Page last updated: 2024-12-11
valerenic acid
Description
Research Excerpts
Clinical Trials
Roles
Classes
Pathways
Study Profile
Bioassays
Related Drugs
Related Conditions
Protein Interactions
Research Growth
Market Indicators
Description
valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
valerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
Related Flora
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valeriana | genus | [no description available] | Caprifoliaceae | A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH] |
| Valeriana officinalis | species | Valeriana officinalis L. is the official species but others have similar compounds and effects.[MeSH] | Caprifoliaceae | A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH] |
Cross-References
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6440940 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1545045 |
| CHEBI ID | 9921 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 403082 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 403083 |
| MeSH ID | M0112559 |
Synonyms (42)
| Synonym |
|---|
| 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1h-inden-4-yl)-2-methyl-, (4s-(4alpha(e),7beta,7aalpha))- |
| NCGC00091912-01 |
| valerenic acid |
| C09743 |
| 3569-10-6 |
| valerian dry extract |
| (2e)-3-[(4s,7r,7ar)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-yl]-2-methylacrylic acid |
| NCGC00091912-02 |
| CHEMBL1545045 |
| NCGC00257867-01 |
| dtxsid8034089 , |
| tox21_200313 |
| dtxcid6014089 |
| cas-3569-10-6 |
| bdbm50341378 |
| chebi:9921 , |
| 34ndb285pm , |
| unii-34ndb285pm |
| (-)-valerenic acid |
| (2e)-3-[(4s,7r,7ar)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-yl]-2-methylprop-2-enoic acid |
| valerenic acid [usp-rs] |
| (2e)-3-((4s,7r,7ar)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-yl)-2-methylacrylic acid |
| valerenic acid (constituent of valerian) [dsc] |
| FEBNTWHYQKGEIQ-SUKRRCERSA-N |
| SCHEMBL403082 |
| SCHEMBL403083 |
| valerenicacid |
| (2e)-3-[(4s,7r,7ar)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexadydro-3,7-dimethyl-1h-inden-4-yl]-2-methyl-2-propenoic acid |
| (e)-3-((4s,7r,7ar)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-yl)-2-methylacrylic acid |
| AKOS024457400 |
| mfcd00075694 |
| valerenic acid, primary pharmaceutical reference standard |
| valerenic acid, analytical standard |
| valerenic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
| nardin |
| MS-23355 |
| HY-103524 |
| CS-0028025 |
| 2-propenoic acid,3-[(4s,7r,7ar)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1h-inden-4-yl]-2-methyl-, (2e)- |
| valerenic acid (constituent of valerian) |
| valerenic acid (usp-rs) |
| (2e)-3-((4s,7r,7ar)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-yl)-2-methylprop-2-enoic acid |
Research Excerpts
Overview
Valerenic acid (VA) is a major chemical component of Valeriana extracts. VA is a β2/3 subunit-specific modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors inducing anxiolysis.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Valerenic acid (VA) is a major chemical component of Valeriana extracts." | ( Valerenic acid reduces anxiety-like behavior in young adult, female (C57BL/6J) mice. Hoover, JE; Horton, BM; Ligocki, IY; Pinder, NE, 2024) | 3.61 |
| "Valerenic acid (VA) is a β2/3 subunit-specific modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors inducing anxiolysis. " | ( Esters of valerenic acid as potential prodrugs. Haider, M; Hering, S; Hintersteiner, J; Jäger, W; Khom, S; Luger, D; Mihovilovic, MD; Reznicek, G; Schwarzer, C, 2014) | 2.25 |
Pharmacokinetics
The timing of the valerenic acid peak concentration is consistent with the standard dosage recommendation to take valerian 30 min to 2 h before bedtime. The elimination half-life (T(1/2) for valereNic acid was 1.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Assuming that valerenic acid serum concentrations correlate with the pharmacological activity of valerian, the timing of the valerenic acid peak concentration is consistent with the standard dosage recommendation to take valerian 30 min to 2 h before bedtime." | ( Pharmacokinetics of valerenic acid after administration of valerian in healthy subjects. Anderson, GD; Elmer, GW; Kantor, ED; Templeton, IE; Vitiello, MV, 2005) | 1.01 |
| " There was not a statistically significant difference in the average peak concentration (C(max)), time to maximum concentration (T(max)) area under the time curve (AUC), elimination half-life (T(1/2)) and oral clearance after a single dose compared with multiple dosing." | ( Pharmacokinetics of valerenic acid after single and multiple doses of valerian in older women. Anderson, GD; Barsness, S; Elmer, GW; Howald, WN; Kalhorn, TF; Kantor, E; Landis, CA; Taibi, DM; Vitiello, MV, 2010) | 0.68 |
| " We established and validated an LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of VA in rat plasma and successfully used this method for pharmacokinetic studies in rats after intravenous (i." | ( Pharmacokinetics of valerenic acid in rats after intravenous and oral administrations. Butterweck, V; Derendorf, H; Frye, R; Hamburger, M; Haug, K; Sampath, C; Thanei, S, 2012) | 0.7 |
Bioavailability
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Usually for drugs with such low solubility values, their oral absorption and hence bioavailability are limited by their dissolution characteristics." | ( In vitro release of valerenic and hydroxyvalerenic acids from valerian tablets. Torrado, JJ, 2003) | 0.58 |
Dosage Studied
Valerenic acid (340 μg/kg) is the active ingredient of valerian root extract. The timing of the valerenicacid peak concentration is consistent with the standard dosage recommendation to take Valerian 30 min to 2 h before bedtime.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Assuming that valerenic acid serum concentrations correlate with the pharmacological activity of valerian, the timing of the valerenic acid peak concentration is consistent with the standard dosage recommendation to take valerian 30 min to 2 h before bedtime." | ( Pharmacokinetics of valerenic acid after administration of valerian in healthy subjects. Anderson, GD; Elmer, GW; Kantor, ED; Templeton, IE; Vitiello, MV, 2005) | 1.01 |
| " The dosage of valerenic acid (340 μg/kg), which is the active ingredient of valerian root extract, was determined by the content of valerenic acid in valerian root extract (3." | ( Valeriana officinalis extract and its main component, valerenic acid, ameliorate D-galactose-induced reductions in memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation by reducing corticosterone levels and lipid peroxidation. Choi, JH; Hwang, IK; Jung, HY; Kang, SY; Kim, DW; Kim, JW; Kim, W; Kim, WJ; Nam, SM; Park, J; Yoo, DY; Yoon, YS, 2013) | 0.99 |
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
Roles (4)
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| sedative | A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. |
| GABA modulator | A substance that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. |
| plant metabolite | Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. |
| volatile oil component | Any plant metabolite that is found naturally as a component of a volatile oil. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
Drug Classes (3)
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| sesquiterpenoid | Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). |
| carbobicyclic compound | A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. |
| monocarboxylic acid | An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
Protein Targets (35)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.9780 | 0.0473 | 49.4806 | 74.9780 | AID651758 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 53.3237 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159523 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.2140 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859; AID1346924 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.2140 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859; AID1346924 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 40.1510 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259369; AID1259392 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.1053 | 0.0002 | 21.2231 | 8,912.5098 | AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743063 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7828 | 0.0112 | 12.4002 | 100.0000 | AID1030 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 0.0013 | 18.0743 | 39.8107 | AID926; AID938 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 71.1083 | 0.0006 | 57.9133 | 22,387.1992 | AID1259378 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.3753 | 0.0010 | 22.6508 | 76.6163 | AID1224839 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.3087 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346795 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0008 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID588532 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.4618 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 0.0008 | 17.5051 | 59.3239 | AID588544 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.7806 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.4833 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.5163 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.9143 | 0.0010 | 24.5048 | 61.6448 | AID588534; AID588535; AID743212; AID743227 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.9772 | 0.0010 | 19.4141 | 70.9645 | AID743191 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 49.1648 | 0.0237 | 23.2282 | 63.5986 | AID743222; AID743223; AID743241 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.3120 | 0.0578 | 21.1097 | 61.2679 | AID1159526 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 63.3753 | 0.0003 | 23.4451 | 159.6830 | AID743067 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.0917 | 0.0420 | 27.3789 | 61.6448 | AID743210; AID743228 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.9281 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID651741; AID743202; AID743219 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 63.3753 | 0.0015 | 57.7890 | 15,848.9004 | AID1259244 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.0410 | 0.0023 | 19.5956 | 74.0614 | AID651631 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 63.3753 | 0.0015 | 51.7393 | 15,848.9004 | AID1259244 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.5780 | 0.0266 | 22.4482 | 66.8242 | AID651802 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 15.8000 | 0.0011 | 2.0009 | 10.0000 | AID1513957; AID1891770 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 15.8000 | 0.0014 | 1.9578 | 10.0000 | AID1513957; AID1891770 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 27.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.3427 | 9.1000 | AID1355434 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 19.0000 | 0.0030 | 1.6532 | 9.8000 | AID1513957 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 5.2000 | 0.0008 | 0.5254 | 5.2000 | AID1355437 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 12.6000 | 0.0014 | 1.7768 | 10.0000 | AID1891770 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 43.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.2380 | 1.2250 | AID1355440 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
Biological Processes (162)
Molecular Functions (58)
Ceullar Components (35)
Bioassays (38)
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID611614 | Allosteric modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A alpha1beta2gamma2S expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of GABA-mediated chloride current at 1 uM by voltage clamp assay | 2011 | Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6 | Positive GABA(A) receptor modulators from Acorus calamus and structural analysis of (+)-dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and molecular modeling. |
| AID1355450 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused LXRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355453 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused VDR LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513956 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current at 100 uM after 5 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode voltag | |||
| AID1491117 | Anticonvulsant activity in 7-days post fertilized zebra fish larvae assessed as reduction in pentylenetetrazol-induced locomotor activity by measuring total distance traveled by larvae pretreated for 3 hrs followed by pentylenetetrazol addition measured a | 2017 | Journal of natural products, 05-26, Volume: 80, Issue:5 | HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABA |
| AID1355434 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513955 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current at 30 uM after 5 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode voltage | |||
| AID1355433 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355445 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RARgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355451 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused FXR LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1467587 | Cytotoxicity against primary human endothelial keratinocytes assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 10 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cytokine addition measured after 72 hrs by PrestoBlue staining based fluorescence assay relative to control | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 | The design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a drug-like library based on the natural product valerenic acid. |
| AID1355447 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused PPARgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1891770 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor (unknown origin) stably expressed in CHO cells assessed as activation of GABA-induced response in presence of GABA by FLIPR assay | 2022 | Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 85, Issue:5 | Clerodane Diterpenes from |
| AID1355452 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused CAR LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355458 | Transactivation of RXR in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of apoE mRNA expression at 30 uM after 8 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513978 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat primary hippocampal neurons assessed as channel-mediated tonic current at 30 uM pretreated for 300 secs followed by BMI addition for 10 secs at -70 mV holding potential by patch-clamp | |||
| AID1467586 | Cytotoxicity against primary human endothelial keratinocytes assessed as inhibition of cell viability preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cytokine addition measured after 72 hrs by PrestoBlue staining based fluorescence assay | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 | The design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a drug-like library based on the natural product valerenic acid. |
| AID1355454 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused PXR LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355444 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RARbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355456 | Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability up to 100 uM after 48 hrs by WST1 assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355443 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RARalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355437 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1467585 | Antiinflammatory activity in primary human endothelial keratinocytes assessed as inhibition of IL-17A/TNF-alpha induced IL-8 production at 10 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cytokine addition measured after 72 hrs by HTRF assay relative to control | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 | The design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a drug-like library based on the natural product valerenic acid. |
| AID1355435 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay relative to bexarotene | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355449 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused LXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513957 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current after 15 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode voltage clamp m | |||
| AID1491116 | Toxicity in 7-days post fertilized zebra fish larvae after 1.5 to 24 hrs by microscopic analysis | 2017 | Journal of natural products, 05-26, Volume: 80, Issue:5 | HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABA |
| AID1355446 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused PPARalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355457 | Transactivation of RXR in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of ABCA1 mRNA expression at 30 uM after 8 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355455 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513958 | Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A alpha1beta3gamma2S receptor (unknown origin) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as increase in GABA-induced chloride current up to 100 uM after 15 mins at -70 mV holding potential by two-microelectrode vo | |||
| AID1355448 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused PPARdelta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells at 30 uM after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1513981 | Anticonvulsive activity in C57BL/6N mouse assessed as protection against 49 +/- 1.8 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by measuring elevation in seizure threshold at 10 mg/kg, ip pretreated for 30 mins followed by pentylenetetrazole tail-vein infus | |||
| AID1467588 | Antiinflammatory activity in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production after 16 hrs by AlphaLisa assay | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 | The design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a drug-like library based on the natural product valerenic acid. |
| AID1355441 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay relative to bexarotene | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1355438 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay relative to bexarotene | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| AID1467584 | Antiinflammatory activity in primary human endothelial keratinocytes assessed as inhibition of IL-17A/TNF-alpha induced IL-8 production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cytokine addition measured after 72 hrs by HTRF assay | 2017 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14 | The design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a drug-like library based on the natural product valerenic acid. |
| AID1355440 | Transactivation of human Gal4-fused RXRgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells after 12 to 14 hrs by dual-glo luciferase assay | 2018 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-28, Volume: 61, Issue:12 | Computer-Assisted Discovery of Retinoid X Receptor Modulating Natural Products and Isofunctional Mimetics. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
Research
Studies (65)
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2 (3.08) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (1.54) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 20 (30.77) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 34 (52.31) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 8 (12.31) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
Market Indicators
Research Demand Index: 61.60
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (61.60) All Compounds (24.57) |
Study Types
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2 (2.99%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (1.49%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 64 (95.52%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||