Compounds > methicillin
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methicillin

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Description

Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6087
CHEMBL ID575
CHEBI ID6827
SCHEMBL ID4898
MeSH IDM0013570

Synonyms (75)

Synonym
BRD-K34388247-236-02-5
DIVK1C_000100
KBIO1_000100
(2s,5r,6r)-6-{[(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
SPECTRUM_000993
IDI1_000100
BSPBIO_001987
SPECTRUM5_001600
C07177
61-32-5
methicillin
DB01603
meticillin
6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)penicillanic acid
(2s,5r,6r)-6-[(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
methycillin
(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)penicillin
6beta-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)penicillanic acid
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3,-dimethyl-7-oxo-
6-(2,3-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2s-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-
meticillinum [inn-latin]
meticillin [inn]
methicillinum
meticilline [inn-french]
einecs 200-505-8
hsdb 3121
penicillin, (2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-
meticilina [inn-spanish]
meticillina [dcit]
KBIO2_001473
KBIOGR_001575
KBIO2_004041
KBIO3_001487
KBIOSS_001473
KBIO2_006609
NINDS_000100
SPBIO_002089
SPECTRUM4_000878
SPECTRUM3_000494
SPECTRUM2_001965
CHEBI:6827 ,
meticilline
meticillinum
6beta-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
meticilina
CHEMBL575
2,6-dimethoxyphenyl penicillin
MII ,
meticillina
methicillin [usan]
unii-q91fh1328a
q91fh1328a ,
meticillin [inn:ban]
EPITOPE ID:139649
(2s,5r,6r)-6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
meticillin [hsdb]
methicillin [vandf]
meticillin [who-dd]
SCHEMBL4898
RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N
DTXSID6023284
(2s,5r,6r)-6-[(2,6-dimethoxybenzene)amido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
AKOS030530774
mrsa selective supplement, for microbiology
HY-121544
bdbm50103523
SBI-0051440.P003
Q409262
gtpl12264
methcillin
(2s,5r,6r)-6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
EN300-19748934
CS-0082724

Research Excerpts

Overview

Tamethicillin is a weak basic ester (pro-drug) that is converted to methicillin in the body. Methicillin appeared to be a relatively poor inducer, but this could be attributed in part to its ability to mask the enzyme produced.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Tamethicillin (TAM) is a basic ester pro-drug of methicillin (MET) which is converted in the body by non-specific esterases to MET. "( Concentrations of methicillin in blood, normal milk and mastitic milk of cows after intramuscular injection of methicillin and tamethicillin.
Bor, A; Soback, S; Ziv, G, 1983)		1.32
"Tamethicillin is a hydrolyzable weak basic ester (pro-drug) that is converted to methicillin in the body."( Pharmacokinetic evaluation and mammary excretion of tamethicillin in the healthy goat.
Badía, A; Castells, I; Lázaro, A; Mañé, E; Ruiz, J, 1979)		1.07
"Methicillin appeared to be a relatively poor inducer, but this could be attributed in part to its ability to mask the enzyme produced."( Cephalosporinase and penicillinase activities of a beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas pyocyanea.
Abraham, EP; Jago, M; Sabath, LD, 1965)		0.96

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Methicillin resistance has evolved among earth microorganisms for protection against exogenous or endogenous antibiotics."( Mechanisms of methicillin resistance in staphylococci.
Brakstad, OG; Maeland, JA, 1997)		1.38

Toxicity

Less toxic TunR1 and TunR2 both enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactams. oxacillin by 32- to 64-fold, comparable with native TUN. Similar enhancements for methicillin and penicillin G.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Treatment with the various penicillins, expecially in the large amounts presently prescribed, may be attended by immunologic reactions, such as nephritis, and by direct toxic effects which may involve the blood platelets, the neurones of the central nervous system, and perhaps the parenchymal cells of the liver."( Updating the side effects of the penicillins.
Paine, TF, 1978)		0.26
" In this highly selected group there were no adverse side effects in 54."( A ten-year assessment of methicillin-associated side effects.
Barrett, FF; Blankinship, GR; Clark, DJ; Clark, GE; Mintz, AA; Taber, LH; Yow, MD, 1976)		0.56
"68 patients (from newborns to 18 years of age) were studied prospectively for adverse effects associated with methicillin, nafcillin and oxacillin."( Adverse effects of methicillin, nafcillin and oxacillin in pediatric patients.
DeBolt, SL; Nahata, MC; Powell, DA, 1982)		0.8
" Toxic effects depended on substance, concentration and exposure."( Toxicity of antibiotics and antifungals on cultured human corneal cells: effect of mixing, exposure and concentration.
Berry, M; Easty, DL; Gurung, A, 1995)		0.29
" Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related adverse events data were collected."( Safety and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible
Alvarez, K; Bhavan, KP; Brown, LS; de la Flor, C; Filizola, H; Ganguly, A; King, H; Mang, NS; Perl, TM; Smartt, J, 2023)		1.16
" Our findings suggest that ceftriaxone is a safe and effective treatment of MSSA BSI secondary to osteoarticular or skin and soft tissue infections when used in the S-OPAT setting."( Safety and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible
Alvarez, K; Bhavan, KP; Brown, LS; de la Flor, C; Filizola, H; Ganguly, A; King, H; Mang, NS; Perl, TM; Smartt, J, 2023)		1.16

Pharmacokinetics

The rabbit model for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis was used to compare cure rate and pharmacokinetic profile of four dosing regimens of methicillin. Its pharmacokinetics profile compares favorably with that of methingillin. Serum methiillin concentrations after single doses exhibited a biexponential decline with a mean terminal half-life of 27 +/- 5 min.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Its pharmacokinetic profile compares favorably with that of methicillin."( Pharmacokinetic evaluation and mammary excretion of tamethicillin in the healthy goat.
Badía, A; Castells, I; Lázaro, A; Mañé, E; Ruiz, J, 1979)		0.75
" Serum half-life and clearance were, respectively, 82."( Pharmacokinetics of the acyclureidopenicillins piperacillin and mezlocillin in the postpartum patient.
Cotton, DB; Dorman, K; Faro, S; Feldman, S; Martens, MG; Riddle, GD, 1987)		0.27
" Serum methicillin concentrations after single doses exhibited a biexponential decline with a mean terminal half-life of 27 +/- 5 min."( Pharmacokinetics of capacity-limited tissue distribution of methicillin in rabbits.
Gengo, FM; Jusko, WJ; Schentag, JJ, 1984)		0.96
"The rabbit model for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis was used to compare cure rate and pharmacokinetic profile of four dosing regimens of methicillin."( Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methicillin in curative treatment of experimental endocarditis.
Gengo, FM; Mannion, TW; Nightingale, CH; Schentag, JJ, 1984)		0.72
"Six strains of staphylococci were exposed to levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, or trovafloxacin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions."( Comparative pharmacodynamics of three newer fluoroquinolones versus six strains of staphylococci in an in vitro model under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Gunderson, BW; Hovde, LB; Ibrahim, KH; Ross, GH; Rotschafer, JC; Wright, DH, 2002)		0.31
"06 mg/liter) were studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model."( Pharmacodynamics of the antibacterial effect and emergence of resistance to tomopenem, formerly RO4908463/CS-023, in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Bowker, KE; MacGowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2008)		0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
" Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in mice for TR-701/700."( In vivo pharmacodynamics of torezolid phosphate (TR-701), a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a mouse thigh infection model.
Drusano, GL; Kulawy, R; Liu, W; Louie, A, 2011)		0.59
"The clinical development of FtsZ-targeting benzamide compounds like PC190723 has been limited by poor drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties."( TXA709, an FtsZ-Targeting Benzamide Prodrug with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Enhanced In Vivo Efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Kaul, M; LaVoie, EJ; Lyu, YL; Mark, L; Parhi, AK; Pawlak, J; Pilch, DS; Saravolatz, LD; Saravolatz, S; Weinstein, MP; Zhang, Y, 2015)		0.63
" The pharmacodynamic profile of GSK2140944, as determined, supports its further development as a potential treatment option for pulmonary infections, including those caused by MRSA."( Pharmacodynamic Profile of GSK2140944 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Murine Lung Infection Model.
Crandon, JL; Nicolau, DP; So, W, 2015)		0.68

Compound-Compound Interactions

We investigated the in vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains. The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of anacardic acid and totarol were investigated against MRSA.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To assess the possibility that non-aminoglycoside antibiotics may adversely affect the nephrotoxicity of the new semisynthetic aminoglycoside netilmicin, we gave ampicillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, cefamandole, and clindamycin, either singly or in combination with netilmicin, at two dose concentrations in rats."( Nephrotoxicity of netilmicin in combination with non-aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Hagstrom, GL; Luft, FC; Maxwell, DR; Sloan, RS; Yum, MN, 1978)		0.45
"The in vitro activity of sisomicin and netilmicin alone and in combination with nafcillin, oxacillin and methicillin against 30 strains of enterococci was investigated."( In vitro activity of sisomicin and netilmicin alone and in combination with nafcillin, oxacillin and methicillin against enterococci.
Glotzbecker, C; Watanakunakorn, C, 1978)		0.69
"The in vitro activity of nafcillin, oxacillin, and methicillin alone and in combination with gentamicin and tobramycin against 30 strains of enterococci was investigated."( Comparative in vitro activity of nafcillin, oxacillin, and methicillin in combination with gentamicin and tobramycin against enterococci.
Glotzbecker, C; Watanakunakorn, C, 1977)		0.75
"The effectiveness of three semisynthetic, penicillinase-resistant penicillins alone and in combination with gentamicin was tested against 29 clinical isolates of enterococci."( Comparative synergistic activity of nafcillin, oxacillin, and methicillin in combination with gentamicin against.
Glew, RH; Millering, RS; Wennersten, C, 1975)		0.49
" Clavulanic acid at a concentration of 10 mg/l bound to PBP 2 by greater than 50% in all strains, and when combined with cefpirome, the density of PBP 2a was also reduced but not completely abolished."( Activity of cefpirome combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors and affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Griggs, DJ; Piddock, LJ; Traynor, EA, 1992)		0.49
" (2) Electron microscopic observation showed that IPM in combination with FOM caused lysis of the cells."( [Antibacterial activities and electron microscopic studies of imipenem in combination with fosfomycin against methicillin and fosfomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus].
Kobayashi, I; Saionji, K; Shitara, S, 1990)		0.49
"The efficacies of the quinolones ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin alone and in combination with rifampin were compared with those of vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin in a rat model of chronic osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."( Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and vancomycin in combination with rifampin in a rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus chronic osteomyelitis.
Dworkin, R; Kunz, S; Modin, G; Rich, R; Sande, M; Zak, O, 1990)		0.67
"The kinetics of bacterial killing by meropenem alone and in combination with gentamicin (for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and vancomycin (for Staphylococcus aureus) were studied for two strains of each species."( The antibacterial activity of meropenem in combination with gentamicin or vancomycin.
Andrews, JM; Ashby, JP; Wise, R, 1989)		0.28
"We evaluated cefotaxime (CTX) alone and in combination with its metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime (dCTX) against strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce the four recognized variants of staphylococcal beta-lactamase and a beta-lactamase-producing isolate characterized by the expression of borderline resistance to methicillin."( Evaluation of cefotaxime alone and in combination with desacetylcefotaxime against strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce variants of staphylococcal beta-lactamase.
Eades, SC; Kernodle, DS; Stratton, CW; Weeks, LS, )		0.3
" Combinations of methicillin and penicillin G with sulbactam also showed synergistic effects against 50 and 68% of the strains, respectively, while cefotiam, moxalactam, flomoxef, and cefmetazole in combination with sulbactam showed such effects against only 40% or fewer."( In vitro effects of beta-lactams combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Arai, S; Hayashi, S; Kobayashi, S; Sakaguchi, T, 1989)		0.84
"In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefmetazole alone and in combination with fosfomycin against methicillin- and cephem-resistant (MR) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, and the mechanism of synergistic effect between cefmetazole and fosfomycin was also studied."( Antibacterial activity of cefmetazole alone and in combination with fosfomycin against methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Magaribuchi, T; Ohya, S; Tajima, M; Utsui, Y; Yokota, T, 1986)		0.71
" In a preliminary in vitro checkerboard study the bactericidal effect of various cephalosporins (cephalothin, cefamandole, cefotaxime and cefoperazone) in combination with other antibiotics (netilmicin, amikacin, vancomycin and fosfomycin) was studied on ten M-R staphylococcal strains."( Cefotaxime in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of severe methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.
Chavanet, P; Duez, JM; Kazmierczak, A; Lucht, F; Portier, H; Tremeaux, JC, 1985)		0.5
"The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of anacardic acid and totarol, alone and in combination with methicillin, were investigated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."( Antibacterial activity of anacardic acid and totarol, alone and in combination with methicillin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Kubo, I; Muroi, H, 1996)		0.73
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo activity of linezolid combined with gentamicin using a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis experimental model."( In vivo efficacy of linezolid in combination with gentamicin for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Asseray, N; Batard, E; Bugnon, D; Caillon, J; Dube, L; Jacqueline, C; Kergueris, MF; Le Mabecque, V; Potel, G, 2004)		0.75
"We investigated the in vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains."( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)		0.8
" The results of time-kill curve analysis demonstrated concentration-dependent rapid bactericidal activity of nisin and synergism almost in all strains when nisin was used in combination with ciprofloxacin, and early synergistic interactions in some of the strains when it was used in combination with vancomycin."( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)		0.59
"Nisin seems to be a good candidate for further investigations in the treatment of Gram-positive bacteria, alone or in combination with antibiotics."( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)		0.59
" In this study, we use MALDI-TOF on intact cells combined with a refined analysis framework to demonstrate discrimination between methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus."( MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on intact bacteria combined with a refined analysis framework allows accurate classification of MSSA and MRSA.
Larrouy-Maumus, G; Ranganathan, N; Shahrezaei, V; Tang, W, 2019)		0.72

Dosage Studied

Ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin proved equally effective in the therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits with a dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals for three days. Fosfomycin at a high dosage seems to be a potential drug for the treatment of infections due to methiillin-resistant S.Aureus.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" A dosage of 25 mg/kg is recommended for therapy of most neonatal staphylococcal diseases; the frequency of administration is altered on the basis of birth weight and chronologic age."( Clinical pharmacology of methicillin in neonates.
Horton, LJ; McCracken, GH; Sarff, LD; Thomas, ML; Threlkeld, N, 1977)		0.56
"Data on 40 patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis treated with appropriate antibiotics in adequate dosage at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center hospitals between January 1961 and June 1975 were analyzed."( Prognostic factors in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and results of therapy with a penicillin and gentamicin.
Baird, IM; Watanakunakorn, C, )		0.13
"Prophylactic (preventive) antibiotic therapy initiated preoperatively, with antibiotics administered in moderately high dosage for short periods, is recommended on the basis of experimental and prospective, randomized clinical trials for patients who require surgery that is likely to expose tissue planes to contamination."( Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in surgery.
MacLean, LD, 1975)		0.25
" Mean urinary peak concentrations of CFDN were observed during 2-4 hours after dosing in the before-meal group and during 6-8 hours in the after-meal group with values of 93."( [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 10% fine granules in pediatrics].
Aramaki, M; Handa, S; Kawakami, A; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Oki, S; Sasaki, H; Tsumura, N; Yamada, S; Yoshinaga, Y, 1992)		0.28
" No evidence was obtained by hybridization experiments that clinical isolates or spontaneous mutants expressing high-level Gmr carried more than one copy of the Gmr determinant, thus eliminating the possibility that a gene dosage effect was responsible for high-level resistance."( Genetic analysis of gentamicin resistance in methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Dublin hospitals.
Courvalin, P; Foster, TJ; Storrs, MJ, 1988)		0.53
" The largest reductions of viable counts in the kidneys at each dosage as compared to the bacterial counts of untreated animals were achieved with coumermycin (3."( Efficacy of coumermycin, ofloxacin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental infections of mice.
Breyer, S; Georgopoulos, A; Hirschl, AM; Rotter, ML; Stanek, G, 1988)		0.52
"Regimens for endocarditis caused by these bacteria are generally based on high dosage of a beta-lactam antibiotic, penicillin in the case of streptococci and a penicillinase-resistant penicillin for Staphylococcus aureus, with vancomycin substituted for beta-lactam resistant staphylococci, including coagulase-negative staphylococci."( Antibiotic therapy of nonenterococcal streptococcal and staphylococcal endocarditis: current regimens and some future considerations.
Karchmer, AW, 1988)		0.27
" This finding was likely due to changes in the pharmacokinetics of the drug with multiple dosing and in infected versus uninfected rabbits."( Ciprofloxacin versus vancomycin in the therapy of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.
Barriere, SL; Fekety, R; Kaatz, GW; Schaberg, DR, 1987)		0.51
" The area under the concentration/time curve for ceftazidime in vegetations over a post dosing 6 h period was approximately five times greater than that for cefuroxime and three times that for methicillin."( Penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into cardiac vegetations, aorta and heart muscle in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: comparison of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin.
McColm, AA; Ryan, DM, 1985)		0.65
"Ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin proved equally effective in the therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits with a dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals for three days."( Comparison of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits.
Acred, P; McColm, AA; Ryan, DM, 1984)		0.83
" Steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) decreased twofold as doses increased from 5 to 125 mg/kg, while total clearance was consistent over this dosage range."( Pharmacokinetics of capacity-limited tissue distribution of methicillin in rabbits.
Gengo, FM; Jusko, WJ; Schentag, JJ, 1984)		0.51
"The rabbit model for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis was used to compare cure rate and pharmacokinetic profile of four dosing regimens of methicillin."( Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methicillin in curative treatment of experimental endocarditis.
Gengo, FM; Mannion, TW; Nightingale, CH; Schentag, JJ, 1984)		0.72
" On the basis of levels of drug attained in the milk with recommended dosing schedules, we chose MIC breakpoints of < or = 2 micrograms/ml for susceptibility and > or = 4 micrograms/ml for resistance."( Activity of pirlimycin against pathogens from cows with mastitis and recommendations for disk diffusion tests.
Marler, JK; Thornsberry, C; Watts, JL; Yancey, RJ, 1993)		0.29
") dosed linezolid and intravenously (i."( Efficacy of linezolid in treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Batts, DH; Buchanan, LV; Dailey, CF; Dileto-Fang, CL; Ford, CW; Gibson, JK; Oramas-Shirey, MP, 2001)		0.54
" Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of standard once per day dosing of oral levofloxacin with a standard parenteral antibiotic regimen (nafcillin four times daily) for the treatment of experimental MSSA osteomyelitis in rabbits."( Comparative evaluation of oral levofloxacin and parenteral nafcillin in the treatment of experimental methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in rabbits.
Calhoun, JH; Mader, JT; Shirtliff, ME, 2001)		0.53
" Human therapeutic dosing regimens for daptomycin (6 and 8 mg/kg of body weight), vancomycin, and gentamicin were simulated."( Short-course gentamicin in combination with daptomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations.
Rybak, MJ; Tsuji, BT, 2005)		0.33
"8 to 480 mg/kg/6 days fractionated into 2, 4, 6, or 12 doses over the 144-h dosing period."( In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
Andes, D; Craig, WA, 2007)		0.34
" All beta-lactamase resistant beta-lactam compounds given by IV route, if they are prescribed at the good dosage and frequency, fulfill these PK/PD parameters."( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy used in child osteoarticular infections].
Cohen, R; Grimprel, E, 2007)		0.34
"4 and (ii) sigmoidal dose-response curves with cloxacillin (0."( Restoration of susceptibility of intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams: comparison of strains, cells, and antibiotics.
Appelbaum, PC; Glupczynski, Y; Lemaire, S; Olivier, A; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F, 2008)		0.6
"The need to investigate novel dosing regimens and combinations is essential in combating poor treatment outcomes for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis."( Evaluation of daptomycin pharmacodynamics and resistance at various dosage regimens against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with reduced susceptibilities to daptomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations.
Leonard, SN; Rose, WE; Rybak, MJ, 2008)		0.35
" This convenient and pharmacodynamically optimized dosing regimen for oxacillin deserves consideration for patients with IE caused by MSSA."( Continuous versus intermittent infusion of oxacillin for treatment of infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
Crawford, GE; Frei, CR; Green, K; Hughes, DW; Lewis, JS; Maxwell, PR; Patterson, JE, 2009)		0.57
" Dose fractionation studies showed that AUC/MIC was the pharmacodynamic index linked with efficacy, indicating that once-daily dosing in humans is feasible."( In vivo pharmacodynamics of torezolid phosphate (TR-701), a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a mouse thigh infection model.
Drusano, GL; Kulawy, R; Liu, W; Louie, A, 2011)		0.59
" Ceftriaxone can be dosed once daily and is less expensive for outpatient therapy than oxacillin."( A retrospective comparison of ceftriaxone versus oxacillin for osteoarticular infections due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
Bommarito, KM; Marcantoni, JR; Marschall, J; Warren, DK; Wieland, BW, 2012)		0.6
" Although cefazolin is considered as an alternative to the ASPs for patients with nonsevere penicillin allergies, cefazolin offers several pharmacologic advantages over ASPs, such as more convenient dosing regimens, and antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly using cefazolin as the preferential agent for MSSA infections as part of cost-saving initiatives."( β-Lactam Therapy for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Comparative Review of Cefazolin versus Antistaphylococcal Penicillins.
Echevarria, KL; Li, J; Traugott, KA, 2017)		0.77
" With a terminal half-life of 8-10 days, oritavancin dosing regimens with infrequent parenteral administration now exist to treat infectious diseases such as osteomyelitis that would otherwise require daily dosing of intravenous antimicrobials for weeks; however, clinical experience is lacking."( Successful Treatment of Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis with Oritavancin.
Darmelio, M; Delaportas, DJ; Estrada, SJ, 2017)		0.76
" The dose-response relation was examined using log binomial regression or Poisson regression models."( Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy humans is associated with occupational pig contact in a dose-response manner.
Chen, S; Chen, Z; Guo, D; Huang, J; Li, L; Li, S; Wang, X; Yao, Z; Ye, X, 2017)		0.79
"Although previous studies have suggested an association between livestock exposure and the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in humans, it remains unclear whether there is a dose-response relationship."( Relationship between livestock exposure and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in humans: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Chen, Z; Guo, D; Han, C; Liu, Y; Ye, X, 2020)		1.04
" To optimize vancomycin activity, dosage was adjusted to achieve an AUC/MIC ≥400."( Effectiveness of vancomycin plus cloxacillin compared with vancomycin, cloxacillin and daptomycin single therapies in the treatment of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis.
Almela, M; Cañas-Pacheco, MA; Castañeda, X; Dahl, A; Falces, C; Fuster, D; García-De-la-Mària, C; García-González, J; Gasch, O; Hernández-Meneses, M; Llopis, J; Marco, F; Miró, JM; Moreno, A; Pericàs, JM; Quintana, E; Soy, D; Tolosana, JM; Vidal, B, 2021)		0.82
" This diagnosis was confirmed by an organic acid dosage in the urine."( [A case of pyroglutamic metabolic acidosis after cotreatment by flucloxacillin and paracetamol].
Desgranges, A; Hu, K; Monney Chaubert, C, 2022)		0.72
"The proportion of patients with invasive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection who achieve target concentrations of flucloxacillin or cefazolin with standard dosing regimens is uncertain."( Frequency of pharmacological target attainment with flucloxacillin and cefazolin in invasive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection: a prospective cohort study in hospitalized patients.
Campbell, PO; Chambers, ST; Chin, PKL; Dalton, SC; Douglas, NM; Metcalf, SCL, 2023)		1.4
"Standard dosing of flucloxacillin and cefazolin in the treatment of invasive MSSA infections may not achieve target plasma concentrations for a subgroup of patients."( Frequency of pharmacological target attainment with flucloxacillin and cefazolin in invasive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection: a prospective cohort study in hospitalized patients.
Campbell, PO; Chambers, ST; Chin, PKL; Dalton, SC; Douglas, NM; Metcalf, SCL, 2023)		1.13
" However, the use of antistaphylococcal penicillins presents challenges, such as frequent dosing administration and adverse events with protracted use."( Cefazolin in the treatment of central nervous system infections: A narrative review and recommendation.
Al-Hasan, M; Antosz, K; Battle, S; Bookstaver, PB; Chang, J; Scheetz, MH, 2023)		0.91
"Standard once-daily dosing of ceftriaxone may not lead to adequate antibiotic exposure in all cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB)."( Comparative effectiveness of β-lactams for empirical treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a prospective cohort study.
Bonten, MJM; Buis, DTP; Herpers, BL; Jansen, RR; Prins, JM; Rozemeijer, W; Sieswerda, E; Sigaloff, KCE; Soetekouw, R; van der Meer, JTM; van der Vaart, TW; van Twillert, G; van Werkhoven, CH; Veenstra, J, 2023)		1.15
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
antibacterial drugA drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
penicillinAny member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.
penicillin allergenAny penicillin which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)116.00003.02003.02003.0200AID1209730
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Molecular Functions (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (428)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1530157Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5426 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID433386Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM2150 containing pSR108 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1533876Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1449 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1256640Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA2 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1416810Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium ATCC 49624 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1530153Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7943 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1416811Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1530131Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51575 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1533867Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2728 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID433387Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM2151 containing pSR108 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID577709Antibacterial activity against 10'7 CFU/ml telA-deficient Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e Serovar 1/2a at 5 ug after 16 hrs by disk diffusion assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
TelA contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin and other cell wall-acting antibiotics.
AID1243963Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-8 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1294555Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 8282 by broth micro-dilution method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID1530168Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4955 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1416814Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1144 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1124794Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-427 after 24 hrs by standard broth microdilution method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
Synthesis and evaluation of new diaryl ether and quinoline hybrids as potential antiplasmodial and antimicrobial agents.
AID400282Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans CAND105 after 48 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1416807Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 2690 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID591660Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by agar dilution method2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7
A new DNA gyrase inhibitor subclass of the cyclothialidine family based on a bicyclic dilactam-lactone scaffold. Synthesis and antibacterial properties.
AID1827146Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth after 18 hrs in presence of oxacillin by CLSI protocol based broth microdilution assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Identification and Evaluation of Brominated Carbazoles as a Novel Antibiotic Adjuvant Scaffold in MRSA.
AID1592329Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1689747Antibacterial activity against linezolid-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus AOUC 0915 assessed as inhibition of visible growth after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 189Simple amphiphilic α-hydrazido acids: Rational design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity profile of a novel class of potential antimicrobial compounds.
AID1225645Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO at 100 ug/ml by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1533855Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3589 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1533872Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 774 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1530185Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7434 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1706881Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS12 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1530166Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 8179 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID201182Minimum inhibitory concentration against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 430 (MRSA) in vitro using trypticase soy broth (TSB) with 4% NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530149Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7807 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1850149Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs in presence of S2163 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1225634Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1256638Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1533849Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2490 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1530176Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7664 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID467877Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ug/ml by NCCLS method2009Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 72, Issue:12
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-active metabolites from Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore).
AID1416796Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis 168 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1530156Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7813 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1543304Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID368277Bactericidal activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution technique2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vivo efficacy of ceftaroline (PPI-0903), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared with linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit endocarditis model.
AID1850153Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as FICI incubated for 18 hrs in presence of S2163 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1850144Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID433395Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1832 harboring inactive lytH and inactive llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1234167Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis 1.079 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth incubated at 37 degC for 24 hrs2015Journal of natural products, Jul-24, Volume: 78, Issue:7
Indole Alkaloids from Chaetomium globosum.
AID355389Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1898433Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate 1 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID288607Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 335912007Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-31, Volume: 50, Issue:11
Antibacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase inhibitors: amide- and ether-linked tethered dimers with alpha-amino acid end groups.
AID201411In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus X1.1 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1416801Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1230066Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus GRE2691 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol-polyamine conjugates.
AID1416813Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-2108 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1517138Ratio of MIC for resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 for 15 days to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 for 24 hrs2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1530183Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5056 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID433388Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1648 with deltarel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1484407Antibacterial activity against antibiotic-susceptile Enterococcus faecium ATCC 49624 after 18 hrs by brain heart infusion broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1416805Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1747 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID201183Minimum inhibitory concentration against sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus 446 in 4% of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530138Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1428 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1706871Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR119 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1850148Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs in presence of S2727 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1294558Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID1416802Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-41 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1243965Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 8-21 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1517071Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18858 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1592336Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA198 clinical isolate-1 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1332984Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1530129Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1908143Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)quinolin-1-2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design and synthesis of quinolinium-based derivatives targeting FtsZ for antibacterial evaluation and mechanistic study.
AID1530139Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 8162 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1517073Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18908 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1576487Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID1908144Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of (E)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)quinolin-1-2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design and synthesis of quinolinium-based derivatives targeting FtsZ for antibacterial evaluation and mechanistic study.
AID1320330Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 measured after overnight incubation by microdilution broth method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21
Identification of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents.
AID1530116Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis 168 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1530155Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1610 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID201186Minimum inhibitory concentration against homoresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus 447 in the absence of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530144Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2671 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530148Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7971 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530121Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1243967Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-1 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1530162Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 6515 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1689766Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 292122020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 189Simple amphiphilic α-hydrazido acids: Rational design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity profile of a novel class of potential antimicrobial compounds.
AID1256643Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA5 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1533853Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1344 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1225643Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1530154Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7947 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1294559Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes at 200 uM2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID1156860Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-427 after 24 hrs by microbroth dilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 83Synthesis of 2,3,6-trideoxy sugar triazole hybrids as potential new broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1530141Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3123 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530186Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7449 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1416809Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID433381Antibacterial activity against low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-20280 after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1592332Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID460794Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 16 to 20 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 18, Issue:2
The chemical synthesis and antibiotic activity of a diverse library of 2-aminobenzimidazole small molecules against MRSA and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
AID1517075Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19047 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID433394Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-17164 harboring inactive lytH gene and active llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1264427Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID1530120Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1243961Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-4 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID201438In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis 270 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1533875Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 85 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1533854Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2901 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1530164Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7960 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID548471Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 48 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530128Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1332988Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1264426Antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID433389Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-17164 with lytH gene inactivated by insertion sequence IS1182 measured after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1225635Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 using fresh sample in DMSO after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1595134Antifungal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 170Tetrazole hybrids and their antifungal activities.
AID1706872Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10129 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID548253Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 24 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1706876Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10193 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1484410Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis 168 after 18 hrs by Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID1530159Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7864 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1332987Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1530181Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4548 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1533857Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3332 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1060486Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 5 ug/mL after 24 hrs2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1
Preparation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1517061Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19494 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1225641Bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 using fresh sample in DMSO after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID548255Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSn mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1209732Drug uptake by mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells at 100 uM after 25 mins by HPLC/UV detection method in presence of probenecid2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID1256641Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA3 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1530140Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7917 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1706869Antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1225638Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus EAMC30 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1706873Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10198 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1256644Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA6 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1484415Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA2108 after 18 hrs by Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID324019Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 31005 by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID155838Tested against penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) enzyme.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1332989Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1416803Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1717 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1243964Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 6-42 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID206848Compound was tested for antibacterial activity against MRSA ATCC 33591, expressed as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-21, Volume: 12, Issue:2
Anti-MRSA activity of alkyl gallates.
AID1530182Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1947 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1243959Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1543306Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID1850141Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID206793Minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
New antibacterial agents derived from the DNA gyrase inhibitor cyclothialidine.
AID1243962Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 6281 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID355388Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli UB1005 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1850150Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs in presence of PC190723 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID433384Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM2148 containing pSR108 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1517068Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18466 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1850152Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as FICI incubated for 18 hrs in presence of S2727 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1243957Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1530127Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA1720 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530184Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 8078 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1898436Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 147 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving
AID1706878Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10191 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1361095Bacteriostatic activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51575 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 155N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide analogs, bacteriostatic agents against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
AID548472Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega after 48 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530165Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1651 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530126Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1827144Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA100 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth after 18 hrs in presence of oxacillin by CLSI protocol based broth microdilution assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Identification and Evaluation of Brominated Carbazoles as a Novel Antibiotic Adjuvant Scaffold in MRSA.
AID1892309Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 incubated for 16 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution based spectrophotometric analysis2022Journal of natural products, 06-24, Volume: 85, Issue:6
Glenthmycins A-M: Macrocyclic Spirotetronate Polyketide Antibacterials from the Australian Pasture Plant-Derived
AID1908141Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by checker board assay2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design and synthesis of quinolinium-based derivatives targeting FtsZ for antibacterial evaluation and mechanistic study.
AID1706870Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR100 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1225640Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1530203Ratio of MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after and before 5 serial passages2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1484408Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221 after 18 hrs by brain heart infusion broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID1256646Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1124793Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 after 24 hrs by standard broth microdilution method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
Synthesis and evaluation of new diaryl ether and quinoline hybrids as potential antiplasmodial and antimicrobial agents.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1416812Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID433377Antibacterial activity against low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-17238 after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1576497Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus R3890 clinical isolate after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID368276Bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 by microdilution technique2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
In vivo efficacy of ceftaroline (PPI-0903), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared with linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit endocarditis model.
AID1225647Bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus EAMC30 using fresh sample in DMSO at 100 ug/ml after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1243970Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-6 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1530152Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7863 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1533859Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1136 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1898438Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 156 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving
AID201412In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus X400 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1517078Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19900 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1689767Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 292132020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 189Simple amphiphilic α-hydrazido acids: Rational design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity profile of a novel class of potential antimicrobial compounds.
AID432806Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL transposon mutant C245 harboring Tn551 gene at 42 degC by population analysis method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Role of a sodium-dependent symporter homologue in the thermosensitivity of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance and cell wall composition in Staphylococcus aureus.
AID201181Minimum inhibitory concentration against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 430 (MRSA) in vitro using trypticase soy broth (TSB)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID43270Inhibition of beta-lactamase of Enterobacter aerogenes relative to oxacillin sulfoxide(=1)1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12
A multifaceted approach to the study of the side-chain conformation in beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins.
AID548474Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1706879Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID467876Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by NCCLS method2009Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 72, Issue:12
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-active metabolites from Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore).
AID1592330Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID201184Minimum inhibitory concentration against sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus 446 in the absence of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1256642Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA4 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID433383Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1665 containing pSR108 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID433379Antibacterial activity against low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-20137 after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1517086Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth at MIC measured after 15 passages2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530151Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2931 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530167Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 8071 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1416804Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1720 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1243968Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-7 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1850142Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 44 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1530119Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1320331Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 ATCC 700699 measured after overnight incubation by microdilution broth method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21
Identification of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents.
AID1576495Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus R3545 clinical isolate after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID1530150Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2491 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID433390Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-17164 harboring intact lytH gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1530174Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5239 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1256639Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA1 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1361096Bacteriostatic activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 155N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide analogs, bacteriostatic agents against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
AID1332985Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1517072Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18878 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1209731Drug uptake by mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells at 100 uM after 25 mins by HPLC/UV detection method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID1530118Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium ATCC 49624 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1517082Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19952 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1484412Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 after 18 hrs by cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID163912In vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas X239 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID401031Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli UB1005 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1332990Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25923 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1156859Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 after 24 hrs by microbroth dilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 83Synthesis of 2,3,6-trideoxy sugar triazole hybrids as potential new broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
AID1124796Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 after 24 hrs by standard broth microdilution method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
Synthesis and evaluation of new diaryl ether and quinoline hybrids as potential antiplasmodial and antimicrobial agents.
AID1850145Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID355391Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SAP00017 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1517069Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18475 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1209730Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake over 20 mins2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID1517062Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8325.4 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID205640Compound was tested for antibacterial activity against MRSA ATCC 33591, expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-21, Volume: 12, Issue:2
Anti-MRSA activity of alkyl gallates.
AID433397Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1816 harboring inactive lytH and inactive llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID201950In vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae PARK strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1225651Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221 assessed as growth inhibition using fresh sample in DMSO at 100 ug/ml by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1225650Bactericidal activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221 using fresh sample in DMSO at 100 ug/ml after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1530178Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7587 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1243969Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 8-24 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID433393Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM563 harboring active lytH gene and inactive llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1530163Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4023 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1294554Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 by broth micro-dilution method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID1230064Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus GRE2272 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol-polyamine conjugates.
AID1530142Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7247 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1517079Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19916 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID64388In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae EB5 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1706880Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS4 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1892306Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 incubated for 16 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution based spectrophotometric analysis2022Journal of natural products, 06-24, Volume: 85, Issue:6
Glenthmycins A-M: Macrocyclic Spirotetronate Polyketide Antibacterials from the Australian Pasture Plant-Derived
AID409956Inhibition of mouse brain MAOB2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID79571In vitro antimicrobial activity against Haemophilus influenzae C.L. strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1533858Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3411 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID548256Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530169Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5395 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530161Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1220 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1533865Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1402 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1416808Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1908146Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methyl-4-(pentylamino)quinolin-1-ium iodide 2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design and synthesis of quinolinium-based derivatives targeting FtsZ for antibacterial evaluation and mechanistic study.
AID1592334Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25923 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1209736Inhibition of human OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID1517077Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19167 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1264429Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1708 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID355394Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans UBC54 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID230776Range for minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus; 4->642004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
New antibacterial agents derived from the DNA gyrase inhibitor cyclothialidine.
AID577512Antibacterial activity against 10'7 CFU/ml wild-type Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e Serovar 1/2a at 5 ug after 16 hrs by disk diffusion assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11
TelA contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin and other cell wall-acting antibiotics.
AID1530130Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1416799Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1533870Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 358 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1517076Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19498 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1484414Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC BAA2108 expressing NDM-1 beta-lactamase after 18 hrs by Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID1361094Bacteriostatic activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 155N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide analogs, bacteriostatic agents against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
AID1530204Ratio of MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after and before 5 to 21 serial passages2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1264431Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID433382Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1664 containing pSR100 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1530158Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 6334 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID355392Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1850154Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 41 assessed as FICI incubated for 18 hrs in presence of PC190723 by checkerboard assay2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID433392Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM551 harboring active lytH and llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1533856Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 256 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID548254Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega after 24 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1209734Inhibition of mouse OAT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID1533871Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3580 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1416800Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1256645Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CIMRSA7 after 18 to 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Chemical conjugation of 2-hexadecynoic acid to C5-curcumin enhances its antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
AID1060489Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1
Preparation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1706875Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10186 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1706877Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10194 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1533869Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2224 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1156856Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 24 hrs by microbroth dilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 83Synthesis of 2,3,6-trideoxy sugar triazole hybrids as potential new broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
AID1517139Ratio of MIC for resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 for 15 days to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 for 24 hrs2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID163911Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas PS18 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530173Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7682 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1484413Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 hrs by Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID1827138Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth after 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based broth microdilution assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Identification and Evaluation of Brominated Carbazoles as a Novel Antibiotic Adjuvant Scaffold in MRSA.
AID201437In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis 222 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1592335Antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1533860Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2895 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID64387In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli EC14 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1517074Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19041 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530145Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3170 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1294556Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 359842016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID324017Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID1243966Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 309-3 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1416798Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29247 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1230065Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus GRE2372 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol-polyamine conjugates.
AID1225644Bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 using fresh sample in DMSO after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID201185Minimum inhibitory concentration against homoresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus 447 in 4% of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1543301Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID1533851Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 231 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1533850Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 254 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID324022Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 307109 by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID1576496Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus R3889 clinical isolate after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID1530143Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7717 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1892308Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 incubated for 16 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution based spectrophotometric analysis2022Journal of natural products, 06-24, Volume: 85, Issue:6
Glenthmycins A-M: Macrocyclic Spirotetronate Polyketide Antibacterials from the Australian Pasture Plant-Derived
AID1530179Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1708 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1576498Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate 1 after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID1850146Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA 1720 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID1530177Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7536 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID401033Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID433399Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1825 harboring inactive lytH and inactive llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1124795Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 24 hrs by standard broth microdilution method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
Synthesis and evaluation of new diaryl ether and quinoline hybrids as potential antiplasmodial and antimicrobial agents.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1416818Induction of recombinant Staphylococcus aureus FtsZ polymerization at 10 ug/ml by 90degree light scattering-based fluorescence spectrometric analysis2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1517081Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19102 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID93995In vitro antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella X26 strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1592338Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA198 clinical isolate-3 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1533862Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3267 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID401034Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1416797Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1592331Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID400281Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis Vernon after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1543305Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID1543302Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 90906 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID1530172Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2158 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID460795Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29740 after 16 to 20 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 18, Issue:2
The chemical synthesis and antibiotic activity of a diverse library of 2-aminobenzimidazole small molecules against MRSA and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
AID1517067Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1517085Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth at MIC measured after 15 passages2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID324020Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID401032Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DC2 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1530171Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7916 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1332991Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 198-1 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1320329Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-44 measured after overnight incubation by microdilution broth method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21
Identification of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents.
AID1209735Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4
Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID548473Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSn mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID433378Antibacterial activity against low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-20118 after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1517066Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530160Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7972 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1533864Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1749 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID355387Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DC2 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1243960Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae KP-249 clinical isolate after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1517064Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID201180Minimum inhibitory concentration against heteroresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus 430 in the absence of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1918194Lipophilicity, log D of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID460796Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 16 to 20 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 18, Issue:2
The chemical synthesis and antibiotic activity of a diverse library of 2-aminobenzimidazole small molecules against MRSA and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
AID355390Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID1361092Bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 155N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide analogs, bacteriostatic agents against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
AID433385Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM2149 containing pSR108 harboring deletion in rel-lytH region after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID548257Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm, graRm mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1530193Inhibition of recombinant Staphylococcus aureus FtsZ polymerization at 8 ug/ml by 90 degree light scattering-based fluorescence spectrometric analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1530132Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 700221 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1533873Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 200 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID400280Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1533861Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2516 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1530147Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 3096 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID433380Antibacterial activity against low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-20202 after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID355393Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis UBC221 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID206642Minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
New antibacterial agents derived from the DNA gyrase inhibitor cyclothialidine.
AID1898434Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate 2 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving
AID400279Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SAP00017 after 24 hrs by twofold serial microbroth dilution assay1996Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1
Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora.
AID1332986Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID1533866Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2919 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1576500Cytotoxicity against dog MDCK cells after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay
AID1533874Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2973 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1530170Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7844 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1850143Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 18 hrs by CLSI protocol based two fold serial dilution method2022RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism.
AID324021Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Smith by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID1706874Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NR10192 measured after 16 to 18 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID201179Minimum inhibitory concentration against heteroresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus 430 in 4% of NaCl1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1533863Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 757 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1156858Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 after 24 hrs by microbroth dilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 83Synthesis of 2,3,6-trideoxy sugar triazole hybrids as potential new broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
AID1517070Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 18567 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1576499Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate 4 after 24 hrs by tecan plate reader analysis
AID1530117Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1908145Synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methyl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-1-ium iodi2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design and synthesis of quinolinium-based derivatives targeting FtsZ for antibacterial evaluation and mechanistic study.
AID1533868Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1717 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1484416Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA2470 expressing NDM-1 beta-lactamase after 18 hrs by Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID1332992Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 198-2 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID433398Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1663 harboring inactive lytH gene and active llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID288606Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 292132007Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-31, Volume: 50, Issue:11
Antibacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase inhibitors: amide- and ether-linked tethered dimers with alpha-amino acid end groups.
AID460793Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA-44 after 16 to 20 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 18, Issue:2
The chemical synthesis and antibiotic activity of a diverse library of 2-aminobenzimidazole small molecules against MRSA and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
AID1264430Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1717 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID1918193Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID1530180Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5035 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1898437Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 138 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving
AID324018Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 33591 by microdilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5
In vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the glycopeptide dalbavancin.
AID1592337Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA198 clinical isolate-2 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1530146Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4127 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1576501Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay
AID1543303Antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113 assessed as inhibition of microbial growth by CLSI based method2019Journal of natural products, 07-26, Volume: 82, Issue:7
Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of
AID1243958Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis VRE-309 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 101Synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial species.
AID1533852Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 417 by broth microdilution assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor.
AID1361093Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 155N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide analogs, bacteriostatic agents against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
AID1827145Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth after 18 hrs in presence of oxacillin by CLSI protocol based broth microdilution assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Identification and Evaluation of Brominated Carbazoles as a Novel Antibiotic Adjuvant Scaffold in MRSA.
AID1592333Antibacterial activity against measured after Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 measured after 18 to 20 hrs by microbroth dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Efficient click chemistry towards novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-chromene-d-glucose conjugates: Design, synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activities.
AID1530187Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 7183 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID1225646Bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 using fresh sample in DMSO at 100 ug/ml after 24 to 48 hrs by CLSI method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183.
AID1530175Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2350 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines.
AID201402In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus S13E strain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of a series of 1-carba-1-dethiacephems exhibiting activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1484411Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 18 hrs by cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Antibacterial activity of N-methylbenzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline and N-methylbenzoindolo[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives and study of their mode of action.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1294557Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by broth micro-dilution method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents.
AID433391Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR-17164 harboring lytH::IS1182 gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID548475Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm, graRm mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1264428Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1696 by plate reader analysis2015Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11
Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii.
AID1416806Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 417 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method2017MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10
New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study.
AID1332993Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 198-3 after 18 to 20 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones.
AID433396Antibacterial activity against high-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SRM1648 harboring inactive lytH gene and active llm gene after 24 hrs by serial twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate with high-level methicillin resistance with an lytH mutation caused by IS1182 insertion.
AID1517080Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19423 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 24 hrs by serial dilution method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (4,194)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902167 (51.67)18.7374
1990's323 (7.70)18.2507
2000's608 (14.50)29.6817
2010's762 (18.17)24.3611
2020's334 (7.96)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 135.44

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index135.44 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.40 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.66 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index257.13 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (135.44)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials72 (1.65%)5.53%
Reviews210 (4.80%)6.00%
Case Studies303 (6.93%)4.05%
Observational21 (0.48%)0.25%
Other3,769 (86.15%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteomyelitis Treated With Intravenous Antibiotics Versus Intravenous Antibiotics With an Early Switch to Oral Antibiotics [NCT02099240]Early Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-06Terminated(stopped due to Not enough patient enrollment and lack of staffing)
Impact MRSA -PCR on Patient Management [NCT03096405]50 participants (Actual)Observational2014-02-01Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.0310ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		1.94106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.4420acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.0410cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.4110tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		3.3570halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.0710monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.0510trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.1510monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		2.4420amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		1.9410glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		1.9410aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.82302-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.0410dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.3520sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.0410chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		3.0650alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		3.7430carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.4110benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		3.89130diatomic iodinenutrient
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.3820metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.1110long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		2.0410C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		1.9410primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		1.9410pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		1.9510pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.6330isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		3.82120aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		2.3520alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.4520oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin
[no description available]		3.0550imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4520acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		2.7330aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		3.1150acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		2.7330monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.0410acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		2.7330phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		2.0410imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		2.4520organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.4520secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		2.0410triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.3441adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.420acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.0410dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
theophylline
[no description available]		2.7330dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.45201-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		2.4520carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		2.7330dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.0410acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.6730pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		3.2260benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.7330ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		2.0410aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4520monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		2.0410benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
aztreonam
Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.		2.6730
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		7.6120benzamides
benzethonium
Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.		2.0210alkylbenzene
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.7430benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
berberine
[no description available]		2.6920alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
betaxolol
[no description available]		2.7330propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4520propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		2.0410piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		2.7330secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.4520organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.0410organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4520benzamides
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.0410organic molecular entity
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.4520aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		2.7330amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.7330aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
busulfan
[no description available]		2.7330methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
caffeine
[no description available]		2.7330purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.4520aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9410bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		2.0410organic molecular entity
carmofur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		2.4420N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4110carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.0410quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		2.4520carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
cefuroxime
Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.		4.02140carbamate ester;
cephalosporin
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.0410aromatic ketone
cefixime
Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.		2.920
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.3720quaternary ammonium ion
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.3720aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		2.7330aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		2.4520benzodiazepine
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.1450aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		2.3720benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0210monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		3.7830monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		3.0650organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		2.7330monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		2.7330isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
cifenline
[no description available]		2.4520diarylmethane
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		2.7330aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		9.78943aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		2.45202-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0410amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.6530monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.0410dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.4520clonidine;
imidazoline
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.0640conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0410non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.4110dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		2.7330substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.0410carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		2.4520dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		2.0410primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.68301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		2.7330benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.4520amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0410carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.0410N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		2.4420monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		2.3820dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dinitolmide
Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0410dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.4520ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		2.0410piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyrone
metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.		2.0410amino sulfonic acid;
pyrazoles		anti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		2.0410organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.7330branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		2.7330benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		2.0410morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		2.0410aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		2.4520dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		2.0410oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		1.9710benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		2.1310indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.67301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.3920
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		2.0410aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		2.0410carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		2.0410dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.4520phenols
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.7330dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4420resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.0410azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.4520anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.7330aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		3.0950difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		4.5970conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		2.9740aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		2.4520ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		2.0410benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.9140nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		2.0410(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		2.6330nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.7330chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		2.4520gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		13.882516
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		3.0510aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		2.4520sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.4520aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.0410piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.9940monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
granisetron
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		2.0210methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		2.0410azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		2.4520acetamides
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.4520aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.0410haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.6530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.6830barbiturates
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		3.2160phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.7330azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.8740benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		2.0410aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.7330one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.7330monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		2.0410primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		3.2360benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.4520ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		2.7830dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		2.7330bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		2.0410indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.7830aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.0410benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iproniazid
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		2.0410azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		3.2460carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.0650catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		2.4520benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		3.8630piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.0410cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		2.4520aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.7830benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		2.4520amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		2.7330benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		2.4520benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		2.0210medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
letrozole
[no description available]		2.4520nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomustine
[no description available]		2.0410N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		2.4520benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		2.4520biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		2.0410anthracenes
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.4520aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		2.0410nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.6101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		2.6830ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		2.4420piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		2.4420organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		2.0410amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.4520guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		3.7930benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.0410ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		2.1310aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.0410ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		2.0410benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0410benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		2.7330beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		2.7330benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		2.4520organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		2.4520aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.3660C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		2.7330aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		4.4460dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.4520imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
milrinone
[no description available]		2.4520bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		2.0410dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		2.4520benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		2.7330dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		2.7330benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.4520acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.0410aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nadolol
[no description available]		2.4110tetralins
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.921201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		2.4520heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		2.4520aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.0410benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		1.9410quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4520cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		2.4520benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.4110benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.9940C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		2.73302-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.4520C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.7330C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		2.0410nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		2.4520isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		5.09140fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		2.4520organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.0410alkylbenzene
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		7.162813-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		2.4520aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.0410carbazoles
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.0410aromatic ether
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		2.0410acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.6430phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
pamidronate
[no description available]		2.0410phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		2.4520aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		2.4520benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		2.4420aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.0410barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		2.0410oxopurine
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.7330N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.0410acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.6830acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0410diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		3.7330aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenmetrazine
Phenmetrazine: A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. phenmetrazine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.		1.9510morpholinesmetabolite;
sympathomimetic agent
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.4570barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		1.9310aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		2.0410primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		1.9410pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.4520organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pimpinellin
pimpinellin: from Heracleum laciniatum; cause of phototoxicity in patient with vitiligo		2.1310furanocoumarin
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		2.4520indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0310azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0410N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.4520aromatic ether
polythiazide
[no description available]		2.0410benzothiadiazine
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		1.9410potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0510acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.4520aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.4420amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		2.4420aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		2.0410pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		5.49220benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.0410dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.7330benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		3.73110benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0410benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		2.0410pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.0410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		2.6830phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		2.0410phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.4520naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
propyl gallate
Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.		2.4320trihydroxybenzoic acid
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.0810
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		2.4520pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		2.4520benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine
[no description available]		2.7330aralkylamine
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		2.45201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		2.4520tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		4.6211benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		2.0410N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.3360pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		2.4520pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.4520ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
imatinib
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.0410pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		2.0410dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		2.3520quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.0410N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.8640aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.0410sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.3820pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		1.9510sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		5.63250isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		7.8740pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.3720substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0410pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.0410
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		2.4520pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		4.4670isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfoxone
sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410sulfonamide
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		2.0510benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		2.7830sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.4520aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.4520naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		7.9440N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
temozolomide
[no description available]		2.0410imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		2.4520furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.7330phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.0410benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		2.0410phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2,2'-thiodiethanol
2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom		2.0410aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		2.7330aziridines
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		2.4520imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		2.4520benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.0410N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		2.7330N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tosufloxacin
tosufloxacin: quinolone anti-infective agent; structure given in first source. tosufloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tosufloxacin.. 7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively.		1.97101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
aminopyrrolidine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
tertiary amino compound
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.		2.3110N-substituted diamine;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		apoptosis inducer;
chelator;
copper chelator
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		2.4520aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		2.0410amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		2.7330pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		2.4520triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
triclosan
[no description available]		2.9640aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		2.0410oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.71270aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		2.7330
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		2.0410dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
urapidil
[no description available]		2.0410piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		2.0410carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		2.4520cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410piperidines
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.0410aromatic ether
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.8730inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		2.4520imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9710mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		1.9410acylcholine
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		3.913011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		2.0410alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		10.5943beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
thymidine
[no description available]		3.0450pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.0410nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.1710benzodioxolespesticide synergist
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.04101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		2.34202-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		1.94103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0410barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.8740non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		1.9310corticosteroid hormone
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		3.9614011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.0410fluorinated steroid
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.0410N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		13.63893penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.3820organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		1.9310phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		1.9510organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		1.94102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		2.2110guanidines
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.75110alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.7130L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		12.281853C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		1.9510aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		7.3620amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		3.3570aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine
[no description available]		2.4420acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		2.3820carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.8640glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.041017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		2.0410aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
dromostanolone
dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		1.9510adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		13.0220412azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		10.411222kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.4120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		5.64140monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		1.9410phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine
[no description available]		2.0410organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.7330amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.3570ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.4120amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		7.4110amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		14.092207penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		1.9510organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.0410benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline
[no description available]		2.0410anilines;
primary arylamine
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.3620lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		6.9610aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.8840amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		2.4420alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.0410aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		14.974403penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.0410antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		1.9410barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		1.9510chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		5.631504-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		14.63649beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		8.5790mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		3.7730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.0410nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.6530amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.0410organic sodium saltdye
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		1.9410aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		7.7630arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetylene
[no description available]		210alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		1.9410gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		1.9410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.7430benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
methylpentynol
methylpentynol: structure		2.0410ynone
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.7630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.		2.2110monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		1.9510pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		3.12506-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
carbazole
carbazole: structure in first source		2.4110carbazole
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		9.691320penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		2.4420glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		4.09160penicillanic acids
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.6530pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		7.4820monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
2-phenylphenol
2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.		2.0210hydroxybiphenylsantifungal agrochemical;
environmental food contaminant
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0410phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		1.9410mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
tolonium chloride
Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.		2.4110
proflavine
Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.		1.9710aminoacridinesantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
chromophore;
intercalator
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		210xanthene
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		1.9510benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.0410chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
dicloran
2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline		antifungal agrochemical
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
dyrene
dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine pesticide;
secondary amino compound;
triazines		antifungal agrochemical
acrolein
[no description available]		2.0410enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.1310alkane
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.1310alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0410polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.4420peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.0410bromide salt
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		10.08642aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410chlorobenzoic acid
benzathine
benzathine: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locants for phenylmethyl groups; structure		4.1350diamine
monuron
monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.		2.04103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.1710acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		2.0510alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		11.681333penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		2.0410acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.7330catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		2.0410aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.82120acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.0510adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.3720isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		3.48801,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		8.38701,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate
[no description available]		2.0410
mechlorethamine n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0410nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0410
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.4420N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		2.4520benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.085011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.3720imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		2.04101-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		1.9710
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.0410hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.0410isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
pamaquine
pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aminoquinoline
indoline
indoline: structure given in first source		7.0810indoles
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).		7.0210botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols		agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component
chlorazanil
[no description available]		1.9610diamino-1,3,5-triazine
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.6620
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.0310thiazolidine
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.0410ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		1.9510
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.44203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		2.041017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		1.9510organic molecular entity
apronalide
apronalide: structure		2.0410N-acylurea
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.4520thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.0410dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		2.0410amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		3.7821organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
aminopenicillanic acid
aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.		3.0550amino acid zwitterion;
penicillanic acids		allergen
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.110flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.041020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		3.3770acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
methyl isocyanate
methyl isocyanate: structure. methyl isocyanate : The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.		2.610isocyanatesallergen;
apoptosis inducer
brilliant green
brilliant green: RN given refers to sulfate; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1378. brilliant green : An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.		1.9710organic hydrogensulfate saltantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
environmental contaminant;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
poison
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		2.1510organic molecular entity
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		11.272061cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		2.8740
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.0410aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
carbophenothion
carbophenothion: structure		2.0410organic sulfide
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin
Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.		2.0410
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.7330
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone
Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.		2.04103-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
seco-androstane
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		2.9840ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		2.0410methylpyridines
lauryl gallate
[no description available]		2.0110gallate ester
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		2.930zinc molecular entity
monolaurin
monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol		2.02101-monoglyceride;
dodecanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		16.8143011glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		2.0410nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
propanidid
Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)		1.9510methoxybenzenes
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aromatic ketone
meturedepa
meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031		2.0410phosphoramide
ioxynil
ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410iodophenol;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0410dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		7.8840cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		2.0410aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2-tert-butylhydroquinone
2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.		2.4110hydroquinonesfood antioxidant
ethoglucid
Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.		2.0410epoxide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		2.0410benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		2.610benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
[no description available]		2.0410
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.4520dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.7330organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		9.53641dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.1510fluorescein isothiocyanate
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410organosulfonic ester
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		1.9610D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		3.0410beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
streptomycin
[no description available]		10.331451antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.3520carbon oxoanion
piperacetazine
piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)		2.0410phenothiazines
cladribine
[no description available]		2.4520organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		9.89612penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		7.96212penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
pentaquine
pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.		4.4270
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		2.0410azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
dodicin
dodicin: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
terodiline
[no description available]		2.4520diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		4.39220elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		7.610elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.2110iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		3.8390copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.0510manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		7.9630titanium group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		8.74110cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.470copper group element atom;
elemental gold
hafnium
Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.		1.9410titanium group element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		1.9710copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.4420pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.420N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.0410N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.1510inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.3520dihydrogen
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		1.9410
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.0410diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		4.3780
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0410benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		2.7330selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		11.94231beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.7330glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
calusterone
calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92		2.04103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		2.0410
iodine
[no description available]		2.3820halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.420aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		9.2841cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		2.0410nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		2.420indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.8840benzenes;
phenyl acetates
paraldehyde
Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		1.9410trioxanesedative
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.382011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
azetepa
[no description available]		2.0410phosphoramide
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.2110phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.0410benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		11891beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		12.52171penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		2.7330timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0410tryptamines
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.0410cyanogenic glycoside;
disaccharide derivative;
gentiobioside		plant metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		2.0410amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.7330azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		3.0750amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.6730penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		7.29304amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.7330taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.4420beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.0410catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		10.8122penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.0410amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.45201-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.4520triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.17170alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		8.3670beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.9240L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.6830penicillin
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		2.7330
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.45205-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.0410organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.4520azepanes
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410monoterpenoid
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.4520anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		2.4520aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		2.4520aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine
[no description available]		2.0410
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		4.95120cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.4520acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		2.7330anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		3.4520conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		7.3920cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		8.6690penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cefotiam
Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.		3.3670beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		2.4520aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		2.7330alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.7771cephalosporinantibacterial drug
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		2.420diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		4.4870cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410benzamides
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.0410
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		340cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.4520benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.7671cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		5.09140fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
octenidine
[no description available]		2.7620dihydropyridine
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		7.6830
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.4520
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.4520delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4520aminopyridine
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.4520aromatic ketone
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.0410benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.4520dimethoxybenzene
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.45203-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
caracemide
[no description available]		2.0410
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.4420carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		2.7830aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
amifloxacin
amifloxacin: structure in UD		7.6930quinolines
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
difloxacin
difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.		2.3720fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
sarafloxacin
sarafloxacin: RN & structure given in first source		2.3720quinolines
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
dup 105
4-methylsulfinylphenyloxooxazolidinylmethylacetamide: structure given in first source		6.9710
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		2.45203-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.4520
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		2.0410aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		7.3820amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.4520quinolines
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.45206-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		8.150fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		2.4520phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		2.4520beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.0410tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		2.4520pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		2.4520aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.4520organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		2.4520benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		2.0410aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		2.4520alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
lamivudine
[no description available]		2.4520monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.4520carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.4520biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		2.0410
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		2.45201,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.4520guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		2.7830oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		2.4520L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.1510adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure		2.04101,4-benzoquinones
octyl gallate
[no description available]		2.4320gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
morzid
morzid: structure		2.0410morpholines
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		9.871
cefprozil
[no description available]		2.0410cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
febrifugine
febrifugine: antimalarials; structure		2.0410quinazolines
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.1510D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		2.6530aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0410organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
baicalin
[no description available]		710dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0410N-glycosyl compound
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		7.1110flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
psicofuranine
[no description available]		2.0410psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
depsidone
depsidone: a dibenzo dioxepin with a lactone formed by one of the oxygens and a carbonyl between the two benzyl rings; some derivatives are found in GARCINIA plants. depsidone : The simplest member of the class of depsidones comprising of a heterotricyclic system that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by an oxo group at position 11.		2.110depsidones;
organic heterotricyclic compound
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		1.9510iodine oxoacid
triciribine
[no description available]		2.0410nucleoside analogueEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.0410benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		19.472214cephalosporinfungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
bendamustine
[no description available]		2.0410benzimidazoles
ritipenem
ritipenem: carbapenem antibiotic; structure given in first source		2.6630
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		2.0410ifosfamides
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside
4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0410
fotrin
fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure		2.0410
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		2.0410
flomoxef
flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.		1.9710N-acyl-amino acid;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
fropenem
[no description available]		2.0410faropenem
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.0410pyridoindole
repaglinide
[no description available]		2.4520piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		2.7830benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
inogatran
inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor		2.4110
propatyl nitrate
propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source		2.0410nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.4420fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfamidochrysoidine
sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.		2.0410
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
propamidine isethionate
propamidine isethionate : A guanidinium salt obtained by combining propamidine with two molar equivalents of isethionic acid. Used for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		1.9610guanidinium salt;
organosulfonate salt		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		1.9410phenanthroline
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.0410benzoate ester;
phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.13102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.420
pumitepa
pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410
arbekacin
arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.		3.0950aminoglycoside;
kanamycins		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		2.45201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.4520steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.4520ureas
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.0410
forphenicinol
[no description available]		2.0410
cefaloram
cefaloram: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. cefaloram : A cephalosporin derivative with potent antibacterial activity which binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division, inactivation of which interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causing cell lysis.		1.9410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0610cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.4520aromatic compound
flurithromycin
flurithromycin: fluorine derivative of erythromycin. flurithromycin : An erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydrogen attached to the carbon at position 8 (alpha to the ketone carbonyl group) has been replaced by a fluorine. It has been used (generally as the corresponding monoethyl succinate ester) as an antibacterial drug.		1.9810cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
organofluorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		2.0410chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		2.4520razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
sanfetrinem
sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326		1.9910
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		3.5920conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
inproquone
inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)		2.0410
betamipron
[no description available]		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4520benzofurans
penethamate hydroiodide
penethamate hydroiodide: structure		1.9610
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
hesperetin
[no description available]		2.04103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.0410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
magnolol
[no description available]		2.5220biphenyls
honokiol
[no description available]		2.5220biphenyls
gentamicin c1a
[no description available]		2.2510gentamycin C
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		8.0850
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
juncusol
juncusol: cytotoxic dihydro phenanthrene from Estuarian marsh plant Juncus roemerianus; structure		2.1310
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.0410
eperezolid
[no description available]		2.0210
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		7.87331carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		2.4520hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
1-ethoxysilatrane
[no description available]		2.0410
rivastigmine
[no description available]		2.4520carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		2.4520carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		2.0410indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.4520aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
nonyl gallate
[no description available]		2.0110
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.4520macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.0410
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.45203-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0410
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		2.0210iditolfungal metabolite
streptovitacin a
streptovitacin A: structure		2.0410
cephacetrile
Cephacetrile: A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.		2.6430cephalosporin
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		2.0410
mci 9038
[no description available]		2.0410peptide
totarol
totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi		6.9910diterpenoidmetabolite
propicillin
propicillin: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (64-84); Index Medicus search PROPICILLIN (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer		4.4640penicillin
quinacillin
quinacillin: RN given refers to (2S-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta))-isomer. quinacillin : A semisynthetic penicillase-resistant penicillin with antibacterial activity; it binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.		1.9410penicillin;
quinoxaline derivative		antibacterial drug
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		1.96101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		4.84340
carbenicillin indanyl
carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)		2.0410penicillin
mansonone f
mansonone F: a potent anti-bacterial sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source		2.0310
coumarin 7
coumarin 7: structure in first source		2.1310
cb 1837
CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
hexaphosphamide
hexaphosphamide: structure		2.0410
dipin
dipin: structure		2.0410
phosphazine
phosphazine: structure		2.0410
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine
5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.1510
phellopterin
phellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first source		2.1310psoralens
diiodobenzotepa
diiodobenzotepa: structure		2.0410
foxes
Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.		2.0710
icig 1163
ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
bimolane
bimolane: structure given in first source		2.0410
safrole oxide
safrole oxide: structure		4.6211
chimaphilin
chimaphilin: isolated from Chimaphila umbellata; structure given in first source		1.99101,4-naphthoquinones
thiodipin
thiodipin: structure		2.0410
fluoxydine
fluoxydine: structure		2.0410
imiphos
imiphos: structure		2.0410
4-hydroxycarbazole
4-hydroxycarbazole: structure in first source		2.4110
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		1.9410cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		8.35381beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		2.0410primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
diacetyldichlorofluorescein
diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein		2.110
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.3520
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.0410nitrogen mustard
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		2.0410alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		2.4320catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.0410acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0410
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.0410alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
1,1,2-trichloroethanol
1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene		2.0410
penicillin x
penicillin X: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer		6.9310penicillin
broadcillin
broadcillin: combination drug containing above two cpds		1.9610
a 82846a
[no description available]		210
4-acetylphenyloxooxazolidinylmethylacetamide
4-acetylphenyloxooxazolidinylmethylacetamide: structure given in first source; acts on gram+ and anaerobic bacteria		1.9710
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		2.4520indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.0410bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		7.930penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
garenoxacin
garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.		2.4120aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
isoindoles;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iremycin
iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer		2.0410
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.9240dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine
N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
hainanensine
hainanensine: structure in first source		2.0410
tamsulosin
[no description available]		2.45205-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
cgp 31608
CGP 31608: structure given in first source; CGP 32879 is the (5S,6R,8S)-isomer		7.6630
sulbactam
[no description available]		3.86120penicillanic acids
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.04102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems
[no description available]		4.99120
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		210D-xylose
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		10.16462beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
ritrosulfan
ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure		2.0410
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.4520hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.42009-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		4.3960carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.4520methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		2.0410benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.0410
evodiamine
[no description available]		7.1710beta-carbolines
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
damvar
damvar: structure		2.0410
prolyl-tyrosine
prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.		2.1310dipeptidemetabolite
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		3.1650aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		2.0410dihydropyridine
solifenacin
[no description available]		2.4520isoquinolines
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.4520morpholines
pirlimycin
pirlimycin: RN given refers to (mono-HCl(2S-cis)-isomer)		2.3720
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		2.3110chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
benzo-tepa
benzo-tepa: structure		2.0410
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0410sulfonamide
tac 278
TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
tin(iv) chlorin e6
tin(IV) chlorin e6: structure given in first source		2.0110
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		4.2430amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.610iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.		2.9340hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
nybomycin
nybomycin: antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces A 717; structure		2.0710
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.0410dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		1.9510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		1.9410amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		3.3670
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.0410piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
melagatran
[no description available]		2.4520azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		4.2960acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.4520
iclaprim
iclaprim: has antiviral activity. iclaprim : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-iclaprim. Both enantiomers exhibit similar, potent bactericidal activity against major Gram-positive pathogens, notably methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively).. 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group.		4.1531aminopyrimidine;
chromenes;
cyclopropanes
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.0410
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0410alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cortisone
[no description available]		3.045011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.04102-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3,6-dichlorocarbazole
3,6-dichlorocarbazole: from Bavarian soil; structure in first source		2.4110
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0810
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.4420carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
lupeol
[no description available]		7.1510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		7.62380penicillin allergen;
penicillin
indicine-n-oxide
indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure		2.0410
acivicin
[no description available]		2.0410isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		7.61261
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.0410amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		4.370
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.3920peptide
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		1.9410D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		2.0610oligopeptide
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		1.95103,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.0410(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		1.95102,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		2.3920heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
puromycin
[no description available]		1.9510puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		2.0410coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		1.9410
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.4520cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		3.84110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		5501-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		5.02380beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.4420cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		2.0410L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		2.0410acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.45202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		5.94142
miglitol
[no description available]		2.4520piperidines
7-aminocephalosporanic acid
7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid : The alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates.		1.9410alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0410penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		9.1611acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
angustibalin
angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.5220
acriflavine
Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.		2.420
tolterodine
[no description available]		2.7830tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.0410amino sugar
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		3.65100cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
sultamicillin
sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam		2.6830penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		2.04101-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.0810cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		2.0410amino cyclitol;
glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.4110cinnamic acidplant metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.6120resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		2.0410retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		7.110octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		2.4520macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		7.1310ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.4520dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.4520dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.6930benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		2.04102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		8.49362alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		12.25796
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		9.67343epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.5770macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
formycin
[no description available]		2.0410formycinantineoplastic agent
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
eptifibatide
[no description available]		2.0410homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.4520acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		3.411azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine
[no description available]		2.45202'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.0410
teniposide
[no description available]		2.7330aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		3.3110cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		6.78342cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.44201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.0410carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.7330L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.4520fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4520nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.3110aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		3.2560kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
abt 492
WQ 3034: structure in first source		2.2510
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0410organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
aceglatone
aceglatone: structure in Merck		2.0410organic molecular entity
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0410
cefpiramide
cefpiramide: antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative. cefpiramide : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (R)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.		1.9610carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
glycosides
[no description available]		2.110
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.6530isomethyleugenol
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.7220stilbene
3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole
[no description available]		2.4110carbazoles
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.6261penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0410amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
cefsulodin
Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.		2.4120cephalosporin;
organosulfonic acid;
primary carboxamide		antibacterial drug
polidocanol
Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.		2.3820hydroxypolyetherhepatotoxic agent;
nonionic surfactant;
sclerotherapy agent
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.0410indolyl carboxylic acid
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		2.0310S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.4420oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.0410
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4420purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.7330pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.0410
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.9340
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		2.0410ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.2360aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.0410
phenylthiourea
Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.		2.8510thioureasEC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.44201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4520isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.04102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		3.0750cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410purine nucleoside
streptozocin
[no description available]		2.0410
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		2.3720pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		2.0410
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		10.0773311alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		8.92581carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.0650barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
thiocarlide
thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent		3.2920thioureas
hmr 3647
[no description available]		2.4520
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		2.0410beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		1.9610alkali metal atom
dolasetron
[no description available]		2.0410indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.0410hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		2.0410amino alcohol
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.4420steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.0410
quinine
[no description available]		2.4520cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		4.4160glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
fusafungin
fusafungin: antibiotic from Fusarium lateririum; for treatment of respiratory infections. enniatin : A class of six-membered cyclodepsipeptides found in several species of Fusarium fungi as mixtures.		6.9710
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		2.6430
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		1.9410
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.0310
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.4520triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		2.45202-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin
[no description available]		3407-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.8640biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.11104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
luteolin
[no description available]		2.11103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.0410hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.4720prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		7.15103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		7.1110disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.46207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		6.51200antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		4.6990oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		2.452011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.4520aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		2.0410isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		2.78302-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		2.4520hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
petroselinic acid
petroselinic acid: isomer of oleic acid in parsley seeds; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; NM refers to (Z)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6974. petroselinic acid : The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.		2.4110octadec-6-enoic acidplant metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		2.1710alpha-humulene
kuwanon g
kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.		2.2110resorcinols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
kuwanon h
kuwanon H: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone H : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.		2.2110resorcinols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		7.11107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
morusin
morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.		2.1710extended flavonoid;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.46207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0410alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.0410homodetic cyclic peptide
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.4110quinolines
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		1.9510epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
miocamycin
Miocamycin: A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections.		1.9810
plaunotol
plaunotol: RN refers to (Z,E,E)-isomer. plaunotol : A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.		7.420diterpenoid;
primary alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		2.0410cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
indocyanine green
[no description available]		2.04101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
codeine
[no description available]		2.7330morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		2.7330homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		6.24550hydrochloride
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		2.0410morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		2.4520morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.7330morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		2.4520organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source. 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6.		2.11107-hydroxyisoflavonesanti-inflammatory agent;
antimutagen;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist;
PPARgamma agonist
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.0410dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.9140morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		2.0410
lysophosphatidylglycerol
lysophosphatidylglycerol : A glycerophosphoglycerol resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylglycerol, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.9610a 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-)
anthramycin
[no description available]		2.0410
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.0410medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0410carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.0410cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.0410cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		2.4520organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.4520phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine
[no description available]		2.7330acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irisquinone
irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.0410
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		2.0410guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
tin
[no description available]		7.0110carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		2.0410dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		1.9510alkali metal atom
oleylamine
oleylamine: promotes fusion of mouse A(9) fibroblasts; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		7.2110
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.3420metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.0410cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		2.4520morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		2.7330cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.4520dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		2.0410azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.0310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.6530
artocarpin lectin
artocarpin lectin: a mannose-specific lectin; from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia; a homotetramic protein distinct from jacalin, another jackfruit lectin; MW 65 kDa; devoid of covalently-attached carbohydrates; consists of 4 isolectins with pI 5 - 6.5; do not confuse with artocarpin flavone. artocarpin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2', and 4', a methoxy group at position 7, a prenyl group at position 3 and a (1E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl group at position 6. Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integrifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.1310monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
streptogramin a
Streptogramin A: A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.		7.11101,3-oxazoles;
cyclic ketone;
enamide;
lactam;
macrolide antibiotic;
macrolide;
pyrroline;
secondary alcohol;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.3820cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.3720monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		2.3520morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		3.411dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone
4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source		2.1110isoflavones
panaxynol
[no description available]		1.9910long-chain fatty alcohol
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.32603-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		3.12501,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.150cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		8.0850cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime
[no description available]		3.1750cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
morusinol
morusinol: extracted from Morus alba inhibits arterial thrombosis and modulates platelet activation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease; structure in first source		2.1710flavones
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.4520cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		2.4110peptide
famotidine
[no description available]		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.1510cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		6.072911,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		2.7530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		1.9510ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		3.0450acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.0410
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		6.9710chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
ceftiofur
[no description available]		2.4620
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		1.9510
cefuzonam
cefuzonam: article gives L-105 as synonym, however L 105 is a rifamycin derivative according to Chemline. cefuzonam : A second generation cephalosporin antibiotic.		6.9610cephalosporinantibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		2.0410azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.4520amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
cilastatin
[no description available]		3.4980carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nitrocefin
nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source		2.3920
buniodyl
buniodyl: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9310cinnamic acids
sibiromycin
[no description available]		2.0410aminoglycoside antibiotic;
hemiaminal;
phenols;
pyrrolobenzodiazepine		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials		1.9910
bay v 3522
[no description available]		1.9710
5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin
5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin: structure in first source		2.1310terpene lactone
ixabepilone
[no description available]		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
pai 039
tiplaxtinin: inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1		2.1510indole-3-acetic acids
lysylphosphatidylglycerol
lysylphosphatidylglycerol: glycerol with two fatty acids plus a lysine-glycerol-phosphate; a major membrane phospholipid of Staphylococcus; the lysine positive charge repels DEFENSINS		2.0510
hylin
[no description available]		2.1110
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.9340penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.0410
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		2.9640cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefclidin
cefclidin: structure given in first source. cefclidin : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (4-carbamoyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		1.9710cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		2.0410ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.84110imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		2.0410
corrole
corrole: structure in first source. corrole : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.		2.610
platensimycin
platensimycin: has antidiabetic and antisteatotic activities; a pentacyclic ketolide (structurally similar to adamantane) connected by an amide bond to 3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; inhibits cellular lipid biosynthesis; discovered while screening compounds from Streptomyces platensis bacteria in a South African soil sample with S. aureus bacteria deficient in FabF protein; structure in first source. platensimycin : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the amino group of 3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with the carboxy group of the oxatetracyclic cage component. It is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces platensis and exhibits inhibitory activity against fatty acid synthase.		2.0510aromatic amide;
cyclic ether;
cyclic ketone;
dihydroxybenzoic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
polycyclic cage		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		2.5220
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.0410artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
sitafloxacin
sitafloxacin: structure in first source		7.610
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		2.0410macrolide lactam
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		2.1710penicillanic acids
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		7.63142biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0410
cefmenoxime
Cefmenoxime: A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmenoxime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.		2.8840cephalosporinantibacterial drug
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
desacetylcefotaxime
desacetylcefotaxime: RN given refers to parent cpd (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(Z)))-isomer		1.9610
5-hydroxydantrolene
5-hydroxydantrolene: dantrolene metabolte		2.4110imidazolidine-2,4-dione
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.		6.581
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.7330
cp 91149
CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source		2.4110
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
wck 771
WCK 771: structure in first source		7.2110
ppi-0903
ceftaroline : A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.		10.622001,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
iminium betaine;
organic phosphoramidate;
oxime O-ether;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
prodrug
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.110
ozenoxacin
ozenoxacin: an antibacterial for treatment of impetigo; structure in first source		2.6620quinolines
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0610aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
fimasartan
fimasartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		2.4110biphenyls
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0410methanesulfonate ester
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.6490
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.0410
etimicin
etimicin: structure in first source. etimicin : An aminoglycoside antibiotic that is gentamycin C1a in which the hydrogen of the amino group at position 1 is substituted by an ethyl group. It is a fourth generation semisynthetic aminoglycoside that has antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections and also effective against aminoglycoside resistant strains.		2.1710amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial agent
nkp 608
[no description available]		2.0410
zeolites
[no description available]		2.1510
ganu
GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure		2.0410
cp-673,451
CP-673,451: is a potent inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor (PDGFR-beta) kinase; structure in first source		2.4110aminoquinoline
machaeriol b
machaeriol B: from the plant Scoparia dulcis; structure in first source		210
afn 1252
API 1252: inhibits bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase; structure in first source		2.0810
chetomin
[no description available]		2.1110
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		7.0710
baci-im
[no description available]		2.7430homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
metamelfalan
[no description available]		2.0410
streptogramin b
Streptogramin B: A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.. pristinamycin IA : A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.		2.5120cyclodepsipeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
tedizolid
DA 7157: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. tedizolid : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.		7.5220carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
pyridines;
tetrazoles		antimicrobial agent;
drug metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.3160nystatins
tedizolid phosphate
tedizolid phosphate: a prodrug of DA-7157; structure in first source. tedizolid phosphate : A phosphate monoester resulting from the formal condensation of equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid with the hydroxy group of tedizolid . It is a prodrug of tedizolid, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.		7.4920carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
phosphate monoester;
pyridines;
tetrazoles		antimicrobial agent;
prodrug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
vindesine
[no description available]		2.4420
cefdinir
Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.		8.8121
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.1710
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		1.9510
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0410
virginiamycin
Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.		5.09140
rhodomyrtone
rhodomyrtone: antibacterial from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa; structure in first source		7.1710
rifamycins
[no description available]		8.3370
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose
[no description available]		2.0410
clove
Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)		2.4820
ro 6-4563
glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion		2.0410monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		1.9610
sch 29482
Sch 29482: penem antibiotic; bactericidal & stable to beta-lactamases; structure given in first source		1.9610
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
pexiganan
[no description available]		2.2510
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		1.9910
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.4220
ly-146032
[no description available]		2.9740heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.4420carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
oritavancin
oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.		7.7630disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		5.69160glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.3520glycoside
perovskite
calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.		2.4110
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination
Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.		2.6730
flucloronide
flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
chitosan
[no description available]		2.9130
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		2.4120inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		1.9510organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		1.9510organic sodium salt
cloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		1.9510organic sodium salt
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		6.6150
quinupristin-dalfopristin
quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively		4.680organic molecular entity
pc190723
PC190723: Antibacterial; an inhibitor of FtsZ with potent and selective anti-staphylococcal activity including methicillin- and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source		2.8930
pf-04691502
[no description available]		2.4110
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		2.0410oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
hainanolide
hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis		2.0410
gliocladic acid
gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source		2.0410p-menthane monoterpenoid
glycolipids
[no description available]		1.9510
pf 04929113
[no description available]		2.4110
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.4820
cleistanthin
cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.		2.0410cleistanthins;
xylose derivative		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hamamelitannin
hamamelitannin: cytotoxic from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana); structure in first source		2.610gallate ester
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		12.36400
sf-2052
dactimicin: related to fortimicin A; structure given in first source		1.9710aminoglycoside
nimorazole
[no description available]		2.0410
pf-4708671
[no description available]		2.4110
bocillin fl
BOCILLIN FL: used for detecting pencillin-binding proteins; structure in first source		2.0810
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.420
leukotoxin
leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate		2.0710
lesinurad
lesinurad: a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. lesinurad : A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.		2.4110aryl sulfide;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
triazoles		uricosuric drug
cefteram
cefteram: structure given in first source. cefteram : A cephalosporin compound having (5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.		1.9710
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.8940ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
coumermycin
coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.		3.5790aromatic amide;
coumarins;
glycoside;
heteroarenecarboxylate ester;
pyrroles		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		7.37640carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		12.411873
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		5.86190
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		6.26290
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		5.9190
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.3520
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		3.2260monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.0410aromatic amide
bactobolin
bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer		2.0410amino acid amide
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.7330heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4520benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		4.16170benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		4.4470
pulvinic acid
pulvinic acid: structure in first source		2.0310butenolide
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		8.9840
elasnin
elasnin: elastase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces noboritoensis		7.4110
tigecycline
[no description available]		8.5780
tetramic acid
tetramic acid : A gamma-lactam that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Despite its simple structure, it was not synthesised until 1972; earlier attempts were later shown to have resulted only in the formation of the isomer 5-imino-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol.		2.0810
bacitracin a
bacitracin A: cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic from Bacillus licheniformis; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #942. bacitracin A : A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin.		1.9710
pf-5274857
1-(4-(5'-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-2'-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)propan-1-one: a potent and selective Smoothened antagonist that penetrates the blood-brain barrier; structure in first source		2.4110
brass
[no description available]		2.1310
cefuroxime axetil
[no description available]		2.0710
2-methoxy-n-(3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzenesulfonamide
2-methoxy-N-(3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzenesulfonamide: a probe for bromo and extra C-terminal domain proteins; structure in first source		2.4110quinazolines
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		4.76310
fortimicin a sulfate
fortimicin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; Abbott-44747 is for disulfate; see also records for fortimicin B & fortimicins; structure in 8th source		1.9710aminoglycoside sulfate salt
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		1.9410
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.3420
daptomycin
[no description available]		10.25622
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		2.3520
delta hemolysin protein, staphylococcus aureus
delta hemolysin protein, Staphylococcus aureus: membrane-damaging peptide of 26 residues from Staph aureus		2.0410
technetium tc 99m medronate
Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.		1.9810
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		4.84110
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		3.5280
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.99402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		1.95105-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
viomycin
[no description available]		1.9410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		8.991050cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		2.4520benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.4420dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.4520purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.73302-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		2.4520piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.45202-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		2.4520imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.7330nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		2.4520formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		6.9610N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0410
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		2.4520carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		2.4110N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine
7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source		2.0410
1-hydroxyphenazine
1-hydroxyphenazine: a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1-hydroxyphenazine : A phenazine carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position.		2.3110phenazines
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		2.0410(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		7.9540cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.0410C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin
[no description available]		2.4520
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		2.0410folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		1.9510nitroso compoundalkylating agent
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		2.0410
paldimycin
paldimycin: used against Chlamydia infections; a complex of paldimycin A and paldimycin B; see also paldimycin A and paldimycin B		2.3720
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source		2.1510
eye
[no description available]		8.2160
lacticin 481
lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis)		2.2110
enterocin
enterocin: antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces candidus var. enterostaticus WS-8096 & Streptomyces viridochromogenes M-127; molecular formula: C22-H20-010; structure		7.5920
nisin z
nisin Z: amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from nisin in a single amino acid		2.2110
vescalagin
vescalagin: structure in first source; castalagin is the (33beta)-isomer of vescalagin		7.3110
dactinomycin
cefozopran: RN given refers to the (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/91. cefozopran : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0110
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		1.9510
temporin
temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source		7.0110
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		7.3920
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		022.662,10842
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		022.662,10842
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		05.69200
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		05.69200
Bacterial Endocarditides
[description not available]		012.241593
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.		012.241593
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		06.59480
Infection, Wound
[description not available]		09.97392
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		05.72190
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		04.5890
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		05.72190
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		04.5890
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		05.370
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		05.370
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		03.2260
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		03.2260
Bacillus anthracis Infection
[description not available]		03.3120
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.		03.3120
Recrudescence
[description not available]		07.26231
Abscess, Epidural
[description not available]		02.8630
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		016.2920511
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		06.84560
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		011.951586
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.420
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.4980
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		07.420
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		013.67403
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		011.951586
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		015.235082
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		015.235082
Pyoderma
Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).		03.97130
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		08.97442
Arthropathies
[description not available]		02.8840
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		03.0440
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		02.8840
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		06.46320
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		06.46320
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		03.4350
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		05.28160
Infectious Endophthalmitis
Infectious condition of the internal eye.		05.49260
Endophthalmitis
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.		05.49260
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		07.77291
Infections, Prosthesis-Related
[description not available]		06.88170
Infection Reactivation
[description not available]		03.7420
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		012.621372
Infections, Soft Tissue
[description not available]		08.41271
Soft Tissue Infections
Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)		08.41271
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		012.898712
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		03.1350
Leg Ulcer
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.		02.9840
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		03.1550
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.4110
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		09.95525
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		09.95525
Back Ache
[description not available]		02.3820
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.940
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		02.5820
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		07.3820
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		07.940
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		113.25934
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		02.4110
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		02.5820
Co-infection
[description not available]		08.1240
Grippe
[description not available]		03.3770
Staphylococcal Pneumonia
[description not available]		09.68511
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		03.3770
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal
Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.		09.68511
Infective Endocarditis
[description not available]		05.85380
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.8940
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.		05.85380
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		07.8940
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		09.53563
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		09.53563
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		08.55191
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		08.55191
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		07.49500
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.4110
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.420
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		07.49500
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.4110
Phlegmon
[description not available]		05.12180
Pyomyositis
An intramuscular suppuration of the large skeletal muscle groups. It is associated with INFECTION such as STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS and PYODERMA. It was known as a tropical disease but is increasing among the immunocompromised (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST). Symptoms include muscle pain, FEVER, and leucocytosis. It has been diagnosed by MRI SCANS.		08.8430
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		010.12180
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		04.0750
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		06.02440
Mastitis
INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.		05.3131
E coli Infections
[description not available]		07.53231
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		07.53231
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.3820
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		06.25330
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.27540
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.6730
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		07.6730
Aneurysm, False
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.		02.5120
Aneurysm, Bacterial
[description not available]		03.0850
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		04.0530
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		04.0530
Necrotizing Pneumonia
[description not available]		07.920
Hemoptysis
Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.		02.4110
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.420
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		04.3780
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		07.23161
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		09.3780
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		07.23161
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		05.9591
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		05.9591
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		04.4670
Central Nervous System Infection
[description not available]		05.4740
Impetigo Contagiosa
[description not available]		04.1960
Impetigo
A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.		09.1960
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		04.3780
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		04.3780
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		08.45461
Sore Throat
[description not available]		05.1841
Lemierre Disease
[description not available]		03.1240
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		05.1841
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		05.97231
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		03.0640
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		03.0640
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		04.5790
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		04.5790
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.6320
Caprine Diseases
[description not available]		02.5920
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.2510
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.4820
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		07.4820
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)		02.2510
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		04.1550
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		03.1350
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		03.1350
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		07.59191
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		07.59191
External Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		03.3360
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.		08.3360
Fournier Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		07.2510
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		05.6130
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		05.6130
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.6620
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.0750
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.6620
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		05.44250
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		02.3920
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.44250
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.4110
Flexor Tendon Entrapment
[description not available]		02.4110
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		03.420
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.		07.7930
Dermatoses
[description not available]		03.67100
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		03.67100
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		03.0140
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.630
Bone Tuberculosis
[description not available]		07.3820
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.630
Abscess, Psoas
[description not available]		02.8830
Fasciitis, Necrotizing
A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.		03.4870
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		04.0250
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		010.86619
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		04.0250
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		010.86619
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		06.25160
Anti-GBM Disease
[description not available]		03.2310
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		06.25160
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease
An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis.		08.2310
Embolus
[description not available]		02.6630
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		07.6630
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.520
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		07.520
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.3110
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.3110
Bone Diseases, Infectious
Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.		02.3110
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.		02.6620
Ritter Disease
[description not available]		02.730
Bacterial Eye Infections
[description not available]		07.14321
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		04.66100
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
[description not available]		03.940
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.6830
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.6830
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated
Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by bacterial CROSS INFECTION in hospitals.		03.940
Segond Fracture
[description not available]		02.7630
Tibial Fractures
Fractures of the TIBIA.		02.7630
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		012.63668
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		03.840
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		06.91152
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		119.63668
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		03.840
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		06.91152
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		05.51150
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.1510
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Amnionitis
[description not available]		07.1710
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		02.1710
Embryopathies
[description not available]		02.1710
Chorioamnionitis
INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.		07.1710
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		03.6730
Cerebral Ventriculitis
Inflammation of CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.		02.1710
Communicable Diseases, Imported
Infectious diseases originating in one geographically delineated ecosystem that are carried (by travel or immigration) to another geographically delineated ecosystem by an infected individual, animal, or disease vector.		03.5611
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		04.8581
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		02.1710
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		09.52392
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		014.52392
Empyema, Thoracic
[description not available]		02.6730
Empyema, Pleural
Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.		02.6730
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		07.1710
Bacterial Conjunctivitides
[description not available]		04.9181
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial
Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.		04.9181
Flavobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE.		02.2110
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		02.1710
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.9850
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.9850
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.2110
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.2110
Angiitis
[description not available]		03.3220
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		08.3220
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		09.15371
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		09.15371
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.2110
Chylopericardium
[description not available]		02.8840
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		04.4790
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.		07.8840
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		04.4790
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		03.250
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.940
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.940
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.0810
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		03.83120
Pyrexia
[description not available]		08.65194
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.0810
Abscess, Retropharyngeal
[description not available]		02.0810
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		08.65194
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.0810
Boils
[description not available]		04.7370
Aortic Incompetence
[description not available]		02.3820
Drug Abuse, Intravenous
[description not available]		06.04101
Cardiac Free Wall Rupture
[description not available]		02.110
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).		02.3820
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		04.13160
Action Tremor
[description not available]		02.0810
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		07.0810
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0810
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		014.44315
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.0810
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		02.3820
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		04.4890
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		02.3820
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		04.4890
Candida Infection
[description not available]		03.4680
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		05.7371
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4680
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		05.7371
Epidermitis, Exudative of Swine
[description not available]		02.110
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		04.9690
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		04.9690
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.9750
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		08.9750
Catheter-Associated Infections
[description not available]		04.3970
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		04.1560
Discitis
Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.		02.9340
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4520
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.4520
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.1110
Ecthyma
An ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.1110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.6930
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.1310
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		07.1310
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.		03.1550
Keratitis, Ulcerative
[description not available]		04.2870
Corneal Ulcer
Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.		04.2870
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		05.58110
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		04.0150
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		04.0150
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		05.58110
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.1110
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.1110
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.1110
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.1110
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.1110
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		03.5930
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.68100
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.81130
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		04.81130
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		03.3770
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		07.93351
IgA Vasculitis
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.		02.7330
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		02.1310
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.14111
Pelvic Pain
Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.		07.1310
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		05.14111
Near Drowning
Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable.		02.1310
Pink Eye
[description not available]		03.67100
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		08.67100
Cellulitis, Orbital
[description not available]		02.1510
Panophthalmitis
Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.		07.3920
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.3820
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.3820
Food Poisoning, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		03.8240
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		03.3320
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		03.3320
Sinusitis, Maxillary
[description not available]		02.0410
Maxillary Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.		02.0410
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.0410
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.0410
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.4320
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		03.3120
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		03.3120
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		03.0550
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		08.0550
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		04.1960
Pleural Diseases
Diseases involving the PLEURA.		02.0510
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		04.1960
Orbital Diseases
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		02.7230
Bacterial Meningitides
[description not available]		03.2360
Meningitis, Bacterial
Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.		03.2360
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		06.6121
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		06.6121
Anterior Cervical Pain
[description not available]		02.0510
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		03.8440
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		03.8440
Neck Pain
Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.		02.0510
Heart Valve Diseases
Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).		03.5790
Animal Diseases
Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.0610
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.0510
Abscess, Intracranial, Subdural
[description not available]		02.0510
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		06.92400
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		06.92400
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.3920
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.3920
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		02.7130
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.		02.0610
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.6530
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.6530
Cyst
[description not available]		02.3820
Constrictive Pericarditis
[description not available]		02.3820
C-C Fistula
[description not available]		02.0710
Empyema
Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.		05.47161
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.1360
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.1360
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.0710
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.0710
Orthopedic Disorders
[description not available]		02.9910
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.		02.9910
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.0710
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.0710
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Berger Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		02.0710
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.0710
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.0710
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.		02.3820
Mediastinitis
Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs.		08.630
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0110
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0110
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		03.5930
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		03.5930
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		03.2160
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		03.8140
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.0110
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.0110
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.0110
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		03.320
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		06.86161
Ache
[description not available]		02.3520
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.3520
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		04.8381
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		09.56572
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		014.56572
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.6330
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.6330
Sprains
[description not available]		02.6330
Sprains and Strains
A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.		02.6330
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		06.04290
Bronchial Diseases
Diseases involving the BRONCHI.		03.0350
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		03.1960
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		09.9491
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.8640
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		07.8640
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		01.9310
Infection
[description not available]		08.36351
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		08.36351
Ludwig's Angina
Severe cellulitis of the submaxillary space with secondary involvement of the perimandibular spaces. It usually results from infection in the lower molar area or from an infection following a penetrating injury to the MOUTH FLOOR.		01.9310
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.8510
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.2540
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		03.7840
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		03.0550
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		01.9310
Listeria Cerebritis
[description not available]		01.9310
Brain Emboli
[description not available]		02.3420
Air Embolism
[description not available]		02.3420
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.6330
Bone Inflammation
[description not available]		03.0450
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A
[description not available]		03.5530
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		08.5530
Meningitis, Viral
Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)		02.3420
Meningitis, Meningococcal
A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)		03.5530
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		03.5530
Abscess, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.74110
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		03.3270
Lung Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		08.74110
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		03.3270
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		01.9310
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		02.3520
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		03.0450
Acantholysis Bullosa
[description not available]		01.9310
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		01.9310
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3370
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0450
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		01.9310
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.		01.9310
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		01.9310
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		03.3370
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		01.9310
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.3420
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		03.5530
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		01.9310
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.3420
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		03.5530
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		01.9410
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		07.6330
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		01.9410
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		02.3520
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		02.3520
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		07.3520
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.3391
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		06.3391
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		04.3680
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		01.9410
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		02.3420
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		03.4580
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		02.3420
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		03.4580
Azotaemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		03.96140
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		02.3520
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		02.8740
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		01.9410
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		01.9410
Carbuncle
An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration.		02.3720
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.6430
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.6430
Infections, Proteus
[description not available]		04.2470
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.5530
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.5530
Brain Abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)		05.35140
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		01.9410
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		06.04111
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		01.9410
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		01.9310
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.8640
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		02.3420
Dysentery
Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.		01.9310
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		03.5530
Great Pox
[description not available]		03.5530
Egyptian Ophthalmia
[description not available]		01.9310
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		01.9310
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.8640
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		02.3420
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		03.5530
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		08.5530
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		01.9410
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		01.9410
Psychoses
[description not available]		01.9410
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		01.9410
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		01.9410
Bacterial Endocarditides, Subacute
[description not available]		02.6330
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		03.0650
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.3520
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		02.3520
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		01.9410
Chest Injuries
[description not available]		01.9410
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		01.9410
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.6330
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		01.9410
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		09.7270
Erysipelas
An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.		03.2360
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.8640
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		07.8640
Atelectasis
[description not available]		04.2441
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		02.6330
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		02.6330
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		01.9410
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		05.36140
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		02.3520
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		05.36140
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal
[description not available]		01.9410
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		01.9410
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		03.9650
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.6330
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.6330
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		04.2470
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.6430
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		02.6330
Acute Rheumatic Fever
[description not available]		03.5530
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		01.9410
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		03.5630
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		03.5630
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3520
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		03.65100
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		04.5860
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		03.65100
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		04.5860
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		08.260
Pus
[description not available]		03.5590
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Cavernous Sinus Thrombophlebitis
[description not available]		02.6530
Shingles
[description not available]		03.2720
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		01.9410
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.2720
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		01.9410
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		01.9410
Palsy
[description not available]		01.9410
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.4790
Acquired Nasal Deformities
[description not available]		01.9410
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		01.9410
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		04.4790
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.3520
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.7940
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.0110
Silicosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.		02.0210
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe
[description not available]		02.0210
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.		07.0210
Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.		04.0431
Ear Infection
[description not available]		02.3720
Dacryoadenitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		04.5840
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		04.5840
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		02.420
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		02.0310
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		02.6730
Ectopic Ossification
[description not available]		02.0310
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.0310
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		02.0310
Arachnidism
[description not available]		02.0310
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0310
Pulmonary Eosinophilia
A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.		02.0310
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0310
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0310
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		05.1741
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		05.1741
Episcleritis
[description not available]		02.0310
Pterygium
An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.0310
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.		02.0310
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids.		07.6730
Inhalation Injury, Smoke
[description not available]		02.0410
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.3820
Abscess, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.9750
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.3820
Liver Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		03.9750
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.0310
Mastoiditis
Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.		01.9410
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		01.9410
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		01.9410
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		03.5530
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		03.2160
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		03.5530
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		01.9410
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9410
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.9431
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		04.9431
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		04.7550
Infections, Legionella pneumophila
[description not available]		04.3530
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.8810
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		04.7550
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.8810
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		02.8810
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		02.8810
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		02.8810
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		02.8810
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		02.8810
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		02.8810
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.3720
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Granulomatosis, Wegener's
[description not available]		01.9610
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.3720
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		01.9610
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.		01.9610
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		02.3620
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		07.3620
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.3620
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.3620
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		03.4680
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		03.4680
Meniscitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Kidney Papillary Necrosis
A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.		01.9610
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.6530
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		03.7521
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		01.9610
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		01.9610
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		02.3520
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		01.9510
Dermal Sinus
[description not available]		01.9510
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		02.8710
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.8710
Corynebacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.		03.5630
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		02.8710
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.8710
Hives
[description not available]		02.6430
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		02.6430
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.3411
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		01.9610
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		01.9610
Infection, Puerperal
[description not available]		04.8481
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		03.0550
Focal Infection
An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.		01.9510
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		03.0550
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.6430
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		01.9510
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.6430
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Mandibular Diseases
Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.		01.9810
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		01.9910
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		01.9910
Bacteroides Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.		04.4450
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.6430
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		02.3720
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		03.9750
Buckley Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		02.3720
Job Syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Most cases are sporadic. Of the rare familial forms, the dominantly inherited subtype has additional connective tissue, dental and skeletal involvement that the recessive type does not share.		01.9910
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		03.9750
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.3820
Microbial Superinvasion
[description not available]		01.9910
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.3820
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.9110
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.9110
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		09.9591
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		01.9910
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		01.9910
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		01.9910
Femoral Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.		0210
Sycosis
[description not available]		0210
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		0710
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		0210
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		0210
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		0210
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		0210
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		0210
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		0210
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		0210
Diseases of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		0210
Abscess, Abdominal
[description not available]		02.0110
Abdominal Abscess
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0110
Bleb
[description not available]		02.0110
Tracheitis
INFLAMMATION of the TRACHEA that is usually associated with RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS.		02.6630
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		02.3620
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		02.3620
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		06.9510
Urethritis
Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.		03.5630
Catatonic Rigidity
[description not available]		01.9510
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)		01.9510
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		01.9510
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		01.9510
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		03.2720
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Type B
[description not available]		03.7420
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		03.2720
Eye Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.		03.5630
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		01.9510
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		01.9510
Endomyometritis
Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.		05.3553
Abortion, Septic
Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.		04.0231
Endometritis
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.		010.3553
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.3411
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.3411
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.0450
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		01.9510
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.3520
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		01.9510
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.3520
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		01.9510
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		01.9510
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		01.9510
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		01.9510
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		01.9510
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		01.9510
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		02.6430
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		03.5630
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3520
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection
[description not available]		04.3780
Gonorrhea
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.		04.3780
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		01.9510
Myelopathy
[description not available]		02.3520
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		01.9510
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		02.3520
Tricuspid Incompetence
[description not available]		02.3520
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		01.9510
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		01.9510
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		01.9510
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		01.9510
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		01.9510
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		06.9510
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.		01.9510
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.3520
Injuries, Leg
[description not available]		01.9510
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.3520
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.3520
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		01.9510
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		01.9510
Adenitis, Salivary Gland
[description not available]		01.9510
Salivary Gland Diseases
Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.		01.9510
Thoracic Diseases
Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.		01.9510
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		01.9510
Femur Neck Fractures
[description not available]		01.9510
Femoral Neck Fractures
Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.		01.9510
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		04.0331
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		02.3520
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		03.2820
Injuries, Knee
[description not available]		02.8610
Wounds, Gunshot
Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.		02.8610
Ankle Injuries
Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.		02.8610
Knee Injuries
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.		02.8610
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		03.2820
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9510
Injuries, Eye
[description not available]		02.3520
Eye Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.		02.3520
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		01.9510
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		03.2820
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		01.9810
Actinomycetales Infections
Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.		01.9810
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		01.9810
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		01.9710
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Eye Infections, Fungal
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.		01.9710
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		01.9710
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		08.3611
Endometrial Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Uterine Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.		01.9710
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		03.7621
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		03.7621
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		01.9710
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		01.9710
Parotiditis
[description not available]		01.9710
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		06.9710
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		01.9710
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		02.3620
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.3620
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.3620
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		01.9710
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		01.9710
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.6430
Bites
[description not available]		03.7521
Bites, Human
Bites inflicted by humans.		03.3511
Hand Injuries
General or unspecified injuries to the hand.		03.7421
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.3620
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		01.9710
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.3620
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		01.9710
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.3620
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.3620
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		06.9710
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		01.9610
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		01.9610
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		02.6530
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		02.6530
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		01.9610
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		01.9410
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		01.9410
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		01.9410
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		01.9410
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		01.9410
Paratyphoid Fever
A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.		01.9410
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		01.9510
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		01.9410
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		01.9410
Arthus Phenomenon
[description not available]		01.9410
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		01.9510
Exomphalos
[description not available]		02.3520
Alactasia
[description not available]		01.9510
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		01.9510
Hernia, Umbilical
A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.		02.3520
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		01.9510
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		01.9510
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		01.9410
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		01.9410
Acute Membranous Gingivitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Paronychia
An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)		01.9410
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		01.9410
Fungal Lung Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		01.9410
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		01.9410
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		01.9410
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		02.3520
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		01.9410
Actinomyces Infections
[description not available]		02.3520
Arbovirus Infections
Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.		01.9410
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory
[description not available]		01.9410
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Infections, Meningococcal
[description not available]		02.8640
Infectious Myelitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Infections, Rickettsia
[description not available]		01.9410
Meningitis, Tuberculous
[description not available]		01.9410
Encephalomyelitis
A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.		01.9410
Meningococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.		02.8640
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)		01.9410
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		01.9410
Adenoma, Acidophil
A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		01.9410
Botulism, Infantile
[description not available]		01.9410
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		01.9410
Botulism
A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)		01.9410
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.8610
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		02.8610
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		02.8610
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		02.8610
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		02.3520
Adenovirus Infections
[description not available]		01.9510
Coxsackie Virus Infections
[description not available]		01.9510
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.		01.9510
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		01.9410
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		01.9410
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		01.9410
Itching
[description not available]		01.9410
Emesis
[description not available]		01.9410
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		01.9410
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		01.9410
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		02.3420
Carditis
[description not available]		02.3520
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.3520
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		01.9510
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		01.9510
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		01.9510
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		01.9510
Bed Sores
[description not available]		01.9510
Pressure Ulcer
An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.		01.9510
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		01.9510
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		01.9410
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		01.9510
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		01.9510
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.8610
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.8610
Blennorrhea, Inclusion
[description not available]		02.8610
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion
An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.		02.8610
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.3520
Rupture
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.		01.9410
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.3520
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9410
Diaphragmatic Hernia
[description not available]		01.9510
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		01.9510
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		07.8640
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		01.9510
Dandy-Walker Complex
[description not available]		01.9510
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		01.9510
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		01.9510
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		01.9510
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		01.9410
Abscess, Subdiaphragmatic
[description not available]		02.8610
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		03.2620
Atrial Septal Defect
[description not available]		01.9410
Rheumatism
[description not available]		02.8510
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		02.8510
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		01.9410
Asystole
[description not available]		02.3520
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		02.3520
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.3520
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		01.9410
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		01.9410
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		01.9410
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		01.9410
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		01.9410
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		01.9410
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		01.9410
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		01.9410
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		01.9410
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		01.9410
Dysphagia
[description not available]		01.9410
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		02.3520
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		01.9410
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		01.9410
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3520
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		01.9410
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		01.9410
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		01.9410
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		01.9410
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		01.9410
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		01.9410
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		01.9410
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		01.9410
Infarct
[description not available]		01.9410
Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9410
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.3520
Gas Gangrene
A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.		01.9410
Breathlessness
[description not available]		01.9410
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		01.9410
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		01.9410
Ureteral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETERS.		01.9410
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		01.9410
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		01.9410
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		01.9410
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		01.9410
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		01.9410
Pityriasis
A name originally applied to a group of skin diseases characterized by the formation of fine, branny scales, but now used only with a modifier. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Acquired Meningocele
[description not available]		01.9410
Hematoma, Subdural
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.		02.3420
Birth Injuries
Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.		01.9410
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9410
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		01.9410
Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Sporotrichosis
The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.		01.9410