Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Anotia

Malformation of external portion of EAR AURICLE.

Synonyms(3)

Synonym
Anotia
Congenital Microtia
Microtia

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear that involves a small reduction in size or a complete absence."( Brena-Molina, AM; García-López, J; Gutiérrez-Gómez, C; Ibarra, C; Melgarejo-Ramírez, Y; Sánchez-Sánchez, R; Velasquillo, C, 2016)
"Anotia and microtia are congenital malformations of the external ear with few known risk factors."( Canfield, MA; Carmichael, SL; Desrosiers, TA; Fisher, SC; Hoyt, AT; Olshan, AF; Ryan, MA; Scheuerle, AE; Shaw, GM; Werler, MM, 2019)
"Microtia is the most common ME phenotype."( Breugem, CC; de Bakker, BS; Li, G; Lin, Y; Maas, SM, 2021)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Nonsyndromic cases of microtia were compared to nonmalformed, population-based, live-born control infants by estimating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models that included maternal race or ethnicity, education, folic acid-containing supplement intake, fertility treatment, study site, and total energy intake."( Canfield, MA; Carmichael, SL; Ma, C; Scheuerle, AE; Shaw, GM, 2012)

Research

Studies (40)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's28 (70.00)28.8240
2020's12 (30.00)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
salicylic acid0low30
dihydroxyphenylalanine0low10
pyridoxal phosphate0low10
3-methoxytyrosine0low10
acetaminophen0low10
bupivacaine0low10
caffeine0low10
lysine0low10
levodopa0low10
tyrosine0low10
durapatite0low10
titanium0low30
ozone0low10
levobupivacaine0low10
ropivacaine0medium21
fibrin0low10
elastin0low10
tretinoin0low20
mycophenolic acid0low30
isomethyleugenol0low10
methimazole0low10
tamoxifen0low20
isotretinoin0low30
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
indocyanine green0low20
cardiovascular agents0low10
transforming growth factor beta0low10
chondroitin sulfates0low10
folic acid0low40

Protein Targets (489)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma7007
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
GLS protein4004
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Smad31001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A18008
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 37007
progesterone receptor4004
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 16006
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha9009
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha100010
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha120012
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma6006
aryl hydrocarbon receptor3003
chromobox protein homolog 16006
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 26006
peripheral myelin protein 226006
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 15005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi5005
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30707
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40708
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120204
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90002
Bile salt export pump0303
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit6006
Bile salt export pump010010
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 10406
Carbonic anhydrase 20406
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10012
Cytochrome P450 1A20012
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 30204
Cytochrome P450 3A40213
Cytochrome P450 2D60213
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0112
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-15005
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta5005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-25005
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Glutamate receptor 27108
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-55005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-35005
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0002
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10303
Carbonic anhydrase 60204
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-15005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-25005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-45005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-35005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-65005
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0204
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20102
Carbonic anhydrase 70204
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1113
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-15005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-35005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-25005
Carbonic anhydrase 90204
GABA theta subunit5005
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
Carbonic anhydrase 150204
Carbonic anhydrase 130203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon5005
Carbonic anhydrase 140204
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0204
toxin B0001
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30202
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20022
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase0101
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Chitinase0101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
GLI family zinc finger 37007
AR protein9009
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]7007
farnesoid X nuclear receptor6006
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 29009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor5005
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
DNA polymerase beta2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
geminin8008
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)3003
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Renin0101
Cholinesterase0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Adenosine receptor A30707
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Adenosine receptor A10205
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Adenosine receptor A30101
Adenosine receptor A2a0416
Adenosine receptor A2b0102
Adenosine receptor A2b0203
Adenosine receptor A10316
Adenosine receptor A2a0206
Vasopressin V2 receptor0001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform 0101
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 10001
Chitotriosidase-10101
Serine-protein kinase ATM0101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR0101
Adenosine receptor A2b0102
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0123
Endochitinase B10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0001
Phosphodiesterase 0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Guanine deaminase0101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase3003
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase7007
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q13003
endonuclease IV1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
TDP1 protein7007
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 14004
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b1001
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 21001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0303
Glutamate receptor 11102
Glutamate receptor 31102
Glutamate receptor 41102
Caspase-71001
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
acid sphingomyelinase1001
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
USP1 protein, partial3003
glucocerebrosidase2002
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor6006
alpha-galactosidase1001
activating transcription factor 65005
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
Cellular tumor antigen p536006
Thymidylate synthase0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Alpha-synuclein3104
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Multidrug resistance associated protein0001
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
Luciferase4004
thioredoxin reductase5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit4004
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)5005
regulator of G-protein signaling 43003
67.9K protein3003
Parkin2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta4004
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
Caspase-73003
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
caspase-33003
heat shock protein beta-14004
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
Ornithine decarboxylase0002
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0224
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0606
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0404
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20022
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0606
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0606
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10022
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Olfactory receptor 51E20101
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20303
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
dopamine D1 receptor1001
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)3003
arylsulfatase A2002
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
snurportin-11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
Polyphenol oxidase 20307
Plasma kallikrein0002
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0202
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0202
Tyrosinase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0002
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10202
SLC16A10 protein0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0002
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0002
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
Histone H2A.x3003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
lamin isoform A-delta104004
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase 0202
Lactoperoxidase0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain A, Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 20101
acetylcholinesterase2002
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 20202
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase0102
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 53003
Ataxin-23003
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
GALC protein1001
IDH12002
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Spike glycoprotein1012
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta0001
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
P2X purinoceptor 10011
P2X purinoceptor 10101
P2X purinoceptor 40011
Trans-sialidase0101
Trans-sialidase0101
P2X purinoceptor 20011
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Albumin0101
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
Fumarate hydratase1001
PPM1D protein1001
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
polyprotein1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
caspase-31001
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
interferon gamma precursor0001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
streptokinase A precursor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30101
Interferon beta2002
Estrogen receptor0214
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Integrin beta-31001
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Estrogen receptor0012
Progesterone receptor0101
Procathepsin L0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10213
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Androgen receptor0202
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Substance-P receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Protein kinase C iota type0101
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Histamine H2 receptor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0101
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0101
Phospholipase D10101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10101
Estrogen receptor beta0012
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Estrogen receptor beta0213
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
pregnane X receptor1001
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
nonstructural protein 11001
G1001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Cytochrome P450 2C190011
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]