arbekacin profile

arbekacin: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	68682
CHEMBL ID	426926
CHEBI ID	37922
SCHEMBL ID	18413
MeSH ID	M0100125

Synonym
CHEBI:37922 ,
(2s)-4-amino-n-[(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-(3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide
arbekacin (inn)
D07462
arbekacin
haberacin
arbekacin [inn]
arbekacine [french]
o-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1->6))-n'-((2s)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-2-deoxy-l-streptamine
arbekacinum [latin]
o-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1-6))-n'-((2s)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-2-deoxy-l-streptamine
d-streptamine, o-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1-4))-n1-(4-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxobutyl)-2-deoxy-, (s)-
d-streptamine, o-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1-4))-n(sup 1)-(4-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxobutyl)-2-deoxy-, (s)-
arbekacina [spanish]
dkb-ahb
(2s)-4-amino-n-[(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-4-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy-butanamide
DB06696
butanamide, 4-amino-n-[(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-[(3-amino-3-deoxy-.alpha.-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-4-[(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-.alpha.-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy-, (2s)-
me-1100
me1100
CHEMBL426926
(2s)-4-amino-n-[(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-4-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide
arbekacinum
arbekacina
arbekacine
g7v6sli20l ,
unii-g7v6sli20l
gtpl7345
SCHEMBL18413
arbekacin [who-dd]
arbekacin [mi]
o-3-amino-3-deoxy-.alpha.-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-.alpha.-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1->6))-n'-((2s)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-2-deoxy-l-streptamine
d-streptamine, o-3-amino-3-deoxy-.alpha.-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-o-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-.alpha.-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1->4))-n1-((2s)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxobutyl)-2-deoxy-
DTXSID8048319
AKOS025149466
(2s)-4-amino-n-[(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-{[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide
84G ,
MKKYBZZTJQGVCD-XTCKQBCOSA-N
(s)-4-amino-n-((1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)-4-((2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-hydroxybutanamide
(2s)-4-amino-n-{(1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-[(3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-4-[(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-erythro-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-3-hydroxycyclohexyl}-2-hydroxybutanamide
Q4784668
51025-85-5 (free base)
(s)-4-amino-n-((1r,2s,3s,4r,5s)-5-amino-2-(((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4-(((2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-hydroxybutanamide

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" ABK was found less toxic to kidney than VCM, and the toxicity was strengthened by combined treatment with VCM and ABK."	( [A study on nephrotoxicity of arbekacin and vancomycin in rats]. Asaoka, H; Niizato, T; Nishiyama, S; Ohnishi, M; Saito, A, 1994)	0.29
"ABK is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of acquired staphylococcal infection in the neonatal intensive care nursery."	( Efficacy and safety of arbekacin for staphylococcal infection in the NICU. Suzuki, K, 2003)	0.32
" Incidence of adverse reactions was 38."	( The efficacy and safety of high-dose arbekacin sulfate therapy (once-daily treatment) in patients with MRSA infection. Fukuda, Y; Hashiguchi, K; Imamura, Y; Inoue, Y; Izumikawa, K; Kakeya, H; Kobayashi, T; Kohno, S; Kondo, A; Miyazaki, T; Morinaga, Y; Nakamura, S; Yamamoto, Y; Yanagihara, K, 2012)	0.38
" There was no increase in the incidence of adverse events."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of arbekacin sulfate in patients with MRSA sepsis or pneumonia: a multi-institutional study. Akiyama, N; Arai, T; Hanaki, H; Higashihara, M; Ichiwata, T; Ikegami, K; Kimura, T; Kobayashi, M; Matsumoto, T; Miyao, N; Nemoto, M; Oda, S; Ohyashiki, K; Otsuka, Y; Soma, K; Sunakawa, K; Suzuki, Y; Totsuka, K; Yokota, H; Yoshida, M; Yukioka, T, 2013)	0.39
"Arbekacin can be considered as safe and effective alternative to vancomycin in the management of MRSA infections."	( A Multicentre, Open label, Randomized, Comparative, Parallel Group, Active-controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Arbekacin Sulphate Injection versus Vancomycin Injection in Patients Diagnosed with MRSA Infection. Agarwal, R; Agrawal, RP; Basu, I; Bhalla, H; Bs, M; Das, C; Deb, AK; Dube, A; Kurlekar, U; Padhye, D; Pawar, R; Shahavi, V; Singh, RM; Srivastava, A; Srivastava, P, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was made in accordance with the two-compartment open model, and 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) was used as the renal function index."	( [Pharmacokinetics of arbekacin in healthy volunteers and patients with renal insufficiency]. Kishi, M; Kumon, H; Mizuno, A; Nasu, Y; Ohmori, H; Tsugawa, M, 1989)	0.28
"In vitro studies of elimination of arbekacin (HBK), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, from blood by means of hemodialysis or adsorption with charcoal, and pharmacokinetic studies in patients with renal dysfunction were examined."	( [Clinical study of aminoglycosides on renal dysfunction--pharmacokinetics of arbekacin and its elimination effects by hemodialysis and adsorption with charcoal]. Arakawa, S; Fujii, A; Hamada, K; Hara, S; Kamidono, S; Maeda, H; Miyazaki, S, 1989)	0.28
" Elimination serum half-life increased in relation to the degree of renal impairment, from 2 h in normal subjects to 32 h in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min."	( [Pharmacokinetics of habekacin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. Bernadet, P; Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Josse, S; Leroy, A; Moulin, B, 1987)	0.27
" The elimination half-life in serum increased in relation to the degree of renal impairment, from 2 h in normal subjects to 32 h in patients with creatinine clearances of less than 10 ml/min."	( Pharmacokinetics of habekacin in patients with renal insufficiency. Bernadet, P; Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Josse, S; Leroy, A; Moulin, B, 1987)	0.27
"The bactericidal activities of arbekacin (ABK), vancomycin (VCM), gentamicin (GM) and netilmicin (NTL) in mixed culture with Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined using an in vitro computer programmed pharmacokinetic simulation system and also the protective effect of these agents on systemic infection in neutropenic mice was examined."	( [Evaluation of bactericidal activity of arbekacin in mixed culture with MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro pharmacokinetic simulation system]. Goto, S; Sugano, T; Takada, T; Takase, Y; Tsuji, A; Yamaguchi, K; Yoshida, T, 1994)	0.29
" Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), serum half-life (T1/2 beta) and urinary recovery rate (0-48 hours) after single administration of 200 mg of ABK, were 13."	( [Evaluation of once-daily administration of arbekacin. Experimental study and determination of pharmacokinetic properties in man]. Araake, M; Mitomi, N; Niizato, T; Shimizu, K; Totsuka, K, 1994)	0.29
"The objective of the present study was to determine pharmacokinetic variables and to characterize a new initial dosing regimen of arbekacin (ABK) for preterm and term newborn infants."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of arbekacin in preterm and term newborn infants. Matsuzaki, T; Suzuki, K; Tanikawa, K, 2003)	0.32
" Population pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the optimal dosage regimens for three types of antibiotics: an aminoglycoside, arbekacin; a glycopeptide, vancomycin; and a carbapenem, panipenem."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin, vancomycin, and panipenem in neonates. Kimura, T; Kubo, H; Matsuura, N; Shimada, S; Sunakawa, K; Yago, K, 2004)	0.32
"We inoculated an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simultaneously with clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and an enterocin-producing enterococcus (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, ampicillin susceptible) at 7 log10 CFU/ml to examine enterocin effects and antimicrobial activity on staphylococci."	( Impact of Enterococcus faecalis on the bactericidal activities of arbekacin, daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a mixed-pathogen pharmacodynamic model. Chin, JN; LaPlante, KL; Leuthner, KD; Rybak, MJ, 2006)	0.33
" In total, 1,581 serum arbekacin concentrations were measured (primarily from routine patient care) and used to perform the present pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of Arbekacin in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Aikawa, N; Kaku, M; Morita, K; Sato, R; Shimizu, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.33
" Since we have reported the population pharmacokinetic parameters for arbekacin in the preceding paper (Y."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of arbekacin for treatment of patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Aikawa, N; Kaku, M; Sato, R; Shimizu, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.33
" A pharmacokinetic model with three compartments (1, central; 2, peripheral; 3, filtrate-dialysate side hemofilter) accurately reflected the concentration-time data for both plasma and filtrate-dialysate."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once-daily arbekacin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Suyama, H; Yamanoue, T, 2009)	0.35
"Once a day of arbekacin (ABK) administrations based on a new object of peak concentration setting on 9-20 microg/mL were performed to 14 neonates."	( [Evaluation of once a day of arbekacin administration to neonates as a new object of peak concentration]. Kinoshita, D, 2010)	0.36
"The efficacy of arbekacin in patients with MRSA infections is influenced by the peak concentration (Cpeak)/MIC ratio (≧8)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin in different infectious disease settings and evaluation of dosing regimens. Hagihara, M; Hamada, Y; Hirai, J; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Sakanashi, D; Suematsu, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2016)	0.43
" In the pharmacokinetic study, the C max in the 30 mg/mL ME1100 treatment group in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma was 31."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ME1100, a novel optimized formulation of arbekacin for inhalation, compared with amikacin in a murine model of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasegawa, H; Izumikawa, K; Kaku, N; Kosai, K; Miyazaki, T; Morinaga, Y; Mukae, H; Takeda, K; Uno, N; Yanagihara, K, 2017)	0.46
" The objective of these analyses was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the arbekacin concentration-time profile in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following ME1100 administration."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses for Arbekacin after Administration of ME1100 Inhalation Solution. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Kondo, K; Koresawa, T; Lakota, EA; Rubino, CM; Sato, N, 2019)	0.51
" However, the influence of the physiology of patients with FN on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of ABK remains unclear."	( Increased Arbekacin Clearance in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia. Chuma, M; Hamada, T; Hatta, Y; Imai, T; Iriyama, N; Iwabuchi, S; Kimura, T; Matsumoto, C; Miura, K; Nakagawa, M; Nakayama, T; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, H; Takei, M; Tochikura, N; Uchino, Y, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Arbekacin may prove useful when used in combination with vancomycin in treating infections caused by gentamicin-resistant MRSA."	( In-vitro activity of arbekacin alone and in combination with vancomycin against gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chow, JW; Kariyama, R; Kumon, H; You, I; Zervos, MJ, 2000)	0.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A bioavailability term was included for the inhalational route of administration, which was estimated to be 19."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses for Arbekacin after Administration of ME1100 Inhalation Solution. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Kondo, K; Koresawa, T; Lakota, EA; Rubino, CM; Sato, N, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In conclusion, if it could be necessary to use habekacin and to prefer this aminoglycoside to gentamicin from an antibacterial activity point of view it is necessary to keep in mind that this drug is potentially nephrotoxic and that the dosage had to be strictly respected."	( [Habekacin: a new aminoglycoside. Study of nephrotoxicity in rats in comparison with gentamicin, netilmicin and amikacin]. Fillastre, JP; Morin, JP; Olier, B; Thomas, N, 1988)	0.27
" Cumulative drug dose-response curves were obtained for three different muscles in 24 rabbits."	( Neuromuscular blocking effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotics arbekacin, astromicin, isepamicin and netilmicin on the diaphragm and limb muscles in the rabbit. Hashimoto, Y; Kato, M; Liu, M, 2001)	0.31
"The objective of the present study was to determine pharmacokinetic variables and to characterize a new initial dosing regimen of arbekacin (ABK) for preterm and term newborn infants."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of arbekacin in preterm and term newborn infants. Matsuzaki, T; Suzuki, K; Tanikawa, K, 2003)	0.32
" The new initial dosing regimen was determined based on these data."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of arbekacin in preterm and term newborn infants. Matsuzaki, T; Suzuki, K; Tanikawa, K, 2003)	0.32
" The new dosing regimen is 5 mg/kg every 48 h, 5 mg/kg every 24 h, and 4 mg/kg every 24 h for PE, PL, and T, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of arbekacin in preterm and term newborn infants. Matsuzaki, T; Suzuki, K; Tanikawa, K, 2003)	0.32
"With the new dosing regimen, more infants achieved serum ABK levels within the optimal range than the conventional one."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of arbekacin in preterm and term newborn infants. Matsuzaki, T; Suzuki, K; Tanikawa, K, 2003)	0.32
" At 72 h, ABK or VAN alone produced equivalent bacterial reductions regardless of dosing frequency and GEN resistance."	( Efficacies of vancomycin, arbekacin, and gentamicin alone or in combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro infective endocarditis model. Choi, JH; Choi, SM; Chun, HS; Kang, MW; Lee, DG; Shin, WS; Yim, DS; Yoo, JH, 2003)	0.32
"Immature renal function in neonates requires antibiotic dosage adjustment."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin, vancomycin, and panipenem in neonates. Kimura, T; Kubo, H; Matsuura, N; Shimada, S; Sunakawa, K; Yago, K, 2004)	0.32
" In this study, the authors investigated the pharmacokinetics of ABK based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), in order to establish an effective dosage regimen with minimal adverse reactions in MRSA infected newborns and infants."	( Dosage regimen of arbekacin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in newborns and infants. Ebisu, R; Minowa, H; Takahashi, Y; Uchida, Y; Yoshida, K; Yoshioka, A, 2004)	0.32
" Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy and histochemical staining demonstrated that an effective dosage of arbekacin induced dramatic changes in the biofilm membranous structure as well as in the inflammatory response, resulting in eradication of the biofilm structure and resolution of inflammation."	( Effect of arbekacin on a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced biofilm in a rat model. Morikawa, K; Nonaka, M; Torii, I; Yoshikawa, Y, 2004)	0.32
" Proper use and dosage is required, and is based on patient background and the conditions of infection, among other factors."	( [Analysis of factors in selecting anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drugs by doctors]. Aoyama, T; Hayashi, H; Matsumoto, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Saito, A, 2008)	0.35
" The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of serum cystatin C as a marker of GFR to determine the initial dosage of arbekacin, an antibiotic primarily excreted via the kidneys."	( Evaluation of the clinical application of cystatin C, a new marker of the glomerular filtration rate, for the initial dose-setting of arbekacin. Araki, H; Inoue, T; Murase, M; Nishimiya, T; Otsuka, T; Suemaru, K; Tanaka, A, 2008)	0.35
"These results suggest that serum cystatin C is a useful marker of GFR for determining the initial dosage of arbekacin, especially in patients with moderate impairment of renal function."	( Evaluation of the clinical application of cystatin C, a new marker of the glomerular filtration rate, for the initial dose-setting of arbekacin. Araki, H; Inoue, T; Murase, M; Nishimiya, T; Otsuka, T; Suemaru, K; Tanaka, A, 2008)	0.35
" However, despite the low CCR, even the maintenance ABK dosage for normal CCR did not elevate the highest serum level (C(max)) to the effective range in the patient group."	( Recommended dose of arbekacin, an aminoglycoside against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, does not achieve desired serum concentration in critically ill patients with lowered creatinine clearance. Aibiki, M; Fukuoka, N, 2008)	0.35
" The present results hypothesize that adjustment of antibiotic dosing according to CCR further lowers C(max) in critically ill patients with reduced CCR."	( Recommended dose of arbekacin, an aminoglycoside against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, does not achieve desired serum concentration in critically ill patients with lowered creatinine clearance. Aibiki, M; Fukuoka, N, 2008)	0.35
" Our findings suggest that PEGylation of N-WASP181-200 is a useful strategy for reducing dosage of the concomitant with which to decrease renal accumulation in the kidney, leading to prevention of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity."	( Effect of PEGylation of N-WASP181-200 on the inhibitory potency for renal aminoglycoside accumulation. Fujii, K; Nagai, J; Sawada, T; Takano, M; Yumoto, R, 2009)	0.35
"This study examined the pharmacokinetics of arbekacin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and assessed the pharmacodynamics to consider arbekacin dosage adaptation in CVVHDF."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once-daily arbekacin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Suyama, H; Yamanoue, T, 2009)	0.35
"769, n = 35), which suggested the usefulness of the dosage design."	( [Evaluation of once a day of arbekacin administration to neonates as a new object of peak concentration]. Kinoshita, D, 2010)	0.36
" In conclusion, we recommend the initial dose of ABK at 5-6 mg/kg or higher and the dosage regimen should be adjusted to achieve C (peak) at 10-15 μg/mL or higher in the treatment of patients with pneumonia or sepsis caused by MRSA."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of arbekacin sulfate in patients with MRSA sepsis or pneumonia: a multi-institutional study. Akiyama, N; Arai, T; Hanaki, H; Higashihara, M; Ichiwata, T; Ikegami, K; Kimura, T; Kobayashi, M; Matsumoto, T; Miyao, N; Nemoto, M; Oda, S; Ohyashiki, K; Otsuka, Y; Soma, K; Sunakawa, K; Suzuki, Y; Totsuka, K; Yokota, H; Yoshida, M; Yukioka, T, 2013)	0.39
" First, although the daily dose of 150-200 mg was approved in Japan, recent PK-PD studies revealed that higher serum concentration is required to achieve better clinical efficacy and several findings concerning the usefulness of higher dosage regimen have obtained recently."	( Clinical practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring of arbekacin: a consensus review of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and the Japanese Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Hamada, Y; Igarashi, M; Kasahara, K; Kimura, M; Kimura, T; Kobayashi, M; Matsumoto, K; Mikamo, H; Mochizuki, T; Nishi, Y; Ohmagari, N; Okada, K; Seki, M; Takahashi, Y; Takakura, S; Takesue, Y; Tanigawara, Y; Tokimatsu, I, 2014)	0.4
" This study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of arbekacin in different infectious diseases and to evaluate its dosing regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin in different infectious disease settings and evaluation of dosing regimens. Hagihara, M; Hamada, Y; Hirai, J; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Sakanashi, D; Suematsu, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2016)	0.43
" As ABK has a narrow therapeutic concentration window, the dosage must be adjusted via therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Increased Arbekacin Clearance in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia. Chuma, M; Hamada, T; Hatta, Y; Imai, T; Iriyama, N; Iwabuchi, S; Kimura, T; Matsumoto, C; Miura, K; Nakagawa, M; Nakayama, T; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, H; Takei, M; Tochikura, N; Uchino, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Although therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended during arbekacin treatment, little evidence for the target exposure and once-daily dosing has been reported."	( Evaluation of once-daily dosing and target concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring for arbekacin: A meta-analysis. Fujii, S; Mayumi, T; Oda, K; Takesue, Y; Yamamoto, T, 2021)	0.62
" Once-daily dosing significantly reduced the risk of treatment failure (RR = 0."	( Evaluation of once-daily dosing and target concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring for arbekacin: A meta-analysis. Fujii, S; Mayumi, T; Oda, K; Takesue, Y; Yamamoto, T, 2021)	0.62
"Once-daily dosing can improve the therapeutic efficacy of arbekacin, and a trough arbekacin concentration of <2 μg/mL can reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity."	( Evaluation of once-daily dosing and target concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring for arbekacin: A meta-analysis. Fujii, S; Mayumi, T; Oda, K; Takesue, Y; Yamamoto, T, 2021)	0.62

Role	Description
antimicrobial agent	A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
protein synthesis inhibitor	A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein.
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antibacterial drug	A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
kanamycins
aminoglycoside
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Arbekacin Action Pathway	1	4

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	12.5797	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624044
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (95)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID299406	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID564685	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	ACHN-490, a neoglycoside with potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
AID560599	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 transformant harboring pSTV28 plasmid expressing aac(6')-Iaf wild type gene by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID310090	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MF490	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID276898	Antibacterial activity against gentamycin and arbekacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus RN4220/pMF490 expressing AAC(6')-APH(2'') enzyme by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID560590	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate IMCJ798 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID66574	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated vancomycin-B resistant enterococci (VRE) strains (10 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID456045	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID456044	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-intermediate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID66576	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated vancomycin-A resistant enterococci (VRE) strains (33 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID520875	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID310096	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID299401	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSC03571 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID520872	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU67 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID299403	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID310095	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN315	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID299404	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN315 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID299402	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIH JC2 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID560598	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 transformant harboring pSTV28 plasmid by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID523398	Antimicrobial activity against amikacin-susceptible Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 harboring 16s rRNA A1408G mutant after 5 days by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Homozygous triplicate mutations in three 16S rRNA genes responsible for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates from a Canada-wide bovine mastitis epizootic.
AID299400	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MF490 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID456043	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID520868	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU28 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID276903	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN3054 expressing AAC(3)-I by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID310094	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa N101	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID310091	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSC03571	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID276901	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID283222	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue [pBluescript 2 SK(+)	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Coproduction of novel 16S rRNA methylase RmtD and metallo-beta-lactamase SPM-1 in a panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Brazil.
AID456046	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID206650	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated Levofloxacin-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LVFX-r MRSA) strains (74 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID534774	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus obtained from war-wounded patient	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	In vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus isolated from war-wounded patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
AID310097	Antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID428869	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli isolate ARS3 carrying pARS3 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, found in a clinically isolated Escherichia coli strain resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides.
AID534775	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus obtained from war-wounded patient assessed as zone of inhibition at 128 ug/ml by disk diffusion method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	In vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus isolated from war-wounded patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
AID520874	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU90 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID1895487	Antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus incubated for 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224	Synthetic access to thiolane-based therapeutics and biological activity studies.
AID276900	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIH JC2 by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID310093	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID523405	Antimicrobial activity against amikacin-susceptible Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 after 3 days by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Homozygous triplicate mutations in three 16S rRNA genes responsible for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates from a Canada-wide bovine mastitis epizootic.
AID520423	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU18 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID560592	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate IMCJ2S1 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID1503974	Mutation read through activity in READ mouse on C57/BL6 background expressing premature termination codon TGA-containing mouse dystrophin gene exon 23 nucleotide sequence gene exon 23 assessed as ratio of luciferase activity to beta-galactosidase activity	2017	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-12, Volume: 8, Issue:10	Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Leucyl-3-
AID428873	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 carrying pMCL210 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, found in a clinically isolated Escherichia coli strain resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides.
AID206629	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated Levofloxacin-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LVFX-r MRSA) strains (74 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID520869	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU33 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID534776	Cmax in war-wounded patient infected with Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoacetius at 2 to 3 mg/kg/day	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	In vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus isolated from war-wounded patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
AID276897	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220/pCR1948 expressing AAC(6')-APH(2'') enzyme by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID310092	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIH JC2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID560593	Antimicrobial activity against rifampin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID520870	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU47 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID299405	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa N101 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID276895	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID276902	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN4925 expressing AAC(6')-Ib by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID428872	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 carrying pMCL-BE by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, found in a clinically isolated Escherichia coli strain resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides.
AID428870	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli CSH-2 carrying Escherichia coli ARS3 pARS3 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, found in a clinically isolated Escherichia coli strain resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides.
AID299399	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC1 by agar dilution method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-deoxy-5-episubstituted arbekacin derivatives.
AID208626	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) strains (50 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID560600	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 transformant harboring pSTV28 plasmid expressing aac(6')-Iaf (TTG-ATG) mutant gene by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID276896	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220/pMS520 expressing AAD(4')-I enzyme by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID564686	Antimicrobial activity against beta lactamase KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	ACHN-490, a neoglycoside with potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID310089	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC-1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22	Effect of varying the 4''-position of arbekacin derivatives on antibacterial activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID276899	Antibacterial activity against gentamycin and arbekacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MF490 expressing AAD(4'), AAC(6')-APH(2'') enzymes by twofold agar dilution method	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives.
AID523397	Antimicrobial activity against amikacin-susceptible Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 harboring 16s rRNA A1408G mutant after 3 days by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Homozygous triplicate mutations in three 16S rRNA genes responsible for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates from a Canada-wide bovine mastitis epizootic.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID283220	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0905	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Coproduction of novel 16S rRNA methylase RmtD and metallo-beta-lactamase SPM-1 in a panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Brazil.
AID283221	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue pPA95S29	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Coproduction of novel 16S rRNA methylase RmtD and metallo-beta-lactamase SPM-1 in a panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Brazil.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID523396	Antimicrobial activity against amikacin-resistant Nocardia farcinica IFM 10580 after 3 days by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Homozygous triplicate mutations in three 16S rRNA genes responsible for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates from a Canada-wide bovine mastitis epizootic.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID208611	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) strains (50 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID560591	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate IMCJ799 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AAC(6')-Iaf, a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AID520873	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU69 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID66572	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated vancomycin-A resistant enterococci (VRE) strains (33 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID428871	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli CSH-2 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase, NpmA, found in a clinically isolated Escherichia coli strain resistant to structurally diverse aminoglycosides.
AID534771	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus obtained from war-wounded patient assessed as susceptible isolates	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	In vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus isolated from war-wounded patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID567091	Drug absorption in human assessed as human intestinal absorption rate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Prediction of drug intestinal absorption by new linear and non-linear QSPR.
AID520871	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolate TSU57 isolated from genitourinary tracts of acute cystitis patient after 24 hrs at 35 degC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec have emerged in urogenital tract infections.
AID66578	Antibacterial activity was determined against clinically isolated vancomycin-B resistant enterococci (VRE) strains (10 strains)	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-amino-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropan-1-yl]-8-methylquinolonecarboxylic acid antibacterials having fluorinated 7-[(3R)-3-(1-aminocyclopropan-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] substituents.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	22 (8.46)	18.7374
1990's	94 (36.15)	18.2507
2000's	82 (31.54)	29.6817
2010's	53 (20.38)	24.3611
2020's	9 (3.46)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	26 (9.85%)	5.53%
Reviews	17 (6.44%)	6.00%
Case Studies	19 (7.20%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	202 (76.52%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 1b Study of ME1100 Inhalation Solution Plus Best Available Therapy in the Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Subjects With Bacterial Pneumonia [NCT02459158]	Phase 1	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of ME1100 Inhalation Solution (Arbekacin Inhalation Solution) Administered to Healthy Volunteers [NCT01907776]	Phase 1	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Phase II Study of Nonsense Readthrough Compound NPC-14 (Arbekacin Sulfate) to Explore Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients (NORTH POLE DMD Study) [NCT01918384]	Phase 2	21 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Active, not recruiting
An Open-label, Single Dose Study to Assess Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of ME1100 Inhalation Solution Administered to Healthy Volunteers [NCT01961830]	Phase 1	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Arbekacin Treatment of Adult Patients With Infections Caused by Multidrug-resistant Bacteria [NCT01659515]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.41	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fosmidomycin fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.	2.06	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	7.01	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	1.96	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.06	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.06	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.06	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	2.94	4	0
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
betaxolol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.06	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
caffeine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
cefixime Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.	2.03	1	0
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	2.06	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.43	7	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.06	1	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.06	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.06	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disulfiram [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.06	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.06	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.06	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	6.25	27	0
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.06	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
iotroxic acid iotroxic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	2.06	1	0	benzenes
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.06	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.06	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.06	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.06	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.06	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.06	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	2.06	1	0	monoterpenoid
nalidixic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.06	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.41	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.94	4	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
pamidronate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
phthalylsulfathiazole phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery.	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure	2.06	1	0	pyridines
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
quetiapine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ranitidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aralkylamine
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.06	1	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	1.98	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.06	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride [no description available]	2.06	1	0	salicylamides
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.73	3	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.06	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.06	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	2.06	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.41	2	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
urapidil [no description available]	2.06	1	0	piperazines
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.01	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.06	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.06	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	12.5	24	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.78	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.06	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	3.09	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	9.26	5	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.06	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	5.9	12	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	2.55	2	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.41	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.54	8	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	1.99	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.06	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	3.1	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
lactulose [no description available]	2.06	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.95	4	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.96	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	1.98	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	12.45	68	6	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.03	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
guanoxan guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage	2.06	1	0	benzodioxine
streptomycin [no description available]	3.51	8	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.06	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.06	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.06	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.98	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
reproterol reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0	oxopurine
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.06	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.46	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.06	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.06	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	2.06	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	4.03	4	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	5.25	16	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	7.41	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	5.75	20	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.06	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.06	1	0
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	6.98	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	7.97	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefotiam Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.	3.08	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.06	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	3.37	1	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.06	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.06	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.06	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.06	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.06	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
tenidap tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer	2.06	1	0
lamivudine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.06	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.43	2	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	4.88	11	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
flomoxef flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.	8.08	5	0	N-acyl-amino acid; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
pazufloxacin [no description available]	7.42	2	0	quinolines
cefminox cefminox : A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and 2-{[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}acetamido side-groups located respectively at positions 3 and 7beta of the cephem nucleus. A broad-spectrum bactericide, it is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.	2.42	2	0	cephamycin; tetrazoles
pafenolol pafenolol: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	8.8	2	1	organic molecular entity
lividomycin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	lividomycins	metabolite
gentamicin c1 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	4.06	4	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.52	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
moexipril [no description available]	2.06	1	0	peptide
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	5.64	18	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	2.06	1	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sulbactam [no description available]	6.5	5	1	penicillanic acids
carbapenems [no description available]	2.05	1	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	4.37	4	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.73	3	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.06	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.41	2	0
rimiterol rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol	2.06	1	0	catechols
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.01	1	0	peptide
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.06	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bekanamycin bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	kanamycins
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.06	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	3.3	6	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	4.97	12	0
linezolid [no description available]	10.17	8	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.03	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	3.8	3	0	penicillanic acid ester
acarbose [no description available]	2.06	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.13	1	0
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	2.06	1	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	6.76	17	4	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.06	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	3.21	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	1.96	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	15.61	247	26	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
dq113 DQ113: a potent quinolone, effective against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci; formerly referred to as D61-1113	2.01	1	0
destomycin a destomycin A: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.06	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.06	1	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.06	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.13	1	0
n-benzoylalanine N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.	2	1	0	N-acyl-L-alanine; N-benzoylalanine	metabolite
streptozocin [no description available]	2.06	1	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.13	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
isepamicin [no description available]	2.93	4	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.06	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	6.98	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
codeine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.06	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.06	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.06	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.	2.06	1	0	maleate salt	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.06	1	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	7.72	3	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.96	4	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
oxyfedrine Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene
famotidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
aztreonam [no description available]	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
cefuzonam cefuzonam: article gives L-105 as synonym, however L 105 is a rifamycin derivative according to Chemline. cefuzonam : A second generation cephalosporin antibiotic.	7.38	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.06	1	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
cilastatin [no description available]	9.28	4	1	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.06	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cefpodoxime proxetil cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.	2.06	1	0	carboxylic acid; carboxylic ester; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; prodrug
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.03	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
sitafloxacin sitafloxacin: structure in first source	7.6	1	0
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	2.01	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	2.03	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	3.3	6	0
aranorosin aranorosin: from Pseudoarachniotus roseus; structure given in first source	7.07	1	0
negamycin negamycin: broad spectrum hydrazide antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces species; action seems to be due to its binding to ribosomes & interference with amino coding in protein synthesis; precursor is probably leucyl-negamycin; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search AMINO ACIDS, DIAMINO (76-85); RN given refers to (threo-L)-isomer	2.15	1	0
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	2.13	1	0
blepharismin blepharismin: a photodynamically active pigment from protozoan, Blepharisma; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	2.47	2	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.06	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
quinupristin-dalfopristin quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively	2.47	2	0	organic molecular entity
hygromycin b [no description available]	1.96	1	0
pargamicin a pargamicin A: isolated from Amycolatopsis; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
achn 490 plazomicin: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	7.1	1	0
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.4	2	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.13	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.06	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	9.8	10	0
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
tigecycline [no description available]	2.96	4	0
fortimicin a sulfate fortimicin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; Abbott-44747 is for disulfate; see also records for fortimicin B & fortimicins; structure in 8th source	2.41	2	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt
daptomycin [no description available]	4.23	5	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	1.98	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.52	2	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.06	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	2.06	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	6.25	13	3
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	6.25	13	3
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	13.81	99	20
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	13.81	99	20
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	4.09	3	1
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	2.05	1	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.31	6	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	2.15	1	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	0	2.54	2	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.17	1	0
Febrile Neutropenia Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.	0	8.97	2	1
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Ritter Disease [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.	0	2.08	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	5.59	12	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	5.59	12	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.73	3	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.73	3	0
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia [description not available]	0	7.53	2	0
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by bacterial CROSS INFECTION in hospitals.	0	2.53	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Otitis Media, Purulent [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	3.5	1	1
Otitis Media, Suppurative Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.	0	3.5	1	1
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Dacryoadenitis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.11	1	0
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	0	2.11	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	4.11	3	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	1	6.11	3	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.51	1	1
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.13	1	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	0	3.03	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	6.59	7	3
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1	8.59	7	3
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.28	6	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	3.83	2	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	3.43	1	1
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	0	2.05	1	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pyomyositis An intramuscular suppuration of the large skeletal muscle groups. It is associated with INFECTION such as STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS and PYODERMA. It was known as a tropical disease but is increasing among the immunocompromised (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST). Symptoms include muscle pain, FEVER, and leucocytosis. It has been diagnosed by MRI SCANS.	0	2.05	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2.68	3	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	2.05	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	6.25	7	2
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	2.71	3	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	2.39	2	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	2.05	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	4.64	6	1
Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available]	0	5.96	7	4
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	5.96	7	4
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	9.64	6	1
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	0	7.06	1	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	0	7.06	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	4.88	8	1
Empyema, Thoracic [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	4.88	8	1
Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.	0	2.07	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	2.01	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.38	2	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	4.47	5	1
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Serratia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.73	2	1
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	4.11	3	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.41	2	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	2.42	2	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.02	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	2.03	1	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	3.36	2	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	3.36	2	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	1.98	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	4.69	2	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	4.69	2	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	4.69	2	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	4.69	2	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Microbial Superinvasion [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.6	3	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	1.98	1	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	0	1.98	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	2.39	2	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	2.91	1	0
Atresia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	2.91	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	1.98	1	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	0	2	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	2	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	2	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	7.01	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	1.98	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	3.76	2	1
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Shingles [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	1.98	1	0
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	1.98	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.37	2	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	1.97	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	1.97	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	1.96	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	1.96	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	1.96	1	0

arbekacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (95)

Research

Studies (260)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

arbekacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (95)

Research

Studies (260)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (262)

Related Conditions (151)