio of EC50 for DRV-resistant protease V32I/L33F/I54M/V82I mutant in HIV1 transfected in 293T cells to EC50 for wild-type HIV-1 pNL4-3 infected in CMVdeltaR8.91 transfected 293T cells2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12
Identification of Highly Potent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors against Lopinavir and Darunavir Resistant Viruses from Allophenylnorstatine-Based Peptidomimetics with P2 Tetrahydrofuranylglycine.
AID269315Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 EV variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID269312Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 C variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID322118Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/G X4 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1295715Binding affinity to HIV1 protease G73S mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID396261Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 drug resistant mutant isolates from protease inhibitor treated HIV patient to EC50 for drug sensitive HIV1 NL4-32007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID1380926Antiviral activity against LPV resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10F/M46/I54V/V82A mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID322110Antiviral activity against HIV1 GRL98065p30 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1627023Antiviral activity against multi-drug resistant HIV1C harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/M36I/M46L/I54V/I62V/L63P/K70Q/V82A/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells by p24 assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Probing Lipophilic Adamantyl Group as the P1-Ligand for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Protein X-ray Structural Studies, and Biological Evaluation.
AID519579Antiviral activity against HIV1 clone4 infected in HEK293 cells harboring A-790742-selected protease L33F, A71V, G73S, V77I, V82L, and I84V mutation assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to wild type HIV1 pN2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID1380922Inhibition of wild type HIV-1 NL4-3 protease expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)pLysS using Ac-Thr-Ile-Nle-Nle-Gln-Arg-NH2 as substrate by fluorescence assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID566850Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/TM infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID613958Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/G harboring protease L10I, V11I, T12E, I15 V, L19I, R41K, M46L, L63P, A71T, V82A, L90 M mutation infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag prot2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID673372Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M8 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID519577Antiviral activity against HIV1 clone2 infected in HEK293 cells harboring A-790742-selected protease V82L mutation assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to wild type HIV1 pNL4-32008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID446195Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate C infected in PHA-stimulated human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein production2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1350507Inhibition of DRV-resistant protease V32I/L33F/I54M/I84V mutant in HIV1 transfected in 293T cells after 48 hrs by lentiviral vector-based luciferase reporter gene assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12
Identification of Highly Potent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors against Lopinavir and Darunavir Resistant Viruses from Allophenylnorstatine-Based Peptidomimetics with P2 Tetrahydrofuranylglycine.
AID446190Inhibition of HIV1 protease2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID564038Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/D30N/K45I/A71V/T74S mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 5 uM of nelfinavir by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1669454Inhibition of HIV1 NL4-3 protease expressed in Escherichia coli TAP-106 cells using EDANS/DABCYL-labelled 10-amino acid containing protease cleavage site as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured for 60 mins by FRET as2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15
Structural Analysis of Potent Hybrid HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bis-tetrahydrofuran in a Pseudosymmetric Dipeptide Isostere.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID311574Inhibition of HIV1 protease2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Darunavir, a conceptually new HIV-1 protease inhibitor for the treatment of drug-resistant HIV.
AID1607526Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID1491222Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-GlnAsn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 10 mins by FRET method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 137Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with (S)-tetrahydrofuran-tertiary amine-acetamide as P2-ligand: Structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID519576Antiviral activity against HIV1 clone1 infected in HEK293 cells harboring A-790742-selected protease I84V mutation assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to wild type HIV1 pNL4-32008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID238117Binding affinity against HIV-1 protease2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors active on multidrug-resistant virus.
AID649696Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 ERS104 infected in PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID391271Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1/A with protease mutation in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24G protein production2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Flexible cyclic ethers/polyethers as novel P2-ligands for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID322098Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD in MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID673369Inhibition of Human immunodeficiency virus protease M9 mutant expressed in Escherichia coli using ArgGlu(EDANS)SerGlnAsnTyrProIleValGlnLys(DABCYL)Arg as substrate preincubated with compound for 0.5 to 1 min measured by fluorometric analysis at pH 6.52012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1241694Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 P20 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1607533Selectivity ratio of IC50 for antiviral activity against darunavir resistant HIV1 P30 harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/ M46L/L63P/K70Q/V82A/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID649701Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 MDR/B harboring protease L10I, K14R, L33I, M36I, M46I, F53I, K55R, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A, L90M, I93L mutant to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104 harboring wild type protease2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1778346Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for DRV resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID575061Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring M46I, M46L, I54V, and V82A mutations in viral protease assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID1350509Ratio of EC50 for DRV-resistant protease V32I/L33F/I54M/I84V mutant in HIV1 transfected in 293T cells to EC50 for wild-type HIV-1 pNL4-3 infected in CMVdeltaR8.91 transfected 293T cells2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12
Identification of Highly Potent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors against Lopinavir and Darunavir Resistant Viruses from Allophenylnorstatine-Based Peptidomimetics with P2 Tetrahydrofuranylglycine.
AID322121Antiviral activity against HIV1 BaL R5 subtype B in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1230023Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 ERS104P infected in human MT4 cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13
Structure-based design of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with modified P1-biphenyl ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme-inhibitor X-ray structural studies.
AID566852Antiviral activity against HIV-1 MDR/JSL infected in human PHA-PBM cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation.
AID1295708Binding affinity to HIV1 protease L10I mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1657083Inhibition of HIV1 protease by FRET assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with morpholine derivatives as P2 ligands in combination with cyclopropyl as P1' ligand.
AID564048Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate JSL containing L10I, L24I, I33F, E35D, M36I, N37S, M46L, I54V, R57K, I62V, L63P, A71V, G73S, and V82A mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID1904908Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 Env-deficient VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production at 100 nM measured after 48 hrs by luciferase assay relative to control2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID1482915Antiviral activity against nelfinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/K20T/D30N/K45I/A71V/V77I mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1904901Cytotoxicity against human HEK-293T cells after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID322106Antiviral activity against atazanavir-resistant HIV1 in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID690523Antiviral activity against HIV12012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12
Dual inhibitors for aspartic proteases HIV-1 PR and renin: advancements in AIDS-hypertension-diabetes linkage via molecular dynamics, inhibition assays, and binding free energy calculations.
AID1465004Anti-viral activity against HIV-1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID396256Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 40 mg/ml HSA to EC50 for HIV1 HXB22007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID396254Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 40% human serum to EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID519580Antiviral activity against HIV1 clone5 infected in HEK293 cells harboring A-790742-selected protease L63P, A71V, and V82G mutation assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to wild type HIV1 RF2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID1207362Inhibition of slow delayed inward rectifying potassium current (Iks) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing hKvLQT1/hminK measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID1767121Ratio of antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 Env-deficient VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production when host cells were infected with compound pretreated viral particles to antiviral a2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase.
AID1482921Antiviral activity against atazanavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID668811Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M3 expressing protease L10I, K20R, M36I, G48V, I62V, A71V, V82A, I93L mutant infected in human MT4 cells2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID459082Ratio of IC50 for multi drug-resistant HIV1 isolate of subtype G to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel allophenylnorstatine-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating high affinity P2-ligands.
AID322100Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for MT2 cells to EC50 for HIV1 LAI2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1778339Antiviral activity against HIV1 Env-deficient VSV-G pseudotyped virus infected in human SUP-T1 cells infected with supernatant of compound treated virus-producing 293T cells assessed as inhibition of late stage viral production at 100 nM treated for 48 hr2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID1380924Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-24, Volume: 61, Issue:10
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems as Novel P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies, Biological and X-ray Structural Analysis.
AID673376Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M4 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID738143Selectivity ratio of dissociation constant K for HIV1 protease Q7K, L10F, I13V, I15V, D30V, V32I, L33F, E35D, M36I, S37N, I47V, I54L, Q58E, I62V, L63P, A71V, I84V, N88D, L89T, L90M mutant to dissociation constant K for HIV1 wild type protease2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Extreme multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations is resistant to novel protease inhibitors with P1'-pyrrolidinone or P2-tris-tetrahydrofuran.
AID613962Ratio of IC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/C to IC50 for wild-type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ERS104pre2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID1627024Antiviral activity against darunavir resistant HIV1 harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/A71T/V82A/L89M mutant at 20 passages infected in human MT4 cells by p24 assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Probing Lipophilic Adamantyl Group as the P1-Ligand for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Protein X-ray Structural Studies, and Biological Evaluation.
AID1241688Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human MT2 cells2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1461874Inhibition of recombinant HIV-1 GFP-tagged protease expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in GFP-tagged protease accumulation at 10 uM after 24 hrs by flow cytometric analysis2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro and in mammalian cells of new heteroaryl carboxyamides as HIV-protease inhibitors.
AID263207Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in MT4 cells2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Ultra-potent P1 modified arylsulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors: the discovery of GW0385.
AID1482913Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 30 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/M36I/M46L/L63P/K70R/V82A/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID1241695Resistance index, ratio of EC50 for darunavir-resistant HIV1 P51 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID1307690Binding affinity to HIV1 protease2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-12, Volume: 59, Issue:9
OpenGrowth: An Automated and Rational Algorithm for Finding New Protein Ligands.
AID519537Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 pNL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post infection measured 5 days post infection in absence of human serum by MTT assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID1409309Antiviral activity against lopinavir-resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production after 7 days by automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID726411Selectivity ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/K20R/M36I/G48V/ I62V/A71V/V82A/I93L protease mutant to EC50 for wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID1891873Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by CCK8 assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 64A kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing phenols with antiviral activity against DRV-resistant variants.
AID369956Ratio of EC50 for HIV2 ROD with protease V47A mutation to EC50 for wild type HIV2 ROD2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID328067Inhibition of HIV1 protease dimerization in MT2 cells at 1 uM2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-28, Volume: 282, Issue:39
Potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel non-peptidyl small molecule inhibitors of protease dimerization.
AID1669455Inhibition of HIV1 NL4-3 protease I84V mutant expressed in Escherichia coli TAP-106 cells using EDANS/DABCYL-labelled 10-amino acid containing protease cleavage site as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured for 60 min2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-13, Volume: 63, Issue:15
Structural Analysis of Potent Hybrid HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bis-tetrahydrofuran in a Pseudosymmetric Dipeptide Isostere.
AID1207550Inhibition of long-lasting type calcium current (hICa) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing hCav1.2 measured using IonWorks Quattro automated patch clamp platform
AID1207516Inhibition of rapid delayed inward rectifying potassium current (IKr) measured using manual patch clamp assay
AID557280Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 A harboring L10I/I15V/E35D/N37E/K45R/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82T/L90M/I93L/C95F in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID557277Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 TM harboring L10I/K14R/R41K/M46L/I54V/L63P/A71V/V82A/L90M/I93L in protease encoding region to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104pre2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
GRL-02031, a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) containing a stereochemically defined fused cyclopentanyltetrahydrofuran potent against multi-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID369941Antiviral activity against HIV2 MS infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID269316Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 ES variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID519788Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype A clinical isolate expressing 10I-40D-43I-70K-82F-84V-85L-89V-90M-91T/L-98N/K protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained at T1 during compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID1778333Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID396252Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 20% human serum to EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID564061Antiviral activity against HIV1 expressing protease L10F/M46I/T91S mutant infected in human MT4 cells selected at 1 uM of GRL-246 by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID564036Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by MTT assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8
Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro.
AID726417Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID343021Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease L10F/L19I/K20R/L33F/E35D/M36I/R41K/F53L/I54V/L63P/H69K/A71V/T74P/I84V/L89M/L90M/I93L mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID396238Antiviral activity against HIV1 BaL in human PBMC assessed as blockade of reverse transcriptase activity2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID726416Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/M46I/I64V/I84V/L90M/I93L protease mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID343023Ratio of Ki for HIV1 recombinant protease M46I/A71V/V82T/I84V mutant to Ki for wild-type HIV1 BH10 protease2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1461873Inhibition of recombinant HIV-1 GFP-tagged protease expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in GFP-tagged protease accumulation after 24 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro and in mammalian cells of new heteroaryl carboxyamides as HIV-protease inhibitors.
AID396249Antiviral activity against HIV1 HXB2 in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced viral cytopathic effect in presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and 30% human serum by MTS assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID260514Binding affinity to HIV1 protease D30N2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID297695Inhibition of HIV1 protease D30N mutant2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18
Potent new antiviral compound shows similar inhibition and structural interactions with drug resistant mutants and wild type HIV-1 protease.
AID770189Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 G harboring L10I/V11I/T12E/I15V/L19I/R41K/M46L/L63P/A71T/V82A/L90M protease-encoding region mutant infected in human PHA-PBMC cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein production.2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID537770Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clade C isolated from HIV-AIDS patient2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID1207488Inhibition of rapid delayed inward rectifying potassium current (IKr) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stable expressing hERG measured using IonWorks Barracuda automated patch clamp platform
AID711511Inhibition of HIV protease2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7
Macrocycles are great cycles: applications, opportunities, and challenges of synthetic macrocycles in drug discovery.
AID1725419Antiviral activity against LPV-resistant HIV1 infected in human MT4 cells incubated for 7 days by fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities.
AID667088Inhibition of HIV1 protease2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Potent antiviral HIV-1 protease inhibitor GRL-02031 adapts to the structures of drug resistant mutants with its P1'-pyrrolidinone ring.
AID396258Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 HXB2 in presence of 40 mg/ml HSA and 1 mg/ml alpha1-acid glycoprotein to EC50 for HIV1 HXB22007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro antiviral activity of the novel, tyrosyl-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 protease inhibitor brecanavir (GW640385) in combination with other antiretrovirals and against a panel of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV.
AID1516795Selectivity ratio of EC50 for antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 VSL20 infected in human TZM-bl cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human TZM-bl cells2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Stereochemically Defined P2' Ligands To Optimize Hydrogen Bonding in the Substrate Envelope.
AID1589132Inhibition of HIV1 protease using Ac-Thr-Ile-Nle-Nle-Gln-Arg-NH2 substrate by continuous fluorometric assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 29, Issue:18
Potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating squaramide-derived P2 ligands: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
AID1904902Selectivity index, ratio IC50 for cytotoxicity against human HEK-293T cells over IC50 for inhibition of HIV-1 protease2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID416864Inhibition of human MDR1-dependent accumulation of calcein-AM expressed in MDCK2 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vitro.
AID1504971Inhibition of HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-(beta-naphtyl)Ala-Pro-Ile-Val as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 1 hr by mass spectrometric method2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-14, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Design and Synthesis of Piperazine Sulfonamide Cores Leading to Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID1241689Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells by XTT assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 58, Issue:17
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Amino-bis-tetrahydrofuran Derivatives as P2-Ligands to Enhance Backbone-Binding Interactions: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein-Ligand X-ray Studies.
AID673371Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing wild type protease infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID519790Antiviral activity against HIV 2 subtype B clinical isolate expressing 14Y-61N-99L protease gene sequence from HIV2 infected patient plasma and PBMC obtained before compound treatment measured after 13 months2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors.
AID237954Percentage of remaining compound after 30 min incubation in dog liver microsomes was determined as metabolic stability2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID242819Inhibitory dose against human immunodeficiency virus 1 protease2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10
Structure-based design: synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel cycloamide-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID322113Antiviral activity against HIV1 MDR/TM X4 in phytohemagglutininin-activated PBMCs assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID690521Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease using Lys-Ala-Arg-Val-Nle-Nph-Glu-Ala-Nle-NH2 as substrate by spectrophotometric analysis2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12
Dual inhibitors for aspartic proteases HIV-1 PR and renin: advancements in AIDS-hypertension-diabetes linkage via molecular dynamics, inhibition assays, and binding free energy calculations.
AID322096Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI in MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of p24 Gag protein expression by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
A novel bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane-containing nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, is potent against multiple-PI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
AID1482914Antiviral activity against darunavir-resistant HIV1 derived from 51 passages harboring protease L10I/I15V/K20R/L24I/V32I/L33F/M36I/M46L/I54M/L63P/K70Q/V82I/I84V/L89M mutant infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production af2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID260515Binding affinity to HIV1 protease I50V2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID236972Time to reach maximum concentration in dog after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID575064Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring M46I and L76V mutations in viral protease assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID673379Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 expressing protease M7 mutant infected in human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15
Enamino-oxindole HIV protease inhibitors.
AID1295716Binding affinity to HIV1 protease I84V mutant2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7
Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID369838Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID1465005Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in p24 Gag protein production2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands.
AID1607531Selectivity ratio of IC50 for antiviral activity against atazanavir resitant HIV1 harboring protease L23I/E34Q/K43I/M46I/I50L/G51A/L63P/A71V/V82A/T91A mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 NL4-32020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-14, Volume: 63, Issue:9
Structure-Based Design of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing New Tricyclic Ring P2-Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and X-ray Structural Studies.
AID236937Half-life in dog after 80 mg/kg oral administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
AID343019Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant protease L10I/I15V/E35D/N37S/R41K/I62V/L63P/A71V/G73S/L90M mutant expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometric assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 51, Issue:15
Inorganic polyhedral metallacarborane inhibitors of HIV protease: a new approach to overcoming antiviral resistance.
AID726413Selectivity ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B clinical isolate harboring L10I/M46I/I64V/I84V/L90M/I93L protease mutant to EC50 for wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application.
AID1767117Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli using Arg-Glu (EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 10 mins by FRET assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase.
AID668812Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 isolate M1 expressing protease L10I, M46I, I64V, I84V, L90M, I93L mutant to EC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B expressing wild-type protease2011ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-09, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Disubstituted Bis-THF Moieties as New P2 Ligands in Nonpeptidal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
AID697738Antiviral activity against multidrug resistant HIV1 MDR1 containing protease M46I, I54V, V82A and L90M mutant infected in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter based assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID369945Ratio of EC50 for HIV2 CBL-23 infected in human PBMC to EC50 for HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir.
AID375203Antiviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate G infected in PHA-stimulated PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 gap protein2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrrolidinones and oxazolidinones as novel P1'-ligands to enhance backbone-binding interactions with protease: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray studies.
AID1227235Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 58, Issue:12
Substituted Bis-THF Protease Inhibitors with Improved Potency against Highly Resistant Mature HIV-1 Protease PR20.
AID519540Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 pNL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity after 5 days post dose by MTT assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID697744Inhibition of HIV1 protease I50V, A71V mutant by FRET assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID269314Antiviral activity against multi drug-resistant HIV1 TM variant in human PHA-PBMC cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID446203Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate TM to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1482923Ratio of IC50 for lopinavir-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring protease L10F/V32I/M46I/I47A/A71V/I84V mutant infected in human MT4 cells to IC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human MT4 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID697918Inhibition of wild type HIV1 protease by FRET assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID519578Antiviral activity against HIV1 clone3 infected in HEK293 cells harboring A-790742-selected protease L33F, K45I, V82L, and I84V mutation assessed as reduction in viral replication by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to wild type HIV1 pNL4-32008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID537766Inhibition of multidrug resistant HIV1 protease L101I, L36P, A71V, G73S, I84V, L90M mutant by FRET2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
AID1778340Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication by measuring reduction in p24 Gag production by chemiluminescent-EIA2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants.
AID519538Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 pNL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral cytopathogenicity treated 1 hr post infection measured 5 days post infection in presence of 50% human serum by MTT assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, A-790742.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID613961Ratio of IC50 for Human immunodeficiency virus 1 MDR/B to IC50 for wild-type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ERS104pre2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with C3-substituted hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl urethanes as P2-ligands: synthesis, biological evaluation, and protein-ligand X-ray crystal structure.
AID446200Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate B to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID649704Ratio of EC50 for HIV1 MDR/TM harboring protease L10I, K14R, R41K, M46L, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A, L90M, I93L mutant to EC50 for HIV1 ERS104 harboring wild type protease2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Substituent effects on P2-cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl urethanes: design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID575059Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harboring protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations assessed as fold change in drug susceptibility relative to wild type2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
AID1904907Antiviral activity against HIV1 subtype C isolate Indie2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of protease inhibitors containing morpholine cores with remarkable potency against both HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
AID1482910Antiviral activity against HIV1 Lai infected in human MT2 cells2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10
Design and Development of Highly Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with a Crown-Like Oxotricyclic Core as the P2-Ligand To Combat Multidrug-Resistant HIV Variants.
AID446202Selectivity ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant HIV1 isolate G to IC50 for wild type HIV1 isolate ERS104pre2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1347127qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347126qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347113qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347116qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347128qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2012Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, Mar, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Critical differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease specificity for clinical inhibitors.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1796146Protease Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm050943c: \\Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.\\2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID1800111Drug Susceptibility Assay from Article 10.1021/cb400468c: \\Testing the substrate-envelope hypothesis with designed pairs of compounds.\\2013ACS chemical biology, Nov-15, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Testing the substrate-envelope hypothesis with designed pairs of compounds.
AID1797105Protease Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm060561m: \\Structure-Based Design of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors To Combat Drug Resistance.\\2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 49, Issue:17
Structure-based design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID1805801Various Assay from Article 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00409: \\Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.\\2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23
Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.
AID1800303HIV-1 protease inhibition assay from Article 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.07.014: \\Substrate envelope-designed potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors to avoid drug resistance.\\2013Chemistry & biology, Sep-19, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Substrate envelope-designed potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors to avoid drug resistance.
AID1799362Enzyme Inhibition Assay (Ki) and Antiviral Activity Assay (EC50/IC50) from Article 10.1021/jm900695w: \\Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease in2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel macrocyclic human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2004Journal of molecular biology, Apr-23, Volume: 338, Issue:2
High resolution crystal structures of HIV-1 protease with a potent non-peptide inhibitor (UIC-94017) active against multi-drug-resistant clinical strains.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2004Journal of molecular biology, Apr-23, Volume: 338, Issue:2
High resolution crystal structures of HIV-1 protease with a potent non-peptide inhibitor (UIC-94017) active against multi-drug-resistant clinical strains.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2006Journal of molecular biology, Oct-13, Volume: 363, Issue:1
Ultra-high resolution crystal structure of HIV-1 protease mutant reveals two binding sites for clinical inhibitor TMC114.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2006Journal of molecular biology, Oct-13, Volume: 363, Issue:1
Ultra-high resolution crystal structure of HIV-1 protease mutant reveals two binding sites for clinical inhibitor TMC114.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2014The FEBS journal, Apr, Volume: 281, Issue:7
Thermodynamic and structural analysis of HIV protease resistance to darunavir - analysis of heavily mutated patient-derived HIV-1 proteases.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008Journal of molecular biology, Aug-01, Volume: 381, Issue:1
Effect of flap mutations on structure of HIV-1 protease and inhibition by saquinavir and darunavir.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2012Biochemistry, Feb-07, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Terminal interface conformations modulate dimer stability prior to amino terminal autoprocessing of HIV-1 protease.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-23, Volume: 49, Issue:4
Effectiveness of nonpeptide clinical inhibitor TMC-114 on HIV-1 protease with highly drug resistant mutations D30N, I50V, and L90M.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008The Journal of biological chemistry, May-09, Volume: 283, Issue:19
Effect of the active site D25N mutation on the structure, stability, and ligand binding of the mature HIV-1 protease.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2011Biochemistry, May-31, Volume: 50, Issue:21
The L76V drug resistance mutation decreases the dimer stability and rate of autoprocessing of HIV-1 protease by reducing internal hydrophobic contacts.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2010Journal of virology, Oct, Volume: 84, Issue:19
The effect of clade-specific sequence polymorphisms on HIV-1 protease activity and inhibitor resistance pathways.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2009Journal of virology, Sep, Volume: 83, Issue:17
Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus resistant to the protease inhibitor darunavir.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2012Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 56, Issue:8
Mutations in HIV-1 gag and pol compensate for the loss of viral fitness caused by a highly mutated protease.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2012ACS chemical biology, Sep-21, Volume: 7, Issue:9
Extreme entropy-enthalpy compensation in a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1 protease.
AID1745855NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID977608Experimentally measured binding affinity data (IC50) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2011Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Sep-09, Volume: 412, Issue:4
The higher barrier of darunavir and tipranavir resistance for HIV-1 protease.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (1,074)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (0.09)18.2507
2000's216 (20.11)29.6817
2010's656 (61.08)24.3611
2020's201 (18.72)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 67.19

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index67.19 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.22 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.91 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index113.74 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (67.19)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials224 (19.51%)5.53%
Reviews116 (10.10%)6.00%
Case Studies86 (7.49%)4.05%
Observational34 (2.96%)0.25%
Other688 (59.93%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (185)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Single-dose, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Pivotal Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Participants to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir 675 mg in the Presence of 150 mg Cobicistat When Administered as a Fixed Dose Combination (Darunavir/Cobicistat [NCT04718805]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-26Completed
Plasma and Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Once Daily Darunavir/Ritonavir and Twice and Once Daily Raltegravir in HIV-infected Subjects [NCT01047995]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
[NCT01274780]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Phase III Multicenter Randomized Trial Evaluating in Patients at the Time of the Primary HIV-1 Infection, the Impact on the Viral Reservoir of a Combination Including Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and Dolutegravir or Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and Darunavir/Cobici [NCT02987530]Phase 3101 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-11Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial Of Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir Versus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir + Darunavir/Ritonavir For The Treatment Of Antiretroviral-Naive Hiv-Infected Patients With Ccr5-Tropic Hiv-1 [NCT01345630]Phase 3813 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Terminated(stopped due to See termination reason in detailed description.)
A Randomised, Open Label, Prospective Study to Assess Two Different Therapeutic Strategies Following First Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT01118871]Phase 43 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Terminated
Continued Access to DRV/Rtv in HIV-1 Infected Children and Adolescents (Rollover Patients From C212, C228, C230) [NCT01138605]Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-13Completed
Clinical Evaluation of Adjusted Doses of Darunavir/Ritonavir With Rifampicin in HIV-infected Volunteers [NCT03892161]Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-12Terminated(stopped due to Risks to participation)
Switching From Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) to Darunavir (Prezista) and Raltegravir to Evaluate Renal Function [NCT01294761]59 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
A Phase 4, Single-arm, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Once Daily Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) Regimen in Antiretroviral Treatment-experienced Human Immunodeficie [NCT04388904]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-01Active, not recruiting
Immune Reconstitution in Severely Immunosuppressed Antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-Infected Patients (<100 CD4+ T Cells/μL) Taking Antiretroviral Regimens Based on Dolutegravir or Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir (the Advanz-4 Trial). [NCT02337322]Phase 4104 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Active, not recruiting
Post Authorization Non-interventional Study in HIV1-Infected Patients Starting or Already in Treatment With Darunavir [NCT01375881]31 participants (Actual)Observational2009-06-30Completed
Dolutegravir, Darunavir/Ritonavir and Optimized NRTI Recycling as a Third-line Antiretroviral Regimen in Cambodia [NCT03602690]Phase 254 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-04Recruiting
Open-Label, Single-Sequence Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of BMS-663068 With Darunavir/Ritonavir and/or Etravirine in Healthy Subjects [NCT02063360]Phase 142 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-01Completed
Pilot Study of the Effect of a Non-tenofovir, Non-efavirenz-based HIV Regimen on Bone Density and Vitamin D Levels in African-American Patients With HIV Infection [NCT01343225]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-05-31Not yet recruiting
Body Composition Sub-study of the D2EFT Trial [NCT03675815]Phase 4155 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-12-05Active, not recruiting
A Phase IV 48 Week, Open Label, Pilot Study of Darunavir Boosted by Cobicistat in Combination With Rilpivirine to Treat HIV+ Naïve Subjects (PREZENT) [NCT02404233]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-31Not yet recruiting
Multicenter, Open, Pilot Clinical Trial Aimed to Compare the Efficacy of RAL1200 QD vs DRV-cb 800-150 QD Both in Combination With TAF/FTC in Patients With HIV Infection and CD4 Count Under 200 Cells/microL [NCT03842488]Phase 475 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-04-30Not yet recruiting
A Phase I, Open-label, Randomized, 2-panel, 2-way Crossover Pivotal Bioequivalence Trial Between the Commercially Available 400-mg Tablet Formulation (F030) and the 800-mg Tablet Formulation of Darunavir (G002), in the Presence of Low-dose Ritonavir Under [NCT01308658]Phase 1128 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Continued Access to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/Rtv) in HIV-1 Infected Adults, Adolescents and Children Aged 3 Years and Above [NCT01281813]Phase 3145 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-08Completed
Changes in Insulin Resistance in Healthy Volunteers on STRIBILD® Medication - A Controlled, Mono Center, Three-arm, Randomized Phase I Study. [NCT02203461]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Phase I, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Subjects Receiving DRV Combined With RTV Low Dose to Compare the Oral Bioavailability of DRV Suspension to That of DRV 300 mg Tablet Under Fasted and Fed Conditions, and to Assess Multiple Dose [NCT00752310]Phase 123 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Intensive Pharmacokinetic Studies of Antiretroviral Drug Combinations in Children [NCT00260078]Phase 1/Phase 275 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Completed
Optimization of Darunavir Therapy Through Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling, Simulations and Dosage Guidelines [NCT03101644]Phase 4127 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-23Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir/Cobicistat vs. Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the Management of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia in Qatar [NCT04425382]400 participants (Actual)Observational2020-03-01Completed
A Prosp., Multic., Randomized, Open-label Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Dual Therapy With Boosted Darunavir + Dolutegravir When Switching From SOC ART in HIV-patients With Sustained Virological Suppr. [NCT02486133]Phase 3269 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Controlled, Partially Blinded Trial to Investigate Dose-response of TMC114/RTV in 3-class-experienced HIV-1 Infected Subjects, Followed by an Open-label Period on the Recommended Dose of TMC114/RTV. [NCT00650832]Phase 2334 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Open-label Safety Study of TMC114 in Combination With Low Dose RTV and Other ARVs in Highly Experienced HIV-1 Infected Patients With Limited or no Treatment Options. [NCT00115050]Phase 3260 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Phase IIIB/IV Randomised Open-label Trial Comparing Dolutegravir With Pharmaco-enhanced Darunavir Versus Dolutegravir With Predetermined Nucleosides Versus Recommended Standard of Care ART Regimens in Patients With HIV-1 Infection Failing First Line The [NCT03017872]Phase 4831 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-23Active, not recruiting
HIV Infection and Gut Mucosal Immune Function: Longitudinal Analyses of Intestinal CD4+ and Th17 T Cells in HIV-infected Individuals on Short-term Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT02097381]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Active, not recruiting
Implementation and Evaluation of an HIV-2 Viral Load and ARV Resistance Informed Algorithm for 2nd-line ART in HIV-2 Infected Patients in the Initiative Sénégalaise d'Accès Aux Antirétroviraux (ISAARV) Program [NCT03394196]152 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-04Terminated(stopped due to COVID-19 and Funding)
Phase I, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Increasing Single Oral Doses of TMC558445 With and Without Food, and Increasing Repeated Oral Doses in Combination With a Single [NCT00838760]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Drug-drug Interactions Between Antiretroviral Drugs and Cardiovascular Drugs in Elderly Patients From the Swiss HIV Cohort Study [NCT03515772]21 participants (Actual)Observational2018-04-23Completed
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiretroviral and Related Drugs During Pregnancy and Postpartum [NCT00042289]1,578 participants (Actual)Observational2003-06-09Completed
Switch to Darunavir/r + Maraviroc QD in Patients With R5 Tropism by Viral DNA Genotyping With Suppressed Viremia (GUSTA): a Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01367210]Phase 4165 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Because a higher rate of virological failures in study versus control arm.)
A Randomized Prospective Open Label Study of Switching to Raltegravir Based ART Compared to Maintaining Ritonavir Boosted PI-based ART on Liver Fibrosis Progression in HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients [NCT01231685]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-31Completed
Post-prandial Lipid Effects of Raltegravir (RAL) vs Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir (DRV-r) in Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive Adults or Adults Recommencing ART. [NCT01258439]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Effect of Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir Boosting on the Brain Permeation of Darunavir in HIV-infected Individuals [NCT02503462]Phase 47 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Terminated(stopped due to No additional patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria)
A Phase 1, 2-Panel, Fixed-Sequence, Open-Label Single-Center Study to Assess the Effect of Single and Multiple Doses of Darunavir in Combination With Cobicistat or Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of Single Dose Dabigatran Etexilate in Healthy Subjects [NCT04208061]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-12-18Completed
A Randomised, Open Label Switch Study Comparing Darunavir/Ritonavir 400mg/100mg Daily With Lopinavir/Ritonavir 800mg/200mg Daily, in HIV-positive Participants [NCT02671383]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
A Study Investigating Plasma Abacavir and Its Intracellular Anabolite Carbovir-triphosphate Pharmacokinetics in the Absence and in the Presence of Darunavir/Ritonavir or Raltegravir in HIV-infected Subjects. [NCT00765271]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir and Cobicistat for Treatment of COVID-19 [NCT04252274]Phase 330 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-01-30Recruiting
Interaction of Buprenorphine With HIV Medications and Tuberculosis Medications [NCT00877591]Phase 163 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Tenofovir DF/Emtricitabine With Darunavir in Treatment-experienced Patients: Quality Control Monitoring of a Treatment Simplification Strategy [NCT02199613]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
Evaluation of the Capacity of a Weekly Strategy of 4 Consecutive Days on Treatment Followed by 3 Days Off Treatment, in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Undetectable Viral Load for at Least 12 Months, to Maintain a Virological Success With This Intermittent M [NCT02157311]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Phase II Trial Assessing the Efficacy of a Reduced Dose Strategy of Darunavir to 400 mg/d in HIV-1 Infected Patients Virologically Suppressed Under a Once Daily Regimen Including Darunavir 800 mg/d and Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI [NCT02384967]Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
An Open Label Trial of TMC114/Rtv in HIV-1 Infected Subjects Who Were Randomized in the Trials TMC114-C201, TMC114-C207 or in Sponsor Selected Phase I Trials [NCT02187107]Phase 252 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Phase I, Drug-drug Interaction Study in Healthy Volunteers to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of VM-1500 When Administered Orally, in Combination With Raltegravir or Darunavir [NCT02489487]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
A Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy of Vorinostat/Hydroxychloroquine/Maraviroc (VHM) in Controlling HIV After Treatment Interruption in Subjects Who Initiated ART During Acute HIV Infection [NCT02475915]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
A Single-dose, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Study to Assess the Impact of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide Administered as a Fixed-dose Combination Tablet, and the Relative Bioavailabilit [NCT02475135]Phase 172 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-01Completed
Effect of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide on the Circulatory microRNA Profile in Treatment naïve HIV Patients, and Its Correlation With Change in Body Weight [NCT05463783]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-14Recruiting
Effects of Steady State Tipranavir/Ritonavir or Darunavir/Ritonavir or Ritonavir on Platelet Function, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects [NCT02251795]Phase 152 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
An Open Label Randomized Clinical Trial, to Evaluate the Treatment With Darunavir/Ritonavir + Lamivudine Once Daily Versus Continuing With Darunavir/Ritonavir Once Daily + Tenofovir/Emtricitabine or Abacavir/Lamivudine in HIV Infected Subject With Suppres [NCT02159599]Phase 4249 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Randomised, Controlled, Open-label Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of a Treatment Simplification by Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100 mg O.D. vs a Triple Combination Therapy With DRV/r in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Undetectabl [NCT00458302]Phase 3256 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
Phase I, Open-label, Randomized, 3-way Crossover Trial to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir (DRV) Given Once-daily With Different Doses of Ritonavir in Healthy Subjects. [NCT00744887]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
IMPAACT P1058A: Intensive Pharmacokinetic Studies of New Classes of Antiretroviral Drug Combinations in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults [NCT00977756]168 participants (Actual)Observational2002-08-31Completed
Randomised and Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy Versus Darunavir/Ritonavir Monotherapies as Simplification Switching Strategies of PI/NNRTI-Triple Therapy Based-Regimens [NCT00994344]Phase 473 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Phase I, 2-panel, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Subjects to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between TMC435 and CYP3A Inhibitors, Erythromycin and Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) [NCT01323257]Phase 149 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Drug Interaction Study Between Inhaled Beclomethasone and Protease Inhibitors in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00936793]Phase 153 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-06Completed
An Open-label Phase II Pilot Study of Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV-1 Without Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [NCT02738502]Phase 291 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-06Completed
Clinical Pilot, Open, Comparative and Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Security of Darunavir/Ritonavir 900/100 mg Once a Day as an Antiretroviral Treatment Simplification Strategy [NCT00611039]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Multicentric, Non-inferiority, Randomized, Non-blinded Phase 3 Trial Comparing Virological Response at 48 Weeks of 3 Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens in HIV-1-infected Patients With Treatment Failure After 1st Line Antiretroviral Therapy (Cameroon, Burki [NCT00928187]Phase 3454 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Open Label, Controlled Study of Boosted Darunavir and Lamivudine Versus Boosted Darunavir and Emtricitabine/Tenofovir or Lamivudine/Tenofovir in Naïve HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT02770508]Phase 4145 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
The Effects of Darunavir Plus Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rosuvastatin [NCT00885495]Phase 1/Phase 217 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Impact of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir and Darunavir Boosted With Cobicistat in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02771249]Phase 137 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-03Completed
A Phase IIa Open-label, Randomized Trial to Determine the Antiviral Activity in 60 HIV Positive Subjects With Multiple PI Resistant Strains, Receiving Either Control Treatment or a Daily Dose of 800, 1600, 2400 or 3600 mg TMC114 (Darunavir) for 13 Days Fo [NCT00964327]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Implication for Strategies of Long Term Control of Viral Replication in Patient With Primary HIV Infection (PHI) Treated With Multitarget Antiviral Therapy (MT-ART) [NCT04225325]Phase 4112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-07Recruiting
Open Label Phase 3b, 48 wk Pilot Study of the Antiviral Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination of PREZISTA/r and TMC125 When Substituted for Enfuvirtide, Current Protease Inhibitor(s) and NNRTI(s) in Antiretroviral Resistant Patients With Viral Suppress [NCT00460746]Phase 310 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
GRACE: An Open-label, Multicenter Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of PREZISTA (Darunavir)/Ritonavir by Gender and Race, When Administered in Combination With an Individually Optimized Background Regimen Over a 48-week Treatment Per [NCT00381303]Phase 3429 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Pilot Study Of Novel Combination Of Maraviroc + Atazanavir/Ritonavir vs. Atazanavir/Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir For The Treatment Of Naïve HIV-Infected Patients With R5 HIV-1 [NCT00827112]Phase 2129 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Phase IV, Two-arm, Open-label, Single-centre Randomised Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility of Immediate or Deferred Switching of HIV-infected Individuals Intolerant of Efavirenz, Ritonavir-boosted Lopinavir or Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir [NCT00765154]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Difficulties in recruitment due to a change in the nature of practice.)
A Double-Blind (3rd Party Open), Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Dose Escalating Study To Evaluate The Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of Single Oral Doses Of PF-03716539, To Assess The Potential Of PF-03716539 To Inhibit CYP3A4 (In Vivo) And To [NCT00783484]Phase 137 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
A Phase I Study to Evaluate the Effect of Darunavir/Ritonavir and Lopinavir/Ritonavir on GSK2248761 Pharmacokinetics and to Assess the Effect of GSK2248761 on CYP450 Probe Drugs in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT00920088]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Pilot Efficacy and Safety Trial of Raltegravir Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir for Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Subjects [NCT00830804]Phase 2113 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Single Arm, Open Label Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir and Ritonavir, Darunavir and Cobicistat, Etravirine, and Rilpivirine in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women [NCT00855335]Phase 377 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-09Completed
Steady-state Pharmacokinetics of Atazanavir/Cobicistat and Darunavir/Cobicistat Once Daily Over 72 Hours in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02589158]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
A Multicenter, Single Arm, Open-Label Study of the Once Daily Combination of Etravirine and Darunavir/Ritonavir As Dual Therapy in Early Treatment-Experienced Patients [NCT01199939]Phase 254 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
A Phase I, Open-label, Randomized, 2-way Crossover Trial in 40 Healthy Subjects to Investigate the Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Telaprevir and Darunavir/Ritonavir and Between Telaprevir and Fosamprenavir/Ritonavir at Steady-state. [NCT00775125]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir 800 mg, Emtricitabine 200 mg, and Tenofovir Alafenamide 10 mg, in the Presence of Cobicistat 150 mg, Administered as Either a Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet or [NCT02578550]Phase 1126 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
Non-comparative, Opened Study, Evaluating in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Undetectable Viral Load, Treated by an Antiretroviral Combination Including a Protease Inhibitor Boosted With Ritonavir and Administered by Oral Route Twice a Day, the Substitutabil [NCT00849160]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
Clinical Trial to Evaluate Drug-drug Interactions Between Darunavir/Cobicistat and Etravirine in Hiv- Infected Patients [NCT02818348]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
A Phase I, Open Label, Randomized, Three Period, One-way, Two Cohort, Adaptive Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effect of Darunavir/Ritonavir Plus Etravirine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Etravirine on GSK1349572 Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adult Subjects ( [NCT00867152]Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
"Crossover, Open-label, Randomized, Single-dose, Bioequivalence Study of GP30101 Film-coated Tablets (LLC GEROPHARM, Russia) 800 mg Versus Prezista® (Jonson&Jonson, Russia) Film-coated Tablets 800 mg in Healthy Volunteers Under Fed Conditions" [NCT04268472]44 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-06Completed
A Phase II, Open Label Trial, to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of DRV in Combination With Low-Dose Ritonavir (DRV/Rtv) in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Children From 3 Years to Below 6 Years of Age [NCT00919854]Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
The Optimized Treatment That Includes or Omits NRTIs Trial: A Randomized Strategy Study for HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Experienced Subjects Using the cPSS to Select an Effective Regimen [NCT00537394]Phase 3517 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Study to Assess the Metabolics, Efficacy, and Safety of Once-daily Darunavir Versus Atazanavir in HIV-infected Treatment-naive Adult Patients [NCT00757783]Phase 468 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
The ARDENT Study: Atazanavir, Raltegravir, or Darunavir With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir for Naive Treatment [NCT00811954]Phase 31,814 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Profile and Safety of TMC125 Plus Tenofovir DF/Emtricitabine All Dosed Once Daily With and Without Darunavir (PREZISTA™)/ Ritonavir Once Daily in Antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT00534352]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of DRV/Rtv (800mg/100mg) q.d Versus DRV/Rtv (600mg/100mg) b.i.d in Early Treatment-experienced HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT00524368]Phase 3590 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Multicenter, International, Prospective, Phase III, Randomized, Superiority Trial Comparing Two Maintenance Strategies With Mono or Bi-therapy of Protease Inhibitors With or Without Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed HIV Patients on Second Line Antire [NCT01905059]Phase 3265 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
"Systematic Adherence Intervention Phase Before Switching to 3rd-line ART in Patients With 2nd-line ART Virologic Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa : a Phase 2b Non-randomized Study." [NCT02025868]Phase 2201 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Active, not recruiting
Dual Therapy With Raltegravir 400 mg BID and Darunavir/Ritonavir 800/100 mg QD in HIV Infected Patients Failing to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Based Regimens [NCT01258374]15 participants (Actual)Observational2010-05-31Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir/Ritonavir Once Daily and Atazanavir/Ritonavir Once Daily Over 72 Hours Following Drug Intake Cessation [NCT01073761]Phase 125 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
Optimisation of Primary HIV1 Infection Treatment (ANRS 147 OPTIPRIM) [NCT01033760]Phase 390 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
Nucleosides And Darunavir/Dolutegravir In Africa (NADIA): a Randomised Controlled Trial of Darunavir Versus Dolutegravir and Tenofovir Versus Zidovudine in Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for the Public Health Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa [NCT03988452]Phase 3465 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-30Active, not recruiting
A Phase 4, Single Arm, Open Label, Pilot Study of Maraviroc (Celsentri) in Combination With Raltegravir and Darunavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of Triple Class Failure in Adult HIV-1 Infected Patients. [NCT01013987]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-02-28Recruiting
An Open-label Randomised Two-year Trial Comparing Two First-line Regimens in HIV-infected Antiretroviral naïve Subjects: Darunavir/r + Tenofovir/Emtricitabine vs. Darunavir/r + Raltegravir (ANRS 143/NEAT 001) [NCT01066962]Phase 3800 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Phase I, Partially Randomized, Open Label, Two-way, Two Period Cross-over Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Etravirine or Darunavir/Rtv and Artemether/Lumefantrine at Steady-state in Healthy HIV-negative Subjects [NCT01876966]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
A Prospective, Open-label Trial of Two Abacavir/Lamivudine Based Regimen (ABC/3TC + Darunavir/Ritonavir or ABC/3TC + Raltegravir) in Late Presenter naïve Patients (With CD4 Count <200 Cells/µL - Advanced HIV Disease) [NCT01900106]Phase 347 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
A Phase IV, Prospective, Multicenter , Randomized Open Label, 48 Weeks Study to Evaluate the Antiretroviral Efficacy and Safety of Atazanavir or Darunavir,Each in Combination With a Fixed Dose of Tenofovir Emtricitabine in HIV-1-infected Treatment-naïve S [NCT01928407]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-23Completed
Early Access of TMC114 in Combination With Low-dose Ritonavir (TMC/r)) and Other Antiretrovirals (ARVs) in Highly Treatment Experienced HIV-1 Infected Patients With Limited to no Treatment Options. [NCT00245739]0 participants Expanded AccessApproved for marketing
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of TMC114/RTV Versus LPV/RTV in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Patients [NCT00110877]Phase 3604 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Open-Label, Single-Sequence, Two-Cohort Study to Evaluate the Effect of Darunavir/Cobicistat and Cobicistat on BMS-626529 in Healthy Subjects [NCT02277600]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-05Completed
A Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic Study to Assess the Steady State Pharmacokinetic Profile and Short Term Safety of Maraviroc Dosed With Darunavir/Ritonavir All Once Daily, With and Without Nucleoside Analogues, in HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT01348763]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Phase IV, Open Label Study in Healthy Male Subjects to Investigate the Extent of Darunavir/Ritonavir and Etravirine Exposure in Blood, Seminal Fluid, and Rectal Mucosal Tissue Following Single and Multiple Dosing of Darunavir/Ritonavir and Etravirine [NCT00855088]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Open-labelled, Multi-centre Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Ritonavir-boosted Aptivus (Tipranavir, TPV/r) to That of Prezista® (Darunavir, DRV/r) in Three-class (NRTI, NNRTI, and PI) Treatment-experienced Patients Wit [NCT00517192]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Terminated
Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Skeletal Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir (ATV/r), Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r), or Raltegravir (RAL): Metabolic Subs [NCT00851799]334 participants (Actual)Observational2009-06-30Completed
Multicenter, National, Prospective, Open Label, Randomized, Pilot, Proof-of-concept Study on the Use of Rilpivirine Plus Darunavir/Cobicistat as Substitutive Agents in Virologic Suppressed Patients [NCT04064632]Phase 41,609 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-01Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Raltegravir/Darunavir Combination in Antiretroviral-Naive Patients [NCT00677300]Phase 485 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
The Impact of Co-infections on Inflammation in Patients Commencing Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy. A Sub-study of D²EFT (Dolutegravir and Darunavir Evaluation in Adults Failing Therapy) [NCT04183738]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-02-01Withdrawn(stopped due to In the context of COVID-19 pandemic.)
A Phase II Randomized, Controlled, Partially Blinded Trial to Investigate Dose Response of TMC114/RTV in 3-class-experienced HIV-1 Infected Patients, Followed by an Open-label Period on the Recommended Dose of TMC114/RTV. [NCT00071097]Phase 2330 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Maraviroc Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir Study for Treatment-Naïve Patients Infected With R5-tropic HIV-1 Based on Enhanced Sensitivity Trofile [NCT00993148]Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Phase I, Open-label, 3-way Crossover Trial in Healthy Male Volunteers to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of TMC114 and TMC41629 After a Single Oral Dose of 2 Controlled-release Coformulations as Compared to an Immediate-release Coformulation of TMC114/TMC41 [NCT00854204]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Randomized, Replicate Crossover Pivotal Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Subjects to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir 675 mg, Emtricitabine 200 mg, and Tenofovir Alafenamide 10 mg in the Presence of Cobicistat 150 mg When A [NCT04236453]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-23Terminated(stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic impacted the BE assessment of the trial. The clinical team decided to terminate the trial in order to start a new pivotal BE trial)
A Single-dose, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Pivotal Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Participants to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir 600 mg in the Presence of Cobicistat 90 mg When Administered as a Fixed Dose Combination Tablet (Darunavir/Cobi [NCT05378906]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-06-07Completed
A Phase II, Open Label Trial in Treatment na�ve, HIV 1 Infected Subjects Who Will Receive TMC114/Rtv as a Monotherapy [NCT00513513]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment.)
Phase IV Cohort Study Assessing Feasibility of Substituting Double Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitors With Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir in HIV-infected Individuals With Viral Suppression on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. [NCT00531557]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Characterization of Acute and Recent HIV-1 Infections in Zurich: a Long-term Observational Study [NCT00537966]2,017 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-01-31Recruiting
Phase IV, Open Label, Randomized, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Reversibility of Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir CNS-Related Neurotoxicity After Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine/Darunavir/Cobicistat [NCT03685500]Phase 478 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-04Completed
Monotherapy in Africa: Evaluation of New Therapy [NCT02155101]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Study to Assess the Acceptability of the Darunavir/Cobicistat (DRV/COBI) Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) Tablet in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Infected Children Aged >=3 Years and Weighing >=15 kg to <25 kg [NCT05197075]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-08-03Completed
A Phase II, Open-label Trial, to Investigate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of TMC114/Rtv b.i.d in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Children and Adolescents [NCT00355524]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Substituting Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) for Dual-boosted Protease Inhibitors in Individuals With Virologic Suppression for at Least 12 Weeks [NCT00543101]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Open-Label, Single-Sequence Study to Evaluate the Effects of Darunavir/Ritonavir and/or Etravirine on the Pharmacokinetics of GSK3640254 and the Effects of GSK3640254 on the Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir/Ritonavir and/or Etravirine in Heathy Adults [NCT04630002]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-28Completed
DRIVESHAFT: Phase IV Randomized, Open-Label Study in HIV-1 Virologically-suppressed Patients On Regimens With Darunavir 600mg/Ritonavir 100mg Twice-daily Switching to Darunavir 800mg/Ritonavir 100mg Once-daily Vs. Continuing Twice-daily Darunavir/Ritonavi [NCT01423812]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Contribution of the Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Persons Living With HIV [NCT04340388]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-17Completed
Prospective Clinical Trial to Assess Safety and Efficacy of DRV/r(TMC 114/r), ETV(TMC 125) and MK-0518 in Addition to OBT in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Limited to No Treatment Options ANRS 139 TRIO [NCT00460382]Phase 2103 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Potential Drug-Drug Interaction Between Darunavir and Danoprevir When Administered Together With Low-Dose Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01519336]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
Ex Vivo Study of Immune-Reconstitution Kinetics in HIV-infected ARV-naive Subjects, With Advanced Disease, Starting a Darunavir/Ritonavir or Efavirenz Based HAART (IMMUNO Study) [NCT01541085]33 participants (Actual)Observational2011-12-31Completed
A Phase 3 Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Active Comparator-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Doravirine (MK-1439) 100 mg Once Daily Versus Darunavir 800 mg Once Daily Plus Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily, Each in Combina [NCT02275780]Phase 3769 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-01Completed
An Open Label Trial of TMC114/RTV in HIV-1 Infected, Treatment-experienced Subjects. [NCT00081588]Phase 2555 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/GS-7340 Single Tablet Regimen Versus Cobicistat-boosted Darunavir Plus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed Dose Combination in HIV-1 [NCT01565850]Phase 2153 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Phase II, Randomized Trial of Open-Label Truvada With Darunavir/Ritonavir Versus Multiclass Therapy With Truvada, Darunavir/Ritonavir, Maraviroc and Raltegravir in Acutely HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects [NCT00525733]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Etonogestrel Implant in HIV-infected Women on Darunavir Versus Ripilvirine-based Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT03589040]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-25Recruiting
A Single-dose, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Study to Assess the Relative Bioavailability of the Fixed-dose Combination Tablet Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Administered Orally as a Whole Tablet, as a Split Table [NCT02984852]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Completed
A Randomized Multicenter Study With Non-inferiority Hypothesis, Comparing the Availability to Maintain a Complete Viral Suppression by a Monotherapy of Darunavir/r to a NRTI Containing Regimen Including Darunavir/r, in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Previou [NCT00421551]Phase 3225 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
CID 0821 - Pilot Study to Evaluate HIV Viremia and Persistence in Acutely HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Naïve Patients Treated With Darunavir/Ritonavir and Etravirine [NCT00855413]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Study halted by sponsor due to slow enrollment.)
A Phase II, Open-Label Trial, to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of Drv/Rtv Once Daily in Treatment-Naive HIV-1 Infected Adolescents Aged Between 12 and < 18 Years [NCT00915655]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiretroviral and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs During Pregnancy and Postpartum [NCT04518228]325 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-06-08Recruiting
Phase III Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Trial to Investigate the Antiviral Activity, Tolerability and Safety of TMC114/r in Treatment- Naive HIV-1 Infected Patients. [NCT00258557]Phase 3692 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Cross-sectional Study for the Characterisation of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Protease Inhibitors and Non-nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the Spanish Population of HIV-infected Subjects [NCT00307502]Phase 1675 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Single-Dose, Open-Label, 3-Panel, Randomized, Pivotal Crossover Study to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir When Co-Administrated With Cobicistat as Either a Fixed Dose Combination Tablet (G006) or as Single Agents Under Fed and Fasted Conditions in [NCT01619527]Phase 1133 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
Maraviroc Switch Central Nervous System (CNS) Substudy: a Substudy of MARCH, a Randomised, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Maraviroc (MVC) as a Switch for Either Nucleoside or Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (N [NCT01637233]28 participants (Actual)Observational2012-06-30Completed
Maraviroc Switch Collaborative Study Renal Substudy [NCT01637259]Phase 476 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Early Access to TMC114 in Combination With Low-dose Ritonavir (TMC114/r) and Other Antiretrovirals (ARVs) for Treatment-naive or TMC114-naive, Early Treatment Experienced in HIV-1 Infected Patients [NCT01702090]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
A Phase IV, Open-label Single-arm Study Investigating the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Antiretroviral Combination of Rilpivirine and Ritonavirboosted Darunavir in Therapy-naive HIV-1 Infected Patients. [NCT01736761]Phase 436 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Regulatory Post Marketing Surveillance of Prezista 400mg Tablet [NCT01741831]225 participants (Actual)Observational2012-07-31Completed
An Open-Label Phase 3B Study in HIV-Infected Individuals With Viremia on or After Their First-Line Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor or Integrase Inhibitor-Based Regimen and Starting a Second-Line Regimen Consisting of ATV/RTV or DRV/RTV With [NCT01605084]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Withdrawn
Strategic Study of Dual-therapy With Darunavir/Ritonavir and Rilpivirine QD Versus Triple-therapy in Patients With Suppressed Viral Load: Virological Efficacy and Evaluation of Non-HIV Related Morbidity. [NCT01792570]Phase 337 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Oral Single-Dose JNS011 Tablet in Combination With Low-Dose Ritonavir Capsule in Healthy Japanese Adult Males [NCT01810887]Phase 48 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Body Compartment Pharmacokinetics of Anti-retroviral Agents That May be Used for Future HIV Post-exposure Prophylaxis Regimens. [NCT03472963]Phase 135 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-27Completed
A Phase 1, Open-label, Parallel-group Study To Assess The Effect Of Cyp3a5 Genotype On The Pharmacokinetics Of Maraviroc And Cyp3a5-derived Metabolites With And Without Darunavir/Cobicistat In African-american And Caucasian Healthy Volunteers [NCT02625207]Phase 147 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-06Completed
A Phase IIIb, Randomized, Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of GSK1349572 (Dolutegravir, DTG) 50 mg Once Daily Compared to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) 800 mg/100 mg Once Daily Each Administered With Fixed-dose Dual Nucleoside Reverse Transcripta [NCT01449929]Phase 3488 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Phase 2b, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Exploratory Randomized Trial to Determine the Bone, Immunologic, Virologic, and Neurocognitive Effects of a Novel Maraviroc-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen in Treatment-Naïve Patients Infected With R5-Tropic [NCT01400412]Phase 2262 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-17Completed
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Darunavir (DRV) and Cobicistat (COBI) After a Single-oral Administration of Darunavir/Cobicistat Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet in Healthy Japanese Adult Subjects [NCT03123848]Phase 48 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-14Completed
A Randomised, Controlled, Open-Label Trial to Compare Brachial Artery Reactivity and Cardiovascular Risk of a Treatment Simplification by Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100 mg O.D. Versus a Triple Combination Therapy Containing DRV/r in HIV-1 Infected Su [NCT01391013]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Drug-Drug Interaction Study to Assess the Effects of Steady-State Darunavir/Ritonavir on Steady-State Pitavastatin in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT01422369]Phase 428 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Relation Between Darunavir Levels and Virological Efficacy, Integrated Proviral ADN and Resistance Mutations in HIV-infected Patients on Treatment With Darunavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy [NCT01606722]150 participants (Actual)Observational2010-01-31Completed
PREZISTA or INTELENCE Switch Evaluation in Virologically Suppressed Patients Naïve to Darunavir or Etravirine and Who Are Intolerant of Their Current or Prior Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen: A Phase IV, Open-label, Multicentre Observational Tr [NCT01615601]77 participants (Actual)Observational2011-10-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of a Simplification Strategy Based on Dolutegravir and Darunavir / Cobicistat vs Optimized Treatment in Suppressed HIV-1-infected Patients Carrying Archived Multidrug Resistance Mutations. [NCT03683524]Phase 496 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-19Completed
Impact of Steady State Cobicistat and Darunavir/Cobicistat on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Anticoagulants (Rivaroxaban, Apixaban) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03864406]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-04Completed
Effect of Multiple Dosing With 240 mg QD BI 201335 on the Steady-state Pharmacokinetics of 800 mg QD Darunavir Coadministered With 100 mg QD Ritonavir (DRV/r) in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (an Open-label, Multiple-dose, Single Group, Single Fixed [NCT01374802]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Active-controlled, Double-blind Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Once Daily Fixed Dose Combination Regimen Versus a Regimen Consisting of Darunavir/Cobicis [NCT02431247]Phase 3725 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-06Completed
Management Using the Latest Technologies in Resource-limited Settings to Optimize Combination Therapy After Viral Failure (MULTI-OCTAVE) [NCT01641367]Phase 4545 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-22Completed
A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Randomized, Replicate Crossover Pivotal Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Adult Participants to Assess the Bioequivalence of Darunavir 675 mg, Emtricitabine 200 mg, and Tenofovir Alafenamide 10 mg in the Presence of Cobicistat 150 [NCT04661397]Phase 137 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-05Completed
A Phase 1 Clinical Study to Assess the Effect of Darunavir/Ritonavir or Lopinavir/Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of Daclatasvir in Healthy Subjects [NCT02159352]Phase 149 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Nucleoside-Sparing Regimen of Darunavir, Ritonavir, and Dolutegravir [NCT03198884]20 participants (Actual)Observational2017-01-01Completed
HERV-K Suppression Using Antiretroviral Therapy in Volunteers With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [NCT02437110]Phase 1122 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-01Active, not recruiting
Switching From Regimens Consisting of a RTV-Boosted Protease Inhibitor Plus TDF/FTC to a Combination of Raltegravir Plus Nevirapine and Lamivudine in HIV Patients With Suppressed Viremia and Impaired Renal Function (RANIA Study) (Pilot Study) Protocol MK- [NCT02116660]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-03Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated early due to poor recruitment.)
MARaviroc-based Treatment Switch in HIV-positive Patients With HAND: Consequences of Reducing Antiretroviral-associated Neurotoxicity [NCT03163277]Phase 438 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-15Terminated(stopped due to Sloww accrual and COVID-19 related problems (impossible to perform LPs))
Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral in Children [NCT03194165]65 participants (Actual)Observational2017-06-16Completed
PROTEAse Inhibitor (DRV/Rtv) in Mono- or Triple Therapy in Suppressed HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT01448707]Phase 3274 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-15Completed
HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis With Darunavir/r (PEPDar) [NCT01516970]Phase 3312 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-25Completed
A Phase 3b, Open-Label, Single Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cobicistat-boosted Darunavir Plus Two Fully Active Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV-1 Infected, Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve and -Experienced Adults With N [NCT01440569]Phase 3314 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
The Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir, Darunavir/Cobocistat When Co-administered in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03094507]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-19Completed
Genetic Predictors of Pharmacokinetic Variability in the Drug-drug Interaction Between Darunavir/Ritonavir and Pravastatin: the Role of SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms. [NCT00630734]Phase 432 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Darunavir/Cobicistat and Dolutegravir to Maintain Virologic Suppression and Reduce NRTI-associated Toxicity (The 'deNUC' Study; TMC114HIV2030) [NCT02499978]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Withdrawn
Cost-effectiveness of Different Antiretroviral Treatment in Patients HIV Naive. Randomized Clinical, Not Masked, Trial Comparing DRVr3TC, ABC3TC (Kivexa) RPV, or EVG COBI FTC TDF (Stribild) for 48 Weeks [NCT02470650]Phase 4150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-06-30Recruiting
Mechanisms of Immune Reconstitution & Reduced Immune Activation Following Darunavir-based ART [NCT01869634]Phase 437 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
The Effect of Efavirenz and Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir on the Pharmacokinetics of the HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor Pitavastatin [NCT01695954]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Interest of a Down-scaled Treatment Strategy Using Dual Therapy (Nucleoside Analogs) in HIV Infected Patients Already Being Treated Using Triple Therapy, Who Present With a Successful Virological Control and for W [NCT02302547]Phase 3224 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
Comparative Efficacy of Ivermectin Versus Combination of Hydroxychloroquine Plus Darunavir/ Ritonavir for Shortening Duration of SARS-CoV2 Detection From Respiratory Secretion Among Asymptomatic or Afebrile COVID-19 Infection [NCT04435587]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-13Recruiting
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Levonorgestrel Implant in HIV-Infected Women on Darunavir Versus Rilpivirine-based Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT03589027]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-07Recruiting
HIV Reservoir Dynamics After Switching to Dolutegravir in Patients With Two NRTI and a Protease Inhibitor Based Regimen. A Phase IV Open Randomized Trial [NCT02513147]Phase 444 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-30Completed
A Phase 3 Open-label Safety Study of Cobicistat-containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Regimens in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment [NCT01363011]Phase 3106 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Concentration of ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Half-life (T1/2) of ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration for Contraceptives
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of [TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored] - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA by Race
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using Observed Values
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using the Imputation Method of Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF)
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup - Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using the Imputation Method of LOCF
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup - Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Using Observed Values
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup [TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored] - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Number of Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR) Subgroup- VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (TLOVR) Subjects
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Number of TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Subjects by Sex
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Number of VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (TLOVR) Subjects by Race
NCT00381303 (10) [back to overview]Number of Viral Load (VL) < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (Time to Loss of Virologic Response[TLOVR]) Subjects by Sex
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Functional and Global Well-Being Subscale
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Physical Well-Being Subscale
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Total Score
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Resistance Determinations
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Virological Response [Intent To Treat (ITT), TLOVR - All Switches Included, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 144]
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Social Well-Being Subscale
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Virological Response [Intent To Treat (ITT) - TLOVR, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 48]
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP) - Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR), < 50 Copies/ml, Week 48]
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP), TLOVR - Switch Equals Failure, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 144]
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP), TLOVR - Switch Equals Failure, <200 Copies/ml, Week 144]
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Cognitive Function Subscale
NCT00458302 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Emotional Well-Being Subscale
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Mean Changes From Baseline at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24,36 and 48 Weeks.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in LDL Cholesterol at Week 48.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in Glucose at Week 48.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in HDL Cholesterol.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Who Maintain Plasma HIV Viral Load Measurements < 400 Copies/ml at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks After Switching to DRV/r and ETR, Missing Equals Failure.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in Triglycerides at Week 48.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Who Have Viral Load Measurements <50 Copies/ml at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks After Switching to DRV/r and ETR, Missing Equals Failure.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol at Week 48.
NCT00460746 (10) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC) / High Denisty Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio at Week 48.
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Change in log10 Viral Load From Baseline at Week 48
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Developing Mutations at Endpoint
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) Score
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From the Time of Study Medication Administration Upto 24 Hour Postdose (AUC24h) of DRV and Rtv
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Virological Response at Week 48 (Number of Participants With Plasma Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) - as Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Virologic Response at Week 48 (Viral Load Less Than 400 Copies/mL)
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Time to Loss of Virologic Response
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Time to Reach First Virologic Response
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Time-averaged Difference (DAVG) of log10 Plasma Viral Load Over 48 Weeks
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Adherent/Non-adherent to ARV as Determined by Modified Medication Adherence Self Report Inventory (M-MASRI) Questionnaire at Week 48
NCT00524368 (12) [back to overview]Predose Plasma Concentration (C0h) of DRV and Rtv.
NCT00525733 (1) [back to overview]The Primary Outcome of This Study is the Proportion of Patients Having Detectable HIV-1 RNA Using the Single Copy Assay After 48 Weeks of Treatment and the Study Hypothesis is That New Treatment is Better Than the Control Group.
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Contributing to the Pharmacokinetic (PK) Evaluations: Cmin, Cmax, AUC24 & Css,av
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Log10 Viral Load (HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL): Mean Changes From Baseline(ITT-Observed Case)
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Glucose- Insulin
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Virologic Response < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (ITT-Observed Case)
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Triglycerides
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Direct
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Lipids- Total Cholesteral
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose-Hyperglycemia
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose- Hypoglycemia
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline (ITT-Observed Case)
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]CD4+ Cell Count (Percent): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline (ITT-Observed Case)
NCT00534352 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Lipids- High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Time From Randomization to Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI Component of Study Treatment
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Time From Treatment Dispensation to First Grade 3 or Higher (and at Least One Grade Higher Than Baseline) Signs/Symptom or Laboratory Abnormality
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Time From Treatment Dispensation to First Study ARV Modification (Excluding NRTIs, if Applicable)
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Time From Treatment Dispensation to Serious Non-AIDS-defining Events
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Change in Summarized Quality of Life Score
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Self-reporting Non-adherence to Assigned Study ARVS (Excluding NRTIs, if Applicable)
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Time From Randomization to Confirmed Virological Failure
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Change in Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load From Baseline to Week 1
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Change in Virus Co-receptor Tropism Among Those With R5-only Tropic Virus at Study Entry
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Participants With Newly Acquired HIV Drug Resistance Between Study Entry and Confirmed Virologic Failure
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Regimen Failure, Defined as a Confirmed Virologic Failure or Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI Component of Study Treatment
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Change in Cardiovascular Risk Score From Baseline
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Change in CD4 Count From Baseline
NCT00537394 (15) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Non-HDL Cholesterol From Baseline
NCT00543101 (4) [back to overview]Economic Impact of a Substitution of Dual Boosted PIs With DRV/r
NCT00543101 (4) [back to overview]The Percentage of Participants With Successful Virologic Suppression
NCT00543101 (4) [back to overview]Lipid Fraction Results, Mean of the Change From Baseline to Week 24.
NCT00543101 (4) [back to overview]Treatment Satisfaction (+3, Much More Satisfied Now to -3, Much Less Satisfied Now)
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Ritonavir Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Relative Change in Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Relative Change in Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Pravastatin + Darunavir/Ritonavir: Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Darunavir Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Darunavir Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Pravastatin Alone: Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Pravastatin Alone: Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Pravastatin + Darunavir/Ritonavir: Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00630734 (10) [back to overview]Ritonavir Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Antiviral Activity, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Direct in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA Viral Load at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Triglyceride (TG) Levels in the Lipid Evaluable (LE) Set at Week12
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Percent at Week 12 and 48, Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF).
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Cell Count at Week 12 and 48, Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF).
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Antiviral Activity, HIV-1 RNA, Missing Values as Treatment Failure (M=F)
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4 Cell Count at Week 12 and 48, Observed Values.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Apolipoprotein B in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC) Levels in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48
NCT00757783 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in TC/HDL Ratio in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol Level From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose Level From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Fasting HDL Cholesterol Level From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]CD4+ T-cell Count Changes From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Discontinuation of the RAL or PI Component of Randomized Treatment for Toxicity by Week 96
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]CD4+ T-cell Count
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Presence of Mutations Associated With ATV/RTV or DRV/RTV Resistance
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Presence of Mutations Associated With NRTI Resistance
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Presence of Mutations Associated With INI Resistance
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Incidence of Targeted Serious Non-AIDS Defining Events (Renal Failure, Liver Disease, Serious Metabolic Disorder, and CVD)
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Self-reported Adherence
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Incidence of Death or AIDS Defining Events (CDC Category C)
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Cumulative Probability of Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) by Week 96
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Cumulative Probability of First Virologic Failure by Week 96
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Waist:Height Ratio From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Framingham 10-year Risk of MI or Coronary Death From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Triglycerides Level From Baseline
NCT00811954 (19) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of First Adverse Event by Week 96
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Average Observed Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]HIV-1 RNA Levels at Baseline
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmin) of Maraviroc
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Genotypic Resistance
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma Human Immuno Deficiency Virus-1 Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-1 RNA) Levels Less Than 50 Copies/Milliliter (mL)
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Time to Loss of Virological Response (TLOVR)
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4+T Lymphocyte (CD4) Cell Counts at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 8+T Lymphocyte (CD8) Cell Count at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA Levels of First 15 Participants at Days 4, 7, 10 and 14
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Plasma log10 Viral Load at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Tropism Status Using Trofile Assay
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Less Than 400 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Time-Averaged Difference (TAD) in log10 Viral Load
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Phenotypic Resistance
NCT00827112 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Less Than 50 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Integrase Drug Resistance at Virologic Failure
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Perfect Overall Adherence by Self Report
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein at Week 24
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Virologic Failure After Initiating RAL Plus DRV/RTV at or Prior to Week 24
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Change in CD4 Count at Week 48
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/ml or <200 Copies/ml at Week 24
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein at Week 48
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Change in Plasma HIV-1 RNA From Baseline to Week 1
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Who Experienced Signs/Symptoms or Laboratory Toxicities Grade 3 or Higher, or of Any Grade Which Led to a Permanent Change or Discontinuation of Study Treatment
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Plasma Trough Concentration of Raltegravir
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Plasma Trough Concentration of Darunavir
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Protease Drug Resistance at Virologic Failure
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pretreatment Drug Resistance
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Changes in Fasting Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride at Week 48
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Changes in Fasting Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride at Week 24
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Virologic Failure or Off Study Treatment Regimen or Death at or Prior to Week 24
NCT00830804 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/ml or <200 Copies/ml at Week 48
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in CD4+ T-cell Count From Study Entry to Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Glucose Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Insulin Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol (TC) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Triglyceride (TG) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in D-dimer From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in Soluble CD14 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in Soluble CD163 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Annual Rate of Change in Right Common Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness (CIMT)
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Brachial Artery (BA) Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Week 24
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Hip From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Lumber Spine From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Total Body From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Lean Mass From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat (SAT) From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Total Limb Fat From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Trunk Fat From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Percent Change in Visceral Abdominal Fat (VAT) From Study Entry to Week 96
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]CD4+ T-cell Count at Study Entry and Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Absolute Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24 and 48
NCT00851799 (27) [back to overview]Change in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4 and 48
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Log10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Viral Load Value
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration of Drug in the Cord Plasma and Maternal Plasma Samples Collected at the Time of Delivery
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Plasma Viral Load (<) 50 Copies/Milliliter (mL)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Log10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Viral Load Value
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Minimum Plasma Concentration (Cmin)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-24h)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 12 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-12h)
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Resistance at Virological Failure
NCT00855335 (15) [back to overview]Number of Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Test Result
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Overall Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 24
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Median Change in CD4 Cell Count From Week 0 to Week 24.
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Correlation of HIV RNA Levels in CSF and Drug Levels With Neurocognitive Functioning
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Ritonavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virologic Response
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Baseline
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Overall Neurocognitive Impairment Score at Week 2 or 4
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Overall Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 48
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Darunavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Darunavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Median Time to HIV RNA Suppression to <200 Copies/mL
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With HIV RNA Measurement Above the Limits of Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Stopped Study Treatment Due to Adverse Event or Intolerance
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Median Change in CD4 Cell Count From Week 0 to Week 48.
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Ritonavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Etravirine Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 24
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 48
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Darunavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Darunavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]HIV RNA Levels Immediately Prior to Initiating Study Treatment.
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Etravirine Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]HIV RNA Detection in Ileal Biopsy Specimens
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Correlation of Time to HIV RNA Levels <200 Copies/mL With Improvement in Neurocognitive Functioning From Baseline to Week 24 and 48
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Change in Overall Neurocognitive Impairment From Baseline to Week 24 or 48
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Adverse Events Possibly or Definitely Related to Study Treatment Through Week 48
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Etravirine Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virologic Response
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]HIV RNA Detection in Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Ritonavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Minimum Darunavir Exposure Range in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00855413 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Darunavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen
NCT00885495 (4) [back to overview]To Investigate the Effect of Rosuvastatin on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir/Ritonavir.
NCT00885495 (4) [back to overview]To Compare the Change in Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol With Rosuvastatin Therapy Alone, Darunavir/Ritonavir Therapy Alone and With the Co-administration of Rosuvastatin and Darunavir/Ritonavir.
NCT00885495 (4) [back to overview]Cmax of Rosuvastatin
NCT00885495 (4) [back to overview]AUC of Rosuvastatin
NCT00915655 (2) [back to overview]Virological Response[Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, TLOVR]
NCT00915655 (2) [back to overview]Virological Response [Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, FDA-SNAPSHOT]
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) at Week 24 - Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR)
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Week 24 and Week 48 in Plasma log10 Viral Load
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Week 24 and Week 48 in CD4+ Percentage
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) at Week 48
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Less Than or Equal to 1 log10 Decrease in Plasma Viral Load at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT00919854 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 400 Copies/mL) at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Tolerance: Gastrointestinal Complains
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Tolerance: Equal or Superior to a 25% Reduction in eGFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 200 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 200 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With WHO Stage 3 and 4 HIV Related Events
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Tolerance: Neuropathies (Grade 1 to 4)
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Resistance Mutations
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 50 Copies/mL
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Adherence
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Gain in CD4 Cells Between Baseline and W48
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Development of Metabolic Syndrome
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients Discontinuing Study Treatment
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50 Copies/mL
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Signs/Symptoms or Laboratory Toxicities of Grade 3 or Higher
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Trough Concentrations (Ctrough) of Maraviroc
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50 Copies/mL
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Drug Adherence, Number of Participants With Missed Doses
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Drug Resistance Mutations and Co-receptor Tropism Assessed by Trofile ES
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Median CD4 Count Change From Baseline
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50
NCT00993148 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure or Off Study Treatment Regimen
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 36
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 8
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 12
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 48
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 42
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 4
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Response (CVR) at Week 48
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 30
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 24
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 20
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 16
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Virologic Failure
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Time to Reach First Confirmed Virologic Response
NCT01199939 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) and Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8+) Cell Counts at Week 48
NCT01258374 (4) [back to overview]Geometric Mean of t1/2, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy
NCT01258374 (4) [back to overview]Geometric Mean of C-max, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.
NCT01258374 (4) [back to overview]Geometric Mean of AUC, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.
NCT01258374 (4) [back to overview]Geometric Mean of C-Trough, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.
NCT01281813 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events
NCT01281813 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events Possibly Related to Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/Rtv) Treatment
NCT01281813 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Tropism Change Between Screening or Baseline and PDTF
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Virologic Outcomes at Week 48 Using Protocol-Defined Treatment Failure (PDTF).
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Change in Bone Turnover Markers From Baseline and at Week 48 - Blood Osteocalcin
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Change in Bone Turnover Markers From Baseline and at Week 48 - Type 1 Collagen Peptide (CTX-1)
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Severity of Abnormal Laboratory Values
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - AP Lumbar Spine (L1 - L4) BMD
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - Femoral Neck BMD
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - Total Hip BMD
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Changes in Peripheral Fat Distribution Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DEXA] Scan From Baseline and at Week 48.
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Changes in Trunk to Limb Fat Distribution Using DEXA Scan From Baseline and at Week 48
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Frequency of Adverse Events (AE).
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Due to AEs
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 AEs
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-related AEs
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL.
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]The Relationship Between the Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at the Week 48 and the Screening Tropism Test (Genotype Test or ESTA).
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Marker Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4, Cell/mm^3)
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Marker Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8, Cell/mm^3)
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Absolute Change in CD4+/CD8+ Ratio From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Laboratory Values
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Resistance to Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI), and Protease Inhibitors (PI) in Participants Meeting PDTF Criteria
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Viral Resistance to Maraviroc (Maraviroc Treated Participants Only) in Participants Meeting PDTF Criteria.
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Activation Marker CD4 (%)
NCT01345630 (25) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Activation Marker CD8 (%)
NCT01348763 (2) [back to overview]The Ratio of the Maximum Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc Between 20 and 10 Day
NCT01348763 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Changes in Haematology and Biochemistry Laboratory Tests
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Ctau (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Ctau (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: t1/2 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: t1/2 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Tmax (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR Using the Modification of Diet in Renal (MDRD) Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Tmax (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Actual Glomerular Filtration Rate (aGFR) at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in aGFR at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR Using the Chronic Kidney Disease, Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Formula Based on Cystatin C Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Week 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation (Adjusted) at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation (Adjusted) at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation, Adjusted at Week 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation, Adjusted at Week 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Formula Based on Cystatin C Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Week 24 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: AUCtau (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: AUCtau (Cohort 2)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Cmax (Cohort 1)
NCT01363011 (36) [back to overview]Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Cmax (Cohort 2)
NCT01374802 (4) [back to overview]AUCτ,ss of Darunavir
NCT01374802 (4) [back to overview]Cmax,ss of Darunavir
NCT01374802 (4) [back to overview]Cτ,ss of Darunavir
NCT01374802 (4) [back to overview]Tmax,ss of Darunavir
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-RNA) Greater Than or Equal to 50 Copies/mL
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Lumbar Z Score: Median Change in Lumbar Z Score
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Lumbar T Score: Median Change in Lumbar T Score
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Leg Fat Content: Median Change in Leg Fat (Total)
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Femoral Neck Z Score: Median Change in Femoral Neck Z Score
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Brachial Artery FMD: Median Change in FMD (%)
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Vasodilatation (FMD): Median Change in FMD (%)
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Femoral Neck T Score: Median Change in Femoral Neck T Score
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Visceral Fat Content in Abdomen: Median Change in Visceral Abdominal Tissue (VAT)
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) Count Over Week 48
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Sensitivity at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Framingham Risk Score at Week 24 and Week 48: Medican Change in Framingham Risk Score
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in HDL
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in LDL
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Triglycerides at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in Triglycerides
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Circulating Endothelial Cells
NCT01391013 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Precursors of Circulating Endothelial Cells
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in Levels of sCD14 From Baseline
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in Levels of sCD163 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Cumulative Probability of Virologic Failure by Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Developed Grade 3 or 4 Primary Adverse Events
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Died During the Study
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Bone Fractures
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Total Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change in Expression of CD28+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change in Expression of CD28+/CD57+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change in Expression of CD57+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change in Expression of RANKL+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percent Change in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percentage Change in Expression of CD38+/HLA-DR+ on CD4+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in Level of IP-10 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Percentage Change in Expression of CD38+/HLA-DR+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]CD8+ T-cell Change From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in CD4 Count From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in CD4 Count From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in Levels of D-dimer From Baseline
NCT01400412 (20) [back to overview]Change in Levels of IL-6 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01422369 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event.
NCT01422369 (2) [back to overview]NK-104 AUC
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to 48 Weeks
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Greater Than 95% Adherence at 48 Weeks
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Primary Efficacy Endpoint for Virologic Suppression in HIV-infected Subjects
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Secondary Efficacy Endpoints
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Secondary Efficacy Endpoints
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Absolute Value Change in CD4+ From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01423812 (7) [back to overview]Assessment of Virologic Failure
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Onset of Any Treatment-emergent Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event Between Baseline and Week 24
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 24
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 48
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Snapshot Analysis)
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 (Snapshot Analysis)
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event and Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event Leading to Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT01440569 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event and Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event Leading to Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 48
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Time to Loss of Virologic Response
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting Resistance Mutations With Confirmed Virologic Failure Who Have HIV RNA >400 Copies/mL and Genotype Resistance Results
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-Emergent Phenotypic Drug Resistance
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Virologic Response (FDA Snapshot, Switch Included)
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Virologic Response (Food Drug and Administration [FDA] Snapshot, Switch = Failure)
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Virologic Response (Food Drug and Administration [FDA] Snapshot, Switch = Failure)
NCT01448707 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Global Neurocognitive Performance z-Score
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 c/mL) at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Convenience Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Lifestyle/Ease Sub Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Total Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With the Indicated Grade 3 and Grade 4 Maximum Post-Baseline Chemistry and Hematology Laboratory Toxicities
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Through Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants (Par.) With Detectable Virus That Has Genotypic or Phenotypic Evidence of Treatment-emergent Resistance to DTG, DRV+RTV and Other On-study ART at Time of Protocol Defined Virology Failure (PDVF)
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With HIV-1 Associated Disease Progression With the Indicated Shift to CDC Class C, or New CDC Class C or Death at Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Abnormalities in Fasting LDL Cholesterol Through Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 c/mL at Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) at Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Time to Virologic Suppression (<50 Copies/mL) Through Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Symptom Distress Module (SDM) Bother Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ and CD8+ Cell Counts
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EQ-5D Thermometer Scores at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT01449929 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life -5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Utility Scores at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT01516970 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Early Discontinuation From Randomized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis (HIV PEP)
NCT01516970 (4) [back to overview]Worst Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Score for the Safety Population
NCT01516970 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Developed Detectable HIV Antibodies
NCT01516970 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 48
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 24
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 48
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 24
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT01565850 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants That Developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to First Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to First Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Triglycerides
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation.
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death, an AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death, an AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death or Hospitalization.
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the Development of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the Development of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Death [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Death
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Triglycerides [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Total Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Total Cholesterol
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Glucose [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Glucose
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death or Hospitalization [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ T-cell Count [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD4+ T-cell Count
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 72 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 72 Weeks
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 24 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 24 Weeks
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Experiencing Death, AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Death or Hospitalization by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Death or Hospitalization by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing, by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing, by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Weeks of Follow-up
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Number of Weeks of Follow-up [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Experiencing Death by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Experiencing Death by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure by Week 48
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Experiencing Death, AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]
NCT01641367 (60) [back to overview]Percent of Participants That Developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) by Week 48
NCT01695954 (3) [back to overview]AUC
NCT01695954 (3) [back to overview]GMR of 24- Hour AUC of Pitavastatin When Coadministered With Efavirenz or With Darunavir/Ritonavir Over 24 Hour AUC of Pitavastatin
NCT01695954 (3) [back to overview]GMR of Cmax of Pitavastatin When Coadministered With Efavirenz or With Darunavir/Ritonavir
NCT01869634 (4) [back to overview]Change in Percentage of Total Artery Diameter
NCT01869634 (4) [back to overview]Change in Systemic Immune Activation
NCT01869634 (4) [back to overview]Number of CD4+ T-cells in the Lamina Propria/mm2 Before and After 12 Months of Therapy Compared to Age-matched Control Volunteers Without HIV
NCT01869634 (4) [back to overview]Number of CD4+ T-cells in the Lamina Propria/mm2 Before and After 12 Months of Therapy Compared to Age-matched Control Volunteers Without HIV
NCT02116660 (1) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
NCT02155101 (3) [back to overview]HIV-1 RNA Viral Load
NCT02155101 (3) [back to overview]HIV-1 RNA Viral Load
NCT02155101 (3) [back to overview]HIV-1 RNA Viral Load
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Time of Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Daclatasvir
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration Observed at 24 Hours Postdose (C24) of Daclatasvir
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Vital Sign Measurements
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Daclatasvir
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Urinalysis and Other Chemistry Testing Results
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Marked Abnormalities in Hematology Laboratory Test Results
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) and Who Died
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Dose-normalized Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax/D) and Dose-normalized Plasma Concentration Observed at 24 Hours Postdose (C24/D) of Daclatasvir
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve in 1 Dosing Interval (AUC[TAU]) for Daclatasvir
NCT02159352 (11) [back to overview]Dose-normalized Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve in 1 Dosing Interval (AUC[TAU]/D) of Daclatasvir
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Triglyceride at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 96
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean CD4+ T-cell Count at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean CD4+ T-cell Count at Week 96
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 Copies/mL at Week 96
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Drug-related Serious Adverse Event
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Drug-related Adverse Event
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Adverse Event
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an Adverse Event
NCT02275780 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels at Weeks 24 and 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in BMD T-score of Hip and Spine
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D), at Week 24 and 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Levels of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Weeks 24 and 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Levels of Serum Collagen Type 1 Beta Carboxy Telopeptide (CTX) at Weeks 24 and 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Levels of Serum Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) at Weeks 24 and 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in BMD T-score of Hip and Spine at Week 96
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Number of Participants With ARV Resistance
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percent Change From Reference in Hip and Spine BMD
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Through Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Through Week 96
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 AEs, SAEs, and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Post-Week 96 to End of Extension
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV RNA <50, <20, and <200 Copies/mL Post-week 96 to End of Extension
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-PDVF by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With PDVF Post-week 96 to End of Extension
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Time to Treatment Failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Time to Treatment Failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Hip and Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve Across the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of Tenofovir Alafenamide
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-24h) of Darunavir
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation-4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Formula at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine by (Cockcroft-Gault Formula) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Plasma Concentrations 2 Hours After Dosing (C0-2h) of Tenofovir Alafenamide
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst) by CKD-EPI Formula at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in log10 HIV-1 RNA Levels at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin to Creatinine Ratio (UB2MGCR) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urine Retinol Binding Protein To Creatinine Ratio (URBPCR) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in ALP Levels
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 96
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in eGFRcr by CKD-EPI Formula
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine by Cockcroft-Gault Formula
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst) by CKD-EPI Formula
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Levels of 25-OH Vitamin D
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Levels of PTH
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Levels of Serum CTX
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Levels of Serum P1NP
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in log10 HIV-1 RNA Levels at Week 96
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in Serum Creatinine
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in UACR
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in UB2MGCR
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in UPCR
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Change From Reference in URBPCR
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Urine Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (FEPO4) at Week 48
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percent Change From Reference in Urine FEPO4
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies Per mL at Week 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Less Than (<) 50 Copies Per Milliliter (Copies Per mL) (Virologic Response) at Week 48 Defined by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Snapshot Approach
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h) of Darunavir
NCT02431247 (64) [back to overview]CD4+ Cell Count Post-Week From 96 to End of Extension
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Metabolites of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Plasma Concentration of Metabolites of Maraviroc at 12 Hour Post-dose
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Metabolite to Parent Ratio for Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours for Maraviroc and Its Metabolites (MRAUC12)
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Metabolites of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc at 24 Hours Post-dose
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Average Plasma Concentration (Cav) of Metabolites of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours (AUC [0-12]) of Metabolites of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Sign Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours (AUC [0-12]) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Average Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Number of Participants With 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Sign Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours (AUC [0-24]) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Average Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 1: Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc at 12 Hours Post-dose
NCT02625207 (24) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Apparent Total Body Clearance of Drug at the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (CL/F)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda[z])
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Concentration at Last Quantifiable Time Point (Clast)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Time the Last Quantifiable Time (AUC[0-last])
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Infinite Time (AUC0-infinity)
NCT03123848 (10) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F)
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]The Change in Serum Creatinine From Baseline to 48 Weeks.
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With RNA <50 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With RNA <50 Copies/mL at 24, 36, and 48 Weeks
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Change in Mean CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline.
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Analysis of Creatinine Clearance at Time Points 24, 36 and 48 Weeks.
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events.
NCT03198884 (7) [back to overview]Number of Grade 1 Adverse Events Reported
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Terminal Elimination Half-life (t½) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution (V/F) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC0-24hr) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC0-∞) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Maximum Total Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Rivaroxaban
NCT03864406 (8) [back to overview]Minimum Total Plasma Concentration (Cmin) for Rivaroxaban
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Cmax of RTV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Ctau of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Ctau of RTV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Plasma Concentration at the End of the Dosing Interval (Ctau) of DRV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) of DRV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Tmax of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Tmax of RTV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-tau) of ETR
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-tau) of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Cmax of ETR
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Ctau of ETR
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Ctau of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Tmax of ETR
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Tmax of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmax of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Cmax of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With SAEs and Non-SAEs
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With SAEs and Non-SAEs
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of PCI Criteria
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the End of the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUC[0-tau]) of GSK3640254
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC(0-tau) of DRV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC(0-tau) of RTV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Cmax of DRV
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of Potential Clinical Importance (PCI) Criteria
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Non-serious Adverse Events (Non-SAEs)
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of PCI Criteria
NCT04630002 (54) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.2.822.203.90
ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.NA3.64.1
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.3.114.514.52
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.4.593.677.04
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.6.226.558.96
DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.5.645.537.78
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.6.775.788.11
DTG 50mg q.d.3.623.544.85
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)3.875.134.41
FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d.5.615.126.75
IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA)3.893.625.37
NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d.NA5.15.0
TFV 300mg q.d.0.2500.2450.298
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.1.22.54.1
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.2.733.565.43

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Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Concentration of ARVs and TB Drugs

Infant plasma concentrations were collected and measured during the first 9 days of life. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 2-10, 18-28, 36-72 hours and 5-9 days after birth.

,,,
Interventionmcg/mL (Median)
2-10 hours after birth18-28 hours after birth36-72 hours after birth5-9 days after birth
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.0.351.431.871.72
DTG 50mg q.d.1.731.531.000.06
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)1.11.00.90.4
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.0.1320.0320.0050.005

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.

Interventionng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.NA27173645

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12 (area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.

,,,
Interventionmg*hour/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.55.151.879.6
DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.45.845.961.7
FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d.43.5032.1551.60
NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d.NA34.233.5

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12 (area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.

,,,
Interventionmg*hour/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ETR 200mg b.i.d.4.58.35.3
IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA)14.916.127.1
LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d.7296133
RAL 400mg b.i.d.6.65.411.6

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24 (area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionmg*hour/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.25.3318.8536.20
ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.88.241.957.9
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.30.645.748.8
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.50.0042.0595.55
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.64.663.5103.9
DTG 50mg q.d.47.649.265.0
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)47.3060.0262.70
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.15.314.021.0
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI0.1970.2060.216
TAF 25mg q.d.0.1710.2120.271
TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting0.1810.2570.283
TFV 300mg q.d.1.92.43.0
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.14.528.839.6
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.26.237.758.7

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PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

,,,
Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ETR 200mg b.i.d.0.701.010.63
LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d.8.410.714.6
RAL 400mg b.i.d.2.2501.7703.035
RPV 25mg q.d.0.1450.1340.134

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PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

Interventionmg/L (Median)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
EFV 600mg q.d.5.445.10

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Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Half-life (T1/2) of ARVs and TB Drugs

Infant plasma concentrations were collected and measured during the first 9 days of life. Half-life is defined as 0.693/k, where k, the elimination rate constant, is the slope of the decline in concentrations. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Infant plasma samples at 2-10, 18-28, 36-72 hours and 5-9 days after birth.

Interventionhour (Median)
DTG 50mg q.d.32.8
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.7.6
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.NA
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)65.6

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PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Cord blood and maternal plasma concentrations were collected and measured at delivery, and compared as a ratio. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at time of delivery with single cord blood and single maternal plasma sample.

Interventionunitless (Median)
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.0.15
DTG 50mg q.d.1.25
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.0.91
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.0.07
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.0.07
TFV 300mg q.d.0.88

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.

Interventionmg*hour/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
RPV 25mg q.d.1.9691.6692.387

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PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Cord blood and maternal plasma concentrations were collected and measured at delivery, and compared as a ratio. For arms with zero overall participants analyzed, samples were below the limit of quantification and ratios could not be calculated. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at time of delivery with single cord blood and single maternal plasma sample.

Interventionunitless (Median)
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI0.97
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)0.67
EFV 600mg q.d.0.49
LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d.0.2
RAL 400mg b.i.d.1.5
ETR 200mg b.i.d.0.52
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.0.33
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.0.14
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.0.16
NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d.0.19
IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA)0.12
RPV 25mg q.d.0.55
ATV/RTV 300/100mg q.d. or TFV/ATV/RTV 300/300/100mg q.d.0.18
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. or DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.0.18

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Plasma Concentration for Contraceptives

Serum concentrations of the contraceptives. Note that no historical controls were provided by team pharmacologists and thus no comparisons were done for contraceptive concentrations in women using hormonal contraceptives and selected ARV drugs as compared to historical controls not using those ARV drugs. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 6-7 weeks after contraceptive initiation postpartum

Interventionpg/mL (Median)
ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. With ENG604
LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. With ENG428
EFV 600mg q.d. With ENG125

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Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2-12 wks postpartum before contraceptive initiation and 6-7 wks after contraceptive initiation. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 0, 1, 2, 6, 8 and 12 hours post dosing.

Interventionmcg*hr/mL (Median)
Before contraceptive initiationAfter contraceptive initiation
LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. With ENG115.97100.20

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Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2-12 wks postpartum before contraceptive initiation and 6-7 wks after contraceptive initiation. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post dosing.

,
Interventionmcg*hr/mL (Median)
Before contraceptive initiationAfter contraceptive initiation
ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. With ENG53.9655.25
EFV 600mg q.d. With ENG53.6456.65

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Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC (area under the curve) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. See PK target in the Protocol Appendix V. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
EFV 600mg q.d.2021
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.87

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Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC (area under the curve) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. See PK target in the Protocol Appendix V. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.11212
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.3414
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.71622
DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.71922
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.91922
DTG 50mg q.d.92023
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)123334
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.82927
ETR 200mg b.i.d.5137
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.81018
FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d.82622
IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA)101926
LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d.93027
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.125
NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d.NA1514
RAL 400mg b.i.d.113330
RPV 25mg q.d.142625
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI152322
TAF 25mg q.d.132324
TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting102418
TFV 300mg q.d.22727
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.11112
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.72332

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.

Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
RPV 25mg q.d.0.0630.0560.081

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.

Interventionmg/L (Median)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
EFV 600mg q.d.1.602.05

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

"Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose.~For the TAF 25 mg q.d., 10 mg q.d. w/COBI, and 25 mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV boosting arms, samples were all below the limit of quantification and statistical analyses were not conducted." (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.0.210.210.61
ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.2.00.71.2
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.0.490.710.90
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.0.330.271.43
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.0.991.172.78
DTG 50mg q.d.0.730.931.28
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)1.491.481.94
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.0.02580.04870.3771
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI0.001950.001950.00195
TAF 25mg q.d.0.001950.001950.00195
TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting0.001950.001950.00195
TFV 300mg q.d.0.0390.0540.061
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.0.30.50.8
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.0.440.571.26

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation); 3rd trimester (30-38 gestation); and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum, depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.

,,,
Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
ETR 200mg b.i.d.0.360.480.38
IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA)0.130.130.28
LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d.3.75.17.2
RAL 400mg b.i.d.0.06210.0640.0797

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation); 3rd trimester (30-38 gestation); and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum, depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.

,,,
Interventionmg/L (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.2.842.524.51
DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.2.122.222.51
FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d.2.121.642.87
NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d.NA0.470.52

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PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.

Interventionmg*hour/L (Median)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
EFV 600mg q.d.55.458.3

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PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.108128

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PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

,,,
Interventionng/mL (Median)
2nd Trimester3rd TrimesterPostpartum
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.1447.11432.81713.1
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI80.491.298.2
TAF 25mg q.d.69.796133
TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting87.8107141

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PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

Interventionng/mL (Median)
3rd TrimesterPostpartum
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.448647

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Descriptive Statistics of [TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored] - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA by Race

TLOVR non-virologic failure (VF) censored. This imputation method differs from the TLOVR algorithm, because subjects that dropped out for reasons other than virologic failure were censored from the time of discontinuation onwards. (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Black128
Caucasian39
Hispanic59
Asian2
Other1

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Descriptive Statistics of Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using Observed Values

Observed obsevations have no imputation methods applied. (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

Interventionx10^6 cells/L (Mean)
Female152
Male122
Black143
Caucasian151
Hispanic133
Asian45
Other179

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Descriptive Statistics of Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using the Imputation Method of Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF)

Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) imputation method applied. (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionx10^6 cells/L (Mean)
Female112
Male103
Black109
Caucasian110
Hispanic109
Asian45
Other138

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Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup - Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Using the Imputation Method of LOCF

The Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR Subgroup population was defined as all ITT subjects who took at least 1 dose of ETR). The Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) imputation method was applied. (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionx10^6 Cells/L (Mean)
Female107
Male98
Black113
Caucasian84
Hispanic90
Asian45
Other138

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Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup - Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Using Observed Values

The Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR Subgroup population was defined as all ITT subjects who took at least 1 dose of ETR) (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionx10^6 cells/L (Mean)
Female136
Male108
Black135
Caucasian111
Hispanic98
Asian45
Other179

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Descriptive Statistics of ETR Subgroup [TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored] - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA

"The Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR Subgroup population was defined as all ITT subjects who took at least 1 dose of ETR)~TLOVR non-virologic failure(VF) censored. This imputation method differs from the TLOVR algorithm, because subjects that dropped out for reasons other than virologic failure were censored from the time of discontinuation onwards." (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Female69
Male54
Black74
Caucasian21
Hispanic25
Asian2
Other1

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Number of Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR) Subgroup- VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (TLOVR) Subjects

The Etravirine-TMC125 (ETR Subgroup population was defined as all ITT subjects who took at least 1 dose of ETR) (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Female69
Male54
Black74
Caucasian21
Hispanic25
Asian2
Other1

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Number of TLOVR Non-virologic Failure (VF) Censored - VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Subjects by Sex

TLOVR non-virologic failure (VF) censored. This imputation method differs from the TLOVR algorithm, because subjects that dropped out for reasons other than virologic failure were censored from the time of discontinuation onwards. (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Female146
Male83

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Number of VL < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (TLOVR) Subjects by Race

Intention to Treat population (ITT) (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Black128
Caucasian39
Hispanic59
Asian2
Other1

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Number of Viral Load (VL) < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (Time to Loss of Virologic Response[TLOVR]) Subjects by Sex

TLOVR - responders/non-responders per FDA TLOVR response algorithm. A subject was considered a responder at that time point and that subsequent. A subject was considered a non-responder at a time point in the following situations: discontinued treatment at that time point, a rebound value at that time point and that subsequent or at that time point and that followed by treatment discontinuation, intermittent missing values were considered a response if the immediately preceding and following visits were a response, rebound at earlier time point, or any new, unplanned ARV except in tolerability (NCT00381303)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Female146
Male83

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Functional and Global Well-Being Subscale

The FAHI functional and global well-being subscale. Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on functional and global well-being on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r-0.80.40.0
DRV/r+2NRTIs0.3-0.1-0.6

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Physical Well-Being Subscale

The FAHI physical well-being subscale. Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on physical well-being on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r1.01.41.0
DRV/r+2NRTIs0.60.40.0

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Total Score

The FAHI is a validated health-related quality of life questionnaire. The questionnaire consist of 44 items and includes 5 functional scales (physical, social, emotional, functional and global well-being and cognitive function). Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r1.73.53.1
DRV/r+2NRTIs1.70.40.7

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Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count

The mean change in CD4+ cell count from baseline was calculated with a last observation carried forward method; i.e. the last observed value was carried forward, irrespective of the reason for discontinuation. (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at week 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 112, 128, 144

,
Interventionnumber of cells/L (x10^6) (Mean)
week 4week 12week 24week 36week 48week 60week 72week 84week 96week 112week 128week 144
DRV/r-32.9-20.7-35.8-21.1-15.1-2.3-12.3-3.754.887.590.494.9
DRV/r+2NRTIs-16.9-23.6-5.4-1.2-19.0-4.024.134.649.1106.0117.399.3

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Resistance Determinations

Number of patients with resistance mutations at any time point when a patient had a viral load > 50 copies/mL after randomization. (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at each visit from baseline to week 144

,
Interventionnumber of participants (Number)
>= 1 HIV-1 RNA > 50 copies/mL>= 1 successful genotype after baseline>= 1 IAS-USA primary PI mutations>= 1 DRV RAMsNRTI RAMsM184V mutationno primary PI, DRV, NRTI or M184 V mutations
DRV/r4831110030
DRV/r+2NRTIs4223101122

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Virological Response [Intent To Treat (ITT), TLOVR - All Switches Included, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 144]

Virological response is defined as the number of patients in the ITT population with a plasma viral load < 50 HIV RNA copies/ml at Week 144. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels ≥ 50 copies/mL, or discontinuation of randomised treatment (known as TLOVR). All switches included means that all data even after any changes of treatment were kept. *Discontinuations and rechallenge with NRTIs are taken into account until start of Week 144 window. (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: Week 144

Interventionparticipants (Number)
DRV/r+2NRTIs106
DRV/r106

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Social Well-Being Subscale

The FAHI social well-being subscale. Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on physical well-being on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r-0.20.80.6
DRV/r+2NRTIs0.4-0.6-0.3

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Virological Response [Intent To Treat (ITT) - TLOVR, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 48]

Virological response is defined as the number of patients in the ITT population with a plasma viral load < 50 HIV RNA copies/ml at Week 48. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels ≥ 50 copies/mL, or discontinuation of randomised treatment (known as TLOVR). In addition, any switch in background nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) equaled failure* (referred to as a Switch Equals Failure analysis). *Discontinuations and rechallenge with NRTIs are taken into account until start of Week 48 window (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
DRV/r+2NRTIs110
DRV/r107

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Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP) - Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR), < 50 Copies/ml, Week 48]

Virological response is defined as the number of patients in the PP population with a plasma viral load < 50 HIV RNA copies/ml at Week 48. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels ≥ 50 copies/mL, or discontinuation of randomised treatment (known as TLOVR). In addition, any switch in background nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) equaled failure* (referred to as a Switch Equals Failure analysis). *Discontinuations and rechallenge with NRTIs are taken into account until Week 48 (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
DRV/r+2NRTIs108
DRV/r106

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Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP), TLOVR - Switch Equals Failure, < 50 Copies/ml, Week 144]

Virological response is defined as the number of patients in the PP population with a plasma viral load < 50 HIV RNA copies/ml at Week 144. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels ≥ 50 copies/mL, or discontinuation of randomised treatment (known as TLOVR). In addition, any switch in background nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) equaled failure* (referred to as a Switch Equals Failure analysis). *Discontinuations and rechallenge with NRTIs are taken into account until Week 144 (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: Week 144

Interventionparticipants (Number)
DRV/r+2NRTIs94
DRV/r88

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Virological Response [Per Protocol (PP), TLOVR - Switch Equals Failure, <200 Copies/ml, Week 144]

Virological response is defined as the number of patients in the PP population with a plasma viral load < 200 HIV RNA copies/ml at Week 144. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels ≥ 50 copies/mL, or discontinuation of randomised treatment (known as TLOVR). In addition, any switch in background nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) equaled failure* (referred to as a Switch Equals Failure analysis). *Discontinuations and rechallenge with NRTIs are taken into account until Week 144 (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: week 144

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/r+2NRTIs102
DRV/r95

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Cognitive Function Subscale

The FAHI cognitive function subscale. Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on cognitive function on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r-0.1-0.1-0.1
DRV/r+2NRTIs0.1-0.10.1

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Change From Baseline in Health-Related Quality of Life - FAHI Questionnaire Emotional Well-Being Subscale

The FAHI emotional well-being subscale. Each item is assessing the impact of HIV on emotional well-being on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much). (NCT00458302)
Timeframe: at baseline, week 48, 96 and 144

,
Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
week 48week 96week 144
DRV/r1.81.31.7
DRV/r+2NRTIs0.11.01.4

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CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Mean Changes From Baseline at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24,36 and 48 Weeks.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 4 Change from BaselineWeek 8 Change from BaselineWeek 12 Change from BaselineWeek 16 Change from BaselineWeek 24 Change from BaselineWeek 36 Change from BaselineWeek 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)338.32.3-25.0-18.90.524.522.747.3

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Median Change From Baseline in LDL Cholesterol at Week 48.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)100.0-9.0

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CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 4 Change from BaselineWeek 8 Change from BaselineWeek 12 Change from BaselineWeek 16 Change from BaselineWeek 24 Change from BaselineWeek 36 Change from BaselineWeek 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)301.0-12.0-32.0-17.0-7.019.038.063.5

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Median Change From Baseline in Glucose at Week 48.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)92.51.0

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Median Change From Baseline in HDL Cholesterol.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)47.5-2.5

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Proportion of Patients Who Maintain Plasma HIV Viral Load Measurements < 400 Copies/ml at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks After Switching to DRV/r and ETR, Missing Equals Failure.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 2Week 4Week 8Week 12Week 16Week 24Week 36Week 48Post-Treatment Follow Up
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)10010010090809090908090

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Median Change From Baseline in Triglycerides at Week 48.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)229.0-24.5

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Proportion of Patients Who Have Viral Load Measurements <50 Copies/ml at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 Weeks After Switching to DRV/r and ETR, Missing Equals Failure.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 2Week 4Week 8Week 12Week 16Week 24Week 36Week 48Post-Treatment Follow Up
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)100909090809090908090

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Median Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol at Week 48.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)189.0-27.5

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Median Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC) / High Denisty Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio at Week 48.

(NCT00460746)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionratio of TC and HDL (Median)
Baseline (Day 1)Week 48 Change from Baseline
Darunavir(TMC114)/Eravirine(TMC125)4.7-0.3

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Change in log10 Viral Load From Baseline at Week 48

(NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

,
Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Median)
Log10 Viral Load at baselineLog10 Viral Load change from baseline at Week 48
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily4.134-2.13
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily4.23-2.11

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Number of Participants Developing Mutations at Endpoint

Development of Mutations in Virologic Failures (Plasma Viral Load less than 50 Copies/mL) at endpoint. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV resistance-associated mutation (RAM)Primary (major) protease inhibitor (PI) mutationsProtease inhibitor (PI) RAMsNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily0043
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily1174

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Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline

CD4+ cell count was calculated using the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) algorithm. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 Weeks

,
Intervention10e6/l (Median)
Value at BaselineCD4+ cell count change from baseline at Week 48
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily23694
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily219100

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Change From Baseline in Total Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) Score

The FAHI is a 44-item questionnaire and incorporates 5 functional scales (physical well-being, emotional well-being/living with HIV, functional and global well-being, social well-being, and cognitive functioning). Each scale included several questions (all 5 scales include total 44 questions). For each question, participants gave a score of either 0 (not at all), 1 (a little bit), 2 (somewhat), 3 (quite a bit) and 4 (very much). Total FAHI imputed score is calculated by adding scores for each question. The range of total FAHI score is 0 to 176. Higher scores indicate worsening. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Median)
FAHI score at baselineChange from baseline in FAHI score at Week 48
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily123.50.0
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily1292.5

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Area Under the Curve From the Time of Study Medication Administration Upto 24 Hour Postdose (AUC24h) of DRV and Rtv

Pharmacokinetic parameter AUC24h was assessed from the time of study medication administration upto 24 hour postdose. Population Pharmacokinetic Estimates of DRV and rtv were evaluated. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 0 hour predose and 1 hour post dose measured at Weeks 4 and 24. Any time point measured at Weeks 8 and 48.

,
Interventionng*h/mL (Median)
Population Pharmacokinetic Estimates of DRVPopulation Pharmacokinetic Estimates of rtv
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily10940112588
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily877885776

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Virological Response at Week 48 (Number of Participants With Plasma Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) - as Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm

The TLOVR algorithm was used to derive response, ie, response and loss of response needed to be confirmed at 2 consecutive visits and participants who permanently discontinued were considered nonresponders after discontinuation. Participants with intermittent missing viral load values were considered responders if the preceeding and succeeding visits indicated response. In all other cases, intermittent values were imputed with nonresponse. Resuppression after confirmed virologic failure was considered as failure in this algorithm. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily212
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily210

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Virologic Response at Week 48 (Viral Load Less Than 400 Copies/mL)

Number of participants with confirmed plasma viral load less than 400 copies/mL at Week 48. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily226
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily227

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Time to Loss of Virologic Response

Time taken to lose the virologic response ie, plasma viral load less than 50 copies/mL by participants. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionDays (Mean)
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily250.235
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily281.743

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Time to Reach First Virologic Response

Time (in weeks) to achieve viral load less than 50 copies/mL by the participants. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily85
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily85

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Time-averaged Difference (DAVG) of log10 Plasma Viral Load Over 48 Weeks

(NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Least Squares Mean)
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily-1.77
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily-1.74

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Percentage of Participants Adherent/Non-adherent to ARV as Determined by Modified Medication Adherence Self Report Inventory (M-MASRI) Questionnaire at Week 48

Self-reported adherence to the ARV medications was measured. The M-MASRI asks participants to report the number of doses taken, as well as the number of doses taken during the last 30 days prior to the study visit by means of a horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS) that generates a self-rated percentage of doses of all the ARV medications taken during the past 30 days. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
AdherentNon-adherent
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily60.339.7
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily67.432.6

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Predose Plasma Concentration (C0h) of DRV and Rtv.

Pharmacokinetic parameter C0h was assessed. Population Pharmacokinetic Estimates of DRV and rtv were evaluated. (NCT00524368)
Timeframe: 0 hour predose and 1 hour post dose measured at Weeks 4 and 24. Any time point measured at Weeks 8 and 48

,
Interventionng/mL (Median)
Population Pharmacokinetic Estimates of DRVPopulation Pharmacokinetic Estimates of rtv
DRV/Rtv 600/100 mg Twice Daily3197307
DRV/Rtv 800/100 mg Once Daily189659

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The Primary Outcome of This Study is the Proportion of Patients Having Detectable HIV-1 RNA Using the Single Copy Assay After 48 Weeks of Treatment and the Study Hypothesis is That New Treatment is Better Than the Control Group.

(NCT00525733)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Intervention# subjects without detectable viremia (Number)
3-drug Standard Therapy3
5-drug Experimental Therapy9

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Number of Participants Contributing to the Pharmacokinetic (PK) Evaluations: Cmin, Cmax, AUC24 & Css,av

At visit Days 14 & 28, samples were collected pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 hours post-dose. An additional sample was taken at 24 hours (Day 15 or 29 as applicable) post-dose. (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment A: TMC125 + TDF/FTC23
Treatment B: TMC125 + TDF/FTC + DRV/Rtv21

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Log10 Viral Load (HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL): Mean Changes From Baseline(ITT-Observed Case)

Log10 Viral Load (HIV-1 RNA copies/mL): Mean Changes From Baseline(ITT-Observed Case). (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 8, 14, 22, 28 & 42 and Week 48

Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Baseline (n=23)Day 8 (n=19)Day 14 (n=21)Day 22 (n=19)Day 28 (n=20)Day 42 (n=20)Week 48 (n=13)
TDF/FTC +/- TMC125 +/- DRV/Rtv4.19-1.41-1.71-1.77-1.86-2.04-2.30

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Glucose- Insulin

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Glucose- Insulin.~Normal Range: 3.0 - 27.0 ulU/mL" (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipant (Number)
Below 3.0 ulU/mLAbove 27.0 ulU/mL
Optional Extension13
Treatment A11
Treatment B23
Treatment C12

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Virologic Response < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (ITT-Observed Case)

Virologic Response < 50 HIV-1 RNA Copies/mL (ITT-Observed Case). (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 8, 14, 22, 28, 42 and Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Day 8 (n=19)Day 14 (n=21)Day 22 (n=19)Day 28 (n=20)Day 42 (n=20)Week 48 (n=13)
TDF/FTC +/- TMC125 +/- DRV/Rtv0346710

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Triglycerides

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Triglycerides.~Worst Grade is based on the DAIDS toxicity grading scale, 0-5 : No Toxicity-Death." (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 48 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2
Optional Extension00
Treatment A00
Treatment B00
Treatment C00

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Direct

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Grade): Lipids- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Direct.~Worst Grade is based on the DAIDS toxicity grading scale, 0-5 : No Toxicity-Death." (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2
Optional Extension11
Treatment A00
Treatment B00
Treatment C11

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Lipids- Total Cholesteral

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Lipids- Total Cholesteral.~Worst Grade is based on the DAIDS toxicity grading scale, 0-5 : No Toxicity-Death." (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2
Optional Extension10
Treatment A00
Treatment B00
Treatment C20

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose-Hyperglycemia

"Number of Participants with Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose-Hyperglycemia.~Worst Grade is based on the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) toxicity grading scale, 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 : None, Mild, Moderate, Severe, Life-threatening and Death." (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2
Optional Extension21
Treatment A11
Treatment B20
Treatment C01

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose- Hypoglycemia

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Worst Grade): Glucose- Hypoglycemia.~Worst Grade is based on the DAIDS toxicity grading scale 0-5: No Toxicity-Death." (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2
Optional Extension10
Treatment A00
Treatment B21
Treatment C00

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CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 Cell/L): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline (ITT-Observed Case)

CD4+ Cell Count (x 10^6 cell/L): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline (ITT-Observed Case). (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 8, 14, 22, 28 & 42 ans Week 48

Interventionx 10^6 cell/L (Median)
Baseline (n=23)Day 8 (n=20)Day 14 (n=20)Day 22 (n=20)Day 28 (n=21)Day 42 (n=19)Week 48 (n=14)
TDF/FTC +/- TMC125 +/- DRV/Rtv403.045.594.059.062.056.0160.0

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CD4+ Cell Count (Percent): Baseline and Median Changes From Baseline (ITT-Observed Case)

(NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 8, 14, 22, 28 & 42 and Week 48

InterventionPercent Change from Baseline (Median)
Baseline (n=23)Day 8 (n=20)Day 14 (n=20)Day 22 (n=20)Day 28 (n=21)Day 42 (n=19)Week 48 (n=14)
TDF/FTC +/- TMC125 +/- DRV/Rtv26.20.14.21.83.04.23.8

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Lipids- High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)

"Number of participants with Treatment-Emergent Non-Graded Laboratory Abnormalities(Worst Abnormality): Lipids- High-density lipoprotein (HDL).~Normal Range:~40 - 59 mG/dL 1.03 - 1.53 mmol/L" (NCT00534352)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 42 and Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Below 40 mG/dL (1.03 mmol/L)Above 59 mG/dL (1.53 mmol/L)
Optional Extension21
Treatment A40
Treatment B80
Treatment C60

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Number of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml

Number of participants with plasma HIV-1 Viral load < 50 copies/mL at study visit weeks 24, 48, and 96. Closest observed result between 20 and up to 30 weeks (for week 24), between 42 and up to 54 (for week 48), and between 90 and up to 110 (for week 96) used if multiple results available. Missing values excluded. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: At Weeks 24, 48, 96

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 24: Number with RNA < 50 c/mL (N=170; N=171)Week 48: Number with RNA < 50 c/mL (N=169; N=165)Week 96: Number with RNA < 50 c/mL (N=158; N=158)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)122112107
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)117106109

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Time From Randomization to Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI Component of Study Treatment

Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI component of Study Treatment is defined as permanently stopping all NRTIs among those randomized to add NRTIs, or starting any NRTI among those randomized to omit NRTIs. Subjects leaving the study for reasons other than death, relocation, incarceration, or site closure were reviewed for meeting this outcome by a blinded, independent panel. Additionally, any participant failing to start study treatment after randomization and prior to closure was also reviewed. Event times were scheduled study weeks when discontinuation events occurred. Censoring times were latest scheduled study visit weeks with evaluation. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From randomization to week 96 study visit

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)036NA
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)03648

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Time From Treatment Dispensation to First Grade 3 or Higher (and at Least One Grade Higher Than Baseline) Signs/Symptom or Laboratory Abnormality

Events following permanent discontinuation of NRTI assignment are excluded (i.e. censoring at time of this event, if applicable). Week 96 study visit could occur up to 110 weeks following randomization. Censoring time was the latest study visit when participant was evaluated or when NRTI assignment was discontinued (when applicable). Event time was the exact number of weeks following treatment initiation when the qualifying sign/symptom started (for those safety events triggered by a sign/symptom), or exact number of weeks following treatment initiation when specimen from qualifying laboratory result was drawn (for those safety events triggered by a laboratory abnormality). (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From treatment dispensation to week 96 study visit

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
5th percentile25th percentile50th percentile
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)3.124.7NA
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)3.925.397.7

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Time From Treatment Dispensation to First Study ARV Modification (Excluding NRTIs, if Applicable)

First study ARV modification included any discontinuation or substitution of any chosen and initiated ARV for any reason. Events prompting study medication change could include protocol required (e.g. safety), protocol recommended but not required (e.g. virologic failure), or participant motivated (such as non-adherence, loss to follow-up or death; in other words, not protocol recommended or required). Event times were the exact weeks from treatment initiation to the time of qualifying regimen modification. Censoring times were the exact weeks from treatment initiation to the last date of study drugs. The week 96 (final study visit) could occur up through 110 weeks following randomization. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From treatment dispensation to week 96 study visit

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)9.031.198.0
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)24.038.0NA

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Time From Treatment Dispensation to Serious Non-AIDS-defining Events

Serious Non-AIDS defining Events were adjudicated by independent and blinded review and possible events included serious diagnoses in the following disease areas: liver, cardiovascular, end-stage renal, non-AIDS malignancy, and diabetes mellitus. Week 96 study visit could take place up to 110 weeks following randomization. Event times were the exact weeks following treatment initiation corresponding to the diagnosis dates of the qualifying serious non-AIDS defining events. Censoring times were the weeks following treatment initiation corresponding to the latest study visit. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to week 96 study visit

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)4.960.0
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)29.3NA

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Change in Summarized Quality of Life Score

Quality-of-life score at each evaluation based upon a single question assessing participants' self-report of general health with a range of 0 (representing worst health status) to 100 (representing perfect health). (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: At study entry and Weeks 24, 48, 96

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Change from baseline to week 24 (N=165; N=165)Change from baseline to week 48 (N=161; N=158)Change from baseline to week 96 (N=155; N=154)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)000
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)500.5

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Number of Participants Self-reporting Non-adherence to Assigned Study ARVS (Excluding NRTIs, if Applicable)

Results represent self-report of non-adherence during the 4-day period prior to the outcome evaluation visit. Participants in follow-up for whom these data are missing for any reason are inferred as not-adherent. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: At Weeks 24 and 48

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 24 (N=170; N=172)Week 48 (N=167; N=163)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)2530
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)2626

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Time From Randomization to Confirmed Virological Failure

Virologic failure defined as confirmed (two consecutive) plasma HIV-1 RNA meeting 1 of the following 4 criteria: < 1.0 log10 copies/mL reduction from baseline level and >= 200 copies/mL at or after week 12 evaluation; >= 200 copies/mL after 1 measurement < 200 copies/mL; absence of any values < 200 copies/mL by and including week 24 evaluation; >= 200 copies/mL at week 48 evaluation. Event time was the scheduled study visit week when the initial plasma HIV-1 RNA specimen meeting the failure definition was collected. Censoring time was the latest scheduled study visit week when a plasma HIV-1 RNA specimen was collected and tested. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From randomization to week 96 study visit

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)121248
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)121248

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Change in Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load From Baseline to Week 1

Method of Kaplan and Meier used to accommodate left-censoring for those whose week 1 levels < 50 copies/mL. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From baseline to Week 1 evaluation

Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Median)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)1.3
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)1.4

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Number of Participants With Change in Virus Co-receptor Tropism Among Those With R5-only Tropic Virus at Study Entry

HIV Co-receptor tropism test result of either dual/mixed or evidence of X4 using virus from sample collected at confirmed virologic failure. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From study entry to time of confirmed virological failure (up to 96 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)3
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)2

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Participants With Newly Acquired HIV Drug Resistance Between Study Entry and Confirmed Virologic Failure

Defined among the subgroup of participants experiencing the outcome of confirmed virologic failure. Newly acquired HIV drug resistance is defined as one or more ARVs with partial resistance or resistance when pre-entry resistance was fully sensitive or resistant when pre-entry resistance was fully sensitive or partially sensitive. The ARVs included for resistance acquisition included the following: darunavir/ritonavir; etravirine, tipranavir, tenofovir, emtracitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: Between baseline and confirmed virologic failure (up to 96 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)18
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)13

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Percent of Participants With Regimen Failure, Defined as a Confirmed Virologic Failure or Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI Component of Study Treatment

Virologic failure defined as confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA meeting 1 of the following 4 criteria: < 1.0 log10 copies/mL reduction from baseline level and >= 200 copies/mL at or after week 12 evaluation; >= 200 copies/mL after 1 measurement < 200 copies/mL; absence of any values < 200 copies/mL by and including week 24 evaluation; >= 200 copies/mL at week 48 evaluation. Discontinuation of Randomized NRTI component of Study Treatment is defined as permanently stopping all NRTIs among those randomized to add NRTIs, or starting any NRTI among those randomized to omit NRTIs. Subjects leaving the study for reasons other than death, relocation, incarceration, or site closure were reviewed for the discontinuation outcome by a blinded, independent panel. Additionally, any participant failing to start study treatment after randomization and prior to closure was also reviewed. Results report percent of participants reaching regimen failure outcome by week 48 evaluation using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From study entry to end of Week 48 evaluation window

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)26.0
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)29.8

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Change in Cardiovascular Risk Score From Baseline

Cardiovascular risk score defined by Framingham providing an estimate of the probability of developing cardiovascular disease over the next 10-year period. Persons with a historical cardiovascular event (CAD, cerebro- or peripheral- vascular disorder, MI or stroke), were excluded, and scores were not calculated at follow-up times after individuals had a cardiovascular event. Missing values for input data (e.g. smoking status) resulted in a missing value for Framingham score. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: At Weeks 24, 48, and 96

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24 (N= 150; N=147)Week 48 (N=143; N=144)Week 96 (N=129; N=132)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)-0.70.10.5
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)0.30.81.1

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Change in CD4 Count From Baseline

Baseline CD4 calculated as average of pre-entry and entry values. Closest observed result between 42 and up to 54 weeks (for week 48) or between 90 and up to 110 weeks (for week 96), used if multiple results available. Missing values excluded. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From study entry to Weeks 48 and 96

,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Change from entry to week 48 (N=166; N=163)Change from entry to week 96 (N= 154; N=157)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)105.5140.8
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)89.5115.5

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Change in Fasting Non-HDL Cholesterol From Baseline

Fasting non-HDL cholesterol calculated from difference between fasting total cholesterol and fasting HDL level. Missing values and non-fasting values excluded. (NCT00537394)
Timeframe: From study entry to Weeks 24, 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline to week 24 (N=131; N=121)Change from baseline to week 48 (N=125 ; N=117)
Add NRTIs (Randomized) to Individualized Regimen (cPSS > 2.0)4.17.6
Omit NRTIs (Randomized) From Individualized Regimen(cPSS > 2)20.819.8

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Economic Impact of a Substitution of Dual Boosted PIs With DRV/r

To assess the economic impact of DRV/r substitution for dual boosted PIs, we compared the average wholesale acquisition costs for the drugs in US Dollars ($) per month. The wholesale acquisition cost in US dollars ($) for each ART regimen was determined and the difference between the cost for the experimental and control groups was calculated and reported as US dollar savings per month. (NCT00543101)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionUS dollars savings per month (Number)
Switch to DRV/r217
Continue on Current Dual Boosted PI0

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The Percentage of Participants With Successful Virologic Suppression

Amount of HIV RNA copies per ml blood collected from subjects as measured by the Ultra-sensitive HIV-1 PCR (Roche Cobas). Successful virologic suppression is defined as < 50 copies/ml blood. The result is the percentage of participants with successful virologic suppression. (NCT00543101)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Switch to DRV/r100
Continue on Current Dual Boosted PI100

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Lipid Fraction Results, Mean of the Change From Baseline to Week 24.

We collected fasting total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides from all participants in both arms of the study. We calculated the differences between the values at week 24 and baseline for the participants in both arms. We reported the mean of the change from baseline to week 24. (NCT00543101)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Number)
Change in Total CholesterolChange in LDL-CholesterolChange in HDL-CholesterolChange in Triglycerides
Continue on Current Dual Boosted PI2210
Switch to DRV/r-6-4-1-13

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Treatment Satisfaction (+3, Much More Satisfied Now to -3, Much Less Satisfied Now)

Participants in the experimental arm completed treatment satisfaction questionnaires at 24 weeks, and the control arm at 48 weeks (24 weeks after mid-study crossover to boosted darunavir). The questionnaires used numeric satisfaction scales (+3 much more satisfied now to -3 much less satisfied now). We reported the median and ranges for each question for each study arm. (NCT00543101)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (+3 to -3) (Median)
How satisfied are your with your current treatmentHow satisfied are you with any side-effectsHow convenient is your treatmentHow well does your treatment fit your lifestyleWould you recommend your treatment to someone elseHow likely are you to continue your treatment
Crossover Week 482.52.5332.52.5
Switch to DRV/r323333

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Ritonavir Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval

AUC of ritonavir over a 12-hour dosing interval. (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 15239
SLCO1B1 Group 27178
SLCO1B1 Group 37907

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Relative Change in Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Cmax of pravastatin when administered with darunavir/ritonavir divided by the Cmax of pravastatin when administered alone. (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 11.11
SLCO1B1 Group 21.69
SLCO1B1 Group 32.32

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Relative Change in Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval

AUC of pravastatin when administered with darunavir/ritonavir divided by AUC of pravastatin when administered alone. The AUC was measured over a 24-hour dosing interval. (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 11.09
SLCO1B1 Group 21.59
SLCO1B1 Group 31.75

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Pravastatin + Darunavir/Ritonavir: Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval

Dosing interval of 24 hours (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*h/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 168.4
SLCO1B1 Group 2106.8
SLCO1B1 Group 3145.7

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Darunavir Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval

AUC of darunavir over a 12-hour dosing interval. (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose

Interventionng*h/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 158552
SLCO1B1 Group 263679
SLCO1B1 Group 360156

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Darunavir Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Cmax of darunavir over a 12-hour dosing interval (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 17770
SLCO1B1 Group 28047
SLCO1B1 Group 37789

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Pravastatin Alone: Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

(NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 127.7
SLCO1B1 Group 233.3
SLCO1B1 Group 346.2

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Pravastatin Alone: Pravastatin Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over the Dosing Interval

Dosing interval of 24 hours (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*h/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 163
SLCO1B1 Group 286.6
SLCO1B1 Group 3123.4

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Pravastatin + Darunavir/Ritonavir: Pravastatin Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

(NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 130.1
SLCO1B1 Group 242.4
SLCO1B1 Group 352.8

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Ritonavir Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Cmax of ritonavir over a 12-hour dosing interval (NCT00630734)
Timeframe: 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
SLCO1B1 Group 1844
SLCO1B1 Group 21143
SLCO1B1 Group 31279

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Antiviral Activity, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA.

Number of Participants with antiviral activity, human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA less than (<) 50 copies per milliliters (copies/mL) or < 400 copies/mL. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionnumber of participants (Number)
Week12: HIV-1 RNA Less Than (<) 50 copies/mLWeek 12: HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mLWeek 48: HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mLWeek 48: HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mL
Atazanavir19292224
Darunavir13282528

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Change From Baseline in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Direct in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.

Observed Values (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline (n=28, 27)Change at Week 12 (n=27, 27)Change at Week 48 (n=26, 22)
Atazanavir100.29.613.9
Darunavir84.613.614.7

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Change From Baseline in Insulin at Week 12 and 48.

Participants insulin was analyzed at Baseline and Week 12 and 48 and change from Baseline at Week 12 and 48 were reported. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
InterventionIU/mL (Mean)
Baseline (n=33,30)Change at Week 12 (n=30,29)Change at Week 48 (n=28,24)
Atazanavir8.590.70-2.88
Darunavir5.96-1.070.95

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Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) at Week 12 and 48.

Participants homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed and change from Baseline were reported. HOMA-IR score was calculated as: (fasting plasma glucose*fasting serum insulin)/22.5. Low HOMA IR values indicate high insulin sensitivity and high HOMA IR values indicate low insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance). (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
InterventionHOMA-IR score (Mean)
Baseline (n=27,22)Change at Week 12 (n=20,21)Change at Week 48 (n=19,14)
Atazanavir2.9430.105-1.236
Darunavir1.624-0.4830.035

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Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA Viral Load at Week 12 and 48.

the HIV-1 RNA viral load was calculated using Log Base 10 transformed HIV-1 RNA observed values. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
InterventionLog10 HIV RNA (Mean)
Baseline (n=34,31)Change at Week 12 (n=32,30)Change at Week 48 (n=29,24)
Atazanavir4.562-2.605-2.902
Darunavir5.016-2.955-3.269

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Change From Baseline in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.

Observed Values (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline (n=28,27)Change at Week 12 (n=27,27)Change at Week 48 (n=26,22)
Atazanavir45.02.23.7
Darunavir37.96.66.0

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Change From Baseline in Glucose at Week 12 and 48.

Participants glucose level was analyzed at Baseline and Week 12 and 48. Change from Baseline at Week 12 and 48 was reported. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline (n=33,30)Change at Week 12 (n=30,29)Change at Week 48 (n=28,24)
Atazanavir89.75.86.4
Darunavir88.51.52.8

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Triglyceride (TG) Levels in the Lipid Evaluable (LE) Set at Week12

Observed values. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

,
Interventionmilligram per deciliters (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline (n=28,27)Change at Week 12 (n=27,27)
Atazanavir114.28.1
Darunavir113.722.0

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Percent at Week 12 and 48, Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF).

Participants' Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 percent were observed at baseline and the change values at Week 12 and 48 was calculated using LOCF. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionpercentage of CD4 cells (Mean)
Baseline (n=34,31)Change at Week 12 (n=32,30)Change at Week 48 (n=29,25)
Atazanavir21.44.58.5
Darunavir18.65.99.6

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Cell Count at Week 12 and 48, Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF).

Participants' Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Cell Count were observed at baseline and the change values at Week 12 and 48 was calculated using LOCF. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventioncells/uL (Mean)
Baseline (n=34,31)Change at Week 12 (n=34,31)Change at Week 48 (n=34,31)
Atazanavir326.774.6187.7
Darunavir268.3103.4194.9

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Number of Participants With Antiviral Activity, HIV-1 RNA, Missing Values as Treatment Failure (M=F)

Number of participants with antiviral activity, HIV-1 RNA, missing values as treatment failure (Missing = Failure) were observed. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionnumber of participants (Number)
Week 12: HIV-1 RNA Less Than (<) 50 copies/mLWeek 12: HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mLWeek 48: HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mLWeek 48: HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mL
Atazanavir19282224
Darunavir13282528

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Change From Baseline in CD4 Cell Count at Week 12 and 48, Observed Values.

Participants' Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 Cell Count were at baseline and the change values at Week 12 and 48 were observed. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventioncells/micro L (Mean)
Baseline (n=34,31)Change at Week 12 (n=32,29)Change at Week 48 (n=29,25)
Atazanavir326.768.3205.3
Darunavir268.3111.1217.4

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Change From Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.

Observed Values (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventiongrams per liters (g/L) (Mean)
Baseline (n=28,27)Change at Week 12 (n=27,27)Change at Week 48 (n=26,22)
Atazanavir1.3-0.0070.0
Darunavir1.10.10.1

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Change From Baseline in Apolipoprotein B in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.

Observed Values (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventiong/L (Mean)
Baseline (n=28,27)Change at Week 12 (n=27,27)Change at Week 48 (n=26,22)
Atazanavir0.8-0.050.0
Darunavir0.7-0.0040.0

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Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC) Levels in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48

Observed Values (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline (n= 28, 27)Change at Week 12 (n= 27, 27)Change at Week 48 (n= 26, 22)
Atazanavir165.14.611.8
Darunavir141.820.322.3

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Change From Baseline in TC/HDL Ratio in the LE Set at Week 12 and 48.

Participants TC and HDL was analyzed at Baseline and Week 12 and 48. Change from Baseline at Week 12 and 48 was calculated as ratio using observed values. (NCT00757783)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and 48

,
Interventionratio (Mean)
Baseline (n=28,27)Change at Week 12 (n=27,27)Change at Week 48 (n=26,22)
Atazanavir3.9-0.1-0.1
Darunavir4.1-0.10.1

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Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol Level From Baseline

Only fasting results are included. Change was calculated as the fasting total cholesterol at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline fasting total cholesterol. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
week 48 (nA=521, nB=542, nC=507)week 96 (nA=490, nB=505, nC=490)week 144 (nA=364, nB=397, nC=363)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF131620
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF136
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF151419

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose Level From Baseline

Only fasting results are included. Change was calculated as the fasting plasma glucose at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline fasting plasma glucose. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
week 48 (nA=517, nB=535, nC=506)week 96 (nA=489, nB=499, nC=481)week 144 (nA=353, nB=392, nC=358)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.23.02.2
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF1.30.90.9
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.12.53.6

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Change in Fasting HDL Cholesterol Level From Baseline

Only fasting results are included. Change was calculated as the fasting HDL cholesterol at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline fasting HDL cholesterol. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
week 48 (nA=522, nB=542, nC=506)week 96 (nA=490, nB=505, nC=488)week 144 (nA=364, nB=397, nC=363)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF678
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF566
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF557

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CD4+ T-cell Count Changes From Baseline

Change was calculated as the CD4+ T-cell count at week (24, 48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline CD4+ T-cell count (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 24, 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
week 24 (nA=582, nB=574, nC=579)week 48 (nA=564, nB=565, nC=559)week 96 (nA=523, nB=541, nC=525)week 144 (nA=395, nB=418, nC=394)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF157218284324
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF153218288325
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF147201256288

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Cumulative Incidence of Discontinuation of the RAL or PI Component of Randomized Treatment for Toxicity by Week 96

The cumulative incidence of discontinuation for toxicity by week 96 was estimated using competing risks with treatment discontinuation for other reasons considered as a competing event; participants completing the study on the RAL or PI component of their randomized regimen were considered censored at the earliest of the date of last patient contact and off study date. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Interventioncumulative events per 100 persons (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF14
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF1
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF5

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CD4+ T-cell Count

The absolute levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (cells/mm3) (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: At Weeks 24, 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
week 24 (nA=582, nB=574, nC=579)week 48 (nA=564, nB=565, nC=559)week 96 (nA=523, nB=541, nC=525)week 144 (nA=395, nB=418, nC=394)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF462524587622
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF460526596631
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF457509564596

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Presence of Mutations Associated With ATV/RTV or DRV/RTV Resistance

The number of participants with ATV/RTV or DRV/RTV resistance determined by the Stanford resistance scoring algorithm (Version 6.3). All sequencing was performed regardless of status on randomized treatment at the time of virologic failure; no sequencing was performed on subjects not meeting virologic failure. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: At the virologic failure at any time throughout the study (up to 213 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF0
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0

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Presence of Mutations Associated With NRTI Resistance

The number of participants with NRTI resistance determined by the Stanford resistance scoring algorithm (Version 6.3). All sequencing was performed regardless of status on randomized treatment at the time of virologic failure; no sequencing was performed on subjects not meeting virologic failure. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: At the virologic failure at any time throughout the study (up to 213 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF8
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF7
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF3

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Presence of Mutations Associated With INI Resistance

The number of participants with INI resistance determined by the Stanford resistance scoring algorithm (Version 6.3). All sequencing was performed regardless of status on randomized treatment at the time of virologic failure; no sequencing was performed on subjects not meeting virologic failure. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: At the virologic failure at any time throughout the study (up to 213 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF1
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF1
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF1

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Incidence of Targeted Serious Non-AIDS Defining Events (Renal Failure, Liver Disease, Serious Metabolic Disorder, and CVD)

The incidence of targeted serious non-AIDS defining events was estimated as number of incident events over total person years of follow-up. Multiple new events for a single subject were counted toward events totals in estimation of event incidence; generalized estimating equations were used to estimation of robust standard errors for the incidence. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to off-study at any time throughout the study (up to 213 weeks), participant follow-up time was variable

Interventionevents per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.38
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF2.24
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.69

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Self-reported Adherence

Self-reported percentage of anti-HIV medications participant had taken during the last month at weeks 4, 24, 48, 96, and 144. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: At Weeks 4, 24, 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionpercentage of prescribed medication (Mean)
week 4 (nA=584, nB=590, nC=583)week 24 (nA=570, nB=568, nC=562)week 48 (nA=555, nB=547, nC=536)week 96 (nA=508, nB=525, nC=507)week 144 (nA=361, nB=376, nC=350)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF9897969697
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF9797979697
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF9896969698

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Incidence of Death or AIDS Defining Events (CDC Category C)

The incidence of death or AIDS defining events (CDC category C) was estimated as number of incident events over total person years of follow-up. Multiple new events for a single subject were counted toward events totals in estimation of event incidence; generalized estimating equations were used to estimation of robust standard errors for the incidence. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to off-study at any time throughout the study (up to 213 weeks), participant follow-up time was variable

Interventionevents per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF1.55
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF1.64
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.14

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Cumulative Probability of Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) by Week 96

"The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of TROVR by week 96.~A composite TLOVR endpoint defined in the CDER of the FDA document Guidance for Industry - Antiretroviral Drugs Using Plasma HIV RNA Measurements - Clinical Consideration for Accelerated and Traditional Approval (Appendix B, pages 20) http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm070968.pdf.~If participants never achieved a confirmed HIV-1 RNA≤200 cp/mL (on two consecutive visits) prior to death, permanent discontinuation of randomized treatment, or time of last available HIV-1 RNA evaluation, TLOVR was equal to 0; otherwise, TLOVR was the earliest time of permanent discontinuation of randomized treatment prior to study close-out period, time to confirmed levels >200 cp/mL, or time to death. If TLOVR is immediately preceded by a single missing scheduled visit or multiple consecutive missing scheduled visits, TLOVR is replaced by the first such missing visit." (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Interventioncumulative probability per 100 persons (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF31
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF16
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF24

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Cumulative Probability of First Virologic Failure by Week 96

"The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of virologic failure by week 96.~Time to virologic failure was defined as the first time from study entry to the first of two consecutive HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL at or after week 16 and before week 24, or >200 copies/mL at or after week 24. Week 16 is defined to occur between 14 (98 days) and 18 weeks (126 days) after study entry, week 24 is defined to occur between 22 (154 days) and 26 (182 days) after study entry, and week 96 is defined to occur between 88 (616 days) and 104 (728 days) after study entry." (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Interventioncumulative probability per 100 persons (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF13
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF10
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF15

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Change in Waist:Height Ratio From Baseline

Change was calculated as the waist:height ratio at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline waist:height ratio. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventioncm:cm (Mean)
week 48 (nA=555, nB=551, nC=547)week 96 (nA=512, nB=526, nC=517)week 144 (nA=425, nB=419, nC=409)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.010.020.02
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.020.020.02
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.010.020.02

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Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline

Change was calculated as the waist circumference (based on mid-waist circumference) at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline waist circumference. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventioncm (Mean)
week 48 (nA=555, nB=551, nC=547)week 96 (nA=512, nB=526, nC=517)week 144 (nA=425, nB=419, nC=409)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.33.33.6
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF3.14.04.0
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF2.12.83.4

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Change in Framingham 10-year Risk of MI or Coronary Death From Baseline

"Only risk score estimated with fasting lipid results were included. Change was calculated as the Framingham 10-year risk of MI or coronary death at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline Framingham 10-year risk of MI or coronary death. Framingham 10-year risk of MI or coronary death was calculated using Hear Coronary Heart Disease (10-year risk) found at https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk-functions/coronary-heart-disease/hard-10-year-risk.php.~Framingham 10-year risk of MI or coronary death was calculated according to age, laboratory values of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and treatment for hypertension. The Framingham 10-year risk of MI or coronary death was calculated as: for males: <0 point (<1 percent risk) up to ≥17 points (≥30 percent risk); whereas for females: <9 points (<1 percent risk) up to ≥25 points (≥30 percent risk). Higher scores indicate high cardiovascular risk." (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionpercent risk (Mean)
week 48 (nA=509, nB=537, nC=492)week 96 (nA=479, nB=493, nC=470)week 144 (nA=347, nB=383, nC=349)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.40.50.6
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.00.20.4
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.40.40.9

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Change in Fasting Triglycerides Level From Baseline

Only fasting results are included. Change was calculated as the fasting triglycerides at week (48, 96, and 144) minus the baseline fasting triglycerides. (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
week 48 (nA=522, nB=542, nC=507)week 96 (nA=490, nB=505, nC=490)week 144 (nA=364, nB=397, nC=363)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF181912
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF-9-9-4
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF161620

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Cumulative Incidence of First Adverse Event by Week 96

"The cumulative incidence of first adverse event (with and without total bilirubin and creatine kinase and measured from study entry) by week 96 was estimated using methods for competing risks. Discontinuation of randomized treatment prior to an adverse event was considered a competing event.~The time to the first of any post-entry Grade 2, 3, or 4 sign or symptom, or Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormality while on randomization. The protocol required reporting of signs and symptoms and laboratory values as follow: all signs and symptoms grade ≥2 post-entry to week 48, signs and symptoms grade >3 after week 48, and laboratory values grade >3 and all signs, symptoms, and laboratory values that led to a change in treatment, regardless of grade throughout out all post-entry follow-up." (NCT00811954)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Interventioncumulative events per 100 persons (Number)
Arm A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF81
Arm B: RAL + FTC/TDF59
Arm C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF65

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Average Observed Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc

Cavg was described as area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time zero to time 24 hours (AUC24) divided by the dosing interval (AUC24/ 24). (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Day 14 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dose)

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir185.10

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HIV-1 RNA Levels at Baseline

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir84982
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir114827

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Day 14 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dose)

Interventionnanogram (ng)/mL (Median)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir650

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Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmin) of Maraviroc

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Day 14 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dose)

Interventionng/mL (Median)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir37.0

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Number of Participants With Genotypic Resistance

Genotypic resistance was assessed for all participants at screening and was evaluated for protease inhibitors (PIs), Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) using Monogram GenoSeq and/or PhenoSenseGT assays. This was then repeated for all participants with HIV-1 viral load more than 500 copies/mL either at treatment failure or at early termination, up to Week 96. (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 96 or Time of treatment failure

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir0
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir0

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma Human Immuno Deficiency Virus-1 Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-1 RNA) Levels Less Than 50 Copies/Milliliter (mL)

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir74.60
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir83.60

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Time to Loss of Virological Response (TLOVR)

TLOVR (virological failure) was defined as the time from first dose of study treatment (Day 1) until the time of virologic failure using the time to loss of virologic response algorithm. (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 96

InterventionDays (Mean)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir436.2
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir463.8

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4+T Lymphocyte (CD4) Cell Counts at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16, Week 24, Week 48, Week 96

,
Interventioncells/microliter (cells/mcL) (Mean)
Baseline (n= 59, 61)Change at Week 16 (n= 54, 58)Change at Week 24 (n= 54, 57)Change at Week 48 (n= 52, 53)Change at Week 96 (n= 50, 51)
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir390.00139.80173.30226.60298.50
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir357.70169.60188.90215.70287.50

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 8+T Lymphocyte (CD8) Cell Count at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16, Week 24, Week 48, Week 96

,
Interventioncells/mcL (Mean)
Baseline (n= 59, 61)Change at Week 16 (n= 54, 58)Change at Week 24 (n= 54, 57)Change at Week 48 (n= 52, 53)Change at Week 96 (n= 50, 51)
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir1125.60-153.80-178.00-267.60-231.40
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir931.1063.706.20-76.80-63.00

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Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA Levels of First 15 Participants at Days 4, 7, 10 and 14

Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated for first 15 participants enrolled at United States (U.S) sites only. (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline , Days 4, 7, 10 and 14

,
Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Change at Day 4Change at Day 7Change at Day 10Change at Day 14
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir-46479.40-52137.10-54925.90-55449.90
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir1800.00-36947.90-58595.80-47271.60

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Change From Baseline in Plasma log10 Viral Load at Weeks 16, 24, 48 and 96

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16, Week 24, Week 48, Week 96

,
Interventionlog10 copies/ml (Mean)
Baseline (n= 59, 61)Change at Week 16 (n= 54, 58)Change at Week 24 (n= 56, 58)Change at Week 48 (n= 53, 54)Change at Week 96 (n= 49, 51)
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir114827-107684.6-110498.1-115582.9-99662.6
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir84982-89859.1-87241.2-82343.4-80117.7

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Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Tropism Status Using Trofile Assay

Viral tropism was determined using the trofile assay with enhanced sensitivity for participants with HIV-1 RNA greater than equal to 1000 copies/mL. The enhanced trofile assay had the sensitivity to detect 100 percent of spiked samples when C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 {CXCR4} [X4]-using HIV-1 RNA represented 0.3 percent of the total viral population. (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 96 or Time of treatment Failure

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
BaselineWeek 96 or Time of treatment Failure
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir610
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir600

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Percentage of Participants With Less Than 400 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16, Week 20, Week 24, Week 32, Week 40, Week 48, Week 60, Week 72, Week 84, Week 96

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 2 (n= 55, 60)Week 4 (n= 57, 60)Week 8 (n= 57, 59)Week 12 (n= 55, 59)Week 16 (n= 54, 58)Week 20 (n= 56, 57)Week 24 (n= 56, 58)Week 32 (n= 55, 57)Week 40 (n= 54, 55)Week 48 (n= 53, 54)Week 60 (n= 52, 53)Week 72 (n= 52, 53)Week 84 (n= 50, 52)Week 96 (n= 49, 51)
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir34.4352.4677.0588.5291.8093.4493.4493.4490.1686.8986.8985.2585.2583.61
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir27.1250.8579.6689.8388.1489.8391.5389.8391.5389.8386.4486.4481.3677.97

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Time-Averaged Difference (TAD) in log10 Viral Load

TAD was calculated as area under the curve of HIV divided by time period minus baseline HIV where HIV was denoted as HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL). (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 16, Week 24, Week 48, Week 96

,
Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Mean)
Week 16Week 24Week 48Week 96
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir-2.402-2.626-2.868-3.001
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir-2.459-2.663-2.897-2.998

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Number of Participants With Phenotypic Resistance

Phenotypic resistance was assessed for all participants at screening and was evaluated for PIs, NRTIs, and NNRTIs using Monogram GenoSeq and/or PhenoSenseGT assays. This was then repeated for all participants with HIV-1 viral load more than 500 copies/mL either at treatment failure or at early termination, up to Week 96. (NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 96 or Time of treatment failure

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir0
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir0

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Percentage of Participants With Less Than 50 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA

(NCT00827112)
Timeframe: Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16, Week 20, Week 24, Week 32, Week 40, Week 48, Week 60, Week 72, Week 84, Week 96

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 2 (n= 55, 60)Week 4 (n= 57, 60)Week 8 (n= 57, 59)Week 12 (n= 55, 59)Week 16 (n= 54, 58)Week 20 (n= 56, 57)Week 24 (n= 56, 58)Week 32 (n= 55, 57)Week 40 (n= 54, 55)Week 48 (n= 53, 54)Week 60 (n= 52, 53)Week 72 (n= 52, 53)Week 84 (n= 50, 52)Week 96 (n= 49, 51)
Atazanavir / Ritonavir + Emtricitabine / Tenofovir6.6021.3042.6062.3073.8083.6188.5288.5288.5283.6185.2581.9783.6181.97
Maraviroc+ Atazanavir / Ritonavir08.5047.5061.0072.9071.2081.3679.6681.3674.5867.8074.5876.2767.80

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Number of Participants With Integrase Drug Resistance at Virologic Failure

Results report the number of participants who had integrase resistance mutation(s) detected at the time of virologic failure. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From 12 weeks after starting study treatment to week 52

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RAL+DRV/RTV5

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Number of Participants With Perfect Overall Adherence by Self Report

"At each study visit, adherence was measured in terms of the number of missed doses each participant had over a 4-day recall for each drug. Adherence for all study visit weeks were combined for an overall measure of adherence. Participants who had zero missed doses on all weeks in all drugs while on study were classified as having an overall perfect adherence." (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From one week after starting study treatment to week 52

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RAL + DRV/RTV95

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Change in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein at Week 24

Results report the week 24 change from week 0 (week 24 - week 0) fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For participants whose calculated fasting LDL and direct fasting LDL were both reported, only the calculated fasting LDL was used. Direct fasting LDL was reported when the participant had high fasting triglyceride. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment through week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
RAL + DRV/RTV16.0

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Proportion of Participants With Virologic Failure After Initiating RAL Plus DRV/RTV at or Prior to Week 24

Virologic failure is defined as: at week 12, confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA >= 1000 copies/ml or confirmed rebound from the week 4 value by >0.5 log10 copies/ml (for subjects with week 4 value <= 50 copies/ml, confirmed rebound to >50 copies/ml); at week 24 or later, confirmed value > 50 copies/ml. Viral load confirmation was scheduled 7-35 days after initial virologic failure. The proportion was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. An adaptation of Greenwood's variance estimate was used in constructing the confidence interval. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 24

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
RAL+DRV/RTV0.16

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Change in CD4 Count at Week 48

Results report the week 48 change from baseline (week 48 - baseline) in CD4 count. Baseline CD4 count was computed as the mean of CD4 count values at pre-entry and study entry. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment through week 48

Interventioncells/mm3 (Median)
RAL + DRV/RTV200

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/ml or <200 Copies/ml at Week 24

Results report the percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/ml or <200 copies/ml at week 24. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 24

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
With HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mlWith HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/ml
RAL+DRV/RTV0.790.93

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Change in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein at Week 48

Results report the week 48 change from week 0 (week 48 - week 0) fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For participants whose calculated fasting LDL and direct fasting LDL were both reported, only the calculated fasting LDL was used. Direct fasting LDL was reported when the participant had high fasting triglyceride. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment through week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
RAL + DRV/RTV17

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Change in Plasma HIV-1 RNA From Baseline to Week 1

Results report the week 1 change from baseline (week 1 - baseline) in HIV-1 RNA. Baseline HIV-1 RNA was computed as the mean of the log10 HIV-1 RNA values at pre-entry and study entry. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 1

Interventionlog10 copies/ml (Median)
RAL+DRV/RTV-1.67

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Proportion of Participants Who Experienced Signs/Symptoms or Laboratory Toxicities Grade 3 or Higher, or of Any Grade Which Led to a Permanent Change or Discontinuation of Study Treatment

Signs, symptoms and laboratory values were graded according to the Division of AIDS Adverse Event Grading System. Results report the percentage of participants who had grade 3 or higher events, or events of any grade which led to a permanent change or discontinuation of study treatment, which occurred any time from start of treatment to end of treatment. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 52

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
RAL+DRV/RTV0.20

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Plasma Trough Concentration of Raltegravir

Plasma trough concentrations (ng/ml) of Raltegravir (RAL) below the detection limit (10 ng/ml) were replaced by half the corresponding lower limit of quantitation. Geometric mean of trough concentrations obtained within the prescribed trough time (within 9-15 hours after the last RAL dose) was computed for each participant. For participants who experienced virologic failure (see primary outcome measure definition), only those concentrations on or before virologic failure confirmation were used in the geometric mean computation. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 52

Interventionng/ml (Median)
RAL+DRV/RTV117

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Plasma Trough Concentration of Darunavir

Plasma trough concentrations (ng/ml) of Darunavir (DRV) below the detection limit (50 ng/ml) were replaced by half the corresponding lower limit of quantitation. Geometric mean of trough concentrations obtained within the prescribed trough time (within 20-28 hours after the last DRV dose) was computed for each participant. For participants who experienced virologic failure (see primary outcome measure definition), only those concentrations on or before virologic failure confirmation were used in the geometric mean computation. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 52

Interventionng/ml (Median)
RAL+DRV/RTV1218

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Number of Participants With Protease Drug Resistance at Virologic Failure

Results report the number of participants who had protease resistance mutation(s) detected at the time of virologic failure. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From 12 weeks after starting study treatment to week 52

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RAL+DRV/RTV0

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Number of Participants With Pretreatment Drug Resistance

Results report the number of participants who had resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (NRTI) and protease inbitors (PI) based on genotypic resistance testing done prior to participant's entry into the study. Participants are classified into one (and only one category) based on the maximum number of drug class resistance seen for the participant. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: At screening

Interventionparticipants (Number)
With NNRTI mutations onlyWith NRTI mutations onlyWith Both NNRTI and NRTI mutationsWith PI mutations onlyWith PI, NNRTI and NRTI mutationsNo Resistance Detected
RAL + DRV/RTV9812191

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Changes in Fasting Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride at Week 48

Results report the week 48 change from week 0 (week 48 - week 0) fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment through week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Fasting Total CholesterolFasting High-density LipoproteinFasting Triglyceride
RAL + DRV/RTV30923

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Changes in Fasting Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride at Week 24

Results report the week 24 change from week 0 (week 24 - week 0) fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment through week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Fasting Total CholesterolFasting High-density LipoproteinFasting Triglyceride
RAL + DRV/RTV31.56.524.5

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Proportion of Participants With Virologic Failure or Off Study Treatment Regimen or Death at or Prior to Week 24

The proportion of participants with virologic failure (see primary outcome measure for definition) and/or premature treatment discontinuation/modification and/or death was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. An adaptation of Greenwood's variance estimate was used in constructing the confidence interval. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to Week 24

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
RAL+DRV/RTV0.21

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/ml or <200 Copies/ml at Week 48

Results report the percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml or <200 copies/ml at week 48. (NCT00830804)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment to week 48

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
With HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mlWith HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/ml
RAL+DRV/RTV0.710.86

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Change in CD4+ T-cell Count From Study Entry to Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144

Change was calculated as (CD4+ T-cell count at week 24, 48, 96, or 144) - (CD4+ T-cell count at study entry). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry to weeks 24, 48, 96, and 144

,,
Interventioncell/mm^3 (Median)
Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96Change from study entry to week 144
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF161209280305
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF133191247279
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF118194248227

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Change in Fasting Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

Calculated LDL-C (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in calculated LDL-C was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0212
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-3-2-1-1
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF1356

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Change in Fasting Glucose Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

Glucose (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96; all results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment. Change was calculated as (fasting result during at week 4, 24, 48 or 96) - (fasting result at study entry). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF3443
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF3446
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF2422

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Change in Fasting High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

HDL cholesterol (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in HDL-C was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-1324
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-2324
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-3014

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Change in Fasting Insulin Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

Insulin (unit of measure uIU/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96; all results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment. Change was calculated as (fasting result during at week 4, 24, 48 or 96) - (fasting result at study entry). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
InterventionuIU/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF4.04.04.03.5
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF3.03.03.03.0
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF3.02.03.02.0

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Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol (TC) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

Total cholesterol (TC, unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in TC was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF49812
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-7-4-11
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF371214

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Change in Fasting Triglyceride (TG) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

Triglyceride (TG, unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in TG was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48Change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF146910
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-12-16-13-7
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF15280

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Fold Change in D-dimer From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96

D-dimer was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ug/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 48Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.570.52
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.730.72
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.650.65

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Fold Change in High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96

hsCRP was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ug/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 48Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.750.85
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.880.78
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.781.31

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Fold Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96

IL-6 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure pg/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 48Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.620.89
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.710.82
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.750.89

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Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96

Percent expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ was measured at study entry and weeks 24 and 96 (unit of measure percent). Fold change from study entry to week 24 or week 96 was calculated as (week 24 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 24 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 24Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.490.38
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.510.34
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.520.37

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Fold Change in Soluble CD14 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96

Soluble CD14 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ng/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 48Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF1.010.98
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.910.90
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF1.000.98

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Fold Change in Soluble CD163 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96

Soluble CD163 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ng/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 48Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.540.51
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.620.56
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.610.58

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Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96

Percent expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ was measured at study entry and weeks 24 and 96 (unit of measure percent). Fold change from study entry to week 24 or week 96 was calculated as (week 24 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 24 and 96

,,
InterventionFold change (Median)
Fold change from study entry to week 24Fold change from study entry to week 96
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.510.35
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.560.36
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.590.38

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Annual Rate of Change in Right Common Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness (CIMT)

"Right common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured by ultrasound scan at study entry and weeks 48, 96 and 144.~The annual rate of change in right common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was estimated over 144 weeks from study entry using mixed effects linear regression model that adjusted for screening HIV-1 RNA level and Framingham risk score stratification factors." (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 144

Interventionmicron/year (Mean)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF8.2
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF10.7
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF12.9

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Change in Brachial Artery (BA) Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Week 24

"Brachial artery flow mediated dilation was measured by brachial artery reactivity tests. All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments.~The change from study entry to week 24 in brachial artery FMD (%) was defined as the maximum FMD (%) calculated from resting heart rate (RH) 60 seconds and RH 90 seconds, relative to resting brachial artery diameter." (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 24

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-0.05
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-0.27
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.15

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Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Hip From Study Entry to Week 96

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-3.7
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-2.2
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-3.3

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Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Lumber Spine From Study Entry to Week 96

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumber spine was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-4.0
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-1.6
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-3.1

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Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Total Body From Study Entry to Week 96

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-1.9
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF-0.9
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-1.0

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Percent Change in Lean Mass From Study Entry to Week 96

Lean mass was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF1.8
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF1.7
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.1

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Percent Change in Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat (SAT) From Study Entry to Week 96

Subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAT) was evaluated by single slice abdominal computerized tomography scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF10.3
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF11.8
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF11.4

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Percent Change in Total Limb Fat From Study Entry to Week 96

Total limb fat was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF9.8
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF6.3
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF7.9

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Percent Change in Trunk Fat From Study Entry to Week 96

Trunk fat was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF10.8
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF13.5
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF9.7

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Percent Change in Visceral Abdominal Fat (VAT) From Study Entry to Week 96

Visceral abdominal fat (VAT) was evaluated by single slice abdominal computerized tomography scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, week 96

Interventionpercent (Median)
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF10.7
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF16.2
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF9.5

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CD4+ T-cell Count at Study Entry and Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144

The absolute levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (cells/mm^3) measured at study entry and weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144

,,
Interventioncell/mm^3 (Median)
Study EntryWeek 24Week 48Week 96Week 144
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF350509573634658
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF343445496569613
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF355464528567560

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Change in Absolute Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24 and 48

The change in absolute FMD was defined as the maximum absolute FMD from the RH 60 and 90 second measurements, from study entry to weeks 4, 24, and 48 (unit of measure millimeters). All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments. (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4, 24 and 48

,,
Interventionmm (Mean)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 24Change from study entry to week 48
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF0.002-0.0020.002
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.012-0.0040.005
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-0.0050.008-0.001

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Change in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4 and 48

"Brachial artery flow mediated dilation was measured by brachial artery reactivity tests. All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments.~The change from study entry to weeks 4 and 48 in brachial artery FMD (%) was defined as the maximum FMD (%) calculated from resting heart rate (RH) 60 seconds and RH 90 seconds, relative to resting brachial artery diameter." (NCT00851799)
Timeframe: Study entry, weeks 4 and 48

,,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
Change from study entry to week 4Change from study entry to week 48
Cohort A: ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF-0.04-0.04
Cohort B: RAL + FTC/TDF0.22-0.08
Cohort C: DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF-0.15-0.11

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Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count

Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count were assessed for immunology testing. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks after baseline, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum (2-5 weeks and 6-12 weeks)

Intervention10^6 Cells/Liter (Mean)
Baseline2nd trimester3rd trimesterPostpartum (2-5 weeks)Postpartum (6-12 weeks)
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily594.1713.2972.17163244.67

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Mean Change From Baseline in Log10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Viral Load Value

Mean change from baseline in log 10 HIV-1 RNA VL was assessed up to postpartum (6-12 weeks). (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks after baseline, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum (2-5 weeks and 6-12 weeks)

,,,
InterventionLog 10 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) (Mean)
Baseline4 Weeks after Baseline2nd trimester3rd trimesterPostpartum (2-5 weeks)Postpartum (6-12 weeks)
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily2.12-0.26-0.19-0.31-0.180.09
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily1.88-0.27-0.16-0.23-0.040.11
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily2.060.180.160.170.130.05
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily1.840.200.160.250.200.08

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Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

The Tmax is defined as actual sampling time to reach maximum observed plasma concentration. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Between Predose and 24 hours postdose at Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,,,,,,
Interventionhour (h) (Median)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd Trimester3rd Trimester
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily4.004.033.50
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily3.003.003.00
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily4.004.003.50
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily4.004.003.05
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily4.003.053.00
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily4.004.004.00
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily5.044.174.07
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily4.185.926.00

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Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h)

C0h is defined as the predose (trough) plasma concentration or concentration just prior to study drug administration. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Predose on Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,,,,,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd Trimester3rd Trimester
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily134NA30.1
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily360823233280
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily2811540824
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily248117931528
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily281439413
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily12775.678.0
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily491.4225.9236.0
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily14794.274.6

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Plasma Concentration of Drug in the Cord Plasma and Maternal Plasma Samples Collected at the Time of Delivery

The drug concentrations were evaluated in the cord plasma and maternal plasma samples collected at the time of delivery. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: On day of delivery - Intrapartum (Visit 6)

,,,,,,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cord PlasmaMaternal Plasma
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once DailyNA74.5
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily348.42149
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily125857
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily2281663
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily147421
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily32.859.0
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily17.07316.7
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once DailyNA154

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Number of Participants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Plasma Viral Load (<) 50 Copies/Milliliter (mL)

Number of participants were assessed with a viral load (VL) lesser than (<) 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/ mL over time. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Up to postpartum (6-12 weeks)

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
2nd trimester Less than(<)50 copies/milliLiter(mL)3rd trimester: <50 copies/mLPostpartum (2-5 weeks): <50 copies/mLPostpartum (6-12 weeks): <50 copies/mL
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily6556
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily9887
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily6555
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily121098
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily1313910

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Up to follow up period (16 weeks after postpartum)

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Any AEAny SAE
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily146
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily176
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily51
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily124
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily94

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Mean Change From Baseline in Log10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Viral Load Value

Mean change from baseline in log 10 HIV-1 RNA VL was assessed up to postpartum (6-12 weeks). (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks after baseline, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum (2-5 weeks and 6-12 weeks)

InterventionLog 10 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) (Mean)
Baseline2nd trimester3rd trimesterPostpartum (2-5 weeks)Postpartum (6-12 weeks)
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily1.770.10.210.180.23

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Minimum Plasma Concentration (Cmin)

The Cmin is the minimum observed plasma concentration. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Between Predose and 24 hours postdose at Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,,,,,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd Trimester3rd Trimester
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily41.4NANA
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily285119222661
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily1538168184
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily147312481075
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily269383349
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily84.054.352.9
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily264.7141.1148.1
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily40.532.228.0

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-24h)

The AUC (0-24) is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours post dose. The selected arms were based on the dosing frequency (once daily). (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Between Predose and 24 hours postdose at Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,,,
Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Mean)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd trimester3rd trimester
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily864338624736
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily996134729347991
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily921166228961112
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily271417921762
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily658439353821

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Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count

Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count were assessed for immunology testing. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks after baseline, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum (2-5 weeks and 6-12 weeks)

,,,
Intervention10^6 Cells/Liter (Mean)
Baseline4 Weeks after Baseline2nd trimester3rd trimesterPostpartum (2-5 weeks)Postpartum (6-12 weeks)
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily466.3-14.837.183.5127.9174.5
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily497.9116.3154.1274.9186.0323.0
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily417.476.2513.7777.30115.36154.90
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily495.7924.0039.2189.46139.42168.18

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

The Cmax is the maximum observed plasma concentration. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Between Predose and 24 hours postdose at Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,,,,,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd Trimester3rd Trimester
Cobicistat 150 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily996571759
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily665946685328
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg) Once Daily791843404910
Darunavir 800 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily731049645132
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily569774785
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily167121123
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily1110546.8536.1
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 800/Ritonavir 100 mg) Once Daily742439397

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 12 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-12h)

The AUC (0-12) is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 12 hours post dose. The selected arms were based on the dosing frequency (twice daily). (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Between Predose and 24 hours postdose at Weeks 24-28 (Visit 4, 2nd trimester), 34-38 (visit 5, 3rd trimester) and 6-12 weeks postpartum (visit 8)

,,
Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Mean)
Postpartum (6-12 W)2nd Trimester3rd Trimester
Darunavir 600 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily568903937045880
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily500466176846
Ritonavir 100 mg (Darunavir 600/Ritonavir 100 mg) Twice Daily740637753750

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Number of Participants With Resistance at Virological Failure

Resistance analysis was determined using genotypic and phenotypic analysis at the time of virological failure. For participants with a baseline viral load greater than (>) 200 copies/mL, virologic failure was defined as follows: HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels that did not fall by at least 0.5 log 4 weeks after Baseline; viral load >1000 copies/mL (at 2 successive visits) by gestational weeks 34-38; or viral load >200 copies/mL (at 2 successive visits) after reaching a viral load less than or equal to (<=) 200 copies/mL. For participants with a baseline viral load <=200 copies/mL, virologic failure was defined as viral load of >200 copies/mL (at 2 successive visits) at any point during the study. (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Up to follow-up phase (16 weeks after postpartum)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily0
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily0
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily0
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily0
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily0

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Number of Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Test Result

The infants were evaluated for HIV positive tests using HIV polymerase chain reaction test (PCR). (NCT00855335)
Timeframe: Birth to age 16 weeks

Interventioninfants (Number)
Darunavir 600 mg /Ritonavir 100 Twice Daily0
Darunavir 800 mg /Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily0
Etravirine 200 mg Twice Daily0
Rilpivirine 25 mg Once Daily0
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg Once Daily0

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Overall Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 24

Neuropsychological performance was assessed at week 2 or 4, week 24 and week 48 in the following measures: Premorbid/language (Wide Range Achievement Test 4 -Reading Subtest), Learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised), Memory (HVLT-R), Speed of Processing (Trailmaking A (Army Individual Test Battery, 1944), 1974, Stroop color, Attention (WAIS-III Symbol Search; Stroop word, Fine motor, Executive (Trailmaking B, Stroop interference, Letter, Category Fluency. An overall summary score of neurocognitive functioning was created by averaging all tests. Participants also completed Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI) and the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS). Best available demographically corrected normative data were utilized to create z scores. A negative z score denotes below-average performance relative to a US normative comparison population. A higher z score is a better outcome. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionz score (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group-0.40

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Median Change in CD4 Cell Count From Week 0 to Week 24.

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: week 0, week 24

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group158

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Maximum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between week 4-12 and between Weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group14,698

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Correlation of HIV RNA Levels in CSF and Drug Levels With Neurocognitive Functioning

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: From enrollment through Week 48

Interventionr value (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment GroupNA

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Maximum Ritonavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and Week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group22

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Number of Participants With Virologic Response

Virologic response to study treatment defined as plasma HIV RNA measurement <50 copies/mL at week 48 (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: 48 weeks from enrollment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group9

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Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Baseline

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 2 or 4

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group8

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Overall Neurocognitive Impairment Score at Week 2 or 4

Neuropsychological performance was assessed at Week 2 or 4, Week 24 and Week 48 in the following measures: Premorbid/language (Wide Range Achievement Test 4 -Reading Subtest), Learning (HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised), Memory (HVLT-R), Speed of Processing (Trailmaking A (Army Individual Test Battery, 1944), 1974, Stroop color, Attention (WAIS-III Symbol Search; Stroop word, Fine motor, Executive (Trailmaking B, Stroop interference, Letter, Category Fluency. An overall summary score was created by averaging all tests. Participants also completed the self-reported functional status Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI) and the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS). Best available demographically corrected normative data were utilized to create z scores. A negative z score denotes below-average performance relative to a US normative comparison population. A higher z score is a better outcome. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 2 or 4

Interventionz score (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group-0.69

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Overall Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 48

Neuropsychological performance was assessed at baseline (week 2 or 4), week 24 and week 48 in the following domain (measures): Premorbid/language (Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) 4 - Reading Subtest), Learning (HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised), Memory (HVLT-R), Speed of Processing (Trailmaking A (Army Individual Test Battery, 1944), 1974, Stroop color, Attention (WAIS-III Symbol Search; Stroop word, Fine motor, Executive (Trailmaking B, Stroop interference, Letter, Category Fluency. An overall summary score of neurocognitive functioning was created by averaging all tests. Participants also completed the self-reported functional status Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI) and the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS). Best available demographically corrected normative data were utilized to create z scores. A negative z score denotes below-average performance relative to a US normative comparison population. A higher z score is a better outcome. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionz score (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group-.45

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Minimum Darunavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between week 4-12 and between weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group987

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Minimum Darunavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group10

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Median Time to HIV RNA Suppression to <200 Copies/mL

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the date of HIV RNA suppression, assessed up to Week 48

Interventiondays (Median)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group59

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Number of Participants With HIV RNA Measurement Above the Limits of Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and Week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group0

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Number of Participants Who Stopped Study Treatment Due to Adverse Event or Intolerance

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Enrollment to Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group1

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Median Change in CD4 Cell Count From Week 0 to Week 48.

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: 48 weeks from enrollment

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group349

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Minimum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group2

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Minimum Ritonavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between week 4-12 and between weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group96

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Minimum Ritonavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and Weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group2

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Minimum Etravirine Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between Week 4-12 and between Weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group34

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Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 24

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group3

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Number of Participants With Neurocognitive Impairment at Week 48

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group3

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Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group185

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Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between Week 4-12 and between Weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group83,749

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Maximum Etravirine Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group25

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Maximum Darunavir Exposure Range in Ileal Tissue Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Gut Biopsy Procedure

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: between Week 4-12 and between Weeks 36-48

Interventionng/g (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group83,749

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Maximum Darunavir Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group240

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HIV RNA Levels Immediately Prior to Initiating Study Treatment.

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: HIV RNA level at enrollment

Interventioncopies/mL (Median)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group1,000,000

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Minimum Etravirine Exposure in Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Lumbar Puncture

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Week 4 and week 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group4

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HIV RNA Detection in Ileal Biopsy Specimens

Average HIV RNA detected in the ileal biopsy specimens per participant over weeks 4 and 48. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 4 and 48

Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group40

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Correlation of Time to HIV RNA Levels <200 Copies/mL With Improvement in Neurocognitive Functioning From Baseline to Week 24 and 48

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 and 48

Interventionr value (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group-.82

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Change in Overall Neurocognitive Impairment From Baseline to Week 24 or 48

Change in overall z score from baseline to week 24 or 48. A negative z score denotes below-average performance relative to a US normative comparison population. A higher z score is a better outcome. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 or 48

Interventionz score (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group4.23

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Minimum Etravirine Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group12

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Number of Participants With Virologic Response

Virologic response defined as plasma HIV RNA measurement <200 copies/mL at week 24 (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group13

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HIV RNA Detection in Semen

Total cumulative levels of HIV RNA detected in the semen of participants from enrollment through week 48. (NCT00855413)
Timeframe: From enrollment through 48 weeks

Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group2541

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Maximum Ritonavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and Weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group22

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Minimum Darunavir Exposure Range in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group9

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Maximum Darunavir Exposure in Semen Among Participants Who Consented to an Optional Collection of Semen

(NCT00855413)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 and weeks 12, 48

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Acute HIV Infection Treatment Group1296

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To Investigate the Effect of Rosuvastatin on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir/Ritonavir.

Geometric mean of the Concentration minimum of darunavir and ritonavir in the presence and absence of rosuvastatin. (NCT00885495)
Timeframe: 45 days

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Darunavir Cmin with RosuvastatinDarunavir Cmin absent RosuvastatinRitonavir Cmin absent RousuvastatinRitonavir Cmin with Rousuvastatin present
Darunavir/Ritonavir+Rosuvastatin27443235194148

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To Compare the Change in Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol With Rosuvastatin Therapy Alone, Darunavir/Ritonavir Therapy Alone and With the Co-administration of Rosuvastatin and Darunavir/Ritonavir.

LDL values (NCT00885495)
Timeframe: 45 days

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Rosuvastatin Alone85
Darunavir/Ritonavir115
Rosuvastatin+Darunavir/Ritonavir80

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Cmax of Rosuvastatin

(NCT00885495)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Rosuvastatin6.70
Rosuvastatin-Darunavir-Ritonavir16.32

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AUC of Rosuvastatin

(NCT00885495)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
Rosuvastatin108.96
Rosuvastatin-Darunavir-Ritonavir161.24

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Virological Response[Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, TLOVR]

The analysis is based on virologic response defined as percentage of patients with confirmed plasma viral load <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL at Week 24 calculated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) algorithm. (NCT00915655)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
DRV/Rtv111

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Virological Response [Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, FDA-SNAPSHOT]

The analysis is based on the last observed viral load (VL) data within the Week 24 window. Virologic response is defined as a VL<50 copies/mL (observed case). Virologic Failure includes a) patients who had >=50 copies/mL in the Week-24 window, b) patients who discontinued prior to Week 24 for lack or loss of efficacy, c) patients who had a switch in their background regimen that was not permitted by the protocol, and d) patients who discontinued for reasons other than adverse events (AEs)/death, and lack or loss of efficacy (provided their last available viral load was detectable). (NCT00915655)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/Rtv12

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Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) at Week 24 - Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR)

The TLOVR algorithm was used to derive response, ie, response and loss of response needed to be confirmed at 2 consecutive visits and participants who permanently discontinued were considered nonresponders after discontinuation. Participants with intermittent missing viral load values were considered responders if the preceeding and succeeding visits indicated response. In all other cases, intermittent values were imputed with nonresponse. Resuppression after confirmed virologic failure was considered as failure in this algorithm. (NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/Rtv13

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Mean Change From Baseline to Week 24 and Week 48 in Plasma log10 Viral Load

(NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48

Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
DRV/Rtv-2.04-2.14

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Mean Change From Baseline to Week 24 and Week 48 in CD4+ Percentage

(NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48

InterventionPercentage of lymphocytes (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
DRV/Rtv44

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Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/mL) at Week 48

(NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DRV/Rtv17

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Number of Participants With Less Than or Equal to 1 log10 Decrease in Plasma Viral Load at Week 24 and Week 48

(NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Week 24 and Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Week 24Week 48
DRV/Rtv1719

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Number of Participants With Virological Response (Viral Load Less Than 400 Copies/mL) at Week 24 and Week 48

(NCT00919854)
Timeframe: Week 24 and Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Week 24Week 48
DRV/Rtv1718

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Tolerance: Gastrointestinal Complains

Gastrointestinal complaints (grade 1 to 4) between baseline and W48. (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and 48 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A50
Arm B48
Arm C26

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Tolerance: Equal or Superior to a 25% Reduction in eGFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and number of participant with a decrease equal or superior to 25% of the baseline value (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and W48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A28
Arm B14
Arm C19

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Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 200 Copies/ml

number of patients with plasma HIV RNA below 200 copies/ml (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A130
Arm B118
Arm C127

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Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 200 Copies/ml

number of patients having a plasma viral load below 200 copies/ml at week 24 (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A127
Arm B117
Arm C129

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Tolerance: Neuropathies (Grade 1 to 4)

any symptom of peripheral neuropathy (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and W48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A5
Arm B11
Arm C8

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Number of Patients With Resistance Mutations

number of patients with resistance mutations after second line treatment failure (HIV RNA> 1000 copies/ml) (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between W12 and W48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A0
Arm B0
Arm C0

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Number of Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 50 Copies/mL

(NCT00928187)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A105
Arm B92
Arm C97

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Adherence

number of patients in different categories of adherence as measured by questionnaire (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and W48

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Always above 95%At least once 80-95%At least once < 80%
Arm A508911
Arm B547214
Arm C67784

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Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml

Snapshot of patients with HIV viral load less then 50 copies/ml at week 24 (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A90
Arm B81
Arm C97

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Gain in CD4 Cells Between Baseline and W48

median gain in circulating CD4 cells between baseline and W48 (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and 48 weeks

Interventioncell/mm3 (Median)
Arm A133
Arm B136
Arm C115

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Development of Metabolic Syndrome

number of patients developing metabolic syndrome over a period of 48 weeks (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: from baseline to week 48

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A12
Arm B21
Arm C9

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Number of Patients Discontinuing Study Treatment

number of patients discounting treatment because of adverse events (NCT00928187)
Timeframe: between baseline and W48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A0
Arm B4
Arm C1

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50 Copies/mL

Proportion of participants with confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >50 copies/mL (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 96 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir10

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Signs/Symptoms or Laboratory Toxicities of Grade 3 or Higher

Signs/symptoms or laboratory toxicities of Grade 3 or higher, or of any grade which led to a permanent change or discontinuation of study treatment regimen (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 96 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir1

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Trough Concentrations (Ctrough) of Maraviroc

Average trough concentration (Ctrough) of maraviroc (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir39.3

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50 Copies/mL

Percentage of participants with confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >50 copies/mL (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir8.3

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Drug Adherence, Number of Participants With Missed Doses

Drug adherence, assessed as number of participants with missed doses over four-day recall (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir0

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Drug Resistance Mutations and Co-receptor Tropism Assessed by Trofile ES

(NCT00993148)
Timeframe: At study entry and at the time of virologic failure

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir0

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Median CD4 Count Change From Baseline

Median changes from baseline in peripheral CD4+ T-cell count (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 96 weeks

Interventioncells per mm^3 (Median)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir247

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA >50

Percentage of participants with confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA > 50 copies/mL (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir12.5

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Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure or Off Study Treatment Regimen

Percentage of participants with virologic failure (confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA > 50 copies/mL) or off study treatment regimen (composite end point) (NCT00993148)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maraviroc + Darunavir/Ritonavir12.5

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 36

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 36

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.24

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 8

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.04

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 12

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.18

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 48

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 48

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.29

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 42

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 42

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.29

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 4

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 4

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-1.77

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Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Response (CVR) at Week 48

CVR is defined as confirmed plasma Viral Load of less than 50 human immunodeficiency virus - type 1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/mL. (NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
ETR + DRV/Rtv40

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 30

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 30

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.28

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 24

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 24

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.17

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 20

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 20

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.27

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Change From Baseline in Log10 Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load at Week 16

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 16

Interventionlog10 Copies/mL (Median)
ETR + DRV/Rtv-2.29

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Number of Participants With Virologic Failure

Virologic Failure is defined as participant who is a rebounder or a non-responder. Rebounder participant is defined as a participant who is still in the study at Week 12 and first achieves 2 consecutive virologic responses (<50 copies/mL) followed by 2 consecutive non-responses or a discontinued participant (any reason) for which the last observed time point shows a non-response. Non responder participant is defined as a participant who is still in the study at Week 12 and never achieves 2 consecutive responses. (NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) to Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
ETR + DRV/Rtv7

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Time to Reach First Confirmed Virologic Response

CVR is defined as confirmed plasma Viral Load of less than 50 human immunodeficiency virus - type 1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/mL. (NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) to Week 48

InterventionDays (Mean)
ETR + DRV/Rtv82.98

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) and Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8+) Cell Counts at Week 48

(NCT01199939)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 48

Interventioncells/uL (Mean)
CD4CD8
ETR + DRV/Rtv168-69

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Geometric Mean of t1/2, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy

Geometric mean of t1/2 of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy. The treating physician chose an NRTI-Geometric mean of t1/2, of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy.sparing regimen because of toxicity or resistance mutations to NRTIs, which included DRV/RTV 800/100 mg once daily plus RAL 400 mg twice daily. All patients were RAL and DRV naive and had no evidence of protease inhibitor mutations. (NCT01258374)
Timeframe: After at least 15 days on therapy, patients were admitted for a 24-hour PK study. The moorning dose of RAL adn DRV/r was administered in the clinic with. Blood samples were drawn immediatly before breakfast and 0.5, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 hours afterward.

Interventionh (Geometric Mean)
t1/2 Darunavirt1/2 Raltegravirt1/2 Ritonavir
Single Arm With Dual Therapy10.912.689.48

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Geometric Mean of C-max, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.

Geometric mean of C-max of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy. The treating physician chose an NRTI-Geometric mean of C-max, of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy.sparing regimen because of toxicity or resistance mutations to NRTIs, which included DRV/RTV 800/100 mg once daily plus RAL 400 mg twice daily. All patients were RAL and DRV naive and had no evidence of protease inhibitor mutations. (NCT01258374)
Timeframe: After at least 15 days on therapy, patients were admitted for a 24-hour PK study. The moorning dose of RAL adn DRV/r was administered in the clinic with. Blood samples were drawn immediatly before breakfast and 0.5, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 hours afterward.

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cmax DarunavirCmax RaltegravirCmax Ritonavir
Single Arm With Dual Therapy7630970490

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Geometric Mean of AUC, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.

Geometric mean of AUC0 of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy. The treating physician chose an NRTI-Geometric mean of C-Trough, of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy.sparing regimen because of toxicity or resistance mutations to NRTIs, which included DRV/RTV 800/100 mg once daily plus RAL 400 mg twice daily. All patients were RAL and DRV naive and had no evidence of protease inhibitor mutations. (NCT01258374)
Timeframe: After at least 15 days on therapy, patients were admitted for a 24-hour PK study. The moorning dose of RAL adn DRV/r was administered in the clinic with. Blood samples were drawn immediatly before breakfast and 0.5, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 hours afterward.

Interventionng.h/mL (Geometric Mean)
AUC RaltegravirAUC DarunavirAUC Ritonavir
Single Arm With Dual Therapy305068,7305470

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Geometric Mean of C-Trough, of Raltegravir (RAL) at a Dose of 400 mg Twice a Day Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a Dose of 800/100 mg Once a Day in HIV-1-infected Patients Were Mesured After 15 Days of Therapy.

Geometric mean of C-Trough, of raltegravir (RAL) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) at a dose of 800/100 mg once a day in HIV-1-infected patients were mesured after 15 days of therapy.The treating physician chose an NRTI-sparing regimen because of toxicity or resistance mutations to NRTIs, which included DRV/RTV 800/100 mg once daily plus RAL 400 mg twice daily. All patients were RAL and DRV naive and had no evidence of protease inhibitor mutations. (NCT01258374)
Timeframe: After at least 15 days on therapy, patients were admitted for a 24-hour PK study. The moorning dose of RAL adn DRV/r was administered in the clinic with. Blood samples were drawn immediatly before breakfast and 0.5, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 hours afterward.

Interventionng/ml (Geometric Mean)
C trough DarunavirC trough RaltegravirC trough Ritonavir
Single Arm With Dual Therapy13304090

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Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events

Adverse events (AEs): any untoward medical occurrence (any unfavorable and unintended sign [including an abnormal laboratory finding], symptom, or disease) that occurred in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which did not necessarily have causal relationship with study treatment. Serious adverse events (SAEs): any untoward medical occurrence at any dose resulted: death; was life threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent/significant disability/incapacity or congenital anomaly/birth defect. Adult participants who received either DRV/rtv 800/100 mg once daily or DRV/rtv 600/100 mg twice daily per parent study were included in single arm and combined analysis was performed as planned in protocol because the 2 doses were extensively evaluated in their respective parent studies. Main purpose of this study was to provide continued access and not to compare the 2 doses. (NCT01281813)
Timeframe: Up to 9 years 11 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv:Children Less Than (<) 12 Years0
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv: Adolescents (12-17 Years)1
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv:Adults (Greater Than or Equal to [>=] 18 Years)26

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation

Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any untoward medical occurrence (any unfavorable and unintended sign [including an abnormal laboratory finding], symptom, or disease) that occurred in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. Adult participants who received either DRV/rtv 800/100 mg once daily or DRV/rtv 600/100 mg twice daily per parent study were included in single arm and combined analysis was performed as planned in protocol because the 2 doses were extensively evaluated in their respective parent studies. Main purpose of this study was to provide continued access and not to compare the 2 doses. (NCT01281813)
Timeframe: Up to 9 years 11 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv:Children Less Than (<) 12 Years0
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv: Adolescents (12-17 Years)0
Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv:Adults (Greater Than or Equal to [>=] 18 Years)9

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Tropism Change Between Screening or Baseline and PDTF

For participants meeting the PDTF criteria, tropism was assessed using the original randomized and alternate assays (ie, both genotype testing and ESTA). Data reported here corresponds to the timepoint at or after PDTF. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
R5 (Randomized Assay)NON R5 (Randomized Assay)NR (Randomized Assay)R5 (Alternate Assay)NON R5 (Alternate Assay)NR (Alternate Assay)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r - Baseline201300
FTC/TDF+DRV/r - Failure102210
MVC+DRV/r - Baseline14121025
MVC+DRV/r - Failure13131034

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Virologic Outcomes at Week 48 Using Protocol-Defined Treatment Failure (PDTF).

Per the protocol participants who meet the following criteria were regarded as PDTFs requiring a confirmatory plasma HIV-1 RNA determination: • Decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 from baseline after Week 4 unless plasma HIV-1 RNA is <50 copies/mL, or • Plasma HIV-1 RNA >1.0 log10 above the nadir value after Week 4 where the nadir is the lowest plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or • Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at any time after Week 24, or • Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL after suppression to <50 copies/mL on two consecutive visits, or • Decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤2 log10 from baseline on or after Week 12 unless plasma HIV-1 RNA is <400 copies/mL. Decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤2 log10 from baseline on or after Week 12 unless plasma HIV-1 RNA is <50 copies/mL (before August 30 2012) or <400 copies/mL (after August 30 2012). (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Confirmed PDTFEvaluable PDTF
FTC/TDF+DRV/r133
MVC+DRV/r4017

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Change in Bone Turnover Markers From Baseline and at Week 48 - Blood Osteocalcin

Bone turnover marker, osteocalcin, was collected in the subset of participants participating in the DEXA scan sub-study. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
MVC+DRV/r5.61
FTC/TDF+DRV/r6.77

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Change in Bone Turnover Markers From Baseline and at Week 48 - Type 1 Collagen Peptide (CTX-1)

Bone turnover marker, C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx), was collected in the subset of participants participating in the DEXA scan sub-study. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
MVC+DRV/r121.13
FTC/TDF+DRV/r223.52

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Severity of Abnormal Laboratory Values

Number of participants who had clinically significant laboratory abnormalities of Grade 3 and Grade 4 according to DAIDS. Abnormality incidence of highest grade was reported for a labcode for each individual participant. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (n=396, 400)Alkaline Phosphatase (n=396, 400)Amylase (n=396, 400)Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (n=396, 400)Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (n=396, 400)Calcium (n=396, 400)Creatine Kinase (n=396, 400)Hemoglobin (n=396, 400)LDL Cholesterol (n=396, 400)Lipase (n=116, 122)Lymphocytes (Abs) (n=396, 400)Phosphate (n=396, 400)Platelets (n=396, 400)Potassium (n=396, 400)Sodium (n=396, 400)Total Bilirubin (n=396, 400)Total Neutrophils (Abs) (n=396, 400)Triglycerides (n=396, 400)Uric Acid (n=396, 400)White Blood Cell Count (n=396, 400)Creatinine (n=396, 400)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r601375102222410212120126201
MVC+DRV/r915113718450325532364010

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Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - AP Lumbar Spine (L1 - L4) BMD

Bone mineral density was evaluated by DEXA scan in a subset of participants who consented to these evaluations. The effects on BMD were addressed by providing LSMs of change from baseline bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) as measured by the DEXA scan. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventiong/cm^2 (Least Squares Mean)
MVC+DRV/r-0.020
FTC/TDF+DRV/r-0.025

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Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - Femoral Neck BMD

Bone mineral density was evaluated by DEXA scan in a subset of participants who consented to these evaluations. The effects on BMD were addressed by providing LSMs of change from Baseline bone mineral density femoral neck as measured by the DEXA scan. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventiong/cm^2 (Least Squares Mean)
MVC+DRV/r-0.021
FTC/TDF+DRV/r-0.029

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Changes in Bone Mineral Density (Using DEXA Scan and Serum Markers) From Baseline and at Week 48 - Total Hip BMD

Bone mineral density was evaluated by DEXA scan in a subset of participants who consented to these evaluations. The effects on BMD were addressed by providing LSMs of change from baseline bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), left total hip and femoral neck as measured by the DEXA scan. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventiong/cm^2 (Least Squares Mean)
MVC+DRV/r-0.014
FTC/TDF+DRV/r-0.028

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Changes in Peripheral Fat Distribution Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DEXA] Scan From Baseline and at Week 48.

A sub-study was conducted in which the participants underwent whole-body DEXA scans to evaluate peripheral fat tissue estimates for left and right arms and legs and truncal fat mass and truncal lean mass. Truncal abdominal fat were estimated from the DEXA scan field set on the torso. The effects on estimates of fat mass and lean mass were addressed by providing LSMs of change from baseline. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventiongram (Least Squares Mean)
MVC+DRV/r-181.6
FTC/TDF+DRV/r-257.5

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Changes in Trunk to Limb Fat Distribution Using DEXA Scan From Baseline and at Week 48

A sub-study was conducted in which the participants underwent whole-body DEXA scans to evaluate peripheral fat tissue estimates for left and right arms and legs and truncal fat mass and truncal lean mass. Truncal abdominal fat were estimated from the DEXA scan field set on the torso. The effects on estimates of fat mass and lean mass were addressed by providing LSMs of change from baseline. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
MVC+DRV/r0.017
FTC/TDF+DRV/r-0.014

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Frequency of Adverse Events (AE).

Number of participants with treatment-emergent non serious AEs (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r360
FTC/TDF+DRV/r365

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Due to AEs

Number of participants who discontinued due to AEs are reported here. Three participants (two from the MVC+DRV/r arm and one from the FTC/TDF+DRV/r arm) were not considered as discontinued due to AE because other reasons for discontinuation were prioritized for these participants. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r22
FTC/TDF+DRV/r23

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Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 AEs

Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 AEs are presented here. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r65
FTC/TDF+DRV/r71

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events

Total number of participants with treatment-emergent serious adverse events are reported (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r41
FTC/TDF+DRV/r40

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL.

"The proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at week 48 was assessed according to Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Missing, Switch, Discontinuation'=Failure (MSDF) Snapshot algorithm. The algorithm used the plasma HIV-1 RNA in the Week 48 visit window, followed the virology-first principle and considers a participant who has a missing plasma HIV-1 RNA, or switches to prohibited ARV regimen or discontinues from the study or study drug for any reason, or dies, as a failure." (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r77.3
FTC/TDF+DRV/r86.8

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The Relationship Between the Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at the Week 48 and the Screening Tropism Test (Genotype Test or ESTA).

The relationship of the proportion of participants achieving HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at Week 48 with the screening tropism test for the MVC containing regimen was analyzed. Virologic response for a participant at Week 48 was derived using the FDA's Snapshot MSDF algorithm. Difference in proportions of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at week 48 between the maraviroc and the emtricitabine/tenofovir treatment arms, with two-sided 95% confidence interval, among patients who are R5 by genotype (including some who were originally randomized to ESTA and are R5 by genotype upon retesting), were calculated via the Maximum Likelihood method. The estimate was adjusted for the screening plasma HIV RNA level (<100,000 vs. ≥100,000) copies/mL via the Mantel Haenszel (MH) method. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
MVC+DRV/r0.8047
FTC/TDF+DRV/r0.8797

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Absolute Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Marker Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4, Cell/mm^3)

The differences in the magnitude of changes in CD4+ at Baseline and at Week 48 for maraviroc versus emtricitabine/tenofovir were compared. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

,
Interventioncell/mm^3 (Mean)
Baseline (n=396, 401)Week 48 (n=394, 396)Change from Baseline at Week 48 (n=394, 396)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r379.5574.6194.2
MVC+DRV/r382.0576.9194.9

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Absolute Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Marker Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8, Cell/mm^3)

The differences in the magnitude of changes in CD8+ cell counts from baseline through Week 48 for maraviroc versus emtricitabine/tenofovir were compared. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

,
Interventioncell/mm^3 (Mean)
Baseline (n=396, 401)Week 48 (n=394, 396)Change from Baseline at Week 48 (n=394, 396)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r914.5751.1-157.9
MVC+DRV/r954.4900.0-49.9

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Absolute Change in CD4+/CD8+ Ratio From Baseline to Week 48

The differences in the magnitude of changes in CD4+/CD8+ ratio from Baseline through Weeks 48 for maraviroc versus emtricitabine/tenofovir were compared. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

,
InterventionRatio (Mean)
Baseline (n=396, 401)Week 48 (n=394, 396)Change from Baseline at Week 48 (n=394, 396)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r0.480.870.39
MVC+DRV/r0.470.750.28

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Laboratory Values

Number of participants with laboratory abnormalities are reported (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 96

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Normal BaselineAbnormal Baseline
FTC/TDF+DRV/r205101
MVC+DRV/r210111

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Number of Participants With Resistance to Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI), and Protease Inhibitors (PI) in Participants Meeting PDTF Criteria

For participants meeting the PDTF criteria, viral resistance (both genotypic and phenotypic) to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI's were assessed at Baseline and on-treatment. The assessment was performed using the overall (i.e. net) susceptibility score provided using the PhenoSense GT assay. The number of participants with successful assessments were 15/17 for the MVC+DRV/r arm and 3/3 for the FTC/TDF+DRV/r arm. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
NRTI - All (Baseline, n=15, 3)NNRTI Delavirdine (Baseline, n=15, 3)NNRTI Nevirapine (Baseline, n=15, 3)NNRTI Efavirenz (Baseline, n=15, 3)PRI - All (Baseline, n=15, 3)NRTI - All (PDTF, n=15, 3)NNRTI Delavirdine (PDTF, n=15, 3)NNRTI Nevirapine (PDTF, n=15, 3)NNRTI Efavirenz (PDTF, n=15, 3)PRI - All (PDTF, n=15, 3)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r0000000000
MVC+DRV/r0111001110

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Number of Participants With Viral Resistance to Maraviroc (Maraviroc Treated Participants Only) in Participants Meeting PDTF Criteria.

For participants meeting the PDTF criteria, viral resistance to maraviroc for maraviroc treated participants was assessed in patients with R5 virus at failure. The resistance level is calculated by reference to a laboratory strain of virus that is analyzed in parallel with the clinical isolate to identify 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50). The maximal percent inhibition is the percent inhibition that is achieved in a titration of the drug at high concentrations when the addition of more drug does not result in increased inhibition. Maximal percent inhibition is obtained in the same way as the titration for IC50, but the key measure is of the plateau height of percent inhibition, where increased concentration of maraviroc does not result in additional inhibition. This is consistent with the virus developing some ability to use maraviroc-bound CCR5 for entry. A significant change in IC50 is not required for this mechanism. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Week 48

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Not eligible for analysis (failed tropism test)Not eligible for analysis (non-R5 tropism)Eligible for analysis (R5 virus using ESTA)Results reportedMaximal percent inhibition <95%IC50 FC ≥3.0
FTC/TDF+DRV/r111100
MVC+DRV/r41121200

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Percent Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Activation Marker CD4 (%)

The differences in the magnitude of changes in CD4+ from Baseline through Week 48 for maraviroc versus emtricitabine/tenofovir were compared. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

,
InterventionPercentage of lymphocytes (Mean)
Baseline (n=396, 401)Week 48 (n=394, 396)Change from Baseline at Week 48 (n=394, 396)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r24.533.79.2
MVC+DRV/r24.231.37.0

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Percent Change From Baseline in Immune Cell Function at Week 48: Lymphocyte Activation Marker CD8 (%)

The differences in the magnitude of changes in CD8+ cell counts from Baseline through Week 48 for maraviroc versus emtricitabine/tenofovir were compared. (NCT01345630)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48

,
InterventionPercentage of lymphocytes (Mean)
Baseline (n=396, 401)Week 48 (n=394, 396)Change from Baseline at Week 48 (n=394, 396)
FTC/TDF+DRV/r55.843.0-12.6
MVC+DRV/r57.046.0-10.9

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The Ratio of the Maximum Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc Between 20 and 10 Day

On day 10 of the study the maximum concentractions of maraviroc will be measured . On day 20 of the study the maximum plasma concentractions maraviroc will be measured . (NCT01348763)
Timeframe: 10 day, 20 days

Interventionratio (Mean)
Truvada, Darunavir/r and Maraviroc0.99

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Number of Participants With Changes in Haematology and Biochemistry Laboratory Tests

Haematology and biochemistry laboratory tests such as full blood count, elelectrolytes and lipids will be measured to assess for changes. (NCT01348763)
Timeframe: 35 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Truvada, Darunavir/r and Maraviroc0

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Ctau (Cohort 1)

Ctau was analyzed for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and was defined as the observed drug concentration at the end of the dosing interval. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Week 2Week 4Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)150.537.324.2

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Ctau (Cohort 2)

Ctau was analyzed for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and was defined as the observed drug concentration at the end of the dosing interval. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Week 2 (n = 13)Week 4 (n = 13)Week 24 (n = 11)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)79.971.3139.8

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: t1/2 (Cohort 1)

t1/2 was analyzed for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and was defined as the estimate of the terminal elimination half-life of the drug. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionhours (Number)
Week 2Week 4Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)6.143.573.63

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: t1/2 (Cohort 2)

t1/2 was analyzed for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and was defined as the estimate of the terminal elimination half-life of the drug. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionhours (Median)
Week 2 (n = 13)Week 4 (n = 12)Week 24 (n = 10)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)4.373.983.77

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Tmax (Cohort 2)

Tmax was analyzed for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and was defined as the time of Cmax. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionhours (Median)
Week 2 (n = 13)Week 4 (n = 13)Week 24 (n = 11)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)3.924.923.00

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Change From Baseline in eGFR Using the Modification of Diet in Renal (MDRD) Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-MDRD equation at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 33)Change at Week 24 (n = 30)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)77.1-7.4

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Tmax (Cohort 1)

Tmax was analyzed for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and was defined as the time of Cmax. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionhours (Number)
Week 2Week 4Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)4.002.004.00

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Cohort 1)

The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) using the FDA snapshot analysis algorithm. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)84.8

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Cohort 2)

The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) using the FDA snapshot analysis algorithm. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)90.4

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Change From Baseline in Actual Glomerular Filtration Rate (aGFR) at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in aGFR at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). aGFR was calculated using iohexol plasma clearance. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 2, 4, and 24

InterventionmL/min (Number)
BaselineChange at Week 2Change at Week 4Change at Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)81.6-12.1-7.3-3.3

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Change From Baseline in aGFR at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in aGFR at Weeks 2, 4, and 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). aGFR was calculated using iohexol plasma clearance. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 2, 4, and 24

InterventionmL/min (Median)
BaselineChange at Week 2 (n=13)Change at Week 4 (n=13)Change at Week 24 (n=11)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)82.51.67.0-4.1

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Change From Baseline in eGFR Using the Chronic Kidney Disease, Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Formula Based on Cystatin C Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (not adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 33)Change at Week 24 (n = 30)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)77.60.3

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Week 24 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CG equation at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min (Median)
Baseline (n = 73)Change at Week 24 (n = 67)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)71.4-3.7

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 28)Change at Week 96 (n = 25)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)-7.6-7.9

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CG at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 48

InterventionmL/min (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 63)Change at Week 96 (n = 50)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)-3.8-5.0

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation (Adjusted) at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 28)Change at Week 96 (n = 25)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)1.612.6

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation (Adjusted) at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 63)Change at Week 96 (n = 50)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)-4.7-2.8

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (not adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 28)Change at Week 96 (n = 25)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)1.912.4

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (not adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 63)Change at Week 96 (n = 50)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)-4.7-2.4

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation, Adjusted at Week 24 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 33)Change at Week 24 (n = 30)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)76.90.3

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Based on Cystatin C Equation, Adjusted at Week 24 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 73)Change at Week 24 (n = 67)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)78.2-2.8

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI Formula Based on Cystatin C Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CKD-EPI based on cystatin C equation (not adjusted for age, sex, and race) at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 73)Change at Week 24 (n = 67)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)78.6-2.7

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Week 24 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-MDRD equation at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Baseline (n = 73)Change at Week 24 (n = 67)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)65.8-3.4

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 28)Change at Week 96 (n = 25)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)-12.1-12.9

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Change From Baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)

Change from baseline in eGFR-MDRD at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). The calculation was normalized to 1.73 m^2 body surface area. This outcome is to measure the long-term effect of COBI-containing regimens on renal parameters. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 48 and 96

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
Change at Week 48 (n = 63)Change at Week 96 (n = 50)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)-3.9-2.8

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) Equation at Week 24 (Cohort 1)

Change from baseline in eGFR-CG equation at Week 24 was analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

InterventionmL/min (Median)
Baseline (n = 33)Change at Week 24 (n = 30)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)72.9-5.2

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events (Cohort 1)

Adverse events (AEs) occurring from baseline up to 30 days following the last dose of study drug were summarized for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive). A participant was counted once if they had a qualifying event. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Up to 147 weeks plus 30 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any AEDrug-related AEGrade 3 or higher AEAE leading to drug discontinuationSerious AEAE of proximal renal tubulopathy
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)100.048.521.212.118.20

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events (Cohort 2)

Adverse events (AEs) occurring from baseline up to 30 days following the last dose of study drug were summarized for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced). A participant was counted once if they had a qualifying event. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Up to 166 weeks plus 30 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any AEDrug-related AEGrade 3 or higher AEAE leading to drug discontinuationSerious AEAE of proximal renal tubulopathy
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)93.227.428.811.015.10

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Cohort 1)

Laboratory abnormalities were summarized for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and were defined as values that increased at least one toxicity grade from baseline at any time postbaseline up to and including the date of last dose of study drug plus 30 days. A participant was counted once if they had a qualifying event. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Up to 147 weeks plus 30 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any laboratory abnormalityGrade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormality
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)100.039.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Graded Laboratory Abnormalities (Cohort 2)

Laboratory abnormalities were summarized for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and were defined as values that increased at least one toxicity grade from baseline at any time postbaseline up to and including the date of last dose of study drug plus 30 days. A participant was counted once if they had a qualifying event. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Up to 166 weeks plus 30 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any laboratory abnormalityGrade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormality
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)100.0050.0

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 1)

The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) using the FDA snapshot analysis algorithm. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Weeks 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 48 (n = 33)Week 96 (n = 27)
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)78.888.9

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 (Cohort 2)

The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 were analyzed in Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) using the FDA snapshot analysis algorithm. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Weeks 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 48 (n = 73)Week 96 (n = 54)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)82.290.7

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: AUCtau (Cohort 1)

AUCtau was analyzed for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and was defined as the concentration of drug over time (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval). (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionh*ng/mL (Number)
Week 2Week 4Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)16554.712704.19799.7

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: AUCtau (Cohort 2)

AUCtau was analyzed for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and was defined as the concentration of drug over time (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval). (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
Week 2 (n = 13)Week 4 (n = 13)Week 24 (n = 11)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)12458.011165.313980.5

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Cmax (Cohort 1)

Cmax was analyzed for Cohort 1 (treatment-naive) and was defined as the maximum observed concentration of drug in plasma. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionng/mL (Number)
Week 2Week 4Week 24
E/C/F/TDF (Cohort 1)1734.61522.91266.4

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Plasma Pharmacokinetics of COBI: Cmax (Cohort 2)

Cmax was analyzed for Cohort 2 (treatment-experienced) and was defined as the maximum observed concentration of drug in plasma. (NCT01363011)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hours postdose at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 24.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Week 2 (n = 13)Week 4 (n = 13)Week 24 (n = 11)
COBI+PI+2 NRTIs (Cohort 2)1366.71297.71568.6

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AUCτ,ss of Darunavir

"area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma at steadystate over a uniform dosing interval τ of darunavir.~The measured values show inter-individual variabilities, whereas the statistical analyses show intra-individual variabilities" (NCT01374802)
Timeframe: 0:00, 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00,12:00 hours (h) after drug administration on day 8 (DRV/r) and day 16 (BI 201335+DRV/r)

Interventionng*h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Darunavir+Ritonavir57200
Faldaprevir+Darunavir+Ritonavir66000

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Cmax,ss of Darunavir

maximum measured concentration of the analyte in plasma at steady-state (NCT01374802)
Timeframe: 0:00, 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00,12:00 h after drug administration on day 8 (DRV/r) and day 16 (BI 201335+DRV/r)

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Darunavir+Ritonavir4930
Faldaprevir+Darunavir+Ritonavir6330

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Cτ,ss of Darunavir

concentration of the analyte in plasma at steady-state after a uniform dosing interval τ=24h of darunavir (NCT01374802)
Timeframe: 0:00, 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00,12:00 h after drug administration on day 8 (DRV/r) and day 16 (BI 201335+DRV/r)

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Darunavir+Ritonavir1330
Faldaprevir+Darunavir+Ritonavir1170

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Tmax,ss of Darunavir

time from last dosing to maximum concentration of the analyte in plasma at steady state (NCT01374802)
Timeframe: 0:00, 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00,12:00 hours (h) after drug administration on day 8 (DRV/r) and day 16 (BI 201335+DRV/r)

Interventionh (Median)
Darunavir+Ritonavir1.50
Faldaprevir+Darunavir+Ritonavir2.01

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Number of Participants With a Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-RNA) Greater Than or Equal to 50 Copies/mL

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Screening (Week -4), Week 1 (Day 1), Week 4, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, Week 48, and follow-up (Week 52)

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Screening (Week -4)Week 1 (Day 1)Week 4Week 12Week 24Week 36Week 48Follow up (Week 52)
Combination Therapy00011000
Monotherapy01000212

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Lumbar Z Score: Median Change in Lumbar Z Score

Z score is used to calculate bone mineral density (calcium and other types of minerals) in an area of the bone. Z score is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the participant's age, sex and ethnicity. This score is calculated from participant's age, gender and race and skeletal site. Z score has a mean of '0' and a standard deviation of '1'. Z score lower than its mean indicate low bone mineral density. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionZ score (Median)
Monotherapy0.1
Combination Therapy0.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Lumbar T Score: Median Change in Lumbar T Score

T score is used to calculate bone mineral density (calcium and other types of minerals) in an area of the bone. T score is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30 year old adult of the same sex and ethnicity as a participant. This score is calculated from participant's age, gender and race and skeletal site. T score has a mean of '50' and a standard deviation of '10'. T score lower than its mean indicate low bone mineral density. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionT score (Median)
Monotherapy0.1
Combination Therapy0.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Leg Fat Content: Median Change in Leg Fat (Total)

Leg fat content will be analyzed by Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DEXA scan). (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionPercentage of fat (Median)
Monotherapy-57
Combination Therapy-288

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Femoral Neck Z Score: Median Change in Femoral Neck Z Score

Z score is used to calculate bone mineral density (calcium and other types of minerals) in an area of the bone. Z score is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the participant's age, sex and ethnicity. This score is calculated from participant's age, gender and race and skeletal site. Z score has a mean of '0' and a standard deviation of '1'. Z score lower than its mean indicate low bone mineral density. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionZ score (Median)
Monotherapy0.2
Combination Therapy0.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Brachial Artery FMD: Median Change in FMD (%)

Brachial artery FMD is calculated as the percentage increase in brachial artery diameter with hyperemia induced relative to the resting brachial artery diameter. Percentage of brachial artery diameter is measured as FMD diameter/basal diameter. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionPercentage of brachial artery diameter (Median)
Monotherapy-4.4
Combination Therapy-3

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Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Vasodilatation (FMD): Median Change in FMD (%)

Brachial artery FMD is calculated as the percentage increase in brachial artery diameter with hyperemia (an increase in the quantity of blood flow to a body part) induced relative to the resting brachial artery diameter. Percentage of brachial artery diameter is measured as FMD diameter/basal diameter. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 of Week 1) to Week 24

InterventionPercentage of brachial artery diameter (Median)
Monotherapy-4.8
Combination Therapy-0.6

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Femoral Neck T Score: Median Change in Femoral Neck T Score

T score is used to calculate bone mineral density (calcium and other types of minerals) in an area of the bone. T score is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30 year old adult of the same sex and ethnicity as a participant. This score is calculated from participant's age, gender and race and skeletal site. T score has a mean of '50' and a standard deviation of '10'. T score lower than its mean indicate low bone mineral density. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

InterventionT score (Median)
Monotherapy0.2
Combination Therapy-0.1

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Visceral Fat Content in Abdomen: Median Change in Visceral Abdominal Tissue (VAT)

Visceral fat content in abdomen will be analyzed with median change in VAT by an abdomen Computerized Tomography. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

Interventioncm square (Median)
Monotherapy-4
Combination Therapy-4

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) Count Over Week 48

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Screening (Week -4), Week 1 (Day 1), Week 4, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, Week 48, and follow-up (Week 52)

,
InterventionCD4 cells (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy-1260
Monotherapy6100.1

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Sensitivity at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

The Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function. HOMA-IR is reflected in the diminished effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production. HOMA-IR is calculated as: (Glucose [mg/dL] X Insulin [pmol/L]) / (405 X 6.945). Higher scores indicate worse insulin resistance. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionHOMA score (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy-0.3-0.5
Monotherapy-0.2-0.6

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Change From Baseline in Mean Framingham Risk Score at Week 24 and Week 48: Medican Change in Framingham Risk Score

The Framingham Risk Score is used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of a participant. It is calculated according to age, laboratory values of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure. The framingham risk score is calculated as: for males: 0 point (1 percentage) up to 17 points (30 percentages); whereas for females: 0 to 9 points (1 percentage) up to 25 points (30 percentage). Higher scores indicate high cardiovascular risk. (NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionFramingham risk score (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy01
Monotherapy01

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Change From Baseline in Mean High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in HDL

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy-6-6
Monotherapy-1-4

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Change From Baseline in Mean Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in LDL

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day1 of Week 1), Week 24, and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy65
Monotherapy1714

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Change From Baseline in Mean Triglycerides at Week 24 and Week 48: Median Change in Triglycerides

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Week 24Week 48
Combination Therapy-16
Monotherapy1524

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Circulating Endothelial Cells

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

,
InterventionEndothelial cells (Median)
BaselineWeek 48
Combination Therapy14.664
Monotherapy5.0937

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Change From Baseline to Week 48 in Precursors of Circulating Endothelial Cells

(NCT01391013)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48

,
InterventionEndothelial cells (Median)
BaselineWeek 48
Combination Therapy18108
Monotherapy16120

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Change in Levels of sCD14 From Baseline

Change in levels of soluble CD14 from baseline (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-103
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-10

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Change in Levels of sCD163 From Baseline to Week 48

Change in levels of soluble CD163 from baseline to week 48 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-250
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-258

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Cumulative Probability of Virologic Failure by Week 48

"Confirmed virologic failure is defined as confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA levels > 1000 copies/mL at or after week 16 and before week 24, or confirmed HIV-1 RNA levels> 200 copies/mL at or after week 24. Participants who discontinued the study with an unconfirmed virologic failure (HIV-1 RNA > 1000 copies at 16 weeks or HIV-1 RNA level > 200 copies/mL at or after week 24) are considered as virologic failures at the study visit week of the unconfirmed value. Time to virologic failure is defined as the time from study entry to the planned visit week of the initial failure.~Product-limit estimates for the survival function were used to estimate the cumulative probability of virologic failure over time and its corresponding 95% confidence interval for each treatment group." (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: From study treatment initiation to week 48

Interventioncumulative probability per 100 persons (Number)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)6
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)5

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Number of Participants Who Developed Grade 3 or 4 Primary Adverse Events

"Grade 3 or 4 primary adverse events includes primary signs/symptoms, primary laboratory abnormalities, or primary diagnoses.~See DAIDS AE Grading Table Version 1.0, Dec 2004 (Clarification, Aug 2009)" (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: From study treatment initiation to week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)16
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)22

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Number of Participants Who Died During the Study

Number of participants who died during the study (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: From study treatment initiation to week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)0
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)0

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Bone Fractures

Number of participants who experienced bone fractures during the study (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: From study treatment initiation to week 48

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)2
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)2

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Percent Change From Baseline in Total Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

The primary endpoint is the percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) at total hip (as measured by DXA scan) from baseline (week 0) to week 48. (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-1.51
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-2.40

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Percent Change in Expression of CD28+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is define as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)11.9
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)14.0

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Percent Change in Expression of CD28+/CD57+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is define as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-9.1
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-11.2

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Percent Change in Expression of CD57+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is define as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-3.5
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-4.6

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Percent Change in Expression of RANKL+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is defined as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-20.7
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-17.0

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Percent Change in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

The percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (as measured by DXA scan) from baseline (week 0) to week 48. (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-0.88
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-2.35

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Percentage Change in Expression of CD38+/HLA-DR+ on CD4+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is define as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-52.1
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-48.6

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Change in Level of IP-10 From Baseline to Week 48

Change in level of Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) from baseline to week 48 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-198
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-170

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Percentage Change in Expression of CD38+/HLA-DR+ on CD8+ T Cells From Baseline to Week 48

percentage change is defined as [ (week 48 - week 0) / week 0 ] * 100% (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
MVC Arm: DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo-59.5
TDF Arm: DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo-60.9

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CD8+ T-cell Change From Baseline to Week 48

CD8+ T-cell change from baseline to week 48 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventioncell/mm^3 (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-6
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-109

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Change in CD4 Count From Baseline to Week 24

Change in CD4 count from baseline (week 0) to week 24 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 24

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)165
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)127

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Change in CD4 Count From Baseline to Week 48

Change in CD4 count from baseline (week 0) to week 48 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 48

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)234
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)188

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Change in Levels of D-dimer From Baseline

Change in levels of D-dimer from baseline (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-82
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-61

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Change in Levels of IL-6 From Baseline to Week 48

Change in levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) from baseline to week 48 (NCT01400412)
Timeframe: At weeks 0 and 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
MVC Arm (DRV/r + MVC + FTC + TDF Placebo)-0.21
TDF Arm (DRV/r + TDF + FTC + MVC Placebo)-0.12

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Number of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event.

(NCT01422369)
Timeframe: 16 Days

InterventionParticipants (Number)
All Subjects2

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NK-104 AUC

(NCT01422369)
Timeframe: 16 Days

Interventionng * h/mL (Mean)
NK-104192.00

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Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to 48 Weeks

Absolute change in lipid parameter (total cholesterol mg/dl) of once-daily versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir containing regimens over 48 weeks (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: Within 48 weeks of randomization baseline to study medications

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir-14.2
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir-3.8

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Number of Participants With Greater Than 95% Adherence at 48 Weeks

Characterize adherence to once-daily versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir containing regimens using the Modified Medication Adherence Self-Report Inventory (M-MASRI) scale (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: Within 48 weeks of randomization to study medications

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir22
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir20

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Primary Efficacy Endpoint for Virologic Suppression in HIV-infected Subjects

"Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 c/mL at Week 48 using a Missing, Switch, or Discontinuation = Failure (MSDF) algorithm as codified by the FDA's snapshot algorithm" (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after randomization to study medication

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Once-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir27
Twice-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir25

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Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

•Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 c/mL at Week 24 (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir29
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir25

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Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

•Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA >200 c/mL at Week 24 (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: Within 24 weeks after randomization to study medication

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir0
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir0

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Absolute Value Change in CD4+ From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute value increase in CD4+ cells/mm3 from baseline to week 48 (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after randomization baseline to study medications

Interventioncells/mm3 (Mean)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir19
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir39

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Assessment of Virologic Failure

•Assess the development of viral resistance in subjects experiencing virological failure (NCT01423812)
Timeframe: Within 48 weeks of randomization to study medications

Interventionparticipants with resistance for failure (Number)
Once-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir0
Twice-daily Darunavir and Ritonavir0

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Percentage of Participants With Onset of Any Treatment-emergent Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event Between Baseline and Week 24

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment-Naive5.4
Treatment-Experienced11.1

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 24

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

Interventioncells/μL (Mean)
Treatment-Naive145
Treatment-Experienced99

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 48

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 48

Interventioncells/µL (Mean)
Treatment-Naive194
Treatment-Experienced121

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24 (Snapshot Analysis)

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment-Naive83.7
Treatment-Experienced61.1

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 (Snapshot Analysis)

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment-Naive82.7
Treatment-Experienced50.0

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event and Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event Leading to Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 24

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE)Any TEAE that led to study drug discontinuation
Treatment-Experienced83.30
Treatment-Naive88.15.1

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event and Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event Leading to Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 48

(NCT01440569)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE)Any TEAE that led to study drug discontinuation
Treatment-Experienced88.90
Treatment-Naive91.55.4

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Time to Loss of Virologic Response

Time (in days) it takes to show loss of response per time to loss of virologic response (TLOVR) algorithm: confirmed HIV-1 RNA >= 50 copies/mL or premature discontinuation. (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 96 or early withdrawal

InterventionDays (Median)
DRV/rNA
DRV/r + 2NRTIsNA

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Number of Participants Reporting Resistance Mutations With Confirmed Virologic Failure Who Have HIV RNA >400 Copies/mL and Genotype Resistance Results

The viral genotype of participants treated with DRV/rtv monotherapy versus triple therapy containing DRV/rtv over 48 and 96 weeks. Genotypic resistance (number of resistance mutations) at any time point when a participant had a confirmed plasma VL >400 copies/mL after randomization was performed per treatment group for the ITT population. Results were summarized based on individual treatment received: Darunavir resistance mutations, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations, protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations, PR mutations, RT mutations, extended NNRTI mutations, primary PI mutations. (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Over 48 and 96 Weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Participans with HIV RNA >= 400 copies/mLNumber of 0 Darunavir resistance mutationsNumber of 0 NNRTI mutationsNumber of 1 NNRTI mutationsNumber of 1 PI resistance mutationsNumber of 5 PI resistance mutationsNumber of 6 PI resistance mutationsNumber of 11 PR mutationsNumber of 15 PR mutationsNumber of 7 PR mutationsNumber of 14 RT mutationsNumber of 16 RT mutationsNumber of 33 RT mutationsNumber of extended 0 NNRTI mutationsNumber of extended 1 NNRTI mutationsNumber of primary 0 PI mutationsNumber of participants with no mutations
DRV/r12201010111012020
DRV/r + 2NRTIs21010101000100110

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Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-Emergent Phenotypic Drug Resistance

The loss of treatment options of DRV/rtv monotherapy versus triple therapy containing DRV/rtv at Weeks 48 and 96, as defined by treatment-emergent phenotypic drug resistance. Drug resistance is classified as: 1) Confirmed HIV RNA >= 400 copies/mL, 2) Post-baseline phenotypic data and 3) Phenotypic resistance to any of the drug classes (NRTI, NNRTI, or PI). (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Confirmed HIV RNA >= 400 copies/mLPost-baseline phenotypic dataPhenotypic resistance to any of the drug classes
DRV/r120
DRV/r + 2NRTIs210

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Virologic Response (FDA Snapshot, Switch Included)

The percentage of participants who have plasma human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels <50 copies/milliliters [mL] after 48 and 96 weeks of follow-up after switching to DRV/ritonavir(rtv) monotherapy versus triple therapy containing DRV/rtv. Switch included is defined as all participants who discontinued randomized medication were followed up on their subsequent treatment. (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Week 48 and 96

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Week 48Week 96
DRV/r93.089.3
DRV/r + 2NRTIs96.589.9

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Virologic Response (Food Drug and Administration [FDA] Snapshot, Switch = Failure)

The percentage of participants who have plasma human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels <50 copies/milliliters [mL] after 48 weeks of follow-up. Switch = Failure is defined as switch in background nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N[t]RTIs) not permitted by the trial protocol or plasma HIV-1 RNA assessment closest to target date of the analysis time point window (44-52 weeks) and next/confirmation of Plasma HIV-1 RNA in the analysis time point window above the threshold or discontinuation for any other reason. (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
DRV/r87.0
DRV/r + 2NRTIs95.0

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Virologic Response (Food Drug and Administration [FDA] Snapshot, Switch = Failure)

The percentage of participants who have plasma human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels <50 copies/milliliters [mL] after 96 weeks of follow-up after switching to DRV/ritonavir(rtv) monotherapy versus triple therapy containing DRV/rtv. Switch = Failure is defined as switch in background nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N[t]RTIs) not permitted by the trial protocol. (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Week 96

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
DRV/r75.2
DRV/r + 2NRTIs85.3

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Change From Baseline in Global Neurocognitive Performance z-Score

Change in neurocognitive function of DRV/rtv monotherapy versus triple therapy containing DRV/rtv over 48 and 96 weeks. Neurocognitive function will be measured by Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (verbal learning and memory), Colour Trail Test (psychomotor speed and cognitive flexibility) and Grooved Pegboard Test (psychomotor speed and fine motor function). Higher values for change in z-score represent an improvement in Neurocognitive Performance (NP). (NCT01448707)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 48 and 96

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Change at Week 48Change at Week 96
DRV/r0.390.63
DRV/r + 2NRTIs0.420.57

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Change From Baseline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 c/mL) at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48

Change from Baseline in plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 c/mL) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 . Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Different participants may have been analyzed for different visits, so the overall number of participants analyzed reflects everyone in the mITT-E Population. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48

,
InterventionLog10 copies per mL (Mean)
Week 4, n=238, 235Week 8, n=237, 236Week 12, n=234, 227Week 16, n=229, 228Week 24, n=234, 227Week 36, n=232, 218Week 48, n=227, 212
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg OD-2.01-2.40-2.61-2.71-2.83-2.85-2.86
DTG 50 mg OD-2.80-2.86-2.88-2.86-2.86-2.87-2.89

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Convenience Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

Participant treatment satisfaction was measured using the self-reported scale (HIVTSQ), which consists of 10 items (1-satisfaction, 2-HIV control, 3-adverse effects, 4-level of demand, 5-convenience, 6-flexibility, 7-knowledge, 8-life habits, 9-recommendability, and 10-willingness to continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The convenience score is the score for item 5 (range: 0-6). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Different participants may have been analyzed for different visits, so the overall number of participants analyzed reflects everyone in the HIVTSQ mITT-E population. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 4, n=204, 190Week 24, n=211, 200,Week 48, n=212, 201
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD5.25.45.4
DTG 50 mg QD5.65.65.7

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Lifestyle/Ease Sub Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

Participant treatment satisfaction was measured using the self-reported scale (HIVTSQ), which consists of 10 items (1-satisfaction, 2-HIV control, 3-adverse effects, 4-level of demand, 5-convenience, 6-flexibility, 7-knowledge, 8-life habits, 9-recommendability, and 10-willingness to continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The lifestyle/ease score is the sum of items 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (range: 0-30). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Different participants may have been analyzed for different visits, so the overall number of participants analyzed reflects everyone in the HIVTSQ mITT-E population. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 4, n=202, 190Week 24, n=210, 199Week 48, n=211, 201
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD25.826.626.6
DTG 50 mg QD26.727.527.6

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Total Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

Participant treatment satisfaction was measured using the self-reported scale (HIVTSQ), which consists of 10 items (1-satisfaction, 2-HIV control, 3-adverse effects, 4-level of demand, 5-convenience, 6-flexibility, 7-knowledge, 8-life habits, 9-recommendability, and 10-willingness to continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The treatment satisfaction score (range: 0-60) was the sum of the individual items. HIVTSQ mITT-E Population=Only participants from USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain for whom valid translations were available from the mITT-E Population. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Different participants may have been analyzed for different visits, so the overall number of participants analyzed reflects everyone in the HIVTSQ mITT-E population. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 4, n=206, 192Week 24, n= 211, 200Week 48, n=212, 201
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD52.454.354.5
DTG 50 mg QD54.156.156.1

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Number of Participants With the Indicated Grade 3 and Grade 4 Maximum Post-Baseline Chemistry and Hematology Laboratory Toxicities

Hematology and clinical chemistry data were summarized according to the division of AIDS (DAIDS) table for grading the Severity of adverse events, version 1.0. Grade 1, Mild; Grade 2, Moderate; Grade 3 (G3), Severe; Grade 4 (G4), Life-threatening or disabling; Grade 5, Death. Data are presented for only those parameters for which an increase to Grade 3 or Grade 4 occurred. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 48

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Alanine Amino Transferase, G3Alanine Amino Transferase, G4Aspartate Amino Transferase, G3Aspartate Amino Transferase, G4Cholesterol, G3Creatine Kinase, G3Creatine Kinase, G4Hyperglycaemia, G3Hypoglycaemia, G3LDL Cholesterol, G3Lipase, G3Lipase, G4Phosphorus, inorganic, G3Total Bilirubin, G3Triglycerides, G3Triglycerides, G4Hemoglobin, G3Hemoglobin, G4Platelet count, G4Total Neutrophils, G3Total Neutrophils, G4
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD133035421650702100101
DTG 50 mg QD216208810252711011053

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Through Week 48

Fasting LDL cholesterol change from Baseline was analyzed. Values represented are for adjusted means. Estimates are calculated from a repeated measures model including the following covariates: treatment, visit, Baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA, background dual NRTI therapy, Baseline LDL cholesterol, treatment*visit interaction and Baseline LDL cholesterol*visit interaction. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 48

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
DTG 50 mg QD0.07
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD0.37

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Number of Participants (Par.) With Detectable Virus That Has Genotypic or Phenotypic Evidence of Treatment-emergent Resistance to DTG, DRV+RTV and Other On-study ART at Time of Protocol Defined Virology Failure (PDVF)

An assessment was made of every change across all amino acids within the integrase (IN), reverse transcriptase (RT), and Protease (PRO) encoding region at Baseline and at time of suspected PDVF. PDVF is defined as the confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA >200 c/mL >=Week 24. PDVF Genotypic Population included all participants in the mITT-E population with available on-treatment genotypic resistance data, at time of PDVF. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline until PDVF up to Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DTG 50 mg OD0
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg OD0

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Number of Participants With HIV-1 Associated Disease Progression With the Indicated Shift to CDC Class C, or New CDC Class C or Death at Week 48

The number of participants with HIV-1 disease progression (AIDS or death) was assessed per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. The CDC classifies HIV infection as Category A (participants with asymptomatic HIV infection, acute HIV infection with accompanying illness, or persistent generalized lymphadenopathy), Category B (participants with symptomatic non-AIDS condition, i.e., conditions that are attributed to HIV infection or are indicative of a defect in cell-mediated immunity; or conditions are considered by physicians to have a clinical course or to require management that is complicated by HIV infection), and Category C (includes AIDS indicator conditions as defined by diagnostic or presumptive measures). (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Number)
DTG 50 mg QD0
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD0

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Abnormalities in Fasting LDL Cholesterol Through Week 48

Hematology and clinical chemistry data were summarized according to the division of AIDS (DAIDS) table for grading the Severity of adverse events, version 1.0. Grade 1, Mild; Grade 2, Moderate; Grade 3 (G3), Severe; Grade 4 (G4), Life-threatening or disabling; Grade 5, Death. Data are presented for which an increase in fasting LDL cholesterol to Grade 2 or higher occurred. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 48

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
DTG 50 mg QD2
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD7

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 c/mL at Week 48

"The percentage of participants with Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 c/mL at Week 48 was assessed MSDF, as codified by the FDA snapshot algorithm. This algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at Week 48 as nonresponders, as well as participants who switched their concomitant ART prior to Week 48 as follows: background ART substitutions non-permitted per protocol (one background ART substitution was permitted for safety or tolerability); background ART substitutions permitted per protocol unless the decision to switch was documented as being before or at the first on-treatment visit where HIV-1 RNA was assessed. Otherwise, virologic success or failure was determined by the last available HIV-1 RNA assessment while the participant was on-treatment in the snapshot window (Week 48 +/- 6 weeks)." (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
DTG 50 mg QD92
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD87

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Percentage of Participants With Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) at Week 48

"Assessment was done using Missing, Switch or Discontinuation = Failure (MSDF), as codified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot algorithm.This algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at Week 48 as nonresponders, as well as participants who switched their concomitant ART prior to Week 48 as follows: background ART substitutions non-permitted per protocol (one background ART substitution was permitted for safety or tolerability); background ART substitutions permitted per protocol unless the decision to switch was documented as being before or at the first on-treatment visit where HIV-1 RNA was assessed. Otherwise, virologic success or failure was determined by the last available HIV-1 RNA assessment while the participant was on-treatment in the snapshot window (Week 48 +/- 6 weeks). Modified Intent-To-Treat Exposed (mITT-E) Population:all randomized participants who received at least one dose of investigational product" (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
DTG 50 mg QD90
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD83

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Time to Virologic Suppression (<50 Copies/mL) Through Week 48

The time to viral suppression (i.e. first viral load value <50 copies/mL) through Week 48 was derived and summarized using Kaplan-Meier plots. Participants who withdrew for any reason without having suppressed prior to the analysis were censored. Confidence intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer-Crowley method. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 48

InterventionDays (Median)
DTG 50 mg QD28.0
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD85.0

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Change From Baseline in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Symptom Distress Module (SDM) Bother Score at Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

SDM is a 20-item self-reported measure that addresses the presence and perceived distress linked to symptoms commonly associated with HIV or its treatment. Each item is rated from 0 to 4 where 0 (complete absence of symptom) and 4 (very bothersome symptom). Overall score calculated as the sum of the scores for each of the 20 items of the questionnaire and ranged from 0 (best health) and 80 (worst health). Values represented are for adjusted mean. Estimates are calculated from an ANCOVA model adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline viral load, background dual NRTI therapy and baseline symptom bother score. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. A positive change from Baseline indicates a decline in a participant's quality of life over that period. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 4, n=218, 210Week 24, n=222, 214Week 48, n= 222, 215
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD-2.19-1.65-0.77
DTG 50 mg QD-3.20-2.71-2.46

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ and CD8+ Cell Counts

Change from Baseline in CD4+ cell counts was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 36 and 48. Change from Baseline in CD8+ cell counts was assessed at Weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Different participants may have been analyzed for different visits and parameters, so the overall number of participants analyzed reflects everyone in the mITT-E Population. (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 36 and 48 for CD4+ and Baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48 for CD8+

,
InterventionCells per millimeters cubed (cells/mm^3) (Mean)
CD4+ cell count, Week 4, n=237, 236CD4+ cell count, Week 8, n=236, 236CD4+ cell count, Week 12, n=234, 228CD4+ cell count, Week 16, n=227, 227CD4+ cell count, Week 24, n=233, 227CD4+ cell count, Week 36, n=232, 218CD4+ cell count, Week 48, n=227, 212CD8+ cell count, Week 4, n=235, 235CD8+ cell count, Week 12, n=231, 227CD8+ cell count, Week 24, n=231, 224CD8+ cell count, Week 48, n=224, 210
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD75.6118.8131.8146.1164.3186.5215.4-3.7-68.9-132.9-162.1
DTG 50 mg QD80.1126.9135.2156.8165.1206.1243.8-47.4-42.0-108.0-109.5

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Change From Baseline in EQ-5D Thermometer Scores at Week 24 and Week 48

The European Quality of Life -5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) is a 5-question quality of life instrument that provides a utility score and visual analogue scale score that describes the participants' health status. The primary reason for including the EQ-5D is to elicit utility values for potential cost-effectiveness analysis for submission to health technology assessment agencies. Thermometer score is based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 100 (best imaginable health state) to 0 (worst imaginable health state).Values represented are for adjusted mean. Estimates are calculated from an ANCOVA model adjusting for age, sex, race, Baseline viral load, background dual NRTI therapy and Baseline EQ-5D thermometer score. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 24, n=221, 216Week 48, n=224, 220
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD5.966.95
DTG 50 mg QD4.955.78

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Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life -5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Utility Scores at Week 24 and Week 48

The EQ-5D is a 5-question quality of life instrument that provides a utility score and visual analogue scale score that describes the participants' health status. The primary reason for including the EQ-5D is to elicit utility values for potential cost-effectiveness analysis for submission to health technology assessment agencies. The EQ-5D total score ranges from 0 (worst health state) to 1 (perfect health state) and 1 reflects the best outcome. Values represented are for adjusted mean. Estimates are calculated from an ANCOVA model adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline viral load, background dual NRTI therapy and Baseline EQ-5D utility score. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). (NCT01449929)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24, and Week 48

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 24, n=217, 213Week 48, n=224, 217
DRV 800 mg + RTV 100 mg QD0.020.01
DTG 50 mg QD0.000.01

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Number of Participants With Early Discontinuation From Randomized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis (HIV PEP)

Number of participants with early discontinuation from randomized HIV PEP for any reason other than confirmation of the negative HIV infection status of the index person in participants receiving HIV PEP for at least 28 days and a maximum of 30 days was assessed. Per protocol (PP) population included all participants in modified intention-to-treat (mITT [defined as all participants who were assigned to receive randomized HIV PEP and were not discontinued due to confirmation of the negative HIV infection status of the index person]) excluding participants with: No indication for HIV PEP; Initiation of PEP >72 hours after injury; Discontinuation of HIV PEP due to confirmation of HIV negative status of index person and if index person bears resistant virus against HIV PEP components prescribed; incorrect HIV PEP; no intake of medication. (NCT01516970)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Darunavir/Ritonavir Postexposure Prophylaxis (DRV/r PEP)10
Standard of Care Postexposure Prophylaxis (SOCPEP)15

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Worst Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Score for the Safety Population

The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) assesses functional impairment in 3 inter-related domains: work/school, social and family life, using a rating scale for each item ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). (NCT01516970)
Timeframe: Month 3

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Impairment in work/school/studiesImpairment in social lifeImpairment in family life
Darunavir/Ritonavir Postexposure Prophylaxis (DRV/r PEP)2.5662.4652.226
Standard of Care Postexposure Prophylaxis (SOCPEP)3.5033.4642.954

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Percentage of Participants Who Developed Detectable HIV Antibodies

Seroconversion rate of HIV antibodies while receiving HIV PEP evaluated as the percentage of participants who developed detectable HIV antibodies (defined as positive) and percentage of participants who had not developed detectable HIV antibodies (defined as negative). Per protocol (PP) population included all participants in mITT (defined as all participants who were assigned to receive randomized HIV PEP and were not discontinued due to confirmation of the negative HIV infection status of the index person) excluding participants with: No indication for HIV PEP; Initiation of PEP >72 hours after injury; Discontinuation of HIV PEP due to confirmation of HIV negative status of index person and if index person bears resistant virus against HIV PEP components prescribed; incorrect HIV PEP; no intake of medication. (NCT01516970)
Timeframe: At Month 3

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NegativePositive
Darunavir/Ritonavir Postexposure Prophylaxis (DRV/r PEP)99.30.7
Standard of Care Postexposure Prophylaxis (SOCPEP)1000

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event (AE) is defined to be non-treatment-emergent if the onset date of the AE was clearly before the date of first HIV PEP administration, otherwise it is considered treatment-emergent. (NCT01516970)
Timeframe: Up to Month 3

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Darunavir/Ritonavir Postexposure Prophylaxis (DRV/r PEP)131
Standard of Care Postexposure Prophylaxis (SOCPEP)125

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Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 48

(NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 48

Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF-3.27
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF-3.26

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Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 24

(NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

Interventionlog10 copies/mL (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF-3.20
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF-3.18

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 48

(NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 48

Interventioncells/µL (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF231
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF212

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 24

(NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 24

Interventioncells/µL (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF186
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF139

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48

The snapshot algorithm was used which defines a patient's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time, along with study drug discontinuation status. (NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
D/C/F/TAF76.7
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF84.0

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24

The snapshot algorithm was used which defines a patient's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time, along with study drug discontinuation status. (NCT01565850)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
D/C/F/TAF74.8
DRV+COBI+FTC/TDF74.0

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Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile50th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A2424242460
Experimental: Cohort C2448120NANA
Experimental: Cohort D242424NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B12448NANANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B22472144NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANANANANA

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Percent of Participants That Developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of the diagnosis. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)0.4
Standard of Care (SOC)1.1

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Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental: Cohort A145
Experimental: Sub-cohort B16
Experimental: Sub-cohort B24
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C5
Experimental: Cohort D6

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Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)66
Standard of Care (SOC)89

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Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure[specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit).HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental: Cohort A48
Experimental: Sub-cohort B11
Experimental: Sub-cohort B22
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C1
Experimental: Cohort D5

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Percent of Participants With a Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of the modification. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A1.0
Experimental: Sub-cohort B10
Experimental: Sub-cohort B20
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C0
Experimental: Cohort D0

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Time to First Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Event time was the exact week of the modification. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)45.7NA
Standard of Care (SOC)NANA

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Time to First Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity

Event time was the exact week of the modification. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A45.7NA
Experimental: Cohort CNANA
Experimental: Cohort DNANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B163.3NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B2NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANA

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Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)2424NANA
Standard of Care (SOC)242448NA

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Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A242424144
Experimental: Cohort C48NANANA
Experimental: Cohort D242424NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B124NANANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B224NANANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANANANA

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Time to Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile50th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)24242460NA
Standard of Care (SOC)24242424NA

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Triglycerides

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A) (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48 and 72

,,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A15.412.217.5
Experimental: Cohort C15.49.911.8
Experimental: Cohort D28.924.46.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B1-3.6-11.5-31.3
Experimental: Sub-cohort B227.619.918.9
Experimental: Sub-cohort B336.022.220.7

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation.

Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile50th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A1.08.425.358.6NA
Experimental: Cohort C0.14.129.7NANA
Experimental: Cohort D2.45.147.698.9NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B13.133.459.0NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B24.436.038.6165.6NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B34.44.44.4NANA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen, due to an adverse event. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)3.1NA
Standard of Care (SOC)9.0NA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity

Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen, due to an adverse event. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A2.1106.1NA
Experimental: Cohort C0.1NANA
Experimental: Cohort DNANANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B115.0NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B26.4134.0NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANANA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Treatment Modification or Discontinuation [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)1.05.123.684.0
Standard of Care (SOC)2.422.338.9111.1

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death, an AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Event time was the exact week of death, AIDS-defining event or non-AIDS defining event. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Only new events were considered, an event that was also reported at or prior to study entry was not included. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. AIDS defining events included parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections as well as neoplastic diseases, and neurological disorders. Non-AIDS defining events included malignancies, diabetes, neuropathies, cardiac and renal events. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)4.027.660.6NA
Standard of Care (SOC)4.042.377.9NA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death, an AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event

Event time was the exact week of death, AIDS-defining event or non-AIDS defining event. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Only new events were considered, an event that was also reported at or prior to study entry was not included. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. AIDS defining events included parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections as well as neoplastic diseases, and neurological disorders. Non-AIDS defining events included malignancies, diabetes, neuropathies, cardiac and renal events. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A4.027.657.9NA
Experimental: Cohort C3.336.077.9142.4
Experimental: Cohort D2.424.048.496.3
Experimental: Sub-cohort B13.136.084.0NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B216.350.3120.0NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANANANA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death or Hospitalization.

Event time was the exact week of death or hospitalization. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile50th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A2.413.432.6120.1168.9
Experimental: Cohort C2.07.777.9NANA
Experimental: Cohort D2.35.696.1NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B12.320.380.7NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B23.028.049.7NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B316.416.416.4NANA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the Development of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Event time was the exact week of the diagnosis. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)NANA
Standard of Care (SOC)25.0NA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the Development of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

Event time was the exact week of the diagnosis. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile
Experimental: Cohort ANANA
Experimental: Cohort CNANA
Experimental: Cohort D13.0NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B1NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B225.0NA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Death [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Event time was the exact week of death. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)11.3NANA
Standard of Care (SOC)15.982.1NA

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to Death

Event time was the exact week of death. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,,,,,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile
Experimental: Cohort A11.362.4NA
Experimental: Cohort C77.9NANA
Experimental: Cohort D2.4NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B13.1NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B244.6NANA
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3NANANA

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Triglycerides [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)15.32.213.7
Standard of Care (SOC)18.719.67.1

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Total Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)10.115.117.4
Standard of Care (SOC)14.414.118.7

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Total Cholesterol

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A) (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48 and 72

,,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A5.74.47.6
Experimental: Cohort C16.520.022.1
Experimental: Cohort D7.919.124.5
Experimental: Sub-cohort B116.719.722.6
Experimental: Sub-cohort B232.540.440.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B312.49.928.2

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)2.95.66.0
Standard of Care (SOC)3.63.76.6

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A)] (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48 and 72

,,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A2.83.54.7
Experimental: Cohort C1.02.35.8
Experimental: Cohort D-2.21.83.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B13.25.34.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B211.413.415.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B32.13.84.6

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Glucose [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)3.73.63.6
Standard of Care (SOC)3.75.11.5

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Glucose

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A) (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48 and 72

,,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A1.92.13.0
Experimental: Cohort C2.13.0-0.9
Experimental: Cohort D3.24.27.8
Experimental: Sub-cohort B18.89.36.8
Experimental: Sub-cohort B26.16.2-5.2
Experimental: Sub-cohort B36.61.74.3

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)5.512.011.9
Standard of Care (SOC)9.510.112.8

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Time From Study Entry/Randomization to the First of Death or Hospitalization [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Event time was the exact week of death or hospitalization. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

,
Interventionweeks (Number)
1st percentile5th percentile10th percentile25th percentile
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)2.311.344.6168.9
Standard of Care (SOC)2.320.345.3NA

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Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)19.1
Standard of Care (SOC)13.6

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Values of Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A) (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48 and 72

,,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A1.33.43.9
Experimental: Cohort C12.215.313.6
Experimental: Cohort D9.914.419.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B113.316.322.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B221.528.227.8
Experimental: Sub-cohort B3-0.50.316.6

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ T-cell Count [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)72112145
Standard of Care (SOC)74107134

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Change From Baseline in CD4+ T-cell Count

Baseline is defined as the last measurement obtained on or before the earlier of the following two dates: the date of entry/randomization plus three days (this is the time allowed in the protocol for starting study-defined ART) and the date of starting the study-defined ARV regimen (this second date applies only to Cohorts B, C and D as there is no change of regimen for patients in Cohort A) (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24, 48, and 72

,,,,,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
Change from baseline at week 24Change from baseline at week 48Change from baseline at week 72
Experimental: Cohort A396587
Experimental: Cohort C100160185
Experimental: Cohort D90135165
Experimental: Sub-cohort B1109157182
Experimental: Sub-cohort B2116158197
Experimental: Sub-cohort B314286238

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 72 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]

"The measurement closest to exactly 72 weeks (ie, 7x72=504 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 72 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 463 to 546 days, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 72 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 72 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 72. If a result was expected, missing results at week 72 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 72 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 72 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)0.69
Standard of Care (SOC)0.62

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 72 Weeks

"The measurement closest to exactly 72 weeks (ie, 7x72=504 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 72 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 463 to 546 days, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 72 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 72 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 72. If a result was expected, missing results at week 72 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 72 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL. Since the primary analysis was on the total study population, overall results were also submitted. All participants in B3 had HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 72. Therefore, Wald confidence interval could not be computed for B3 and Clopper-Pearson Exact confidence interval is provided." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 72 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Overall Study0.64
Experimental: Cohort A0.44
Experimental: Sub-cohort B10.92
Experimental: Sub-cohort B20.87
Experimental: Sub-cohort B31.00
Experimental: Cohort C0.85
Experimental: Cohort D0.77

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]

"The measurement closest to exactly 48 weeks (ie, 7x48=336 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 48 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 295 to 378 days after randomization, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Stat. Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 48 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 48 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 48. Missing results at week 48 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 48 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)0.66
Standard of Care (SOC)0.62

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks

"The measurement closest to exactly 48 weeks (ie, 7x48=336 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 48 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 295 to 378 days after randomization, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Stat. Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 48 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 48 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 48. Missing results at week 48 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 48 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL. Since the primary analysis was on the total study population, overall results were also submitted. All participants in B3 had HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 48. Therefore, Wald confidence interval could not be computed for B3 and Clopper-Pearson Exact confidence interval is provided." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Overall Study0.64
Experimental: Cohort A0.44
Experimental: Sub-cohort B10.88
Experimental: Sub-cohort B20.88
Experimental: Sub-cohort B31.00
Experimental: Cohort C0.90
Experimental: Cohort D0.74

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 24 Weeks [CPI+SOC v SOC]

"The measurement closest to exactly 24 weeks (ie, 7x24=168 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 24 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 127 to 210 days after randomization, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Stat. Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 24 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 24 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 24. Missing results at week 24 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 24 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)0.68
Standard of Care (SOC)0.61

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Proportion of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤200 Copies/mL at 24 Weeks

"The measurement closest to exactly 24 weeks (ie, 7x24=168 days) after the date of entry, within the window of 24 weeks ± 6 weeks (specifically 127 to 210 days after randomization, inclusive).~The analysis in the protocol and in the Stat. Analysis Plan involved estimating the proportion of participants in the overall study population with HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 24 with a 95% confidence interval calculated via a Wald approach. Death or lost to follow-up before week 24 was considered as HIV-1 RNA>200 copies/mL at week 24. Missing results at week 24 were considered as HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL at week 24 unless the immediately preceding and succeeding HIV-1 RNA measurements were ≤200 copies/mL. Since the primary analysis was on the total study population, overall results were also submitted. All participants in B3 had HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 24. Therefore, Wald confidence interval could not be computed for B3 and Clopper-Pearson Exact confidence interval is provided." (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after the date of entry

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Overall Study0.64
Experimental: Cohort A0.43
Experimental: Sub-cohort B10.89
Experimental: Sub-cohort B20.88
Experimental: Sub-cohort B31.00
Experimental: Cohort C0.90
Experimental: Cohort D0.74

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Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen, due to an adverse event. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)2.8
Standard of Care (SOC)2.3

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Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation Due to Toxicity by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen, due to an adverse event. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A3.2
Experimental: Sub-cohort B12.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B21.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C4.3
Experimental: Cohort D0

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Percent of Participants Experiencing Death, AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death, AIDS-defining event or non-AIDS defining event. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Only new events were considered, an event that was also reported at or prior to study entry was not included. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. AIDS defining events included parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections as well as neoplastic diseases, and neurological disorders. Non-AIDS defining events included malignancies, diabetes, neuropathies, cardiac and renal events. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A8.8
Experimental: Sub-cohort B15.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B24.2
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C5.8
Experimental: Cohort D5.9

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Percent of Participants With Treatment Modification or Discontinuation by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment modification is defined as the first occurrence of a substitution or subtraction of one or more drugs in the study regimen, a temporary hold lasting 7 days or longer, or the addition of a new drug to the regimen. This would not include splitting any fixed dose combination medications if the participant continues on the active drugs of the combination. Event time was the exact week of the modification or discontinuation. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A19.9
Experimental: Sub-cohort B16.8
Experimental: Sub-cohort B219.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B312.5
Experimental: Cohort C14.3
Experimental: Cohort D11.8

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Percent of Participants With Death or Hospitalization by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death or hospitalization. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)10.6
Standard of Care (SOC)10.6

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Percent of Participants With Death or Hospitalization by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death or hospitalization. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A12.3
Experimental: Sub-cohort B18.1
Experimental: Sub-cohort B29.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B312.5
Experimental: Cohort C5.7
Experimental: Cohort D5.9

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Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing, by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure[specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry(to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit).HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement,allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure.Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement(RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after).Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result.A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)7.8
Standard of Care (SOC)12.1

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Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing, by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure[specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry(to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit).HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement,allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure.Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement(RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after).Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result.Length of follow-up varied by Cohort.A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A16.6
Experimental: Sub-cohort B11.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B21.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C1.5
Experimental: Cohort D15.4

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Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry(to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement,allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)24.9
Standard of Care (SOC)32.2

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Number of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure, Defined as First HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 Copies/mL at or After 24 Weeks on Study, With a New Resistance-associated Mutation Detected in Population-based Sequencing [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure[specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry (to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit).HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement, allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. A new resistance-associated mutation is defined as one not present in the genotype prior to entry. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 through Step 1/2 follow-up; median (IQR) step 1/2 follow-up was 72 (72,108) weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)20
Standard of Care (SOC)32

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Number of Weeks of Follow-up

All participants were followed on step 1/2 until 48 weeks after the last participant was enrolled to step 1 regardless of virologic status or treatment switches. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up

Interventionweeks (Median)
Experimental: Cohort A72
Experimental: Sub-cohort B196
Experimental: Sub-cohort B284
Experimental: Sub-cohort B396
Experimental: Cohort C72
Experimental: Cohort D96

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Percent of Participants With a Dose Modification Due to Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of the modification. Censoring time was the earliest time point between last dose week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 1.0 was used. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)1.2
Standard of Care (SOC)0

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Number of Weeks of Follow-up [CPI+SOC v SOC]

All participants were followed on step 1/2 until 48 weeks after the last participant was enrolled to step 1 regardless of virologic status or treatment switches. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry through Step 1/2 follow-up

Interventionweeks (Median)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)72
Standard of Care (SOC)72

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Percent of Participants Experiencing Death by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A3.9
Experimental: Sub-cohort B11.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B21.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C0
Experimental: Cohort D2.9

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Percent of Participants Experiencing Death by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)3.9
Standard of Care (SOC)1.5

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Percent of Participants With Confirmed Virologic Failure by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Virologic failure was confirmed by the next HIV-1 RNA measurement ≥1000 copies/mL (irrespective of time between initial and confirmatory measure [specimens on separate dates] and treatment status). A week 24 measurement included HIV-1 RNA obtained ≥7*22=154 days after study entry(to allow for 14 day window for scheduling the visit). HIV-1 RNA measurements through and including 21 November 2016 were considered in identifying an initial failing measurement,allowing HIV-1 RNA at the close-out visit between 22 November 2016 and 13 February 2017 to be a confirmatory measure. Event times were the scheduled week of the initial failing measurement (RNA scheduled at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and every 24 weeks after). Censoring times were the scheduled week of the last RNA result. Length of follow-up varied by Cohort. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From week 24 to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A48.9
Experimental: Sub-cohort B18.2
Experimental: Sub-cohort B22.9
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C5.8
Experimental: Cohort D18.6

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Percent of Participants Experiencing Death, AIDS-defining Event or a Non-AIDS-defining Event by Week 48 [CPI+SOC v SOC]

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of death, AIDS-defining event or non-AIDS defining event. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. Only new events were considered, an event that was also reported at or prior to study entry was not included. If a participant experienced multiple events, then the time of the first event was used in the analysis. AIDS defining events included parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections as well as neoplastic diseases, and neurological disorders. Non-AIDS defining events included malignancies, diabetes, neuropathies, cardiac and renal events. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cell Phone Intervention (CPI) + Standard of Care (SOC)8.2
Standard of Care (SOC)6.5

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Percent of Participants That Developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) by Week 48

Results report percent of participants reaching outcome by week 48 using Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was the exact week of the diagnosis. Censoring time was the earlier of last contact week and the week of the last step 1/2 visit. (NCT01641367)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental: Cohort A0.7
Experimental: Sub-cohort B10
Experimental: Sub-cohort B21.4
Experimental: Sub-cohort B30
Experimental: Cohort C0
Experimental: Cohort D3.0

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AUC

24-hour area under the curve (AUC) for pitavastatin when coadministered with efavirenz and with darunavir/ritonavir and 24-hour AUC for efavirenz or darunavir when coadministered with pitavastatin (NCT01695954)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Arm A: (Pitavastatin and Efavirenz)85.3
Arm B: (Pitavastatin and Darunavir)62.8

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GMR of 24- Hour AUC of Pitavastatin When Coadministered With Efavirenz or With Darunavir/Ritonavir Over 24 Hour AUC of Pitavastatin

Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) of 24- Hour Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) of pitavastatin when coadministered with efavirenz or with darunavir/ritonavir over 24 Hour (AUC) of pitavastatin (NCT01695954)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

,
InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
GMR of Pitavastatin with (EFV or DRV)/PitavastatinGMR of (EFV or DRV) with Pitavastatin/(EFV or DRV)
Arm A: (Pitavastatin and Efavirenz).89.90
Arm B: (Pitavastatin and Darunavir).911.08

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GMR of Cmax of Pitavastatin When Coadministered With Efavirenz or With Darunavir/Ritonavir

Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) of Cmax for pitavastatin with Efavirenz vs. alone and GMR of Cmax for pitavastatin with darunavir/ritonavir vs. alone was reported. (NCT01695954)
Timeframe: Day 18

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Arm A: (Pitavastatin and Efavirenz)1.20
Arm B: (Pitavastatin and Ritonavir-boosted Darunavir)0.93

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Change in Percentage of Total Artery Diameter

computerized axial tomography angiography of the coronary arteries (CT-angio) before and after 12-months of Darunavir therapy (NCT01869634)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months

Intervention% of total artery diameter (Median)
HIV Positive Naive to ART57
Normal Control Volunteers53

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Change in Systemic Immune Activation

Change in systemic immune activation, as measured by change in plasma cytokine levels (IL-6). (NCT01869634)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
HIV Positive Naive to ART1.74
Normal Control Volunteers0.66

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Number of CD4+ T-cells in the Lamina Propria/mm2 Before and After 12 Months of Therapy Compared to Age-matched Control Volunteers Without HIV

CD4+ T-cells in the lamina propria/mm2 before and after 12 months of therapy compared to age-matched control volunteers without HIV. (NCT01869634)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months

Interventioncells / mm^2 (Median)
Entry
Normal Control Volunteers478

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Number of CD4+ T-cells in the Lamina Propria/mm2 Before and After 12 Months of Therapy Compared to Age-matched Control Volunteers Without HIV

CD4+ T-cells in the lamina propria/mm2 before and after 12 months of therapy compared to age-matched control volunteers without HIV. (NCT01869634)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months

Interventioncells / mm^2 (Median)
Entry12-months after ART
HIV Positive Naive to ART80213

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was estimated from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-6 equation. The MDRD-6 equation = 198 × [serum creatinine(mg/dL)]^-0.858 × [age]-0.167 × [0.822 if patient is female] × [1.178 if patient is black] × [serum urea nitrogen concentration (mg/dL)]^-0.293 × [urine urea nitrogen excretion (g/d)]^0.249. (NCT02116660)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionmL/min (Mean)
Raltegravir Plus Nevirapine Plus Lamivudine-1.1
Protease Inhibitor/Ritonavir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine-5.5

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HIV-1 RNA Viral Load

"Percentage of subjects who have plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 cps/ml after 24 weeks of follow-up following a switch to DRV/r monotherapy versus continuing triple therapy containing 2 NRTIs + LPV/r (or ATV/r), using the FDA Time to Loss of Virologic Response method. The FDA 'Snapshot' algorithm evaluates HIV RNA response using only the results at the week 24 time-point which also means that rebound at earlier time-points are not classified as treatment failure, unless it lead to discontinuation prior to the week 48." (NCT02155101)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ART With 2 NRTIs Plus LPV/r (or ATV/r)36
Darunavir62

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HIV-1 RNA Viral Load

"Percentage of subjects who have plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 cps/ml after 12 weeks of follow-up following a switch to DRV/r monotherapy versus continuing triple therapy containing 2 NRTIs + LPV/r (or ATV/r), using the FDA Time to Loss of Virologic Response method. The FDA 'Snapshot' algorithm evaluates HIV RNA response using only the results at the week 12 time-point which also means that rebound at earlier time-points are not classified as treatment failure, unless it lead to discontinuation prior to the week 48." (NCT02155101)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ART With 2 NRTIs Plus LPV/r (or ATV/r)35
Darunavir73

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HIV-1 RNA Viral Load

Percentage of subjects who have plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <400 cps/ml after 24 weeks of follow-up following a switch to DRV/r monotherapy versus continuing triple therapy containing 2 NRTIs + LPV/r (or ATV/r) (FDA Snapshot method). The FDA 'Snapshot' algorithm evaluates HIV RNA response using only the results at the week 24 time-point which also means that rebound at earlier time-points are not classified as treatment failure, unless it lead to discontinuation prior to the week 48. (NCT02155101)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ART With 2 NRTIs Plus LPV/r (or ATV/r)37
Darunavir72

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Time of Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Daclatasvir

Tmax was obtained from concentration-time plot of daclatasvir by using non-compartmental method by a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

Interventionhours (Median)
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)2.00
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir3.00
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)2.00
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir2.00

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Plasma Concentration Observed at 24 Hours Postdose (C24) of Daclatasvir

C24 was obtained from concentration time plot of daclatasvir by using noncompartmental method by a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)225
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir250
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)225
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir280

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Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Vital Sign Measurements

Criteria for abnormalities in vital sign measurements: Diastolic blood pressure: Value >90 and change from baseline > 0 or value < 55 and change from baseline <-10. Systolic blood pressure: Value >140 and change from baseline >20 or value <90 and change from baseline <-20. Heart rate: Value >100 and change from baseline >30 or value <55 and change from baseline <-15. Respiration: Value >16 or change from baseline >10. Temperature: Value >38.3°C or change from baseline >1.6°C. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment (Day 1) to study discharge (up to 15 days)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Group 1: Daclatasvir + Darunavir/Ritonavir3
Group 2: Daclatasvir + Lopinavir/Ritonavir2

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Daclatasvir

Cmax was obtained from concentration-time plot using a noncompartmental method and a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)1335
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir493
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)1412
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir476

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Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

Abnormalities in ECG findings included: PR ≥210 msec, QRS ≥120 msec, QT ≥500 msec, QTcF ≥450 msec, and second- or third-degree heart block. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment (Day 1) to study discharge (up to 15 days)

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
PR >210QRS >120QT >500QTcF >450
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir4001
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)2000
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir1000
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)0000

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Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Urinalysis and Other Chemistry Testing Results

Criteria for marked abnormalities on laboratory test results: urinary dipstick blood: ≥2 if pretreatment (PreRx) <1, ≥2 if PreRx is missing or ≥2*PreRx if PreRx ≥1. Urinary microscopic red blood cell (RBC): ≥2 if PreRx <2, ≥2 if PreRx is missing or ≥4 if PreRx ≥2. Urinary microscopic white blood cell (WBC): ≥2 if PreRx <2, ≥2 if PreRx is missing or ≥4 if PreRx ≥2. Lactate dehydrogenase >1.25*upper limit of normal (ULN) if PreRx ≤ULN, >1.25*ULN if PreRx is missing and >1.5*PreRx if PreRx >ULN. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment (Day 1) to study discharge (up to 15 days)

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Blood, urineRBC, urineWBC, urineLactate dehydrogenase
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir1132
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)2112
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir0001
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)1001

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Number of Participants With Marked Abnormalities in Hematology Laboratory Test Results

Criteria for marked abnormalities in test results: Platelet count >1.5*upper limits of normal (ULN) value, >1.5*ULN if pretreatment (PreRx) value is missing, <0.85*lower limit of normal (LLN) if PreRx ≥LLN, <0.85*LLN if PreRx is missing, <0.85*PreRx if PreRx 1.2*ULN if LLN ≤PreRx ≤ULN, >1.2*ULN if PreRx is missing, >1.5*PreRx if PreRx >ULN, >ULN if PreRx ULN. Lymphocytes >7.5*10^3 c/uL and <0.75*10^3 c/uL. Neutrophils <0.85*PreRx if PreRx <1.5*ULN, <1.5*ULN if PreRx ≥1.5*ULN and <1.5*ULN if PreRx is missing. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment (Day 1) to study discharge (up to 15 days)

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Platelet CountLeukocytesNeutrophils (absolute)Lymphocytes (absolute)
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir0121
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)1000
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir0100
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)0110

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Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) and Who Died

AE was defined as any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with treatment. SAE was defined as a medical event that at any dose resulted in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/abuse; was life threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or required or prolonged hospitalization. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment (Day 1) to study discharge for AEs (up to 15 days); Day 1 to 30 days after last dose of study treatment for SAEs (up to 44 days)

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
SAEDiscontinued due to AEsDeath
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir030
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)000
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir010
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)000

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Dose-normalized Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax/D) and Dose-normalized Plasma Concentration Observed at 24 Hours Postdose (C24/D) of Daclatasvir

Cmax/D and C24/D are obtained from concentration-time plot of daclatasvir by using noncompartmental method by a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

,,,
Interventionng/mL/mg (Geometric Mean)
Cmax/DC24/D
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir16.48.34
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)22.23.75
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir15.99.33
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)23.53.76

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Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve in 1 Dosing Interval (AUC[TAU]) for Daclatasvir

AUC(TAU) was the area under the curve from time zero to end of dosing interval. AUC(TAU) was obtained from concentration-time plot of daclatasvir using noncompartmental method and a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

Interventionng*h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Daclatasvir (60 mg) Days 1-412677
Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir Days 5-148295
Daclatasvir (60 mg) Days 5-1413799
Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir Days 5-147855

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Dose-normalized Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve in 1 Dosing Interval (AUC[TAU]/D) of Daclatasvir

AUC(TAU)/D was obtained from concentration-time plot of daclatasvir by using noncompartmental method by a validated pharmacokinetic analysis program. (NCT02159352)
Timeframe: Predose (0 hour) on Day 2, 3 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours on Day 4 (Period 1); Predose (0 hour) on Day 12, 13 and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hour on Day 14 (Period 2)

Intervention(ng*h/mL)/mg (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Daclatasvir (60 mg)211
Group 1: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Darunavir/Ritonavir276
Group 2: Daclatasvir (60 mg)230
Group 2: Daclatasvir (30 mg) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir262

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) at Week 48

Serum LDL-C was determined after an overnight fast. Change from Baseline was analyzed using ANCOVA models with terms for Baseline lipid level and treatment group. The Last Observation Carry Forward (LOCF) approach was applied for missing data or data collected after modifying lipid-lowering therapy. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg91.769.92
Doravirine 100 mg91.10-4.51

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) at Week 48

Serum non-HDL-C was determined after an overnight fast. Change from Baseline was analyzed using ANCOVA models with terms for Baseline lipid level and treatment group. The LOCF approach was applied for missing data or data collected after modifying lipid-lowering therapy. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg114.4413.75
Doravirine 100 mg113.34-5.30

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 48

Serum total cholesterol was determined after an overnight fast. Change from Baseline was analyzed using ANCOVA models with terms for Baseline lipid level and treatment group. The LOCF approach was applied for missing data or data collected after modifying lipid-lowering therapy. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg157.7117.90
Doravirine 100 mg156.92-1.37

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Triglyceride at Week 48

Serum triglyceride was determined after an overnight fast. Change from Baseline was analyzed using ANCOVA models with terms for Baseline lipid level and treatment group. The LOCF approach was applied for missing data or data collected after modifying lipid-lowering therapy. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg117.0221.97
Doravirine 100 mg111.16-3.14

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 96

"The percentage of participants in each arm achieving HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL at Week 96 was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay. Data were handled according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot approach and all missing data were considered treatment failures, regardless of the reason." (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Week 96

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg73.1
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg66.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 Copies/mL at Week 48

"The percentage of participants in each arm achieving HIV-1 RNA levels <40 copies/mL at Week 48 was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay. Data were handled according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot approach and all missing data were considered treatment failures, regardless of the reason." (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg83.3
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg79.1

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Change From Baseline in Mean CD4+ T-cell Count at Week 48

CD4+ T-cell counts were quantified by a central laboratory using a commercially available assay. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionCells/mm^3 (Mean)
Doravirine 100 mg192.7
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg185.6

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Change From Baseline in Mean CD4+ T-cell Count at Week 96

CD4+ T-cell counts were quantified by a central laboratory using a commercially available assay. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 96

InterventionCells/mm^3 (Mean)
Doravirine 100 mg224.1
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg206.7

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48

"The percentage of participants in each arm achieving HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL at Week 48 was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay. Data were handled according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot approach and all missing data were considered treatment failures, regardless of the reason." (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Week 48

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg83.8
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg79.9

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 Copies/mL at Week 96

"The percentage of participants in each arm achieving HIV-1 RNA levels <40 copies/mL at Week 96 was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay. Data were handled according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) snapshot approach and all missing data were considered treatment failures, regardless of the reason." (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Week 96

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg72.0
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg64.4

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Percentage of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event

A serious adverse event is an AE that results in death, is life threatening, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, results in or prolongs a hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly or birth defect, is a cancer, is associated with an overdose, or is another important medical event. The percentage of participants with any SAE was assessed. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Up to 98 weeks

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg7.0
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg8.6

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Percentage of Participants With Any Adverse Event

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship to treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the study treatment or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to study treatment or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the study treatment is also an AE. The percentage of participants with any AE was assessed. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Up to 98 weeks

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg84.6
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg82.8

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an Adverse Event

The percentage of participants who discontinued study treatment due to an AE was assessed. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Up to 96 weeks

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Doravirine 100 mg1.6
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg3.4

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 48

Serum HDL-C was determined after an overnight fast. Change from Baseline was analyzed using ANCOVA models with terms for Baseline lipid level and treatment group. The LOCF approach was applied for missing data or data collected after modifying lipid-lowering therapy. (NCT02275780)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Daurunavir 800 mg + Ritonavir 100 mg43.274.15
Doravirine 100 mg43.583.94

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Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels at Weeks 24 and 48

Change from baseline in ALP at Weeks 24 and 48 was reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
InterventionUnits per liter (U/L) (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-3.2-1.1
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)12.015.1

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Change From Baseline in BMD T-score of Hip and Spine

BMD status was assessed using BMD T-scores; normal bone status was defined by a BMD T-score >= -1, osteopenia by a T-score >= -2.5 to <-1.0, and osteoporosis by a T-score <-2.5. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
InterventionBMD T-score (Mean)
Hip region BMD T-score (Week 24)Spine region BMD T-score (Week 24)Hip region BMD T-score (Week 48)Spine region BMD T-score (Week 48)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.019-0.1210.015-0.061
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-0.109-0.322-0.177-0.225

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Change From Baseline in Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D), at Week 24 and 48

Change from baseline in 25-OH Vitamin D levels at Week 24 and 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
Interventionnanomol per liter (nmol/L) (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])12.716.9
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)22.128.3

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Change From Baseline in Levels of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Weeks 24 and 48

Change from baseline in PTH at Weeks 24 and 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
InterventionPicomol per liter (pmol/L) (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.113-0.004
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)0.7770.633

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Change From Baseline in Levels of Serum Collagen Type 1 Beta Carboxy Telopeptide (CTX) at Weeks 24 and 48

Change from baseline in serum CTX at Weeks 24 and 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
Interventionmcg/L (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.0470.046
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)0.2830.226

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Change From Baseline in Levels of Serum Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) at Weeks 24 and 48

Change from baseline in serum P1NP at Weeks 24 and 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
Interventionmicrogram per liter (mcg/L) (Mean)
Week 24Week 48
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])1.8920.065
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)24.67924.251

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Change From Reference in BMD T-score of Hip and Spine at Week 96

BMD status was assessed using BMD T-scores; normal bone status was defined by a BMD T-score >= -1, osteopenia by a T-score >= -2.5 to <-1.0, and osteoporosis by a T-score <-2.5. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

,
InterventionBMD T-score (Mean)
Hip region BMD T-scoreSpine region BMD T-score
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.016-0.090
Switch to D/C/F/TAF0.0250.034

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Number of Participants With ARV Resistance

Number of participants with DRV, FTC, TDF/TAF resistance were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of extension (up to 4 years)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs)TFV RAMsFTC RAMs
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])002
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)001
Switch to D/C/F/TAF002

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Percent Change From Reference in Hip and Spine BMD

"The BMD is the amount of mineral in gram per square centimeter of bone, which was assessed by DEXA scan. Positive values are best values and negative values are worst values of change. Percent change from reference in hip and spine BMD was assessed. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group." (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

,
InterventionPercent change in BMD (Mean)
Hip region BMDSpine region BMD
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.2565-0.9349
Switch to D/C/F/TAF0.54670.4829

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Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability

Treatment adherence assessed by drug accountability (based on pill count) from start of treatment/switch to last study drug intake by determination of the cumulative treatment adherence in participants who returned all dispensed bottles prior to or at the last visit in the study. Adherent participants were defined as having an adherence >95% as assessed by drug accountability. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline to Switch and switch to EOE to Open-Label D/C/F/TAF (Up to 3 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Baseline to Switch (double-blind treatment)
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)82.6

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Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability

Treatment adherence assessed by drug accountability (based on pill count) from start of treatment/switch to last study drug intake by determination of the cumulative treatment adherence in participants who returned all dispensed bottles prior to or at the last visit in the study. Adherent participants were defined as having an adherence >95% as assessed by drug accountability. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline to Switch and switch to EOE to Open-Label D/C/F/TAF (Up to 3 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Switch to End of Extension (open-label D/C/F/TAF)
Switch to D/C/F/TAF88.7

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Percentage of Participants With >95% Treatment Adherence Assessed by Drug Accountability

Treatment adherence assessed by drug accountability (based on pill count) from start of treatment/switch to last study drug intake by determination of the cumulative treatment adherence in participants who returned all dispensed bottles prior to or at the last visit in the study. Adherent participants were defined as having an adherence >95% as assessed by drug accountability. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline to Switch and switch to EOE to Open-Label D/C/F/TAF (Up to 3 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Baseline to Switch (double-blind treatment)Switch to End of Extension (open-label D/C/F/TAF)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])87.292.2

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Through Week 48

AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Events with Grade 3 or higher (3=Severe; 4=life-threatening; 5=fatal) are events that significantly interrupt usual daily activity, require systemic drug therapy/other treatment and are, in many situations, considered unacceptable or intolerable events. SAE is any adverse event (AE) that results in: death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is life-threatening experience, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and may jeopardize participant and/or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Up to Weeks 48

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsSAEsPremature discontinuations due to AEs
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])4.70.64.71.9
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)4.41.75.84.4

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Through Week 96

AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Events with Grade 3 or higher (3=Severe; 4=life-threatening; 5=fatal) are events that significantly interrupt usual daily activity, require systemic drug therapy/other treatment and are, in many situations, considered unacceptable or intolerable events. SAE is any adverse event (AE) that results in: death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is life-threatening experience, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and may jeopardize participant and/or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Up to Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsSAEsPremature discontinuations due to AEs
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])11.60.810.82.8
Switch to D/C/F/TAF3.71.42.70.3

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 AEs, SAEs, and Premature Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events Post-Week 96 to End of Extension

AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Events with Grade 3 or higher (3=Severe; 4=life-threatening; 5=fatal) are events that significantly interrupt usual daily activity, require systemic drug therapy/other treatment and are, in many situations, considered unacceptable or intolerable events. SAE is any adverse event (AE) that results in: death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is life-threatening experience, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and may jeopardize participant and/or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsSAEsPremature discontinuations due to AEs
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])3.503.21.0
Switch to D/C/F/TAF5.21.34.81.3

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Percentage of Participants With HIV RNA <50, <20, and <200 Copies/mL Post-week 96 to End of Extension

Percentage of participants with HIV RNA <50, <20, and <200 copies/mL post Week 96 to end of extension were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 96 + 6 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 12 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 18 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 24 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 30 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 36 months (<50 copies/mL)Week 96 + 6 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 12 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 18 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 24 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 30 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 36 months (<20 copies/mL)Week 96 + 6 months (<200 copies/mL)Week 96 + 12 months (<200 copies/mL)Week 96 + 18 months (<200 copies/mL)Week 96 + 24 months (<200 copies/mL)Week 96 + 30 months (<200 copies/mL)Week 96 + 36 months (<200 copies/mL)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])97.799.098.197.594.7100.085.889.792.490.189.594.799.7100.098.797.596.5100.0
Switch to D/C/F/TAF96.396.798.295.791.468.888.291.692.887.084.562.599.399.598.297.898.387.5

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA less than (<) 20, 50, and 200 copies per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 based on TLOVR algorithm were assessed. TLOVR requires sustained HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies per mL; confirmed HIV-1 RNA >= 50 copies per mL is considered as non-response (rebound); participant is considered non-responder after permanent discontinuation. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Week 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At Week 48: < 20 Copies per mLAt Week 48: <50 Copies per mLAt Week 48: <200 Copies per mL
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)79.988.791.7

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA less than (<) 20, 50, and 200 copies per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 based on TLOVR algorithm were assessed. TLOVR requires sustained HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies per mL; confirmed HIV-1 RNA >= 50 copies per mL is considered as non-response (rebound); participant is considered non-responder after permanent discontinuation. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Week 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At Week 96: <20 Copies per mLAt Week 96: <50 Copies per mLAt Week 96: <200 Copies per mL
Switch to D/C/F/TAF78.493.896.9

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 20, 50, and 200 Copies Per mL at Week 48 and 96 Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA less than (<) 20, 50, and 200 copies per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 based on TLOVR algorithm were assessed. TLOVR requires sustained HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies per mL; confirmed HIV-1 RNA >= 50 copies per mL is considered as non-response (rebound); participant is considered non-responder after permanent discontinuation. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Week 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At Week 48: < 20 Copies per mLAt Week 48: <50 Copies per mLAt Week 48: <200 Copies per mLAt Week 96: <20 Copies per mLAt Week 96: <50 Copies per mLAt Week 96: <200 Copies per mL
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])82.691.293.173.285.186.7

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 20/200 copies per mL using FDA snapshot approach were reported. The snapshot approach classified participants into 3 outcome categories: 1) virologic success (HIV RNA < 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 2) virologic failure (HIV RNA >= 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 3) no viral load data in the Week 48 and 96 visit window (discontinued due to adverse event/death/other reason). The missing HIV-1 RNA is considered as non-response. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At week 48: <20 Copies per mLAt week 48: <200 Copies per mL
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)79.390.6

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 20/200 copies per mL using FDA snapshot approach were reported. The snapshot approach classified participants into 3 outcome categories: 1) virologic success (HIV RNA < 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 2) virologic failure (HIV RNA >= 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 3) no viral load data in the Week 48 and 96 visit window (discontinued due to adverse event/death/other reason). The missing HIV-1 RNA is considered as non-response. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At week 96: <20 Copies per mLAt week 96: <200 Copies per mL
Switch to D/C/F/TAF83.596.9

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <20 and 200 Copies Per mL at Weeks 48 and 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach

Percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 20/200 copies per mL using FDA snapshot approach were reported. The snapshot approach classified participants into 3 outcome categories: 1) virologic success (HIV RNA < 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 2) virologic failure (HIV RNA >= 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48 and 96), 3) no viral load data in the Week 48 and 96 visit window (discontinued due to adverse event/death/other reason). The missing HIV-1 RNA is considered as non-response. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At week 48: <20 Copies per mLAt week 48: <200 Copies per mLAt week 96: <20 Copies per mLAt week 96: <200 Copies per mL
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])82.692.876.286.2

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Percentage of Participants With Non-PDVF by Kaplan-Meier Estimates

Percentage of participants with non-PDVF by Kaplan-Meier Estimates were reported. PDVF was defined as having virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 reduction from baseline and >=50 copies/mL at the Week 8 visit, confirmed at the next visit), virologic rebound (confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL after confirmed consecutive HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or confirmed >1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from nadir), or viremic at final time point (final available on treatment HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Week 96 to end of extension (up to 2 years and 6 months)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 96Week 96 + 6 monthsWeek 96 + 12 monthsWeek 96 + 18 monthsWeek 96 + 24 monthsWeek 96 + 30 months
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])10099.699.698.697.397.3
Switch to D/C/F/TAF10099.299.297.897.892.5

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Percentage of Participants With PDVF Post-week 96 to End of Extension

Percentage of participants with PDVF were reported. Protocol-defined virologic failure was defined as having virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 reduction from baseline and >=50 copies/mL at the Week 8 visit, confirmed at the next visit), virologic rebound (confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL after confirmed consecutive HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or confirmed >1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from nadir), or viremic at final time point (final available on treatment HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants who met PDVFVirologic non-responseVirologic reboundViremic at final time point
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])1.001.00
Switch to D/C/F/TAF2.101.40.7

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Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)

Percentage of participants with PDVF were reported. Protocol-defined virologic failure was defined as having virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 reduction from baseline and >=50 copies/mL at the Week 8 visit, confirmed at the next visit), virologic rebound (confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL after confirmed consecutive HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or confirmed >1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from nadir), or viremic at final time point (final available on treatment HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants who met PDVF (Baseline - Switch)Virologic non-response (Baseline - Switch)Virologic rebound (Baseline - Switch)Viremic at final time point (Baseline - Switch)
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)4.403.90.6

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Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)

Percentage of participants with PDVF were reported. Protocol-defined virologic failure was defined as having virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 reduction from baseline and >=50 copies/mL at the Week 8 visit, confirmed at the next visit), virologic rebound (confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL after confirmed consecutive HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or confirmed >1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from nadir), or viremic at final time point (final available on treatment HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants who met PDVF (Baseline - Week 96)Virologic non-response (Baseline - Week 96)Virologic rebound (Baseline-Week 96)Viremic at final time point (Baseline-Week 96)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])4.10.60.30.6

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Percentage of Participants With Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF)

Percentage of participants with PDVF were reported. Protocol-defined virologic failure was defined as having virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA <1 log10 reduction from baseline and >=50 copies/mL at the Week 8 visit, confirmed at the next visit), virologic rebound (confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL after confirmed consecutive HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or confirmed >1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from nadir), or viremic at final time point (final available on treatment HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants who met PDVF (Switch - Week 96)Virologic non-response (Switch - Week 96)Virologic rebound (Switch - Week 96)Viremic at final time point (Switch - Week 96)
Switch to D/C/F/TAF1.101.10

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Percentage of Participants With Time to Treatment Failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates

Percentage of participants with time to treatment failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates were reported. Treatment failure was defined as having either protocol-defined virologic failure or having discontinued for reasons other than alternate access to D/C/F/TAF (or other ARVs). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 96Week 96 + 6 monthsWeek 96 + 12 monthsWeek 96 + 18 monthsWeek 96 + 24 monthsWeek 96 + 30 months
Switch to D/C/F/TAF10097.494.189.586.479.1

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Percentage of Participants With Time to Treatment Failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates

Percentage of participants with time to treatment failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates were reported. Treatment failure was defined as having either protocol-defined virologic failure or having discontinued for reasons other than alternate access to D/C/F/TAF (or other ARVs). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 96Week 96 + 6 monthsWeek 96 + 12 monthsWeek 96 + 18 monthsWeek 96 + 24 monthsWeek 96 + 30 monthsWeek 96 + 36 months
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])10098.995.690.687.184.884.8

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Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine at Week 48

Change from baseline in serum creatinine at Week 48 was reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmilligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.05
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)0.09

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Percent Change From Baseline in Hip and Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

"The BMD is the amount of mineral in gram per square centimeter of bone, which was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Positive values are best values and negative values are worst values of change. Percent change from baseline in hip and spine BMD was assessed." (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48

,
InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Hip region BMD (Week 24)Spine region BMD (Week 24)Hip region BMD (Week 48)Spine region BMD (Week 48)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.29-1.340.17-0.68
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-1.66-3.43-2.69-2.38

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve Across the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of Tenofovir Alafenamide

The AUCtau is the measure of the plasma drug concentration from time zero to end of dosing interval. It is used to characterize drug absorption. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: 30 minutes to 4 hours postdose at Weeks 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 and at 2 timepoints with at least 2.5 hours in between sampling at Week 8 and 36 (first sample between 1 and 4 hours postdose)

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
Tenofovir Alafenamide 10 mg [D/C/F/TAF (Test)]132.3117

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time of Administration to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC0-24h) of Darunavir

AUC (0-24) is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours post-dose. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours post dose

Interventionhours*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg [D/C/F/TAF]87909.3282

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Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation-4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 48

The immunologic change was determined by changes in Cluster of CD4+ cell count. Change from baseline in CD4+ cell count at Week 48 were assessed. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionCells per millimeter cube (cells/mm^3) (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])190.49
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)172.01

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Formula at Week 48

Change from baseline in eGFRcr was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation as per which Stage 1 (normal or high GFR [>=90 mL/min]); Stage 2 (Mild CKD [60 to 90 mL/min]); Stage 3 (Moderate CKD [30 to 59mL/min]); Stage 4 (Severe CKD [15 to 29 mL/min]); Stage 5 (End Stage CKD [<15 mL/min]). The eGFRcr was assessed by calculating serum creatinine (Scr) using the equation: eGFRcr milliliter per minute per 1.72 meter square (mL/min/1.73m^2) = 144*(Scr/0.7)^-0.329*0.993^age (Scr =< 0.7 mg/dL) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 144*(Scr/0.7)^-1.209*0.993^age (Scr >0.7 mg/dL) for female participants and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 141*(Scr/0.9)^-0.411*0.993^age (Scr =<0.9 mg/dL) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 141*(Scr/0.9)^-1.209*0.993^age (Scr >0.9 mg/dL) for male participants. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-6.04
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-9.16

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine by (Cockcroft-Gault Formula) at Week 48

Change from baseline in eGFRcr by cockcroft-gault formula at Week 48. The eGFRcr was assessed by calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and was assessed using CrCl [mL/min] = (140 - A) * W / (72 * C) * R. Where A is age at sample date [years], W is body weight at specific visit (kilogram [kg]), C is the serum concentration of creatinine [mg/dL], R = 1 if the participant is male and = 0.85 if female. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmilliliter per minute (mL/min) (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-5.16
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-11.20

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Plasma Concentrations 2 Hours After Dosing (C0-2h) of Tenofovir Alafenamide

C0-2h is defined as the plasma concentrations 2 hours after dosing. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: 0 to 2 hours post dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Tenofovir Alafenamide 10 mg [D/C/F/TAF (Test)]11.9785

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst) by CKD-EPI Formula at Week 48

Change from baseline in eGFRcyst was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation as per which Stage 1 (normal or high GFR) >= 90 indicates normal kidney function; Stage 2 (Mild CKD): 60 to 89 mL/min indicates mildly reduced kidney function; Stage 3 (Moderate CKD): 30 to 59 mL/min indicates moderately reduced kidney function; Stage 4 (Severe CKD): 15 to 29 mL/min indicates severely reduced kidney function; Stage 5 (End Stage of CKD): <15 mL/min indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure. The eGFRcyst was assessed by calculated serum cystatin C (Scyst) using the equation: eGFRcyst mL/min/1.73m^2 = 133 * (Scyst/0,8)^-0.499 * 0.996^age [* 0.932 if female] (Scyst =<0.8 mg/L) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 133 * (Scyst/0,8)^-1.328 * 0.996^age [* 0.932 if male] (Scyst >0.8 mg/L). (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])5.32
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)2.92

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Change From Baseline in log10 HIV-1 RNA Levels at Week 48

Change from baseline in log10 HIV-1 RNA levels were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionlog10 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-2.95
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-2.91

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Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) at Week 48

Change from baseline in UACR at Week 48 was reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.58
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-0.15

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Change From Baseline in Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin to Creatinine Ratio (UB2MGCR) at Week 48

Change from baseline in UB2MGCR at Week 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmcg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-30.42
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)18.36

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Change From Baseline in Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) at Week 48

Change from baseline in UPCR at Week 48 was reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmilligram per gram (mg/g) (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-15.72
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)-10.53

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Change From Baseline in Urine Retinol Binding Protein To Creatinine Ratio (URBPCR) at Week 48

Change from baseline in URBPCR at Week 48 were reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

Interventionmicrogram per gram (mcg/g) (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])7.00
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)35.02

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Change From Reference in ALP Levels

Change from reference in ALP levels at Week 96 was reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

InterventionU/L (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.9
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-9.7

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Change From Reference in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 96

The immunologic change was determined by changes in cluster of differentiation (CD4+) cell count. Change from reference in CD4+ cell count at Week 96 was assessed. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])228.85
Switch to D/C/F/TAF27.01

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Change From Reference in eGFRcr by CKD-EPI Formula

Change from reference in eGFRcr was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation as per Stage 1 (normal or high GFR) to Stage 5 (End Stage of CKD). The eGFRcr was assessed by calculating serum creatinine (Scr) using the CKD-EPI equation: eGFRcr milliliter per minute per 1.72 meter square (mL/min/1.73m^2) = 144 * (Scr/0.7)^-0.329 * 0.993^age (Scr =< 0.7 mg/dL) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 144 * (Scr/0.7)^-1.209 * 0.993^age (Scr >0.7 mg/dL) for female participants and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 141 x (Scr/0.9)^-0.411 x 0.993^age (Scr =<0.9 mg/dL) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 141 * (Scr/0.9)^-1.209 x 0.993^age (Scr >0.9 mg/dL) for male participants. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-5.6
Switch to D/C/F/TAF2.3

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Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine by Cockcroft-Gault Formula

Change from reference in eGFRcr by cockcroft-gault formula was reported. The eGFRcr was assessed by calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and was assessed using CrCl [mL/min] = (140 - A) * W / (72 * C) * R. Where A is age at sample date [years], W is body weight at specific visit (kilogram [kg]), C is the serum concentration of creatinine [mg/dL], R = 1 if the participant is male and = 0.85 if female. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

InterventionmL/min (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-5.2
Switch to D/C/F/TAF4.6

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Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst) by CKD-EPI Formula

Change from reference in eGFRcyst was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation as per Stage 1 (normal or high GFR) to Stage 5 (End Stage of CKD): <15 mL/min indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure. The eGFRcyst was assessed by calculated serum cystatin C (Scyst) using the CKD-EPI equation: eGFRcyst mL/min/1.73m^2 = 133 * (Scyst/0,8)^-0.499 * 0.996^age [x 0.932 if female] (Scyst =<0.8 mg/L) and eGFRcr mL/min/1.73m^2 = 133 * (Scyst/0,8)^-1.328 * 0.996^age [* 0.932 if male] (Scyst >0.8 mg/L). Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

InterventionmL/min/1.73 m^2 (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])4.4
Switch to D/C/F/TAF0

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Change From Reference in Levels of 25-OH Vitamin D

Change from reference in 25-OH Vitamin D were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])21.3
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-10.3

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Change From Reference in Levels of PTH

Change from reference in PTH levels were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.290
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-1.283

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Change From Reference in Levels of Serum CTX

Change from reference in serum CTX levels were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmcg/L (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.041
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-0.162

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Change From Reference in Levels of Serum P1NP

Change from reference in serum P1NP levels were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmcg/L (Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])2.817
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-11.963

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Change From Reference in log10 HIV-1 RNA Levels at Week 96

Change from reference in log10 HIV-1 RNA levels were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for Test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionlog10 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL (Least Squares Mean)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-2.72
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-0.0027

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Change From Reference in Serum Creatinine

Change from reference in serum creatinine was reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])0.045
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-0.034

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Change From Reference in UACR

Change from reference in UACR at Week 96 was reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-0.70
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-0.49

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Change From Reference in UB2MGCR

Change from reference in UB2MGCR was reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmcg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-27.04
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-40.53

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Change From Reference in UPCR

Change from reference in UPCR was reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])-15.46
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-1.40

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Change From Reference in URBPCR

Change from reference in URBPCR at Week 96 were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

Interventionmcg/g (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])13.70
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-35.53

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Percent Change From Baseline in Urine Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (FEPO4) at Week 48

Percent change from baseline in FEPO4 at Week 48 was reported. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 48

InterventionPercent change (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])16.00
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)22.55

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Percent Change From Reference in Urine FEPO4

Percent change from reference in FEPO4 at Week 96 were reported. Here, reference 1 is the comparative phase baseline value in Week 48 analysis for test group and reference 2 is the last value prior to the switch for Control group. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF

InterventionPercent change in urine FEPO4 (Median)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])18.52
Switch to D/C/F/TAF-7.51

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Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies Per mL at Week 96 Defined by FDA Snapshot Approach

Percentage of participants with a HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies per mL were assessed using FDA snapshot approach which defines a participant's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time, along with study drug discontinuation status. The snapshot approach classified participants into 3 outcome categories: 1) virologic success (HIV RNA < 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 96), 2) virologic failure (HIV RNA greater than or equal to [>=] 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 96), 3) no viral load data in the Week 96 visit window (discontinued due to adverse event/death/other reason). The missing HIV-1 RNA is considered as non-response. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Week 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])85.1
Switch to D/C/F/TAF94.2

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Percentage of Participants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Less Than (<) 50 Copies Per Milliliter (Copies Per mL) (Virologic Response) at Week 48 Defined by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Snapshot Approach

Percentage of participants with a HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies per mL were assessed using FDA snapshot approach which defines a participant's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time, along with study drug discontinuation status. The snapshot approach classified participants into 3 outcome categories: 1) virologic success (HIV RNA < 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48), 2) virologic failure (HIV RNA greater than or equal to [>=] 20/50/200 copies per mL at Week 48), 3) no viral load data in the Week 48 visit window (discontinued due to adverse event/death/other reason). The missing HIV-1 RNA is considered as non-response. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: At Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])91.4
DRV/COBI+ FTC/TDF (Control) (Baseline to Switch)88.4

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Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h) of Darunavir

C0h is defined as the predose (trough) plasma concentration or concentration just prior to study drug administration. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: 30 minutes to 4 hours postdose at Weeks 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 and at 2 timepoints with at least 2.5 hours in between sampling at Week 8 and 36 (first sample between 1 and 4 hours postdose)

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg [D/C/F/TAF (Test)]1898.9100

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CD4+ Cell Count Post-Week From 96 to End of Extension

The immunologic change was determined by Cluster of CD4+ cell count. CD4+ cell count post-Week 96 to end of extension were assessed. (NCT02431247)
Timeframe: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 3 years)

,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
Week 96 + 6 monthsWeek 96 + 12 monthsWeek 96 + 18 monthsWeek 96 + 24 monthsWeek 96 + 30 monthsWeek 96 + 36 months
D/C/F/TAF (Test) (Baseline to End of Extension [EOE])790.2779.4789.8781.9741.6784.7
Switch to D/C/F/TAF749.7774.3758.4784.1736.7778.4

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Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Maraviroc

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

Interventionhour (Median)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles3.00
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele2.00
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles2.00
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles2.01

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Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Metabolites of Maraviroc

Metabolites of maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionhour (Median)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles3.003.003.003.00
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele2.002.002.002.00
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles2.002.001.522.00
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles3.003.003.003.00

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Part 1: Plasma Concentration of Metabolites of Maraviroc at 12 Hour Post-dose

Metabolites of maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: 12 hour post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0.62490.62900.62420.5396
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele2.7481.6581.7521.629
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles2.2261.1341.0710.8550
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0.92131.3001.3851.175

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Part 1: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 6 days that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to end of study (up to 6 days)

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
AEsSAEs
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles30
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele00
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles00
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles30

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Part 1: Metabolite to Parent Ratio for Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours for Maraviroc and Its Metabolites (MRAUC12)

MRAUC12 is the ratio of AUC12 of maraviroc to AUC12 of maraviroc's metabolites. Metabolites of Maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. AUC12 is the area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time 0 to 12 hours post-dose. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionratio (Geometric Mean)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0.021720.025770.027660.02048
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele0.035640.026210.029080.02427
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0.043120.027970.027950.02040
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0.015850.023380.027740.02099

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Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Metabolites of Maraviroc

Metabolites of maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles18.1421.9522.8817.39
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele24.1818.9620.6717.64
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles20.5215.0015.3110.86
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles11.2216.4819.9115.27

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Part 2: Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc at 24 Hours Post-dose

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-dose on Day 10

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles56.56
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles56.34

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Part 1: Average Plasma Concentration (Cav) of Metabolites of Maraviroc

Cavg is the average plasma concentration of metabolites of maraviroc during the 0 to 12 hour time period. It was calculated as area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC [0-12]) divided by 12. Metabolites of maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles6.4207.6158.1796.056
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele9.0496.6587.3836.165
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles8.0745.2395.2323.821
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles4.0185.9307.0295.323

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Part 1: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours (AUC [0-12]) of Metabolites of Maraviroc

AUC (0-12) is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero (pre-dose) to 12 hours post-dose. Metabolites of maraviroc included PF-6857639, PF-6857640, PF-06927572 and PF-06927573. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

,,,
Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
PF-6857639PF-6857640PF-06927572PF-06927573
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles77.0991.4298.1472.67
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele108.779.9288.6373.92
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles96.9862.8662.8045.86
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles48.2471.1584.3263.88

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Part 2: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Maraviroc

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24 hours post-dose on Day 10

Interventionhour (Median)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles3.00
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles3.02

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Part 2: Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities

Criteria: Hemoglobin; hematocrit; red blood cell count: <0.8*LLN, mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; mean platelet volume: <0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN, platelet: <0.5*LLN or >1.75*ULN, white blood cells <0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN, lymphocyte; neutrophil: <0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN, basophil; eosinophil; monocyte: >1.2*ULN, bilirubin (total, direct, indirect) >1.5*ULN, aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase: >3.0*ULN, total protein; albumin: <0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN; creatinine: >1.3*ULN, uric acid >1.2*ULN, sodium<0.95*LLN or >1.05*ULN, potassium; chloride; calcium; bicarbonate:<0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN, glucose <0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN, urine specific gravity <1.003, urine pH <4.5 or >8, urine glucose or ketones (qualitative) >=1, urine protein; urine blood/hemoglobin >=1, urobilinogen; bilirubin; nitrite; leukocyte esterase >=1. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 11

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles1
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles3

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Part 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Sign Abnormalities

Criteria for clinically significant vital sign abnormalities included supine/sitting pulse rate of <40 bpm or >120 bpm, standing pulse rate of <40 bpm or >140 bpm, supine SBP and standing SBP of <90 mm Hg, >=30 mm Hg, supine DBP and standing DBP of <50 mm Hg, >=20 mm Hg. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 11

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0

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Part 2: Number of Participants With 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

Criteria for ECG abnormalities: Maximum PR interval of >=300 msec, maximum QRS interval >=140 msec, maximum QTCF interval (Fridericia's correction) of 450 to <480 msec, 480 to <500 msec and >=500 msec, maximum increase of >=25 percent for baseline values of >200 msec and >=50 percent for baseline values of <=200 msec for PR interval, maximum increase from baseline of >=50 percent for QRS interval, maximum increase from baseline of >=30 msec to <60 msec and maximum increase from baseline of >60 msec in QTCF interval (Fridericia's Correction). (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 11

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0

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Part 1: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 12 Hours (AUC [0-12]) of Maraviroc

AUC (0-12) is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero (pre-dose) to 12 hours post-dose. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles3441
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele2954
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles2181
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles2947

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Part 1: Average Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc

Cavg is the average plasma concentration of maraviroc during the 0 to 12 hour time period. It was calculated as area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC [0-12]) divided by 12. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles286.8
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele246.2
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles181.6
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles245.8

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Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles863.9
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele754.0
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles529.0
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles731.0

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Part 1: Number of Participants With 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

Criteria for ECG abnormalities: Maximum PR interval of >=300 milliseconds (msec), maximum QRS interval >=140 msec, maximum QTCF interval (Fridericia's correction) of 450 to <480 msec, 480 to <500 msec and >=500 msec, maximum increase of >=25 percent for baseline values of >200 msec and >=50 percent for baseline values of less than or equal to (<=) 200 msec for PR interval, maximum increase from baseline of >=50 percent for QRS interval, maximum increase from baseline of >=30 msec to <60 msec and maximum increase from baseline of >60 msec in QTCF interval (Fridericia's Correction). (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele0
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0

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Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Sign Abnormalities

Criteria for clinically significant vital sign abnormalities included supine/sitting pulse rate of less than (<) 40 beats per minute (bpm) or greater than (>)120 bpm, standing pulse rate of <40 bpm or >140 bpm, supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and standing SBP of <90 millimeter of mercury (mm Hg), greater than or equal to (>=) 30 mm Hg, supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and standing DBP of <50 mm Hg, >=20 mm Hg. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele0
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles0

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Part 2: Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours (AUC [0-24]) of Maraviroc

AUC (0-24) is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero (pre-dose) to 24 hours post-dose. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24 hours post-dose on Day 10

Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles4413
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles3645

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Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Maraviroc

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24 hours post-dose on Day 10

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles633.6
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles432.9

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Part 2: Average Plasma Concentration (Cavg) of Maraviroc

Cavg is the average plasma concentration of maraviroc during the 0 to 24 hour time period. It was calculated as area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUC [0-24]) divided by 24. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24 hours post-dose on Day 10

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles184.1
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles151.7

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Part 1: Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities

Criteria: Hemoglobin; hematocrit; red blood cell count: <0.8*lower limit of normal, (LLN), mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; mean platelet volume:<0.9*LLN or >1.1* upper limit of normal (ULN), platelet: <0.5*LLN or >1.75*ULN, white blood cells <0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN, lymphocyte; neutrophil: <0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN, basophil; eosinophil; monocyte:>1.2*ULN, bilirubin (total, direct, indirect) >1.5*ULN, aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase:>3.0*ULN, total protein; albumin:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN; creatinine: >1.3*ULN, uric acid>1.2*ULN, sodium<0.95*LLN or >1.05*ULN, potassium; chloride; calcium; bicarbonate:<0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN, glucose <0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN, urine specific gravity <1.003, urine pH <4.5 or >8, urine glucose or ketones (qualitative) >=1, urine protein; urine blood/hemoglobin >=1, urobilinogen; bilirubin; nitrite; leukocyte esterase >=1. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles1
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele5
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles0
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles2

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Part 1: Plasma Concentration of Maraviroc at 12 Hours Post-dose

(NCT02625207)
Timeframe: 12 hours post-dose on Day 5

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles59.84
Cohort 2- One CYP3A5*1 Allele63.09
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles45.32
Cohort 4- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles63.10

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Part 2: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 11 days that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pretreatment state. (NCT02625207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to end of study (up to 11 days)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
AEsSAEs
Cohort 1- No CYP3A5*1 Alleles20
Cohort 3- Two CYP3A5*1 Alleles10

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant participating in a clinical study that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the pharmaceutical/biological agent under study. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 1 month

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Darunavir 800 mg/Cobicistat 150 mg as FDC (Prezcobix)0

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Apparent Total Body Clearance of Drug at the Terminal Phase After Extravascular Administration (CL/F)

CL/F is the apparent total body clearance of drug at the terminal phase after extravascular administration. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionmilliliter per hour (mL/h) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)16974
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)33573

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Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

Tmax is defined as the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionhour (h) (Median)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)4.00
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)4.00

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Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2)

t1/2 is the time measured for the plasma concentration to decrease by 1 half to its original concentration. It is associated with the terminal slope of the semi logarithmic drug concentration-time curve, and is calculated as 0.693/lambda(z). (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

InterventionHour (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)4.4
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)3.5

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

The Cmax is the maximum observed plasma concentration. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)5496
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)832

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Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda[z])

Lambda(z) is first-order rate constant associated with the terminal portion of the curve, determined as the negative slope of the terminal log-linear phase of the drug concentration-time curve. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionper hour (1/h) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)0.173
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)0.199

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Concentration at Last Quantifiable Time Point (Clast)

Clast is defined as concentration at last quantifiable time point. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)33.3
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)8.59

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Time the Last Quantifiable Time (AUC[0-last])

AUC(0-last) is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time the last quantifiable time, calculated by linear trapezoidal summation. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionhour*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)51274
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)5667

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Infinite Time (AUC0-infinity)

AUC(0-infinity) is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinite time. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)51460
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)5710

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Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F)

Vz/F is defined as the apparent volume of distribution at the terminal phase after extravascular administration. (NCT03123848)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours postdose

Interventionmilliliter (mL) (Mean)
Darunavir 800 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)111970
Cobicistat 150 mg (FDC: Darunavir 800/Cobicistat 150 mg)166460

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The Change in Serum Creatinine From Baseline to 48 Weeks.

A second primary endpoint was evaluating the change in serum creatinine from baseline to 48 weeks for all subjects. (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Retrospective Chart Review73.4

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Number of Participants With RNA <50 Copies/mL at 48 Weeks

Our first primary endpoint evaluated the percent of study subjects with an RNA <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks after initiation of the once daily two-drug regimen. (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Retrospective Chart Review19

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Number of Participants With RNA <50 Copies/mL at 24, 36, and 48 Weeks

"This secondary outcome measure analyzed the percentage of subjects with < 50 copies/mL RNA at time points 24, 36 and 48 weeks.~The percent of subjects with an RNA < 50 copies/mL at each time point was analyzed using McNemar's test following the guidelines of the Snapshot algorithm. Missing RNA data was considered a treatment failure." (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Analysis of HIV RNA at Week 2419
Analysis of HIV RNA at Week 3614
Analysis of HIV RNA at Week 4819

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Change in Mean CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline.

A secondary endpoint included changes from baseline in CD4+ cell counts. (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventioncells/μL (Mean)
Week 24454
Week 36428
Week 48456

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Analysis of Creatinine Clearance at Time Points 24, 36 and 48 Weeks.

(NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Analysis of Serum Creatinine at Week 2475.8
Analysis of Serum Creatinine at Week 3669.1
Analyis of Serum Creatinine at Week 4877.7

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Incidence of Adverse Events.

10 study subjects reported an adverse event. (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
InsomniaDiarrheaHeadache
Retrospective Chart Review643

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Number of Grade 1 Adverse Events Reported

"10 study subjects reported adverse events. All adverse events reported (insomnia, diarrhea, headache) were of Grade 1 severity.~There were no adverse events that led to discontinuation of the study regimen." (NCT03198884)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionAdverse Events (Number)
InsomniaDiarrheaHeadache
Adverse Events643

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Terminal Elimination Half-life (t½) for Rivaroxaban

Terminal elimination half-life (t½) for Rivaroxaban following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). The apparent elimination rate constant (λZ) was determined by calculating the absolute value of the slope of the log-linear regression of at least 3 points of the plasma concentration-time plot. The t½ was calculated as 0.693/apparent elimination rate constant (λZ). (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

InterventionHours (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers5.658.197.49

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Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Rivaroxaban

Apparent oral clearance (CL/F) for Rivaroxaban following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). CL/F was calculated as 10 mg ÷ AUC0-tau for rivaroxaban. (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

InterventionL/hr (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers11.044.925.19

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Apparent Volume of Distribution (V/F) for Rivaroxaban

Apparent volume of distribution (V/F) for Rivaroxaban following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

InterventionLiter (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers89.9456.2252.84

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Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) for Rivaroxaban

Time to maximum plasma concentration for Rivaroxaban following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). Tmax for rivaroxaban was obtained directly by visual inspection of the plasma concentration versus time over 24 hours postdose. (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

InterventionHours (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers2.54.13.02

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Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC0-24hr) for Rivaroxaban

Area under the concentration versus time curve from (AUC0-24hr) following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 to measure total drug exposure was analyzed by the linear up/log down trapezoidal rule using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

Interventionhr*ng/ml (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers991.251929.781939

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Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC0-∞) for Rivaroxaban

Area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞) following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 to measure the total drug exposure was analyzed by the linear up/log down trapezoidal rule using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Total drug exposure at time point zero to infinity on days 1, 7, & 13

Interventionhr*ng/ml (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers1049.192274.32226.38

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Maximum Total Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Rivaroxaban

Maximum total plasma concentration (Cmax) following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). Cmax for rivaroxaban was obtained directly by visual inspection of the plasma concentration versus time over 24 hours postdose. (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers128.6192.25196.17

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Minimum Total Plasma Concentration (Cmin) for Rivaroxaban

Minimum total plasma concentration (Cmin) for Rivaroxaban following a single dose of rivaroxaban 10 mg orally on days 1, 7, and 13 was analyzed using noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonlin® (version 8.0; Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA). Cmin for rivaroxaban was obtained directly by visual inspection of the plasma concentration versus times over 24 hours postdose. (NCT03864406)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose on days 1, 7, and 13

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Day 1 (phase 1)Day 7 (phase 2)Day 13 (phase 3)
Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers6.9327.3224.43

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters

Blood samples were collected for analysis of hematology parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) grading table Version 2.1. For Hemoglobin Low, Grade 3: 7.0 to <9.0 Grams per deciliter (g/dL) (males) and 6.5 to <8.5 g/dL (females),Grade 4: <7.0 g/dL (males) and <6.5 g/dL (females); Leukocytes Low, Grade 3: 1000 to 1499 cells per cubic millimeter (cells/mm^3),Grade 4: <1000 cells/mm^3; Lymphocytes Low, Grade 3: 350 to <500 cells per liter (cells/L),Grade 4: <350 cells/L; Neutrophils Low, Grade 3: 400 to 599 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <400 cells/mm^3; Platelets Low, Grade 3: 25,000 to <50,000 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <25,000 cells/mm^3. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 3Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 4Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 3Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg0000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0000000000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Glucose High, Grade 3: >250 to 500 mg/dL, Grade 4: >=500 mg/dL, Glucose Low, Grade 3: 30 to<40 mg/dL, Grade 4:<30 mg/dL; Triglycerides High, Grade 3: >500 to <1.000 mg/dL, Grade 4:>1000 mg/dL; Lipase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0×ULN, Grade 4:>=5.0×ULN; Urate High, Grade 3: 12.0 to <15.0 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=15.0 mEq/L; Cholesterol High, Grade 3: >=300 mg/dL, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 3Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 4Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 3Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 4Urate, High, Increase to Grade 3Urate, High, Increase to Grade 4Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 3Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000000000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Calcium High, Grade 3: 12.5 to <13.5 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL), Grade 4: >=13.5 mg/dL; Calcium Low, Grade 3: 6.1 to <7.0 mg/dL, Grade 4: <6.1 mg/dL; Creatine Kinase High, Grade 3: 10 to <20 × ULN, Grade 4: >=20 × ULN; Creatinine High, Grade 3: >1.8 to <3.5 ULN, Grade 4: >=3.5 × ULN; Phosphate Low, Grade 3: 1.0 to <1.4 mg/dL, Grade 4: <1.0 mg/dL; Potassium High, Grade 3: 6.5 to <7.0 Milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L),Grade 4: >=7.0 mEq/L; Potassium Low, Grade 3: 2.0 to <2.5 mEq/L, Grade 4: <2.00 mEq/L; Sodium High, Grade 3: 154 to <160 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=160 mEq/L; Sodium Low, Grade 3: 121 to <125 mEq/L, Grade 4:<=120 mEq/L. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 4Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 3Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000000000000000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Alanine Aminotransferase High; Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 times (×) Upper Limit Normal (ULN), Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Albumin Low, Grade 3: <2.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL), Grade 4: Not Applicable; Alkaline Phosphatase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Amylase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN; Aspartate Aminotransferase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Bilirubin High, Grade 3: 2.6 to<5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN and Direct Bilirubin High, Grade 3: >ULN with other signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity, Grade 4: >ULN with life-threatening consequences. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 4Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 3Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 4Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg00000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg00000000000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg00000000000000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 35 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours; Day 224 Hours; Day 226 Hours; Day 22Day 26Day 35
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg00000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 35 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 14 Hours, Day 16 Hours; Day 1Day 7Day 11
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg00000

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Cohort 1: Cmax of RTV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg1.178
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg1.306

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Cohort 1: Ctau of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg0.8152
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0.9530

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Cohort 1: Ctau of RTV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0.3194
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0.3314

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Cohort 1: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg1.752
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg1.863

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Cohort 1: Plasma Concentration at the End of the Dosing Interval (Ctau) of DRV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg2.957
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg2.637

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Cohort 1: Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) of DRV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg3.000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg3.000

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Cohort 1: Tmax of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg4.000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg4.000

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Cohort 1: Tmax of RTV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg4.000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg4.000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Calcium High, Grade 3: 12.5 to <13.5 mg/dL, Grade 4: >=13.5 mg/dL; Calcium Low, Grade 3: 6.1 to <7.0 mg/dL, Grade 4: <6.1 mg/dL; Creatine Kinase High, Grade 3: 10 to <20 × ULN, Grade 4: >=20 × ULN; Creatinine High, Grade 3: >1.8 to <3.5 ULN, Grade 4: >=3.5 × ULN; Phosphate Low, Grade 3: 1.0 to <1.4 mg/dL, Grade 4: <1.0 mg/dL; Potassium High, Grade 3: 6.5 to <7.0 mEq/L,Grade 4: >=7.0 mEq/L; Potassium Low, Grade 3: 2.0 to <2.5 mEq/L, Grade 4: <2.00 mEq/L; Sodium High, Grade 3: 154 to <160 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=160 mEq/L; Sodium Low, Grade 3: 121 to <125 mEq/L, Grade 4:<=120 mEq/L. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 4Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 3Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000000000
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg000000000000000000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Glucose High, Grade 3: >250 to 500 mg/dL, Grade 4: >=500 mg/dL, Glucose Low, Grade 3: 30 to<40 mg/dL, Grade 4:<30 mg/dL; Triglycerides High, Grade 3: >500 to <1.000 mg/dL, Grade 4:>1000 mg/dL; Lipase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0×ULN, Grade 4:>=5.0×ULN; Urate High, Grade 3: 12.0 to <15.0 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=15.0 mEq/L; Cholesterol High, Grade 3: >=300 mg/dL, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 3Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 4Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 3Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 4Urate, High, Increase to Grade 3Urate, High, Increase to Grade 4Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 3Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg000000000000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters

Blood samples were collected for analysis of hematology parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Hemoglobin Low, Grade 3: 7.0 to <9.0 g/dL (males) and 6.5 to <8.5 g/dL (females),Grade 4: <7.0 g/dL (males) and <6.5 g/dL (females); Leukocytes Low, Grade 3: 1000 to 1499 cells/mm^3,Grade 4: <1000 cells/mm^3; Lymphocytes Low, Grade 3: 350 to <500 cells/L,Grade 4: <350 cells/L; Neutrophils Low, Grade 3: 400 to 599 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <400 cells/mm^3; Platelets Low, Grade 3: 25,000 to <50,000 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <25,000 cells/mm^3. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 3Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 4Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 3Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg0000000000
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg0000000000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters

Urine samples were collected for urinalysis parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Erythrocytes High, Grade 3: Gross, with or without clots OR with RBC casts OR intervention indicated, Grade 4: Life-threatening consequences; Glucose High, Grade 3: >2+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or >500 mg, Grade 4: >500 mg; Protein High, Grade 3: 3+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or higher, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 3Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Protein, High, Increase to Grade 3Protein, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg000000
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg000000

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-tau) of ETR

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg8.340
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg9.791

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-tau) of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg27.86
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg14.73

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Cohort 2: Cmax of ETR

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg0.9749
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg1.102

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Cohort 2: Ctau of ETR

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg0.4705
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg0.5837

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Cohort 2: Ctau of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg0.7706
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg0.3901

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Cohort 2: Tmax of ETR

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg3.500
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg4.000

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Cohort 2: Tmax of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg4.000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg3.000

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg24.99
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg22.78

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Cohort 3: Cmax of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg1.578
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg1.383

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. Number of participants with AEs leading to discontinuations and deaths were reported. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AEs leading to discontinuationsAES leading to deaths
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg10
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg00
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg00

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 35 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 124 Hours, Day 126 Hours; Day 12Day 21
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg0000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. Number of participants with AEs leading to discontinuations and deaths were reported. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AEs leading to discontinuationsAES leading to deaths
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg00
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg10

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours) in Treatment Period 1; Day 8 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 9 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 in Treatment Period 2

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 14 Hours, Day 16 Hours, Day 1
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours) in Treatment Period 1; Day 8 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 9 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 in Treatment Period 2

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 84 Hours, Day 86 Hours, Day 82 Hours; Day 94 Hours; Day 96 Hours; Day 9Day 26
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg0000000

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Cohort 2: Cmax of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg1.889
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg1.136

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Alanine Aminotransferase High; Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Albumin Low, Grade 3: <2.0 g/dL, Grade 4: Not Applicable; Alkaline Phosphatase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Amylase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN; Aspartate Aminotransferase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Bilirubin High, Grade 3: 2.6 to<5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN and Direct Bilirubin High, Grade 3: >ULN with other signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity, Grade 4: >ULN with life-threatening consequences. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 4Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 3Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 4Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg00000000000000
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg00000000000000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With SAEs and Non-SAEs

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose that results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or other situations as per medical or scientific judgment. Adverse events which were not Serious were considered as Non-Serious adverse events. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SAEnon-SAE
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg04
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg03
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg07

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters

Urine samples were collected for urinalysis parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Erythrocytes High, Grade 3: Gross, with or without clots OR with RBC casts OR intervention indicated, Grade 4: Life-threatening consequences; Glucose High, Grade 3: >2+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or >500 mg, Grade 4: >500 mg; Protein High, Grade 3: 3+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or higher, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 3Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Protein, High, Increase to Grade 3Protein, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg000000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Glucose, Triglycerides, Lipase, Urate and Cholesterol

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Glucose High, Grade 3: >250 to 500 mg/dL, Grade 4: >=500 mg/dL, Glucose Low, Grade 3: 30 to<40 mg/dL, Grade 4:<30 mg/dL; Triglycerides High, Grade 3: >500 to <1.000 mg/dL, Grade 4:>1000 mg/dL; Lipase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0×ULN, Grade 4:>=5.0×ULN; Urate High, Grade 3: 12.0 to <15.0 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=15.0 mEq/L; Cholesterol High, Grade 3: >=300 mg/dL, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, Low, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 3Triglycerides, High, Increase to Grade 4Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 3Lipase, High, Increase to Grade 4Urate, High, Increase to Grade 3Urate, High, Increase to Grade 4Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 3Cholesterol, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg000000000000

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With SAEs and Non-SAEs

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose that results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or other situations as per medical or scientific judgment. Adverse events which were not Serious were considered as Non-Serious adverse events. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SAEnon-SAE
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg01
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg08

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of PCI Criteria

Vital signs including SBP, DBP and pulse rate were measured in a supine position after atleast 5 minutes of rest. The PCI ranges for vitals were as follows; for SBP <85 or >140 mmHg, for DBP <45 or >90 mmHg, for pulse rate <40 or >100 beats per minute. The number of participants with vital signs of PCI were presented. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SBPDBPPulse rate
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg100
Cohort 3: GSK3640254 200 mg+ DRV/RTV 600/100 mg+ ETR 200 mg000

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Cohort 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the End of the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUC[0-tau]) of GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 16 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 1 and 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg27.03
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg30.70

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Cohort 1: AUC(0-tau) of DRV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg57.47
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg53.37

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Cohort 1: AUC(0-tau) of RTV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionHours* micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg7.303
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg7.790

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Cohort 1: Cmax of DRV

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using standard non-compartmental methods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.5 Hours, 1 Hour, 1.5 Hours, 2 Hours, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours post-dose in Treatment Periods 2 and 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg7.037
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg7.268

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Calcium, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Calcium High, Grade 3: 12.5 to <13.5 mg/dL, Grade 4: >=13.5 mg/dL; Calcium Low, Grade 3: 6.1 to <7.0 mg/dL, Grade 4: <6.1 mg/dL; Creatine Kinase High, Grade 3: 10 to <20 × ULN, Grade 4: >=20 × ULN; Creatinine High, Grade 3: >1.8 to <3.5 ULN, Grade 4: >=3.5 × ULN; Phosphate Low, Grade 3: 1.0 to <1.4 mg/dL, Grade 4: <1.0 mg/dL; Potassium High, Grade 3: 6.5 to <7.0 mEq/L,Grade 4: >=7.0 mEq/L; Potassium Low, Grade 3: 2.0 to <2.5 mEq/L, Grade 4: <2.00 mEq/L; Sodium High, Grade 3: 154 to <160 mEq/L, Grade 4:>=160 mEq/L; Sodium Low, Grade 3: 121 to <125 mEq/L, Grade 4:<=120 mEq/L. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 3Calcium, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatine Kinase, High, Increase to Grade 4Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 3Creatinine, High, Increase to Grade 4Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 3Phosphate, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 3Potassium, High, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, Low, Increase to Grade 4Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 3Sodium, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg000000000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg000000000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg000000000000000000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameters: Alanine Aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Alanine Aminotransferase High; Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Albumin Low, Grade 3: <2.0 g/dL, Grade 4: Not Applicable; Alkaline Phosphatase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Amylase High, Grade 3: 3.0 to <5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN; Aspartate Aminotransferase High, Grade 3: 5.0 to <10.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=10.0 × ULN; Bilirubin High, Grade 3: 2.6 to<5.0 × ULN, Grade 4: >=5.0 × ULN and Direct Bilirubin High, Grade 3: >ULN with other signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity, Grade 4: >ULN with life-threatening consequences. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alanine Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Albumin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 3Alkaline Phosphatase, High, Increase to Grade 4Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 3Amylase, High, Increase to Grade 4Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 3Aspartate Aminotransferase, High, Increase to Grade 4Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 3Direct Bilirubin, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg00000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg00000000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg00000000000000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 36 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours; Day 224 Hours; Day 226 Hours; Day 22Day 26Day 36
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg00000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 36 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 14 Hours, Day 16 Hours; Day 1Day 7Day 11
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg00000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal ECG Findings

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a supine position using an automated ECG machine. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. Data for number of participants with clinically significant abnormal ECG findings were reported. Data has been presented for the participants with respect to the actual treatment received in respective treatment periods. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Day 1 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 7 and Day 11 in Treatment Period 1; Day 12 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 21 in Treatment Period 2; Day 22 (2,4,6 Hours), Day 26 and Day 36 in Treatment Period 3

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Hours, Day 124 Hours, Day 126 Hours; Day 12Day 21
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg0000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With AEs Leading to Discontinuations and Deaths

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. Number of participants with AEs leading to discontinuations and deaths were reported. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AEs leading to discontinuationsAES leading to deaths
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg00
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg00
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg10

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of Potential Clinical Importance (PCI) Criteria

Vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate were measured in a supine position after atleast 5 minutes of rest. The PCI ranges for vitals were as follows; for SBP <85 or >140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), for DBP <45 or >90 mmHg, for pulse rate <40 or >100 beats per minute. The number of participants with vital signs of PCI were presented. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SBPDBPPulse rate
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg200
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Non-serious Adverse Events (Non-SAEs)

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose that results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or other situations as per medical or scientific judgment. Adverse events which were not Serious were considered as Non-Serious adverse events. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SAEnon-SAE
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg04
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg06
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg05

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Urinalysis Parameters

Urine samples were collected for urinalysis parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Erythrocytes High, Grade 3: Gross, with or without clots OR with Red Blood Cells (RBC) casts OR intervention indicated, Grade 4: Life-threatening consequences; Glucose High, Grade 3: >2+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or >500 mg, Grade 4: >500 mg; Protein High, Grade 3: 3+ (proportionate concentration by dipstick test) or higher, Grade 4: Not Applicable. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 35

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 3Erythrocytes, High, Increase to Grade 4Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 3Glucose, High, Increase to Grade 4Protein, High, Increase to Grade 3Protein, High, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 1: DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg000000
Cohort 1: GSK3640254 200 mg + DRV/RTV 600/100 mg000000

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Vital Sign Values of PCI Criteria

Vital signs including SBP, DBP and pulse rate were measured in a supine position after atleast 5 minutes of rest. The PCI ranges for vitals were as follows; for SBP <85 or >140 mmHg, for DBP <45 or >90 mmHg, for pulse rate <40 or >100 beats per minute. The number of participants with vital signs of PCI were presented. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SBPDBPPulse rate
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg010

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Grade Increase Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline in Hematology Parameters

Blood samples were collected for analysis of hematology parameters. Laboratory abnormalities were graded according to DAIDS grading table Version 2.1. For Hemoglobin Low, Grade 3: 7.0 to <9.0 g/dL (males) and 6.5 to <8.5 g/dL (females),Grade 4: <7.0 g/dL (males) and <6.5 g/dL (females); Leukocytes Low, Grade 3: 1000 to 1499 cells/mm^3,Grade 4: <1000 cells/mm^3; Lymphocytes Low, Grade 3: 350 to <500 cells/L,Grade 4: <350 cells/L; Neutrophils Low, Grade 3: 400 to 599 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <400 cells/mm^3; Platelets Low, Grade 3: 25,000 to <50,000 cells/mm^3, Grade 4: <25,000 cells/mm^3. Baseline was defined as latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. An increase is defined as an increase in DAIDS grade relative to Baseline grade. (NCT04630002)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose, Day-1) and up to Day 36

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 3Hemoglobin, Low, Increase to Grade 4Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Leukocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 3Lymphocytes, Low, Increase to Grade 4Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 3Neutrophils, Low, Increase to Grade 4Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 3Platelets, Low, Increase to Grade 4
Cohort 2: ETR 200 mg0000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg0000000000
Cohort 2: GSK3640254 200 mg + ETR 200 mg0000000000

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.6104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4110ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
adenine
[no description available]		15.7545236-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.2310amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		12.06436amino-acid anion
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.610coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.610monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		3.2310amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.07102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		7.1710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.5520alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.6620
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		3.4311elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.610dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		3.6320pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		4.6111monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		2.1310phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.610pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.110glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		3.6320hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.7320primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		3.9321pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.4110isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.3110hydroxyflavan
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.3110catechin
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		2.110
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.1110aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.610benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pleconaril
WIN 63843: structure given in first source		2.610
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		2.610
phenytoin
[no description available]		4.0130imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
ag-1549
capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor		3.1210
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		3.2310aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		3.2310acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		3.7320monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.2310acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		3.2310aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		3.2310phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.23101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.2310imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		3.2310organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.610secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.2310triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		3.7320adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.2310acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.2310diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.2310N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		3.6920dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.6101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		3.2310carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		3.6820dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.610aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		3.2310dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		3.2310nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		3.7320benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		3.2310ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		3.2310aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
baclofen
[no description available]		3.7320amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.2310indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.610benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
betaxolol
[no description available]		3.2310propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.2310carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.2310piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.2310diarylmethane
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		3.2310secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bronopol
[no description available]		2.3110nitro compound
bumetanide
[no description available]		3.2310amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		3.2310azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		3.2310methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
caffeine
[no description available]		3.6920purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		3.6820aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
N-[4-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)pentan-2-yl]carbamic acid (phenylmethyl) ester
[no description available]		2.3110leucine derivative
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		2.610benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.610bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.7320benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		3.6820dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.2310carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmofur
[no description available]		2.3110organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carvedilol
[no description available]		3.2310carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		3.2310organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		3.2310ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetylpyridinium
Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.		2.610pyridinium ion
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		3.2310aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		3.2310benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		3.23101,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.8750aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.2310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		3.7320organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		3.2310isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.23101,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.2310lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		3.2310aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.610cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		3.2310aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		3.6202-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		3.2310aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		3.2310tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		3.7320dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		3.2310clonidine;
imidazoline
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotrimazole
[no description available]		3.2310conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.2310carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.2310organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.2310piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.610dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		3.2310substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.6104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.2310acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		3.2310dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.2310primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		3.2310amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		3.2310monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.2310dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		3.2310ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		3.1210benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		3.7320piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.0430organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		3.7320branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		3.2310aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.2310morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		3.7320aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		3.2310dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.2310pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.2310oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.8220benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.0510
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.2310triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		3.2310aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		3.5110ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		3.2310dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.73201,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-hexyloxybenzamide
2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides		antifungal agent
brl 42810
[no description available]		3.73202-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.2310carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		3.2310aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		3.2310piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.2310benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		3.2310conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		3.7320N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		3.2310ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		3.2310benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		3.7320nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		3.2310fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.2310pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		3.2310chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		3.2310gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		2.610benzoate ester
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		3.2310aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		3.2310sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.610dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
granisetron
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.2310methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.2310azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		3.2310acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.610isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		3.7320aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.3110bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.6320phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.610resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin
beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.		2.610cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.610thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.2310azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		3.7320benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		6.12180aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		3.7320one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		3.2310hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		3.7320monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		3.2310primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		3.2310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		3.2310ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		3.2310dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		3.2310bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		3.2310indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.0430aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
ioversol
[no description available]		3.2310amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		3.2310carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		3.7320azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.2310benzenes
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		8.9330carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.2310catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.2310alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		3.2310benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		3.7320piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		3.2310cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		6.1731dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		3.2310benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		3.2310amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.6104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		3.2310benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol
lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.		2.610
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.3110benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		3.2310nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.2310fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		3.2310N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		3.7320monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		3.7320benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		3.2310benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		3.7320biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.2310dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide
4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.		2.610benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide
Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.		2.610aromatic amine
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		3.2310anthracenes
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.2310primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.2310nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.2310diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.2310aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.2310aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
memantine
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.31101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		3.2310ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		3.2310piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		3.2310organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		3.2310amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.2310phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		3.2310aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		3.2310guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.2510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		9.9821benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.7320sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.7320aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.2310aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		3.2310beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		3.2310benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		3.2310organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		3.2310aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		3.2310C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.2310aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		3.2310aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		3.2310imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.2310amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		3.2310bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		3.2310dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		3.2310benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.2310diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		3.7320dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.2310monoterpenoid
entinostat
[no description available]		2.610benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.610maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.7320methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.2310tetralins
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		2.610benzoic acids;
guanidines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		3.23101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		3.2310heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		3.2310aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		8.62152cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.2310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		3.2310benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.3110benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		3.2310C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		3.2310aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		3.23102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		3.2310C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.2310nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		3.2310isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		3.2310fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		3.2310organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		3.23103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		10.2931aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		3.2310carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		3.2310ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
osalmide
osalmide: structure		2.610organic molecular entity
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.23101,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		3.2310aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.610endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		3.2310phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		3.2310aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		3.7320benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		3.23101,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		3.2310aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.2310barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		3.7320oxopurine
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		3.7320piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		3.2310N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.610diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.2310aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.7320monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.610acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.610benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		3.2310indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		3.2310aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pj-34
PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.		2.610phenanthridines;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherosclerotic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		3.7320isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		3.2310aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		3.2310aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		3.2310pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		3.7320benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.610dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.2310benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.2310benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		3.2310N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		3.2310pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.610phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		3.7320phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		3.2310phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		3.7320naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.3110
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.2310carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		3.2310pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.2310benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-iodo-1H-indol-2-one
[no description available]		2.3110indoles
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.23101-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		3.2310benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.7320alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.2310tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rolipram
[no description available]		2.610pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.2310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
scriptaid
scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source		2.610isoquinolines
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		2.610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
alkannin
[no description available]		2.3110naphthoquinone
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.2310organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		3.2310pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		3.2310pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		3.2310ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
fenofibrate
[no description available]		2.610benzochromenone;
delta-lactone;
naphtho-alpha-pyrone		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		3.7320aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.6120dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		3.2310sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		3.2310
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		3.2310sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.610aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.2310benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		3.2310imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		3.2310furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		3.2310phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		3.7320phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		3.2310aziridines
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		3.7320monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		3.2310imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.2310N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		3.2310benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.2310N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		3.2310N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		3.2310aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		3.2310amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		3.7320pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		3.2310triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
triclosan
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		3.7320N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.610organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.2310amine
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		3.2310oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.7320benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		3.7320aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.2310
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.2310dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		3.2310chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.610alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.9830aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urethane
[no description available]		2.0710carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		3.2310gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		3.2310carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		3.2310nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		3.2310imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.2310mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		3.622011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		3.2310alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.2310imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		3.2310glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.06104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		3.23102-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.23101-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		3.23103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		3.2310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		3.983011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		3.231017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.610organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		3.2310pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.23102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		2.0310dialkyl phosphate
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		12.87218alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		3.7320C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.0210aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.2310amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.610aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		3.2310carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		13.226617-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		3.2310aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.2310benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		3.2310kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		11.11155monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.610benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.2310amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.2310quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		5.4760adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.610benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		3.4811amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.2310aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		3.6820alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		4.9121cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.2310penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.610antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		2.610psoralensplant metabolite
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		8.431117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.23104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.2310aromatic ketone
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		2.610antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		3.2310mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		3.2310beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.610nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		5.5641L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.1110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		3.2310arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0210aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.2310primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		4.7706-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
9,10-anthraquinone
9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.		2.610anthraquinone
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin
salicylanilide
salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.		2.610benzanilide fungicide;
salicylamides;
salicylanilides
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		3.2310glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
gramine
gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.		2.610aminoalkylindole;
indole alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.5320pyrrolidin-2-ones
pyromellitic acid
pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.		2.3110benzoic acids;
tetracarboxylic acid
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		2.610aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		2.110aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.2310phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		3.5911mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		3.9321naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		2.610gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
monobenzone
monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.		2.610benzyl etherallergen;
dermatologic drug;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.2310benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		7.544pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		9.140cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.4820mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
piperidine
[no description available]		2.6920azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
carbitol
carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.		2.1110diether;
glycol ether;
hydroxypolyether;
primary alcohol		protic solvent
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.31101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		3.2310quinolines
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.610dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.2310acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.610catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.0810acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		3.4411adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0710cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
thiazoles
[no description available]		6.61531,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		5.3250diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.2310phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		3.7320N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		3.2310benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.2310steroid ester
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		7.251011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		7.8955monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		3.23101-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.2310bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.610thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.3110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
aloe emodin
aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.		2.610aromatic primary alcohol;
dihydroxyanthraquinone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.610dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.610isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol
osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source		2.610botanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins		metabolite
flavanone
flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.		2.610flavanones
dithiol
dithiol: structure		2.3110
phloretic acid
phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acidplant metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.6920ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
abietic acid
abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.		2.3110abietane diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid		plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		2.610furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.2310diarylmethane
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.110organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		2.1710C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
diperodon
diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.610carbamate ester
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		3.2310amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.2310carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
lactulose
[no description available]		3.2310glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.61020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		3.7320acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.3110
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		3.2310cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
agaric acid
agaric acid: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist		2.3110
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.610
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		9.573017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		13.182413pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		3.9330ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
metformin hydrochloride
metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.610hydrochlorideenvironmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.610benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		3.2310glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.2310alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.2310cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source		2.610bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol
2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.		2.610benzyl alcohols;
dichlorobenzene		antiseptic drug
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		3.2310benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		3.2310aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.3110isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.		2.3110organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		disinfectant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sensitiser;
xenobiotic
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.7320dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.5920antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.610adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
cladribine
[no description available]		3.2310organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310acridines
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.610beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		3.2310azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.610
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		5.4541pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.		4.6111inorganic nitrate salt;
inorganic sodium salt		fertilizer;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.610diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
chloropyramine
chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610aminopyridine
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		3.2310selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.6106-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
n'-nitrosonornicotine
N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals		2.610pyridines;
pyrrolidines
fluorides
[no description available]		2.0810halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2310
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.7320aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.2310nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		3.2310indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		7.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.2310indoles
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.2310bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		3.2310timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.6820cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.2310catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.2310carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.2310amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		8.73113azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		3.2310pyrroline
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		3.2310taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		3.2310beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		3.2310catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.2310ethanolamines
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		10.81511-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		3.2310alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		3.2310aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
pyridoxal phosphate
[no description available]		2.610pyridinecarbaldehyde
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		3.23105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		3.23101,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.7320benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.2310anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.2310tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		3.2310aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		3.2310aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		3.2310anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		3.2310aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		3.7320alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug
oltipraz
oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.		2.6101,2-dithiole;
pyrazines		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
protective agent;
schistosomicide drug
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.2310diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.610cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.2310diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.2510acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fiacitabine
fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.		2.610
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.2310
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.2310piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		3.2310
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		3.2310delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.2310naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		8.7954delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		5.27313-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.2310N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		3.2310aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		3.23103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		7.6920aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.7320aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		2.610biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		3.23103-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.610imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		3.2310aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.73206-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
aromasil
[no description available]		3.231017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
zileuton
[no description available]		3.23101-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.2310methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		3.7320phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		3.2310beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		3.2310pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		3.2310aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celgosivir
celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs		2.610
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		3.9930organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		3.2310benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		8.5920aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin
[no description available]		8.9664aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		11.08265monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0510duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.2310duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		8.6520carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		3.7320biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.2310
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		3.23101,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.610guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		3.2310oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.6106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		17.327641monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310biphenyls
kynostatin 272
kynostatin 272: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic		2.1710peptide
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.2310carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		3.2310adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
octyl gallate
[no description available]		2.610gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate
[no description available]		2.3110
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		3.2310
beclomethasone 17-monopropionate
beclomethasone 17-monopropionate: ester of beclomethasone		3.4711
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		12.08327acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		9.12281aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.2510D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.2510
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
dexelvucitabine
dexelvucitabine: inhibits human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro		5.231
arctigenin
arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants		2.610lignan
baicalin
[no description available]		2.8220dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.7320azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		10.68621carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.7320acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.610flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.8220gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
cephalotaxine
[no description available]		2.610benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.610hydrochloridedrug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610hydrochloride
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		2.3110purine nucleoside
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.2310benzimidazoles
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.610epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.2310organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
propazole
propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610benzimidazoles
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.2310sulfonamide
prulifloxacin
prulifloxacin: structure given in first source		2.610fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic
repaglinide
[no description available]		3.2310piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		3.7320benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
bergenin
bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure		2.610trihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		12.663171,2,3-triazole
sesamol
sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		3.2310benzodioxoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		3.73201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.610organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.610sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		3.59113-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		9.3911artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.610fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
oxprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.2310chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		3.2310razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		8.6220conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
moroxydine
[no description available]		2.610biguanides
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.2310amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
thioxolone
tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.		2.610benzoxathioleantiseborrheic
vanitiolide
[no description available]		2.3110methoxybenzenes;
phenols
honokiol
[no description available]		2.610biphenyls
nobiletin
nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.610indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptin
[no description available]		2.610aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
LSM-4272
[no description available]		2.3110beta-carbolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.2310carbapenems
calpeptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
fangchinoline
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
macrocycle		anti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		2.610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		3.7320hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.2310carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.2310carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.2310indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.2310benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
14-hydroxyclarithromycin
14-hydroxyclarithromycin: major metabolite of A 56268; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.4311aminoglycoside
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		10.2531macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
loganin
[no description available]		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.7320peptide
aucubin
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
catalpol
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.6102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.2310peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		17.9715434amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		2.3110
tingenone
tingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens		2.3110
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.610methyladenosine
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.3110imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		3.2310primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.610N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.610aminoquinoline
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
geniposide
[no description available]		2.610terpene glycoside
daidzin
daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).		2.6107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.2310benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tanshinone
tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent		2.3110abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
norbuprenorphine
norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.4611phenanthrenes
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
sophocarpine
[no description available]		2.610
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.610hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.2310adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.5820
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.1110fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
daphnetoxin
daphnetoxin: RN given for (2S-(2alpha,3abeta,3bbeta,3cbeta,4abeta,5beta,5abeta,8aalpha,8balpha,9alpha,10abeta))-isomer; a PKCalpha activator; isolated from the bark of Daphne gnidium; structure in first source. daphnetoxin : A daphnane-type orthoester diterpene with potential cholesterol-lowering activity, found exclusively in plants of the family Thymelaeaceae.		2.0710diterpene alkaloid;
epoxide;
ortho ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.2310benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.2310isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		2.1710
1-(2',6'-difluorophenyl)-1h,3h-thiazolo(3,4-a)benzimidazole
1-(2',6'-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo(3,4-a)benzimidazole: anti-HIV agent; a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; structure given in first source		3.2310
celastrol
[no description available]		2.8220monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.2310indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
gefitinib
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.610leucine derivative
vadimezan
vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.		2.610monocarboxylic acid;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.2310benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1710
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
methotrexate
[no description available]		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
tamsulosin
[no description available]		3.23105-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.2310biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		10.1560indolyl carboxylic acid
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		11.3161sulfonamideprodrug
safinamide
safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source		2.610amino acid amide
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.610hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.23101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		5.5353amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: may also contain chlorocresol (UD 25:22R)		2.2510
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.23101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)		7.544
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.6420secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		5.91300carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		3.62209-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.2310azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.2310carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.2310amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.2310benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		430aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
vx 497
N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source		2.610
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.2310
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.2310dihydropyridine
solifenacin
[no description available]		3.2310isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
bcx 1812
[no description available]		2.6103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
acetamides;
cyclopentanols;
guanidines		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		3.7320methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		17.3210831organic sulfate salt
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.610biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.7320pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester
celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME		2.8220carboxylic ester
resiquimod
S 28463: structure given in first source		2.610imidazoquinoline
miltirone
miltirone: from Salvis miltiorrhiza Bunge; central benzodiazepine receptor ligand; structure given in first source		2.3110abietane diterpenoid
cryptotanshinone
cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza		2.3110abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
tanshinone ii a
tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source		2.8220abietane diterpenoid
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen		2.3110
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.2310amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		3.2310
migalastat
migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis		2.610piperidines
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.7320aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		13.743016divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
limonin
[no description available]		2.610epoxide;
furans;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		inhibitor;
metabolite;
volatile oil component
scutellarin
scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.		2.610glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
carboxyebselen
carboxyebselen: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor		2.3110
etravirine
[no description available]		16.418324aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
chelidonine
chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)		2.610alkaloid antibiotic;
alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid
uic-94003
UIC-94003: structure in first source		5.2690
4-n-butylresorcinol
4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source		2.610resorcinols
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.2310indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		3.2310furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		3.2550
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.2310benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
dabigatran
Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.		2.6120aromatic amide;
benzimidazoles;
beta-alanine derivative;
carboxamidine;
pyridines		anticoagulant;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.2310benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.2310benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.2310N-acyl-amino acid
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activity		2.3110imidazoles
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
nsc 74859
NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.		2.610amidobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
tosylate ester		STAT3 inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.5911
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.23101-benzofurans
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
nsc 95397
[no description available]		2.31101,4-naphthoquinones
berbamine
[no description available]		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
u-104
SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
2-oxindole
2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.		2.0710gamma-lactam;
indolinone
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.5220
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.610glycoside
nsc 663284
NSC 663284: structure in first source		2.3110quinolone
bortezomib
[no description available]		3.7320amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		23.415081901,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tizoxanide
tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source		2.610salicylamides
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.1710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.2310coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		3.7320cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
conessine
conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.		2.610steroid alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
H3-receptor antagonist;
plant metabolite
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		3.6220alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		3.23101-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		10.62522L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.2310acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		10.252052,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		3.2310piperidines
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
linezolid
[no description available]		3.7320acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ferruginol
ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.		2.3110abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
meroterpenoid;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
isopimaric acid
isopimaric acid: isolated from the bark of Illicium jadifengpi		2.3110carbotricyclic compound;
diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid
cephaelin
cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.		2.610pyridoisoquinoline
(-)-usnic acid
(-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.		2.610usnic acidEC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.		2.8220aldehyde;
tripeptide		cysteine protease inhibitor
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.23103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		3.2310tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.23101-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.110cyclodextrin
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.2310retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.7620resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.2310retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.6670macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
om99-2
OM99-2: eight-residue memapsin 2 inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1410
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		3.2310dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.68202-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		3.2310
je 2147
[no description available]		2.1710
lycopene
[no description available]		2.610acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		3.2310epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.6160macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gw 3965
GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand		2.3110diarylmethane
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.2310homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0710
roflumilast
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.6104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.610N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
decitabine
[no description available]		3.23102'-deoxyribonucleoside
teniposide
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
apricitabine
apricitabine: BCH-10619 is the (+)-isomer; structure in first source		3.1210
l 739594
L 739594: structure given in first source		4.0520
pa 824
pretomanid: nitroimidazopyran derived from 5-nitroimidazoles; a prodrug that requires activation by a bacterial F420-depedent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) and nitroreductase to activate components that then inhibit bacterial mycolic acid and protein synthesis; structure in first source		2.1710
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		3.2310actinomycinmutagen
grl 98065
[no description available]		4.2350
bevirimat
bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoester;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		HIV-1 maturation inhibitor;
metabolite
5-(1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-2-yl)-n-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamide
5-(1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamide: structure in first source		3.2310
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		3.2310L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.8220amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		18.2110445nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.7320aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
gw 257406x
maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus		2.610
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		2.610hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.610tropane alkaloid
cmx 001
[no description available]		2.610
amd 8664
[no description available]		3.6520
bay 41-4109
BAY 41-4109: structure in first source		2.610
bay 57-1293
pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor		2.610
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		10.3250hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.2310flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
2'-c-methylcytidine
2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source		2.610
bms-488043
BMS-488043: anti-HIV agent		3.2310
isoxanthohumol
isoxanthohumol: structure in first source		2.610flavanones
pl 100
PL 100: inhibits HIV-1 protease; structure in first source		3.1310
1-(2-Naphthylmethyl)-2,3-dioxo-indoline-5-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.3110indolecarboxamideanticoronaviral agent
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.2310one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
mecarbinate
[no description available]		2.610
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.1710benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		4.4222morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.2310vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.		2.610tetrapeptideprotease inhibitor
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.610
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		3.2310pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		3.2310ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.7320aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.3110
jrf 12
N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor		2.610
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source		2.610
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylene
4-methoxy-beta-nitrostyrene: has vasodilator activity; structure in first source		2.3110methoxybenzenes
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid
isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.		2.610ferulic acidsantioxidant;
biomarker;
metabolite
cyclouridine
cyclouridine: structure given in third source		2.610
thiothixene
[no description available]		3.2310N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.2310zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.8220aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		3.2310diarylmethane
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		3.23101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin
[no description available]		2.610methoxybenzenes;
phenols
terbinafine
[no description available]		3.2310acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
nbd 556
[no description available]		2.610
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.3110cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		3.73202-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		3.6420cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1		2.610
streptozocin
[no description available]		3.2310
tamoxifen
[no description available]		3.2310stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.2310pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
srpin340
SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor		2.610
pr-619
[no description available]		2.610
5-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
[no description available]		2.3110sulfonic acid derivativeanticoronaviral agent
p5091
P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source		2.610
S-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] 5-(phenylethynyl)furan-2-carbothioate
[no description available]		2.3110acetylenic compound;
furans;
organofluorine compound;
thioester;
triazoles
cancidas
[no description available]		3.2310
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.2310carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
trovirdine
trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.610
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		9.9621C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
hmr 3647
[no description available]		3.2310
maraviroc
[no description available]		12.15308tropane alkaloid
fti 277
[no description available]		2.610
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.2310aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
vicriviroc
vicriviroc: structure in first source		2.5120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir
[no description available]		9.1740cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.2310beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.2310indolyl carboxylic acid
monooctanoin
monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.		2.11101-monoglyceride;
octanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		3.7320beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine
[no description available]		3.2310cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.73201,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
yya-021
YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
N-(4-Butan-2-ylphenyl)-N-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]furan-2-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic amide;
furans		anticoronaviral agent
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		2.110organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
8-(Trifluoromethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine
[no description available]		2.31106-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.3110aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
suramin sodium
suramin(6-) : An organosulfate oxoanion that is the hexanion of suramin resulting from the deprotonation of the six sulfo groups; major species at pH 7.3.		2.3110organosulfate oxoanion
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.3110benzenes;
thiadiazolidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.0430triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.0810organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		3.23102-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
ginkgetin
ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.		2.3110biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
methoxyflavone;
ring assembly		anti-HSV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
metabolite
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination: combination of Epivir and Ziagen		3.250
tak-220
TAK-220: structure in first source		2.610
grl 02031
GRL 02031: a protease inhibitor with anti-HIV1 activity; structure in first source		2.7630
jtk-303
[no description available]		11.06145aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557
[no description available]		2.610
quercetin
[no description available]		2.63207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		5.3441biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.3110trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.31103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.2310D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid
trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.		2.610cinnamate ester;
cyclitol carboxylic acid		plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside
luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
cyclosporine
[no description available]		2.610
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		3.2310hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		2.610harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.2310
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.0830dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		3.2310aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.2310isoquinolines
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.7320carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		3.73202-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.2310hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
amentoflavone
[no description available]		2.8220biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		2.8220trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
genkwanin
genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.610beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		2.610aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
kaempferide
kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite
orientin
orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.		2.6103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
C-glycosyl compound;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
sciadopitysin
sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba. sciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone.		2.3110biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
methoxyflavone;
ring assembly		bone density conservation agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
scutellarein
scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.		2.8220tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol		2.610stilbenoid
polydatin
trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol;
stilbenoid		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
potassium channel modulator
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		2.610organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
acteoside
acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.		2.610catechols;
cinnamate ester;
disaccharide derivative;
glycoside;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antileishmanial agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.2310cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		3.2310retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.2310prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.23101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.2310N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		7.2332cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.2310
codeine
[no description available]		3.2310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		3.5720homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.2310acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.610sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		3.2310pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		3.2310carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		10.8232morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.2310organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		3.7320cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
cyclotheonamide a
cyclotheonamide A: a cyclic peptide isolated from the marine sponge Theonella; structure given in first source		3.1610
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.2310medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone
cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).		2.8220
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester
DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.		2.610carboxylic ester;
difluorobenzene;
dipeptide;
tert-butyl ester		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		3.2310organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.2310phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
casticin
casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
tetramethoxyflavone		apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
bilobetin
bilobetin: a phospholipase A2 antagonist		2.3110flavonoid oligomer
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
resorcinols;
stilbenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.610
su 11248
[no description available]		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		3.2310dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
pd 151746
[no description available]		2.610
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		3.2310cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		3.23106-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		3.2310morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefixime
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		3.7320dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.2310benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		3.2310azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.7320
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		2.610hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		8.94381dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		3.1210chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.2310styrenes
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		3.2310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.07101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		3.9911butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.2310bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cinanserin
Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.		2.3110aryl sulfide;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
solanesol
solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).		2.610nonaprenol;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.610pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.2310amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.23103-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
l 685458
L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.		2.610carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
ceftazidime
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.2310gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.2310peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.620monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
bms 806
BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002		4.5230
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.610
famotidine
[no description available]		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entity
salubrinal
salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).		2.610aminal;
organochlorine compound;
quinolines;
secondary carboxamide;
thioureas
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
brecanavir
brecanavir: HIV protease inhibitor		2.9540
N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide
N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide : A tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valine with the amino group of benzyl (2E,4S)-4-(L-leucylamino)-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate. It is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.		2.3110benzyl ester;
isoxazoles;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
tripeptide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.2310azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0310fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
germacrone
germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin		2.610germacrane sesquiterpenoid;
olefinic compound		androgen antagonist;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifeedant;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antitussive;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
insecticide;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
lumefantrine
Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		9.3911fluorenes;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine		antimalarial
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid
(2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source		2.610
lithospermic acid
[no description available]		2.610
everolimus
[no description available]		3.2310cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
laq824
LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor		2.610
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
ekb 569
EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor		2.610aminoquinoline;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		protein kinase inhibitor
rilpivirine
[no description available]		10.63243aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
[no description available]		2.610germacranolide
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.610quinic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.610
isoacteoside
isoacteoside: a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Indian paintbrush (Verbenaceae) Castilleja linariaefolia; also in other plants; structure given in first source		2.2510hydroxycinnamic acid
Ethyl (E,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate
[no description available]		2.3110dipeptideanticoronaviral agent
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		3.2310ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
dantrolene
[no description available]		3.2310
mdl 201053
MDL 201053: Immunosuppressive Agent; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation		2.3110
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		8.712017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.610artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.2310macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
[no description available]		2.610oligopeptide
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.2310diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.2310substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
belinostat
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42
HDAC-42: structure in first source		2.610amidobenzoic acid
5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl 2-furoate
[no description available]		2.3110carboxylic esteranticoronaviral agent
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.610biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.23101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
gs-7340
tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		12.171796-aminopurines;
ether;
isopropyl ester;
L-alanine derivative;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.2310
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
iniparib
[no description available]		2.610carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.610
pri-2205
[no description available]		2.610
mk 0752
[no description available]		2.610
givinostat
[no description available]		2.610carbamate ester
pd 144418
[no description available]		2.610
bicyclol
bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.		2.610
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		2.610benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: Inhibitor of reverse transcriptases or of RNA-directed DNA polymerases.		6.9542
racivir
[no description available]		3.1210
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.610peptide
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.2310organic molecular entity
biln 2061
BILN 2061: a macrocyclic NS3 protease inhibitor and antiviral agent; structure in first source		3.1610
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.610aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.5920aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
sb 3ct compound
SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		2.610ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
sp 100030
N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide: transcription factor inhibitor specific to T-cells		2.3110
rucaparib
AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610azepinoindole;
caprolactams;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
gw0742
GW 610742: structure in first source		2.3110monocarboxylic acid
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)-
[no description available]		2.610organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
cetilistat
cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)		2.610benzoxazine
ym 201636
6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic amide
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome		2.3110
linagliptin
Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.		2.610aminopiperidine;
quinazolines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sepantronium
sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.		2.3110organic cation
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.610benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib
odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source		2.610
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
apilimod
[no description available]		2.610
apixaban
[no description available]		2.7620aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
betrixaban
betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.		2.610benzamides;
guanidines;
monochloropyridine;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban
edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.		2.7620chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound;
thiazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
saracatinib
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
diether;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
oxanes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide
boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.		3.9830tripeptide;
ureas		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
triptohypol C
triptohypol C : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C29H40O4, originally isolated from the root bark of Tripterygium regelii.		2.3110benzenediols;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
ly 411575
[no description available]		2.610dibenzoazepine;
difluorobenzene;
lactam;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir
[no description available]		2.610
PB28
PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.		2.610aromatic ether;
piperazines;
tetralins		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
sigma-2 receptor agonist
baci-im
[no description available]		3.2310homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one
[no description available]		2.3110benzothiazoles
degrasyn
degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source		2.610
epoxomicin
[no description available]		2.610morpholines;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.7320adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632
PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source		2.610
tmc 353121
[no description available]		2.610
amd 070
mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker		2.610aminoquinoline
danoprevir
[no description available]		3.6520
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.2310nystatins
np 031112
tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.		2.3110benzenes;
naphthalenes;
thiadiazolidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
bms-626529
[no description available]		3.7320
bms-663068
fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
amenamevir
ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source		2.610
vx 765
belnacasan: a NSAID		2.610dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae		2.8220abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		2.610nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204
FR 180204: structure in first source		2.610pyrazoles;
ring assembly
ulimorelin
ulimorelin: ghrelin agonist; an 18-membered macrocycle containing 3 amide bonds and a secondary amine as well as 4 stereogenic centers; belongs to macrocyclic peptidomimetics		3.1610oligopeptide
quisinostat
[no description available]		2.610indoles
carfilzomib
[no description available]		2.610epoxide;
morpholines;
tetrapeptide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796
HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source		2.610
mk-0893
[no description available]		2.3110
resminostat
resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.2310acetamides
zk 756326
2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
balapiravir
balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source		2.610
trametinib
[no description available]		2.610acetamides;
aromatic amine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
organoiodine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
ring assembly		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
deoxyarbutin
4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610
abexinostat
abexinostat: structure in first source		2.610benzofurans
silvestrol
silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.610dioxanes;
ether;
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
narlaprevir
narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.		2.610azabicyclohexane;
cyclopropanes;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary carboxamide;
ureas		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
teneligliptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of emtricitabine and tenofovir that is used as an ANTI-HIV AGENT in the treatment and prevention of HIV INFECTIONS.		4.2131
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.610
veliparib
[no description available]		2.610benzimidazolesEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		3.2310
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.610
alloin
[no description available]		2.610anthracenes;
C-glycosyl compound;
cyclic ketone;
phenols		laxative;
metabolite
mdv 3100
[no description available]		2.610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
Benzotriazol-1-yl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate
[no description available]		2.3110indolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
bms-650032
asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus		2.610oligopeptide
rg 7128
2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source		2.610
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.2310polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.3110tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		10.25194
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
oritavancin
oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.		2.8220disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
5-Bromopyridin-3-yl furan-2-carboxylate
[no description available]		2.3110carboxylic esteranticoronaviral agent
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-5-carboxylate
[no description available]		2.3110indolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 1H-indole-2-carboxylate
[no description available]		2.3110indolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		3.8621glycoside
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		3.471121-hydroxy steroid
phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.		2.3110arylmercury compound;
benzenes
thimerosal
Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.		2.3110alkylmercury compoundantifungal drug;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
drug allergen
pevonedistat
pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.		2.610cyclopentanols;
indanes;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
sulfamidate		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061
UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.610aromatic amide
cholylglycylamidofluorescein
[no description available]		2.0510
tegobuvir
tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor		2.610
pf-429242
PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor		2.610
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		3.2310organosulfonic acid
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
raltegravir potassium
Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.		17.3910636
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.2510
olaparib
[no description available]		2.610cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cx 4945
[no description available]		2.610
pci 34051
PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor		2.610indolecarboxamide
lomibuvir
lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity		2.610thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib
[no description available]		2.610C-terminal boronic acid peptide;
phenylpyridine;
secondary alcohol;
threonine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
proteasome inhibitor
pitavastatin(1-)
pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
simeprevir
[no description available]		3.1610azamacrocycle;
lactam
GRL-0617
GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).		2.610benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor		2.610carbamate ester
niraparib
niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.		2.6102-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
jzl 184
JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source		2.610benzodioxoles
gsk 650394
[no description available]		2.610phenylpyridine
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		3.8830
oprozomib
ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.2310oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
az 960
[no description available]		2.610
robotnikinin
robotnikinin: binds sonic hedgehog protein to block its signaling pathway; structure in first source		3.1610
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-4-carboxylate
[no description available]		2.3110indolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
golgicide a
golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).		2.610diastereoisomeric mixturecis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
cobicistat
[no description available]		17.3690271,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		4.0430biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib
ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.610benzamides;
boronic acids;
dichlorobenzene;
glycine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
orphan drug;
proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101
2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source		2.610
bi 201335
faldaprevir: inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease		3.4811
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.610aryl sulfide;
thienopyrimidine
baricitinib
[no description available]		2.610azetidines;
nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antirheumatic drug;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
idx 899
IDX 899: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor		7.544
KOM70144
KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).		2.610acetamides;
benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.1840
e-52862
[no description available]		2.610
ly2811376
[no description available]		2.610
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.6920
anagliptin
anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound		2.610amino acid amide
gardiquimod
[no description available]		2.610
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		9.1121aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
abt-450
paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.2731
letermovir
letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source		2.610
Benzyl N-[(2S)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate
[no description available]		2.3110dipeptideanticoronaviral agent
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		3.9220isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor		2.610benzoxazole
blz 945
[no description available]		2.610
azd3839
AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pf 3084014
nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.		2.610
unc 0638
UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
gs-9620
[no description available]		2.610
amg-837
AMG-837: GPR40 agonist		2.3110
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source		2.610
bms 708163
BMS 708163: structure in first source		2.610oxadiazole;
ring assembly
g 52
GRL-0519: an HIV-1 protease inhibitor; structure in first source		2.7830
N-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic amide;
furans
gniditrin
gniditrin: antileukemic diterpenoid ester from Gnidia lamprantha; for structure see card of gnididin		2.0710
jq1 compound
[no description available]		2.610carboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
gsk525762a
molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source		2.610benzodiazepine
ML240
ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).		2.610aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
birinapant
birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity		2.610dipeptide
ly2886721
[no description available]		2.610
nms-p118
NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
tubastatin a
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
pyridoindole;
tertiary amino compound		EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat
pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.		2.610benzimidazole;
hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
spautin-1
[no description available]		2.610
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.5320
ldn 57444
LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source		2.610
gsk1210151a
GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source		2.610imidazoquinoline
i-bet726
[no description available]		2.610
acy-1215
ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
cudc-907
[no description available]		2.610
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		3.9730ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.66201,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		3.2310
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		3.2310
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		3.2310
piroxicam
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		3.73201,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		8.930benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.2310
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		14.08607sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
tasquinimod
tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source		2.610
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.2310
gsk1265744
[no description available]		2.610difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
dolutegravir
[no description available]		14.285215difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267
ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.2731aromatic amide;
carbamate ester;
dipeptide;
pyrrolidines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333
dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.2731aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
pyrimidone;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966
[no description available]		2.610
rg2833
RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pi-1840
PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source		2.610
acy-738
[no description available]		2.610
pelabresib
CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
gs-5806
presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor		2.610
doravirine
[no description available]		8.8783
gn6958
GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source		2.610
vx-787
pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs		2.610
ledipasvir
ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.610azaspiro compound;
benzimidazole;
bridged compound;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
fluorenes;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816
velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.		2.610carbamate ester;
ether;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk
G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source		2.610
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		2.610
verdinexor
verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export		2.610
cb-839
[no description available]		2.610
mk-8742
elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		4.1121carbamate ester;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin
atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).		2.610
xen445
[no description available]		2.610
santacruzamate a
santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source		2.610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
ldc4297
LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.		2.610aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazoles;
pyrazolotriazine;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
enasidenib
[no description available]		2.6101,3,5-triazines;
aminopyridine;
aromatic amine;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
bictegravir
bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.		6.0161monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide;
trifluorobenzene		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
buprenorphine-3-o-glucuronide
buprenorphine-3-O-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha-(S))-isomer		3.4611
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		2.2510
s 8932
[no description available]		5.6370aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
danoprevir
[no description available]		2.3110
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.73202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		3.98302-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
nu 1025
NU 1064: structure in first source		2.610phenols;
quinazolines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.2310folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
neopterin
[no description available]		4.4822
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		11.7761cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		3.2310benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		3.2310dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		3.7320purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		3.73202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.7320L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		3.6920piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		3.6820benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.6102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		3.2310imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		3.2310nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.2310tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		3.2310formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		8.7320N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
4-hydroxyquinazoline
4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.7320carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.610dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.7320N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		3.4311citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		3.7320(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
rifabutin
[no description available]		3.2310
azilsartan
azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.		2.6101,2,4-oxadiazole;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazolecarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
hesperadin
[no description available]		2.610
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection		2.610
amg531
[no description available]		2.3110
carbovir triphosphate
carbovir triphosphate: metabolite of abacavir. carbovir triphosphate : The organic triphosphate that is the 5'-triphosphate of (-)-carbovir.		8.4611organic triphosphate
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
hydrazide;
hydrazone;
naphthols		EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
XL413
XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.		2.610benzofuropyrimidine;
organochlorine compound;
pyrrolidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
me0328
ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source		2.610
nvp-tnks656
[no description available]		2.610
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).		2.3110aldehyde;
indolecarboxamide;
oligopeptide;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).		2.3110aldehyde;
indolecarboxamide;
monofluorobenzenes;
oligopeptide;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.110
grl 98065
(2,8-dioxabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-6-yl)-N-(4-((3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl) carbamate: HIV protease inhibitor; structure in first source		2.7430
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		12.743413
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		025.26782270
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		130.031,564540
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.9610
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.9610
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		06.9552
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		03.8321
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		03.8321
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		07.63121
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		010.751911
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		07.63121
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		010.751911
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		08.49185
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.4920
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		115.49185
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.4920
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.4920
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.110
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.110
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		013.1447
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		05.5851
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		07.04410
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		02.5420
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		02.5420
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.3110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.3110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.3110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.3110
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		07.6754
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.4110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		012.01346
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.4110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		09.46118
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		09.46118
Aging, Premature
Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.		02.610
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.7620
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.7620
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		07.86101
Late Onset Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Urinary Lithiasis
[description not available]		02.2110
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		06.49153
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		18.49153
Urolithiasis
Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.		02.2110
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		04.7661
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		04.7661
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		09.9240
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		07.8730
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		02.8730
AIDS Nephropathy
[description not available]		02.2110
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy
Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.		02.2110
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.2510
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		03.1740
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		08.1740
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.2510
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		08.54112
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		010.52224
Microbial Superinvasion
[description not available]		02.2510
Co-infection
[description not available]		06.09142
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		05.0791
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		06.2250
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.9630
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.9630
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		06.2250
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		06.2250
Great Pox
[description not available]		02.2510
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		02.2510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.6620
Pyrexia
[description not available]		02.6620
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.2510
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.2510
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.6620
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		02.6620
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.2510
Amaurosis, Leber Congenital
[description not available]		02.2510
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		02.2510
Lassitude
[description not available]		02.2510
Ciliopathies
Genetic disorders caused by defects in genes related to the primary CILIUM; BASAL BODY; or CENTROSOME. Primary features may include obesity, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA; POLYDACTYLY and malformations that primarily involve the liver, eye or kidneys.		02.2510
Hereditary Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		02.2510
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		02.2510
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.2510
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		02.2510
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		02.2510
Leber Congenital Amaurosis
A rare degenerative inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life that results in a loss of vision. Not to be confused with LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal development of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS in the RETINA, or by the extremely premature degeneration of retinal cells.		02.2510
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.2510
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.2510
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		02.6920
MODS
[description not available]		02.2510
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		02.2510
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		02.6620
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.2510
Cacosmia
[description not available]		02.2510
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		02.2510
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.2510
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		05.0631
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.2510
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		07.3993
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.2510
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		02.7220
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		02.7220
Bradykinesia
[description not available]		02.2510
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.2510
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.2510
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		02.2510
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.2510
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.2510
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		02.2510
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.2510
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.2510
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.2510
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.5820
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.5820
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.2510
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.2510
Sore Throat
[description not available]		02.2510
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		02.2510
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.2510
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		02.2510
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic
[description not available]		02.2510
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia
[description not available]		02.2510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.2510
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.2510
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		02.2510
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.2510
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.2510
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.2510
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		02.2510
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		03.1710
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		03.1710
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		04.8821
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		04.8821
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.5520
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.3110
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.5520
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3110
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.3110
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		07.3461
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.2310
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		07.3461
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.2310
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.3110
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		010.32157
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		04.1531
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		04.1531
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.1510
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		04.470
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.1510
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		07.1510
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		02.1710
Cerebral Cryptococcosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		02.5220
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		02.5220
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		02.1710
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)		02.1710
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.1510
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.1510
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.1510
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.6930
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection
[description not available]		02.1710
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.6930
Histoplasmosis
Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.		07.1710
Encephalitis, Viral
Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.		02.5520
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.7730
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		03.0910
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		03.0910
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.1710
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.2110
Epileptiform Neuralgia
[description not available]		02.2110
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.2110
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)		02.2110
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.2110
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.2110
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		05.3141
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		05.3141
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		04.3911
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		04.3911
Shoulder Pain
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.		02.0810
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		05.6432
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.		05.6432
Nephrolithiasis
Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.		07.4820
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.9140
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.9140
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.110
Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures
[description not available]		02.110
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.110
Ankle Fractures
Fractures of any of the bones of the ANKLE.		02.110
Exanthem
[description not available]		03.0140
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		03.0140
AIDS, Simian
[description not available]		02.4920
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.520
Retinal Dystrophies
A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.		02.1110
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.1110
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		02.1110
Abscess, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.1110
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.1110
Lung Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		07.1110
Emesis
[description not available]		04.4122
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		03.4811
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		04.4122
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		03.4811
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		04.4122
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.1110
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.1110
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.0140
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.0140
Albers-Schoenberg Disease
[description not available]		04.4111
Osteopetrosis
Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).		04.4111
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		02.1110
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		02.1110
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.1110
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.1110
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		06.4153
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		113.4153
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		02.5420
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		02.5420
Adverse Effects, Long Term
[description not available]		02.1310
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.1310
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.1310
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.1310
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.1310
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis, Herpetic
[description not available]		02.1310
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex
An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)		02.1310
Ache
[description not available]		02.1310
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.1310
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		04.821
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		04.4311
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		04.4311
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		04.4311
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		04.4311
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.		04.4311
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		04.4311
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		04.4311
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		04.4311
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		04.4311
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		03.0610
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		03.0610
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		03.0610
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		03.0610
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.0410
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		07.2142
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.9610
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.9610
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.0510
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		02.0510
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		02.0510
Injuries, Needlestick
[description not available]		02.0510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.9610
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		02.0510
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.4720
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		02.0610
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
[description not available]		02.0610
Immune Reconstitution Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		02.0610
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.		02.0610
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.0710
Encephalopathy, Hypertensive
[description not available]		02.0710
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior
[description not available]		02.0710
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.0710
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0710
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.0710
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		02.0710
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral
Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)		02.0710
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.9910
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.0710
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		02.0710
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		0310
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		0310
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		0310
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.0810
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.0810
Dizzyness
[description not available]		02.9410
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		02.9410
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		02.9410
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		02.9410
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.0410
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		02.0410
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.0410