Page last updated: 2024-12-08

platycodin d

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Description

platycodin D: triterpenoid saponin from a root of Platycodon grandiflorum; RN refers to (2beta,3beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
PlatycodongenusA plant genus of the family CAMPANULACEAE that contains platycodin and other triterpenoid SAPONINS. It is a constituent of kikyo-to (MEDICINE, KAMPO).[MeSH]CampanulaceaeA plant family of the order Campanulales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID162859
CHEMBL ID1641859
CHEBI ID70436
SCHEMBL ID23500390
MeSH IDM0282892

Synonyms (25)

Synonym
platycodin d
C17410
58479-68-8
chebi:70436 ,
CHEMBL1641859
cwj06ta2gi ,
unii-cwj06ta2gi
olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,16,23,24-tetrahydroxy-, o-d-apio-beta-d-furanosyl-(1-3)-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-4)-o-6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-l-arabinopyranosyl ester, (2beta,3beta,16alpha)-
S9304
platycodin-d
platycodin d [inci]
singleex platycodin d 98
platycodind
AC-34319
Q-100670
SCHEMBL23500390
mfcd09952590
AKOS037514784
Q15425261
BS-14123
HMS3887G11
CS-0016836
HY-N1411
CCG-270661
DTXSID901021773

Research Excerpts

Overview

Platycodin D (PD) is a triterpenoid saponin, extracted from the roots of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. It is effective against various human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Platycodin D is a promising monomer for therapy of PTC, providing references for future research on PTC treatment."( Platycodin D inhibits the malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by NF-κB and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of pembrolizumab.
Deng, B; Sun, M, 2022
)
2.89
"Platycodin D is a major constituent in the root of "( Platycodin D Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Blocking the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and the Production of Interleukin-8.
An, SE; Chung, WY; Jung, MJ; Kim, KR; Lee, SK; Park, J; Park, KK; Son, JA; Son, SH; Yang, HJ, 2022
)
3.61
"Platycodin D (PD) is a triterpenoid saponin, a major bioactive constituent of the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, which is well known for possessing various pharmacological properties. "( Induction of apoptosis through inactivation of ROS-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by platycodin D in human bladder urothelial carcinoma cells.
Cha, HJ; Chang, YC; Choi, YH; Han, M; Hong, SH; Hyun, JW; Jeong, JW; Kim, GY; Kim, HS; Lee, H; Leem, SH; Park, C; Song, KS, 2022
)
2.38
"Platycodin D (PD) is a major bioactive component of Platycodon grandiflorum, a medicinal herb that is widely used in China, and is effective against various human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). "( Platycodin D suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cells through regulation of Skp2.
Li, H; Liu, R; Ouyang, J, 2023
)
3.8
"Platycodin D (PD) is a triterpenoid saponin, extracted from the roots of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A."( Platycodin D induces apoptotic cell death through PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways and synergizes with venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia.
Jiang, L; Jiang, X; Li, Y; Lin, Y; Lu, Y; Pei, R; Ye, P; Zhao, M, 2023
)
3.07
"Platycodin D (PTD) is an oleanane-type terpenoid saponin, isolated from the plant Platycodon grandiflorus. "( Proposed mechanisms for the extracellular release of PD-L1 by the anticancer saponin platycodin D.
Bailly, C; Vergoten, G, 2020
)
2.22
"Platycodin D (PD) is a major constituent of Platycodon grandiflorum and has multiple functions in disease control. "( Suppressive effect of platycodin D on bladder cancer through microRNA-129-5p-mediated PABPC1/PI3K/AKT axis inactivation.
Chen, D; Chen, T; Dong, L; Guo, Y; Lu, C; Wang, C, 2021
)
2.38
"Platycodin D (PLD) is a saponin found in Platycodon grandiflorum, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. "( Anti-inflammatory effects of Platycodin D on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis and E. coli Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation.
Guo, R; Li, F; Meng, Q; Wang, B, 2021
)
2.36
"Platycodin D is an active component isolated from Chinese herb Platycodonis radix with various pharmacological activities, such as antitussive, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. "( Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Platycodin D in Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma Cell Line 5637.
Gao, S; Li, XG; Sun, S; Yang, WS, 2021
)
2.33
"Platycodin D (PD) is an active natural saponin that possesses strong anti-oxidant activity."( Platycodin D inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.
Che, J; Shi, G; Tang, J; Wang, Y; Zhao, H, 2018
)
2.64
"Platycodin D (PLD) is a triterpenoid saponin that exhibits antioxidant properties."( Platycodin D protects cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Guo, H; Wang, G; Wang, X, 2019
)
2.68
"Platycodin D (PLD) is a triterpenoid saponin that exerts anti-tumour activity through multiple mechanisms."( Platycodin D inhibits proliferation, migration and induces chemosensitization through inactivation of the NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in multiple myeloma cells.
Chen, Y; Ma, H; Wang, M; Wu, D; Zhang, W, 2019
)
2.68
"Platycodin D (PD) is an active component mainly isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. "( Platycodin D inhibits tumor growth by antiangiogenic activity via blocking VEGFR2-mediated signaling pathway.
Chen, HZ; Fang, C; Gao, YG; Guan, YY; Liu, HJ; Liu, YR; Lu, Q; Luan, X; Xu, JR; Zhao, M, 2014
)
3.29
"Platycodin D is a major pharmacological constituent of Platycodi Radix with immunomodulatory activity. "( Protective effect of platycodin D on liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic mice via regulation of Treg/Th17 balance.
Chen, T; Chen, Y; Gao, J; Ji, H; Ji, J; Lan, L; Wang, S; Wei, Y; Wu, H; Xiang, P; Xiao, W; Xie, P; Yan, T, 2015
)
2.18
"Platycodin D (PD) is a major constituent of triterpene saponins found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. "( Platycodin D induces apoptosis and decreases telomerase activity in human leukemia cells.
Choi, BT; Choi, YH; Kang, HS; Kim, GY; Kim, MO; Lee, JD; Li, W; Moon, DO; Shin, DY, 2008
)
3.23

Effects

Platycodin D (PLD) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. It has been shown to fight cancer by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Platycodin D(PD) has a significantly inhibitory effect on multiple malignant tumors, and can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells K562 and induce apoptosis. "( [Inhibitory effect and mechanism of platycodin D combined with imatinib on K562/R].
Dai, Q; Ge, YQ, 2018
)
2.2
"Platycodin D has been reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-stress properties in various diseases."( Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome by Platycodin D via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway contributes to attenuation of lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in rats.
Huang, D; Pei, C; Wang, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, Y; Xiao, W, 2021
)
1.62
"Platycodin D (PLD) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects."( Platycodin D protects against cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice.
Gao, W; Guo, Y; Yang, H, 2017
)
2.62
"Platycodin D(PD) has a significantly inhibitory effect on multiple malignant tumors, and can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells K562 and induce apoptosis. "( [Inhibitory effect and mechanism of platycodin D combined with imatinib on K562/R].
Dai, Q; Ge, YQ, 2018
)
2.2
"Platycodin D has been shown to fight cancer by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy and inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis by targeting multiple signalling pathways which are frequently deregulated in cancers suggesting that this multi-target activity rather than a single effect may play an important role in developing platycodin D into potential anti-cancer drug."( Killing cancer with platycodin D through multiple mechanisms.
Khan, M; Ma, T; Maryam, A; Mehmood, T; Zhang, H, 2016
)
1.48
"Platycodin D (PD) has been reported to control obesity in vivo. "( Platycodin D inhibits lipogenesis through AMPKα-PPARγ2 in 3T3-L1 cells and modulates fat accumulation in obese mice.
Kang, M; Kim, YS; Lee, EJ, 2012
)
3.26

Actions

Platycodin D promotes apoptosis in PTC cells. Could activate inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase (IKK)-beta.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Platycodin D promotes apoptosis in PTC cells."( Platycodin D inhibits the malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by NF-κB and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of pembrolizumab.
Deng, B; Sun, M, 2022
)
2.89
"Platycodin D could activate inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase (IKK)-beta in the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation of upstream level, but not IKK-alpha."( Platycodin D-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-kappaB activation in immortalized keratinocytes.
Ahn, KS; Hahn, BS; Kim, YS; Kwack, K; Lee, EB, 2006
)
2.5

Treatment

Platycodin D treatment significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid and epinephrine. Treatment with platy codin D also resulted in a reduction of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)gamma expression.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Platycodin D treatment significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid and epinephrine, reduced platelet P-selectin expression, integrin α"( Platycodin D inhibits platelet function and thrombus formation through inducing internalization of platelet glycoprotein receptors.
Chen, C; Cheng, H; Ju, W; Li, X; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Luo, Q; Qi, K; Qiao, J; Sun, Z; Tang, K; Wei, G; Wu, X; Wu, Y; Xu, K; Xu, M; Yan, Z; Zeng, L; Zhu, F, 2018
)
3.37
"Treatment with platycodin D also resulted in a reduction of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)gamma expression and its binding to target DNA sequence."( Platycodin D inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by modulating Kruppel-like factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
Chung, SI; Kang, R; Kim, YS; Lee, H; Yoon, Y, 2010
)
2.14

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cisplatin, a proven effective chemotherapeutic agent, has been used clinically to treat malignant solid tumors, whereas its clinical use is limited by serious side effect including nephrotoxicity."( Platycodin D suppresses cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing ROS-mediated oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation in HEK-293 cells.
Hu, JN; Leng, J; Li, HP; Li, W; Li, XD; Liu, Y; Shen, Q; Wang, SH; Wang, YP; Wang, Z, 2021
)
2.06

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To develop an HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of platycodin D (PD) in rat plasma, and to acquire the main pharmacokinetic parameters of PD after oral administration of pure PD or of Platycodi Radix extract (PRE) containing PD."( An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract.
Cai, F; Chen, WS; Gao, SH; Jiang, B; Sun, LN; Zhan, Q; Zhang, F, 2014
)
0.89
"The developed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of PD in rats after administration of PD and Platycodi Radix extract."( An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract.
Cai, F; Chen, WS; Gao, SH; Jiang, B; Sun, LN; Zhan, Q; Zhang, F, 2014
)
0.65
"In the comparative pharmacokinetic study, the concentrations of PD and DPD in Jiegeng extract (JE) and the Jiegeng-Gancao herb pair (JGHP) were determined in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)."( Effects of Gancao on pharmacokinetic profiles of platycodin D and deapio-platycodin D in Jiegeng.
Di, LQ; Du, LN; Kang, A; Shan, JJ; Shen, CS; Wang, SC; Xie, T; Xu, JY; Zhou, W; Zou, JS, 2015
)
0.67
"The peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of PD in rats orally administrated JGHP significantly increased compared to that in rats treated with JE."( Effects of Gancao on pharmacokinetic profiles of platycodin D and deapio-platycodin D in Jiegeng.
Di, LQ; Du, LN; Kang, A; Shan, JJ; Shen, CS; Wang, SC; Xie, T; Xu, JY; Zhou, W; Zou, JS, 2015
)
0.67
"In this study, we discovered that Gancao might influence the pharmacokinetic profiles of PD and DPD in Jiegeng."( Effects of Gancao on pharmacokinetic profiles of platycodin D and deapio-platycodin D in Jiegeng.
Di, LQ; Du, LN; Kang, A; Shan, JJ; Shen, CS; Wang, SC; Xie, T; Xu, JY; Zhou, W; Zou, JS, 2015
)
0.67
" Furthermore, Caco-2 cell transport and fecal hydrolysis were investigated to explain the altered pharmacokinetic properties."( Influence of Jiegeng on Pharmacokinetic Properties of Flavonoids and Saponins in Gancao.
Di, L; Ji, J; Kang, A; Mao, Y; Peng, L; Shan, J; Shen, C; Wu, H; Xie, T; Xu, J, 2017
)
0.46

Compound-Compound Interactions

Platycodin D has inhibitory effects of curcumenol or osthole on proliferation of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In combination with Ophiopogon total saponins and each ingredient used alone (P<0.1)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To investigate the effects of platycodin D in combination with different active ingredients of Chinese herbs under different therapeutic principles on proliferation and invasion of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines."( [Effects of platycodin D in combination with different active ingredients of Chinese herbs on proliferation and invasion of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines].
Guo, BF; Han, XH; Liu, S; Ye, YY, 2012
)
1.05
"Verifying study showed that the inhibitory effects of platycodin D in combination with curcumenol or osthole on proliferation of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were better than those of platycodin D in combination with Ophiopogon total saponins and each ingredient used alone (P<0."( [Effects of platycodin D in combination with different active ingredients of Chinese herbs on proliferation and invasion of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines].
Guo, BF; Han, XH; Liu, S; Ye, YY, 2012
)
1.01
" To investigate the effect and mechanism of PD alone or combined with imatinib (IM) in inhibiting CML imatinib resistant cell line K562/R, the cell proliferation was examined by CCK8 assay to reveal the effect of PD on the inhibitory function of imatinib."( [Inhibitory effect and mechanism of platycodin D combined with imatinib on K562/R].
Dai, Q; Ge, YQ, 2018
)
0.76

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The absolute oral bioavailability of PD in rats was found to be (0."( An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract.
Cai, F; Chen, WS; Gao, SH; Jiang, B; Sun, LN; Zhan, Q; Zhang, F, 2014
)
0.65
"The developed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of PD in rats after administration of PD and Platycodi Radix extract."( An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract.
Cai, F; Chen, WS; Gao, SH; Jiang, B; Sun, LN; Zhan, Q; Zhang, F, 2014
)
0.65
" Pharmacokinetics results suggested that the bioavailability of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin and its metabolite, glycyrrhetinic acid, could be improved while bioavailability of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin deteriorated when co-administered with Jiegeng."( Influence of Jiegeng on Pharmacokinetic Properties of Flavonoids and Saponins in Gancao.
Di, L; Ji, J; Kang, A; Mao, Y; Peng, L; Shan, J; Shen, C; Wu, H; Xie, T; Xu, J, 2017
)
0.46
" Studies have suggested that platycodin D (PD), one of the main active ingredients in Platycodon grandiflorum, has high bioavailability and significantly mitigates the progress of NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism of this is still unclear."( Investigating the Protective Effects of Platycodin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Palmitic Acid-Induced In Vitro Model.
Chen, Y; Chu, R; Fan, J; Li, N; Wang, G; Wang, J; Wen, X; Xing, Y, 2022
)
1.28
"The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in understanding the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it could transform the herbal ingredients to metabolites with higher bioavailability and activity comparing to their prototypes."( The activities and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota metabolites of TCM herbal ingredients could be illustrated by a strategy integrating spectrum-effects, network pharmacology, metabolomics and molecular docking analysis: Platycodin D as an example.
He, JW; Huang, HL; Liang, J; Liu, FY; Peng, YM; Qin, Q; Wang, YJ; Zeng, JX; Zhang, SW; Zhang, T; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GY; Zhong, YH, 2023
)
1.09
"The proposed strategy paves a new way for the illustration of the activities and mechanisms of TCM herbal ingredients, which is very important to reconcile the conundrums of TCM herbal ingredients with low oral bioavailability but high activity."( The activities and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota metabolites of TCM herbal ingredients could be illustrated by a strategy integrating spectrum-effects, network pharmacology, metabolomics and molecular docking analysis: Platycodin D as an example.
He, JW; Huang, HL; Liang, J; Liu, FY; Peng, YM; Qin, Q; Wang, YJ; Zeng, JX; Zhang, SW; Zhang, T; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GY; Zhong, YH, 2023
)
1.09

Dosage Studied

Platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D inhibited angiogenesis in human volunteers, and paves the way for a dose-response study and a human clinical obesity trial.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D inhibited angiogenesis in human volunteers, and paves the way for a dose-response study and a human clinical obesity trial."( Pharmacokinetic pilot study of the antiangiogenic activity of standardized platycodi radix.
Gimble, J; Greenway, F; Liu, Z; Twiner, EM; Yu, Y, 2011
)
0.64
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
triterpenoid saponinA terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a triterpenoid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID549976Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2010Journal of natural products, Nov-29, Volume: 73, Issue:11
Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells.
AID549977Antiproliferative activity against human MESSA cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2010Journal of natural products, Nov-29, Volume: 73, Issue:11
Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells.
AID549978Antiproliferative activity against human MESSA/DX5 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2010Journal of natural products, Nov-29, Volume: 73, Issue:11
Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells.
AID549975Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15/CL02 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2010Journal of natural products, Nov-29, Volume: 73, Issue:11
Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (142)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's2 (1.41)18.2507
2000's22 (15.49)29.6817
2010's77 (54.23)24.3611
2020's41 (28.87)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 35.22

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index35.22 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.98 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index45.55 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (35.22)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.70%)5.53%
Reviews5 (3.50%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other137 (95.80%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]