piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination profile

Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	23695841
SCHEMBL ID	18249818
MeSH ID	M0226081

Synonym
zosyn
zosyn in plastic container
piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium
piperacillin-tazobactam combination
zosyn injection
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((2r)-2-(((4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl)amino)-2-phenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, sodium salt (1:1), (2s,5r,6r)-, mixt. with (2s,3s,5r)-3-methyl-7-oxo-3-(1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmeth
pipercillin sodium - tazobactam sodium
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
157044-21-8
zobactin
SCHEMBL18249818
TUPFOYXHAYOHIB-YCAIQWGJSA-M
sodium;(2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate;(2s,3s,5r)-3-methyl-4,4,7-trioxo-3-(triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4lambda6-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The adverse event rate was non-significantly lower in the piperacillin/ tazobactam group compared to the co-amoxiclav/aminoglycoside group (2% vs."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerance of piperacillin/tazobactam compared to co-amoxiclav plus an aminoglycoside in the treatment of severe pneumonia. Grossenbacher, M; Imhof, E; Speich, R; Vogt, M; Zimmerli, W, 1998)	0.3
" Drug-related adverse events for both study drugs were comparable in frequency and type."	( An open-label, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam for infected diabetic foot ulcers. Boghossian, J; Caputo, W; Dana, A; Gray, S; Harkless, L; Pollak, R; Wu, D, 2005)	0.33
"Although both study drugs provide safe and effective empiric treatment for moderate-to-severe infected diabetic foot ulcers, piperacillin/tazobactam has the advantage of covering Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteriologic success rate of 85."	( An open-label, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam for infected diabetic foot ulcers. Boghossian, J; Caputo, W; Dana, A; Gray, S; Harkless, L; Pollak, R; Wu, D, 2005)	0.33
" There were no clinical, laboratory or cranial ultrasound adverse effects associated with P/T use."	( The use of piperacillin/tazobactam (in association with amikacin) in neonatal sepsis: efficacy and safety data. Flidel-Rimon, O; Friedman, S; Leibovitz, E; Shinwell, ES, 2006)	0.33
" The frequencies of drug-related adverse events, most commonly diarrhea and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels, were similar in both treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of ertapenem versus piperacillin-tazobactam for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections requiring surgical intervention. Asperger, W; Chan, CY; Dela Pena, AS; DiNubile, MJ; Giezek, H; Kafka, R; Köckerling, F; Raz, R; Shivaprakash, M; Vrijens, F; Warren, B, 2006)	0.33
" There were no statistical differences between the groups in serious drug-related clinical adverse events, drug-related clinical adverse experiences leading to study discontinuation, or mortality."	( Randomized, multicenter, double-blind study of efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam in treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults. Abramson, MA; Jensen, EH; Namias, N; Solomkin, JS; Tomassini, JE, 2007)	0.34
" The study results in Japanese patients with febrile neutropenia demonstrate that tazobactam/piperacillin treatment is efficacious and safe in adults."	( Efficacy and safety of tazobactam/piperacillin as an empirical treatment for the patients of adult and child with febrile neutropenia in Japan. Akiyama, N; Kanda, Y; Saito, M; Tamura, K, 2015)	0.42
"We conclude that cefepime monotherapy and piperacillin-tazobactam are equally efficacious and safe in treating patients with febrile neutropenia."	( A clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefepime monotherapy versus piperacillin-tazobactam in patients of paediatric age group with febrile neutropenia in a tertiary care centre of north India. Aamir, M; Abrol, P; Punia, H; Sharma, D, 2016)	0.43
"To relate simulated piperacillin exposure with adverse events (AEs) in infants using EHR data, we identified infants discharged from 333 neonatal intensive care units managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group between 1997 and 2012."	( Use of Population Pharmacokinetics and Electronic Health Records to Assess Piperacillin-Tazobactam Safety in Infants. Clark, R; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CP; Kelly, MS; Ku, LC; Salerno, S; Smith, PB, 2017)	0.46
"We aimed to find the incidence and risk factors of hematologic adverse effects of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP)."	( Hematologic Adverse Effects of Prolonged Piperacillin-Tazobactam Use in Adults Başaran, S; Benli, A; Çağatay, A; Eraksoy, H; Özsüt, H; Şimşek-Yavuz, S, 2018)	0.48
"Longer duration of therapy, combination with other antibiotics, younger age with fewer comorbidities, and IHEC could result in hematologic adverse effects in patients treated with TZP."	( Hematologic Adverse Effects of Prolonged Piperacillin-Tazobactam Use in Adults Başaran, S; Benli, A; Çağatay, A; Eraksoy, H; Özsüt, H; Şimşek-Yavuz, S, 2018)	0.48
" However, evidence of efficacy remains limited, and adverse events can be associated with its use."	( Case Report: Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient with COVID-19. Antunes de Brito, CA; Falcão, MB; Filgueiras Filho, NM; Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti, L, 2020)	0.56
" A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate adverse drug reactions after administration of a single dose of IVP piperacillin/tazobactam through a peripheral line in an emergency department from August 2016 through November 2017."	( Safety and tolerability of i.v. push piperacillin/tazobactam within an emergency department. Flack, T; Hays, WB, 2020)	0.56
"IVP administration of piperacillin/tazobactam through a peripheral site is safe and tolerable for adult patients."	( Safety and tolerability of i.v. push piperacillin/tazobactam within an emergency department. Flack, T; Hays, WB, 2020)	0.56
" Its hematologic adverse reactions are rare and the severity can be mild to life-threatening."	( Hematologic adverse effects induced by piperacillin-tazobactam: a systematic review of case reports. He, Z; Huang, J; Wang, Q; Wei, Y; Wu, X, 2020)	0.56
" The primary outcome was treatment success without modification; the secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs), all-cause mortality, and new infections."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of antipseudomonal β-lactams for pediatric febrile neutropenia: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Chen, X; Guo, S; Li, Y; Liang, X; Su, H; Tan, X; Xi, J, 2021)	0.62
"In terms of adverse events, the safety of PTZ was higher than that of meropenem in the treatment of cUTIs."	( Efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam compared with meropenem in treating complicated urinary tract infections including acute pyelonephritis due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Cao, SS; Cui, B; Cui, F; Cui, J; Fan, BY; Fan, TT; Guan, Y; Ji, B; Li, MY; Li, SR; Wang, JW; Wang, L; Yan, CY; Zhang, W, 2023)	0.91
"In vivo microdialysis was well tolerated in piglets and children, with no significant adverse events reported."	( Microdialysis as a safe and feasible method to study target-site piperacillin-tazobactam disposition in septic piglets and children. Colman, R; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Devreese, M; Dhont, E; Hermans, E; Vande Walle, J; Verougstraete, N; Zeitlinger, M, 2023)	0.91
"Microdialysis is a safe and applicable method for the measurement of tissue drug concentrations in piglets and children."	( Microdialysis as a safe and feasible method to study target-site piperacillin-tazobactam disposition in septic piglets and children. Colman, R; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Devreese, M; Dhont, E; Hermans, E; Vande Walle, J; Verougstraete, N; Zeitlinger, M, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of piperacillin and tazobactam were evaluated and were similar to previous reports."	( Pharmacokinetics of tazobactam M1 metabolite after administration of piperacillin/tazobactam in subjects with renal impairment. Bansal, S; Doepner, M; Halstenson, CE; Johnson, CA; Keane, WF; Onorato, JJ; Sia, L; Tantillo, K; Wong, MO; Zimmerman, SW, 1994)	0.29
" Pharmacodynamic principles suggest that a similar efficacy can be realized with extended dosing intervals when a larger dose (e."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375G Q4H and 4.5G Q6H. Capitano, B; Kim, MK; Mattoes, HM; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R; Xuan, D, 2002)	0.31
" According to pharmacokinetic modelling, the daily dose was reduced by 33% in patients receiving continuous infusion compared with intermittent infusion."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam: intermittent dosing versus continuous infusion. Ackermann, T; Bertram, N; Buck, C; Derendorf, H; Paar, WD; Sauerbruch, T, 2005)	0.33
" Ten thousand patients were simulated based on ESBL minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from our laboratory (N=39) and on pharmacokinetic data from peer-reviewed literature."	( Pharmacodynamics of intermittent and continuous infusion piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Burgess, DS; Frei, CR; Reese, AM, 2005)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, obtained from previously published studies in healthy volunteers were used to simulate the %T > MIC for 10,000 patients receiving imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of beta-lactam antibiotics for the empiric treatment of secondary peritonitis: a report from the OPTAMA program. Kotapati, S; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2005)	0.33
"To compare the probability of achieving specific pharmacodynamic exposures of commonly used intravenous antibiotics for the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia against those pathogens most commonly implicated in the disease."	( Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a report from the OPTAMA Program. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sun, HK, 2005)	0.33
" The probabilities of each drug and dosing regimen in achieving pharmacodynamic targets were calculated."	( Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a report from the OPTAMA Program. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sun, HK, 2005)	0.33
"The bactericidal exposures necessary for positive clinical outcomes among skin and soft tissue infections are largely dependent on interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and pathogen drug susceptibility."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam for empiric therapy of skin and soft tissue infections: a report from the OPTAMA Program. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Ong, CT, 2005)	0.33
"A pharmacodynamic model was used to generate supportive data comparing tigecycline with other broad-spectrum agents against pathogens implicated in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)."	( A pharmacodynamic simulation to assess tigecycline efficacy for hospital-acquired pneumonia compared with other common intravenous antibiotics. Dowzicky, M; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2008)	0.35
"This randomized crossover study in healthy participants assessed pharmacokinetic interactions between telavancin, aztreonam, and piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic drug interactions following concomitant administration of telavancin with aztreonam or piperacillin/tazobactam in healthy participants. Barriere, SL; Goldberg, MR; Kinzig, M; Kitt, MM; Sörgel, F; Wong, SL, 2009)	0.35
"5 g every 8 h (q8h), infused over 4 h, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental methods."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients. Cheatham, SC; Kays, MB; Shea, KM; Smith, DW; Sowinski, KM; Wack, MF, 2009)	0.35
" Alternative dosing regimens, which may include administration by extended or continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam as a mechanism to increase the likelihood of pharmacodynamic target attainment, are described."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of piperacillin-tazobactam. Hayashi, Y; Lipman, J; Paterson, DL; Roberts, JA, 2010)	0.36
" This study measured the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of piperacillin-tazobactam in patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy using contemporary equipment and prescriptions."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam in 42 patients treated with concomitant CRRT. Bauer, SR; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Salem, C; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using standard equations."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam in 42 patients treated with concomitant CRRT. Bauer, SR; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Salem, C; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2012)	0.38
"052 h(-1)) were highly variable, and clinical parameters could explain only a small fraction of the large variability in pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam in 42 patients treated with concomitant CRRT. Bauer, SR; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Salem, C; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2012)	0.38
" Many patients did not achieve pharmacodynamic targets, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring might optimize therapy."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam in 42 patients treated with concomitant CRRT. Bauer, SR; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Salem, C; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2012)	0.38
"While extended infusions of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) are increasingly used in practice, the effect of infusion on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of TZP has not been widely assessed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections. Butterfield, JM; Drusano, GL; Felton, TW; Hope, WW; Kwa, AL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, BM, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed for four prolonged-infusion dosing regimens."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese patients. Cheatham, SC; Chung, CE; Fleming, MR; Healy, DP; Humphrey, ML; Kays, MB; Shea, KM, 2013)	0.39
"To develop population pharmacokinetic (PK) models for piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and infants of less than 2 months of age in order to determine the appropriate dosing regimen and provide a rational basis for the development of preliminary dosing guidelines suitable for this population."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Cao, D; Cao, Y; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, Q; Li, Z; Shi, W; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
"56 mg/kg/dose piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 or 12 h evaluated in this study achieved the pharmacodynamic target (free piperacillin concentrations >4 mg/L for more than 50 % of the dosing interval) in about 67 % of infants."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Cao, D; Cao, Y; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, Q; Li, Z; Shi, W; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
"This was a prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic study executed at the medical and surgical intensive care unit at a large academic medical center."	( Meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam prescribing in critically ill patients: does augmented renal clearance affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment when extended infusions are used? Carlier, M; Carrette, S; De Waele, JJ; Decruyenaere, J; Depuydt, P; Hoste, E; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Stove, V; Verstraete, A; Wallis, SC, 2013)	0.39
"We obtained data from 61 patients and observed extensive pharmacokinetic variability."	( Meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam prescribing in critically ill patients: does augmented renal clearance affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment when extended infusions are used? Carlier, M; Carrette, S; De Waele, JJ; Decruyenaere, J; Depuydt, P; Hoste, E; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Stove, V; Verstraete, A; Wallis, SC, 2013)	0.39
"To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of piperacillin in morbidly obese, surgical intensive care patients."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of piperacillin administered with tazobactam in critically ill, morbidly obese surgical patients. Allen, N; Fish, DN; Newell, M; Rafferty, KD; Sturm, AW; Toschlog, E; Waibel, B, 2014)	0.4
" Serum piperacillin concentrations were determined by using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay; these concentrations were used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters, and 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of piperacillin administered with tazobactam in critically ill, morbidly obese surgical patients. Allen, N; Fish, DN; Newell, M; Rafferty, KD; Sturm, AW; Toschlog, E; Waibel, B, 2014)	0.4
" Population pharmacokinetic models were fitted to the data utilizing first-order, Michaelis-Menten (MM) and parallel first-order/MM clearance."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with cystic fibrosis-related acute pulmonary exacerbations. Beegle, S; Butterfield, JM; Farkas, J; Lodise, TP; Pai, MP; Rosen, J, 2014)	0.4
"Piperacillin/tazobactam is a frequently prescribed antibiotic in pediatric intensive care units, but pharmacokinetic data to justify the optimal piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimen are sparse in critically ill children."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children. Cies, JJ; Kuti, JL; Schlichting, C; Shankar, V, 2014)	0.4
"These are the first pharmacokinetic data of piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin component) in critically ill pediatric patients (1-6 years of age)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children. Cies, JJ; Kuti, JL; Schlichting, C; Shankar, V, 2014)	0.4
"Population pharmacokinetic models have been developed and validated for piperacillin and tazobactam."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Asín-Prieto, E; Isla, A; Maynar, J; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Sánchez-Izquierdo, JÁ; Soraluce, A; Trocóniz, IF, 2014)	0.4
" The following pharmacokinetic measurements were obtained: maximum concentration, 94."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in cancer patients with hematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. Álvarez, JC; Cortés, JA; Cuervo, SI; Díaz, JA; Garzón, JR; Gómez, JC; Sánchez, R; Silva, E, 2013)	0.39
"Patients with FN after receiving chemotherapy exhibited significant variations in the pharmacokinetic parameters of piperacillin compared with healthy individuals; specifically, FN patients demonstrated an increase in t1(/2) and decreased CL."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in cancer patients with hematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. Álvarez, JC; Cortés, JA; Cuervo, SI; Díaz, JA; Garzón, JR; Gómez, JC; Sánchez, R; Silva, E, 2013)	0.39
"Since antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens against current first line agents has affected the management of severe urinary tract infection, we determined the likelihood that antibiotic regimens achieve bactericidal pharmacodynamic exposures using Monte Carlo simulation for five antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, and meropenem) commonly prescribed as initial empirical treatment of inpatients with severe community acquired urinary tract infections."	( Pharmacodynamic profiling of commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs against Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract. Cuba, GT; Kiffer, CR; Luchesi, LJ; Patekoski, KS; Pignatari, AC, )	0.13
" The purpose of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for piperacillin in burn patients and to predict the probability of target attainment (PTA) using MICs and concentrations simulated from the PK model."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of piperacillin in burn patients. Han, S; Hong, T; Jeon, S; Lee, J; Paek, J; Woo, H; Yim, DS, 2014)	0.4
"This pharmacokinetic study included 21 pediatric (age 3-10 years) patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam to treat fever with neutropenia."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia. Cies, JJ; Jain, J; Kuti, JL, 2015)	0.42
"In children with fever and neutropenia, piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens that are administered every 4 hr or that employ prolonged or continuous infusions should be considered to optimize pharmacodynamic exposure."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia. Cies, JJ; Jain, J; Kuti, JL, 2015)	0.42
" Drug exposure was expressed as the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of the drug to the MIC (fAUC/MIC) (VAN) or the time in a 24-h period that the drug concentration for the free, unbound fraction exceeded the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (fT(>MIC)) (SAM and TZP) and linked to the change in log10 CFU/thigh."	( An optimized mouse thigh infection model for enterococci and its impact on antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. Agudelo, M; Gonzalez, JM; Rodriguez, CA; Vesga, O; Zuluaga, AF, 2015)	0.42
" There were no significant differences in serum concentrations or pharmacokinetic parameters between ECMO and non-ECMO patients, including Vd [0."	( β-Lactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: A case-control study. Antonucci, E; Beumier, M; Cristallini, S; de Backer, D; Donadello, K; Jacobs, F; Roberts, JA; Rondelet, B; Scolletta, S; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2015)	0.42
" The bile drug concentration-time data were processed by software to figure out the pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum concentration (C(max)), peak time (T(max)), half-life time (T(1/2)), clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (VD)."	( [Experimental study on concentrations and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in bile and evaluation of their microbicidal potential]. Lai, J; Li, S; Liang, L; Peng, B; Wang, Z; Zheng, J, 2014)	0.4
"The study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of piperacillin (PIP) and tazobactam (TAZ) that explain pharmacokinetic variability and to propose optimized dosage regimens in patients with nosocomial infections."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Patients with Nosocomial Infections. Chen, R; Qian, CY; Qian, Q; Sun, MR; Wang, LY; Wang, ML; Zou, SL, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of piperacillin-tazobactam administered as a 4-hour infusion in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
"Prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
" Regarding piperacillin pharmacokinetic parameters, the median (interquartile range) minimum unbound plasma concentration was 65."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
"Administration of a 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam was associated with a favorable pharmacodynamic profile in patients undergoing CRRT."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
"This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicentre pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study (DALI), which recruited a large cohort of critically ill patients from 68 ICUs across 10 countries."	( Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and patient outcomes? An observation from the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DA Abdul-Aziz, MH; Akova, M; Bassetti, M; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Dulhunty, J; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.43
" PK variables: total and renal clearance (CLtot, CLR), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (T1/2) were calculated, followed by glomerular filtration rate (MDRD) and cumulative fluid balance (CFB-total fluid volume based on 24-h registered fluid intake minus output)."	( A pilot study on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in critically ill patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam. Bezouška, J; Havel, E; Kaška, M; Malbrain, ML; Martínková, J; Šafránek, P, 2016)	0.43
"9 m(2) AN69 membranes); and (ii) for the treatment of bacteria with high susceptibility to piperacillin (MIC <4 mg/L) or for the attainment of a more traditional pharmacodynamic target (50%fuT>MIC), 2000 mg q8h sufficed regardless of type of membrane and body weight."	( Piperacillin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: effect of type of dialysis membrane on dosing requirements. Calvo, G; Fernández, J; Llauradó-Serra, M; Martín-Loeches, I; Pontes, C; Rodríguez, A; Soy, D; Torres, A; Ulldemolins, M; Vaquer, S, 2016)	0.43
" Antibiotic concentrations in blood and/or dialysate samples were measured by liquid chromatography, and one- and two-compartment pharmacokinetic models were fitted to the data using nonlinear mixed effects regression."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Extended Infusion Versus Short Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing CRRT. Aduroja, OA; Amde, M; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Gould, ER; Groszek, JJ; Madonia, PN; Nesbitt, R; Salem, C; Shotwell, MS; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2016)	0.43
"Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analyses for piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and infants of less than 2 months of age have been performed by our group previously."	( Target attainment analysis and optimal sampling designs for population pharmacokinetic study on piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Chen, C; Chen, Y; Dong, M; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Using a previously published population pharmacokinetic model in the target population, we simulated piperacillin steady state area under the concentration versus time curve from zero to τ (AUCss,0-τ) and steady state maximal drug concentration (Cmaxss)."	( Use of Population Pharmacokinetics and Electronic Health Records to Assess Piperacillin-Tazobactam Safety in Infants. Clark, R; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CP; Kelly, MS; Ku, LC; Salerno, S; Smith, PB, 2017)	0.46
"This prospective pharmacokinetic study aimed to compare the clearance of piperacillin-tazobactam administered as a 24-h continuous infusion between continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) applied at equal dose in critically ill patients."	( Impact of renal replacement modalities on the clearance of piperacillin-tazobactam administered via continuous infusion in critically ill patients. Cotta, MO; Lefrant, JY; Lipman, J; Muller, L; Roberts, JA; Roger, C; Wallis, SC, 2017)	0.46
" A pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneum drug concentrations was conducted to simulate dosing regimens needed to attain the pharmacodynamic target in abdominal sites."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam in plasma, peritoneal fluid and peritoneum of surgery patients, and dosing considerations based on site-specific pharmacodynamic target attainment. Ikawa, K; Kajihara, T; Morikawa, N; Murakami, Y; Murao, N; Ohge, H; Shigemoto, N; Shimada, N; Sueda, T; Uegami, S; Uemura, K; Watadani, Y; Yano, R, 2017)	0.46
" Driven by these differences and recent legislation mandating the study of drugs in children and neonates, an increasing number of pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotics are being performed in neonates."	( Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data. Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Greenberg, RG; Rivera-Chaparro, ND, 2017)	0.46
" However, pharmacokinetic variability among patient populations and across ages leads to uncertainty when selecting a dosing regimen to achieve an appropriate pharmacodynamic target."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
"To guide dosing by establishing a population pharmacokinetic model for unbound piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy, and to assess pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (100% fT > 1×MIC and 50% fT > 4×MIC) and resultant exposure, across body weights."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
"Forty-three children admitted for 89 febrile episodes contributed 482 samples to the pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
" Given the population pharmacokinetic profile, feasible dosing regimens with reasonable exposure are continuous infusion (100% fT > 1×MIC) or prolonged infusions (50% fT > 4×MIC)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
"An open-label pilot pharmacokinetic study of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam."	( The pharmacokinetics of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam during sustained low efficiency haemodiafiltration (SLED-HDF). Donnellan, S; Duffull, SB; Putt, TL; Roberts, JA; Schollum, JBW; Walker, RJ; Wallis, SC; Wright, DFB, 2020)	0.56
"The pharmacokinetic data obtained from this pilot study demonstrate significant quantities of meropenem and piperacillin are removed during a SLED-HDF session."	( The pharmacokinetics of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam during sustained low efficiency haemodiafiltration (SLED-HDF). Donnellan, S; Duffull, SB; Putt, TL; Roberts, JA; Schollum, JBW; Walker, RJ; Wallis, SC; Wright, DFB, 2020)	0.56
" Significant pharmacokinetic changes also occur in cases of morbid obesity or renal insufficiency and when complex surgical techniques such as extracorporeal circulation are used."	( [Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic monitoring of piperacillin/tazobactam]. Kubíčková, V; Urbánek, K, 2020)	0.56
" We sought to aggregate previously published piperacillin and tazobactam (pip-tazo) pharmacokinetic data in critically ill patients undergoing CKRT to better understand pharmacokinetics of pip-tazo in this population and better inform dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically Ill patients treated with continuous kidney replacement therapy: A mini-review and population pharmacokinetic analysis. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Livezey, JR; Nadeau, RJ; Por, ED; Pruskowski, KA; Selig, DJ, 2022)	0.72
" Of the 26 articles, 10 for piperacillin and 8 for tazobactam had complete information suitable for population pharmacokinetic modelling."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically Ill patients treated with continuous kidney replacement therapy: A mini-review and population pharmacokinetic analysis. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Livezey, JR; Nadeau, RJ; Por, ED; Pruskowski, KA; Selig, DJ, 2022)	0.72
" The proportion of patients meeting pre-defined pharmacodynamic (PD) targets (median 88."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically Ill patients treated with continuous kidney replacement therapy: A mini-review and population pharmacokinetic analysis. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Livezey, JR; Nadeau, RJ; Por, ED; Pruskowski, KA; Selig, DJ, 2022)	0.72
" The aim of this work is to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for piperacillin to evaluate the efficacy of standard dosing in children with and without continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) and to propose alternative dosing schemes maximizing target attainment."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
"Piperacillin pharmacokinetic was best described with a two-compartment model."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
"Similar ratios of generic/originator (90% CI) Cmax were observed for Cefepime-MIP/Maxipime [93."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetics and stability of generics of cefepime, linezolid and piperacillin/tazobactam with their respective originator drugs: an intravenous bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers. Al Jalali, V; Ballarini, N; Bauer, M; Bergmann, F; Jorda, A; König, F; Lackner, E; Nussbaumer-Pröll, A; Oesterreicher, Z; Reiter, B; Stimpfl, T; Wölfl-Duchek, M; Wulkersdorfer, B; Zeitlinger, M, 2022)	0.72
" The population pharmacokinetic models that best characterized the observed plasma concentrations of piperacillin and tazobactam were one-compartment structural models with zero-order input and linear elimination."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Across the Adult Lifespan. An, G; Balevic, SJ; Chan, AW; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Conrad, T; Gu, K; Hemmersbach-Miller, M; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Landersdorfer, CB; Schmader, KE; Swamy, GK; Walter, EB; Winokur, PL, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of levofloxacin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, colistin (polymyxin E), meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin were established against Pseudomonas aeruginosa."	( Mutant prevention concentrations of levofloxacin alone and in combination with azithromycin, ceftazidime, colistin (Polymyxin E), meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adam, HJ; Laing, N; Mayer, M; Zhanel, GG, 2006)	0.33
"We investigated the efficacy of Tachyplesin III alone or combined with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) to prevent biofilm formation in vitro and in a rat model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ureteral stent infection."	( The antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin III coated alone and in combination with intraperitoneal piperacillin-tazobactam prevents ureteral stent Pseudomonas infection in a rat subcutaneous pouch model. Cirioni, O; Ghiselli, R; Giacometti, A; Giovanni, M; Kamysz, E; Kamysz, W; Minardi, D; Orlando, F; Parri, G; Saba, V; Scalise, G; Silvestri, C, 2007)	0.34
"ACHN-490 was tested alone and in combination with cefepime, doripenem, imipenem, or piperacillin-tazobactam in a synergy time-kill analysis against 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different resistance phenotypes."	( Activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appelbaum, PC; Armstrong, ES; Kosowska-Shick, K; Kubo, A; Lin, G; Pankuch, GA, 2011)	0.37
" aureus (VISA) are limited, but β-lactams in combination with vancomycin have shown synergistic activity against MRSA and VISA."	( Evaluation of vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam or oxacillin against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus isolates in vitro. Dilworth, TJ; Dodd, M; Mercier, RC; Ryan, K; Sliwinski, J, 2014)	0.4
"Recent reports have demonstrated that vancomycin (VAN) may lead to an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when it is combined with antipseudomonal beta-lactams."	( Nephrotoxicity during Vancomycin Therapy in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Cefepime. Burgess, DR; Burgess, DS; Cox, JN; Martin, CA; Rutter, WC, 2017)	0.46
" The objective of this study was to compare the rates of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving vancomycin in combination with PTZ administered as an extended infusion (EI) versus a standard infusion (SI)."	( Comparison of Rates of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Vancomycin in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Administered as an Extended versus Standard Infusion. Dubrovskaya, Y; Louie, E; Mousavi, M; Papadopoulos, J; Scipione, MR; Zapolskaya, T, 2017)	0.46
"Our findings suggest a similar rate of nephrotoxicity between patients who received vancomycin in combination with PTZ EI versus PTZ SI."	( Comparison of Rates of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Vancomycin in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Administered as an Extended versus Standard Infusion. Dubrovskaya, Y; Louie, E; Mousavi, M; Papadopoulos, J; Scipione, MR; Zapolskaya, T, 2017)	0.46
"Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often receive prolonged courses of broad spectrum antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017)	0.46
"AKI occurred in nearly 55% of patients with piperacillin-tazobactam therapy versus 13% of patients with cefepime therapy, which suggests cefepime may be preferred in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin for pediatric CF patients."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017)	0.46
"To compare the incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving intravenous vancomycin in combination with cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Comparison of the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Cefepime, Meropenem, or Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. Bartel, BJ; Catlin, JS; Gilder, RE; Kramer, CJ; Mullins, BP, 2018)	0.48
"This was a prospective, multicenter observational study of patients receiving vancomycin in combination with piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or meropenem."	( Comparison of the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Cefepime, Meropenem, or Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. Bartel, BJ; Catlin, JS; Gilder, RE; Kramer, CJ; Mullins, BP, 2018)	0.48
" Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist."	( Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Meropenem in Combination with Vancomycin. Burgess, DS; Rutter, WC, 2018)	0.48
" Teicoplanin can be preferred instead of VAN when combination with TZP is used particularly for patients with high AKI risk."	( Comparison of teicoplanin versus vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem for the risk of acute kidney injury. Akova, M; Aslan, AT; Dağ, O; Pashayev, T, 2021)	0.62
"Recent studies have shown that the incidence of nephrotoxicity increases when vancomycin is combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic."	( Comparative incidence of acute kidney injury in patients on vancomycin therapy in combination with cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem. Duong, L; Harriott, NG; Ives, AL; Pan-Chen, S; Rungkitwattanakul, D, 2022)	0.72
"Vancomycin (VAN)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased when VAN is combined with certain beta-lactams (BLs) such as piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) but has not been evaluated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T)."	( Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Beta-Lactam Agents: Ceftolozane-Tazobactam vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Alosaimy, S; Amaya, L; Biagi, M; Chandler, E; Cubillos, A; Davis, SL; Finch, N; Hobbs, ALV; Holger, D; Jorgensen, SCJ; Kufel, WD; Kunz Coyne, AJ; Lagnf, AM; Li, D; Molina, KC; Moore, WJ; Morrisette, T; Mubarez, M; Patch, M; Polisetty, RS; Rebold, N; Rico, M; Rybak, MJ; Sakoulas, G; Simon, SP; Smith, IMK; Tran, NN; Truong, J; Venugopalan, V; Veve, MP; Witucki, P; Wrin, J; Yost, C, 2023)	0.91
" Some patients contract pneumonia, and they can be prone to recurrent attacks of AE-COPD combined with pneumonia."	( Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Piperacillin Tazobactam in Combination With High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation in Patients With COPD Coupled With Pneumonia. Feng, Q; Li, F; Li, L; Meng, Q, 2023)	0.91
"The study intended to investigate the effectiveness and safety of piperacillin tazobactam in combination with the use of high-frequency chest-wall oscillation (HFCWO) to produce expectoration for the treatment of pneumonia in patients with AE-COPD and to provide a reference for clinical treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Piperacillin Tazobactam in Combination With High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation in Patients With COPD Coupled With Pneumonia. Feng, Q; Li, F; Li, L; Meng, Q, 2023)	0.91
"Participants were 92 patients who had been admitted to the hospital between January 2020 and November 2021 with AE-COPD combined with pneumonia."	( Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Piperacillin Tazobactam in Combination With High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation in Patients With COPD Coupled With Pneumonia. Feng, Q; Li, F; Li, L; Meng, Q, 2023)	0.91
"Piperacillin tazobactam combined with HFCWO for sputum evacuation can effectively treat patients with pneumonia in acute exacerbation of COPD, with high safety."	( Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Piperacillin Tazobactam in Combination With High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation in Patients With COPD Coupled With Pneumonia. Feng, Q; Li, F; Li, L; Meng, Q, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Generic substitutions within hospital formularies should consider parameters of in vitro activity, in addition to applied chemical analyses and measures of bioavailability to avoid potential adverse clinical consequences."	( Expanded studies of piperacillin/tazobactam formulations: variations among branded product lots and assessment of 46 generic lots. Jones, RN; Moet, GJ; Sader, HS; Watters, AA, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This raises the question of the pertinence of the dosage regimen."	( Influence of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the transplacental transfer of the piperacillin-tazobactam combination. Bourget, P; Fernandez, H; Lesne-Hulin, A; Sertin, A; Van Peborgh, P; Ville, Y, 1998)	0.3
"Tazobactam/piperacillin (total daily dosage of 13."	( Cost efficacy of tazobactam/piperacillin versus imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of intra-abdominal infection. Daschner, F; Dietrich, ES; Ebner, W; Schubert, B, 2001)	0.31
" Since time above the MIC (T>MIC) is the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) measure that best correlates with in vivo activity of beta-lactams, a stochastic model was used to predict the probability of PK-PD target attainment ranging from 30 (P30) to 70% (P70) T>MIC, for standard dosing regimens of both piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL phenotypes."	( Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: report from the ARREST program. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Jones, RN, 2003)	0.32
" Thirty timed observations were made for each of the dosing formulations."	( Cost analysis of continuous versus intermittent infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam: a time-motion study. Florea, NR; Geissler, EC; Kotapati, S; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH, 2003)	0.32
" Dose reduction because of impaired renal function was required in the intermittent dosing group for 5 of 12 patients compared with 1 of 12 patients in the continuous infusion group."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam: intermittent dosing versus continuous infusion. Ackermann, T; Bertram, N; Buck, C; Derendorf, H; Paar, WD; Sauerbruch, T, 2005)	0.33
" The desired proportion of the dosing interval that the concentration remains above the MIC (%T>MIC) for the intermittent bolus regimens was >/=40% for piperacillin/tazobactam and >/=60% for cefepime."	( Pharmacodynamics of intermittent and continuous infusion piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Burgess, DS; Frei, CR; Reese, AM, 2005)	0.33
" The probabilities of each drug and dosing regimen in achieving pharmacodynamic targets were calculated."	( Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a report from the OPTAMA Program. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sun, HK, 2005)	0.33
"Once daily IV/PO moxifloxacin monotherapy was as least as effective as standard IV piperacillin-tazobactam/PO amoxicillin-clavulanate dosed multiple times daily for the treatment of cIAIs."	( Randomized controlled trial of moxifloxacin compared with piperacillin-tazobactam and amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Choudhri, S; Herrington, J; Malangoni, MA; Pertel, P; Song, J, 2006)	0.33
" Ertapenem is a long-acting 1-beta-methyl parenteral group 1 carbapenem antibiotic that has a broad antibacterial spectrum and once-daily dosing supported by clinical studies."	( Bactericidal activity of ertapenem against major intra-abdominal pathogens. Borbone, S; Cascone, C; Mezzatesta, ML; Santagati, M; Stefani, S, 2006)	0.33
" In an effort to improve clinical outcomes, an extended-infusion dosing scheme for piperacillin-tazobactam therapy was devised using a Monte Carlo simulation and was adopted into clinical practice at Albany Medical Center (Albany, New York)."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: clinical implications of an extended-infusion dosing strategy. Drusano, GL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B, 2007)	0.34
" The purpose of this analysis is to describe the basis for the dosing recommendations in this age group."	( Optimising piperacillin/tazobactam dosing in paediatrics. Alexander, JJ; Gobburu, JV; Imoisili, MA; Korth-Bradley, JM; Tornøe, CW; Tworzyanski, JJ, 2007)	0.34
"To compare conventional intermittent dosing regimens of piperacillin-tazobactam with prolonged and continuous infusions to determine the optimal dosing scheme against a local Pseudomonas aeruginosa population."	( Optimal dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: prolonged or continuous infusion? Kim, A; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sutherland, CA, 2007)	0.34
"We simulated serum concentration-time profiles at steady state for several piperacillin-tazobactam dosing regimens, including intermittent, prolonged, and continuous infusions."	( Optimal dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: prolonged or continuous infusion? Kim, A; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sutherland, CA, 2007)	0.34
" Thus, the selection of dosing strategy depends on the availability of intravenous access versus the convenience of once-daily administration."	( Optimal dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: prolonged or continuous infusion? Kim, A; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sutherland, CA, 2007)	0.34
"Assesment of dosage deviations of three ss-lactam antibiotics eliminated through the kidneys (meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime) by comparison of two prediction formulae, Cockroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) with 24 h urinary creatinine clearance (CrCl(24h)), as a reference method."	( [The impact of different renal function measuring methods on the dosages of meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime in critically ill patients]. Diego del Río, E; Gratacós Santanach, L; Ribas Sala, J; Soy Muner, D, )	0.13
" Dosage discrepancies for each antibiotic based on CG y MDRD were studied in reference to CrCl(24h) by percentage agreement and weighted kappa."	( [The impact of different renal function measuring methods on the dosages of meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime in critically ill patients]. Diego del Río, E; Gratacós Santanach, L; Ribas Sala, J; Soy Muner, D, )	0.13
" The pharmacodynamic target was free piperacillin concentration remaining above the MIC for 50% of the dosing interval."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients. Cheatham, SC; Kays, MB; Shea, KM; Smith, DW; Sowinski, KM; Wack, MF, 2009)	0.35
"This study examined the effect of various levels of renal impairment on the probability of achieving free drug concentrations that exceed the MIC for 50% of the dosing interval (50% fT > MIC) for traditional and extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) dosing strategies."	( Identification of optimal renal dosage adjustments for traditional and extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam dosing regimens in hospitalized patients. Drusano, GL; Lodise, TP; Patel, N; Scheetz, MH, 2010)	0.36
" There was near-complete cessation of the every-6-hour dosage interval and a marked increase in the every-8-hour and every-12-hour dosage intervals."	( Implementation of an extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam program at an urban teaching hospital. Caquelin, C; Glowacki, RC; Grasso, AE; Itokazu, GS; Schwartz, DN; Xamplas, RC, 2010)	0.36
" Dialysis equipment and prescriptions have gradually changed over time, raising concern that current drug dosing recommendations in the literature may result in underdosing of antibiotics."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of piperacillin-tazobactam using spent dialysate effluent in patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Bauer, SR; Butler, R; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Hofmann, CL; Rehm, SJ; Salem, C, 2011)	0.37
" This possible loss of bactericidal effect should be brought to the attention of physicians and may require high dosing regimens for the treatment of severe infections."	( In vitro efficiency of the piperacillin/tazobactam combination against inhibitor-resistant TEM- and complex mutant TEM-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli. Bonnet, R; Delmas, J; Gibold, L; Krebs, M; Mirande, C; Robin, F, 2011)	0.37
"Pharmacodynamic dosing using extended-infusion piperacillintazobactam demonstrated favorable outcomes, including mortality, when compared with nonextended-infusion, similar-spectrum [H9252]-lactams in the treatment of patients with documented gram-negative infections."	( The Retrospective Cohort of Extended-Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam (RECEIPT) study: a multicenter study. Cappelletty, DM; Yost, RJ, 2011)	0.37
" Piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) is currently recommended in the empirical treatment of VAP, but intermittent dosing may result in inadequate serum concentrations."	( Continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study on efficacy and costs. Duszynska, W; Hurkacz, M; Kowalska-Krochmal, B; Kübler, A; Switala, M; Taccone, FS, 2012)	0.38
"Articles evaluating the administration of piperacillin/tazobactam to adults and comparing at least 2 dosing regimens (1 of which included the traditional, manufacturer-recommended 30-minute infusion; the other, a prolonged or continuous infusion strategy) were included."	( Evaluating outcomes associated with alternative dosing strategies for piperacillin/tazobactam: a qualitative systematic review. Chow, I; Ensom, MH; Mabasa, VH; Mah, GT, 2012)	0.38
" Retrospective studies indicate that critical care patients are the subgroup most likely to benefit from these dosing strategies."	( Evaluating outcomes associated with alternative dosing strategies for piperacillin/tazobactam: a qualitative systematic review. Chow, I; Ensom, MH; Mabasa, VH; Mah, GT, 2012)	0.38
"Current recommendations for piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy originate from studies with relatively few patients and lower continuous renal replacement therapy doses than commonly used today."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam in 42 patients treated with concomitant CRRT. Bauer, SR; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Groszek, J; Salem, C; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2012)	0.38
" Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) were used to determine the most effective administration schedule to ensure that free piperacillin concentrations were above the MIC for at least 50% of the dosing interval (50% fT>MIC) and to quantify the extent of the nonlinear clearance."	( Population pharmacokinetics of extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections. Butterfield, JM; Drusano, GL; Felton, TW; Hope, WW; Kwa, AL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, BM, 2012)	0.38
"The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using an extended-infusion PT dosing strategy as the standard of care in a children's hospital."	( System-wide implementation of the use of an extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam dosing strategy: feasibility of utilization from a children's hospital perspective. Cox, EG; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2012)	0.38
" After institution of an extended-infusion PT dosing protocol as the standard dosing option, patients receiving PT were prospectively assessed for presence of and reasons for changes in dosing regimen."	( System-wide implementation of the use of an extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam dosing strategy: feasibility of utilization from a children's hospital perspective. Cox, EG; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2012)	0.38
" Dosing errors, which were voluntarily reported, were infrequent (1."	( System-wide implementation of the use of an extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam dosing strategy: feasibility of utilization from a children's hospital perspective. Cox, EG; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2012)	0.38
"Results of this study suggest that extended-infusion PT dosing was feasible in this specific children's hospital."	( System-wide implementation of the use of an extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam dosing strategy: feasibility of utilization from a children's hospital perspective. Cox, EG; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2012)	0.38
" The ceftazidime and cefepime dosing ranges from the literature are 200-400 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, maximum 8-12 g/day, and 150-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, up to 6-8 g/day, respectively."	( Optimization of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. cephalosporins and penicillins. Ampofo, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Waters, CD; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.39
" We successfully matched 173 pairs of patients according to whether they received continuous or conventional intermittent dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam, using a propensity score to adjust for confounding variables."	( Continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam in septic critically ill patients--a multicenter propensity matched analysis. Bento, L; Estilita, J; Gonçalves-Pereira, J; Gouveia, J; Janeiro, S; Monteiro, C; Oliveira, BS; Paulino, C; Póvoa, P; Salgueiro, A; Vieira, A, 2012)	0.38
"Studies evaluating the outcomes of an extended-infusion (EI) piperacillin-tazobactam dosing strategy in specific cohorts of critically ill patients are lacking."	( Outcomes of extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam: a retrospective analysis of critically ill patients. Lee, GC; Liou, H; Neldner, K; Quan, CF; Yee, R, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed for four prolonged-infusion dosing regimens."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese patients. Cheatham, SC; Chung, CE; Fleming, MR; Healy, DP; Humphrey, ML; Kays, MB; Shea, KM, 2013)	0.39
" Formalized pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam removal in patients on MARS therapy are necessary to make clear dosing recommendations."	( Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS(®)) removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in a patient with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Argento, AC; Heavner, MS; Ruggero, MA; Topal, JE, 2013)	0.39
" Outcomes were compared between patients who received standardized dosing of meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, or cefepime as an intermittent infusion over 30 minutes (January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2010) and patients who received prolonged infusion over 3 hours (August 1, 2010, to January 31, 2011)."	( Prolonged infusion antibiotics for suspected gram-negative infections in the ICU: a before-after study. Arnold, HM; Hampton, NB; Hoban, A; Hoffmann, J; Hollands, JM; Juang, PH; Kollef, MH; McCormick, S; Micek, ST; Reichley, RM; Skrupky, LP; Smith, JR, 2013)	0.39
"To develop population pharmacokinetic (PK) models for piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and infants of less than 2 months of age in order to determine the appropriate dosing regimen and provide a rational basis for the development of preliminary dosing guidelines suitable for this population."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Cao, D; Cao, Y; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, Q; Li, Z; Shi, W; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The dosing strategy 44."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Cao, D; Cao, Y; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, Q; Li, Z; Shi, W; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The results indicated that higher doses or more frequent dosing regimens may be required for controlling infection in this population in NICU."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Cao, D; Cao, Y; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, Q; Li, Z; Shi, W; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Correct antibiotic dosing remains a challenge for the clinician."	( Meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam prescribing in critically ill patients: does augmented renal clearance affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment when extended infusions are used? Carlier, M; Carrette, S; De Waele, JJ; Decruyenaere, J; Depuydt, P; Hoste, E; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Stove, V; Verstraete, A; Wallis, SC, 2013)	0.39
"Infusion pump characteristics and tubing residuals can affect extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam dosing strategies."	( Using higher doses to compensate for tubing residuals in extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam. Bhowmick, T; Gross, A; Lam, WJ; Vanschooneveld, TC; Weinstein, MP, 2013)	0.39
"The physical compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin sodium-tazobactam at dosing concentrations commonly administered during prolonged infusions was studied."	( Physical compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin sodium-tazobactam at concentrations typically used during prolonged infusions. Leung, E; Ly, SC; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2013)	0.39
" The probability of target attainment for 50% or higher of the dosing interval during which free (unbound) drug concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) of likely pathogens was calculated for piperacillin at various MICs."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of piperacillin administered with tazobactam in critically ill, morbidly obese surgical patients. Allen, N; Fish, DN; Newell, M; Rafferty, KD; Sturm, AW; Toschlog, E; Waibel, B, 2014)	0.4
"5 g intravenously every 6 hours was shown to be an appropriate dosage for this study population."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of piperacillin administered with tazobactam in critically ill, morbidly obese surgical patients. Allen, N; Fish, DN; Newell, M; Rafferty, KD; Sturm, AW; Toschlog, E; Waibel, B, 2014)	0.4
" The objectives of this study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with CF and derive optimized piperacillin/tazobactam dosing recommendations."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with cystic fibrosis-related acute pulmonary exacerbations. Beegle, S; Butterfield, JM; Farkas, J; Lodise, TP; Pai, MP; Rosen, J, 2014)	0.4
" Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for regimens where free piperacillin concentrations were above the MIC for at least 50% of the dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with cystic fibrosis-related acute pulmonary exacerbations. Beegle, S; Butterfield, JM; Farkas, J; Lodise, TP; Pai, MP; Rosen, J, 2014)	0.4
" Results of our simulation revealed that piperacillin/tazobactam dosed at 3-4 g for 30 min every 6-8 h led to <90% PTA against MIC values >4 mg/L."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with cystic fibrosis-related acute pulmonary exacerbations. Beegle, S; Butterfield, JM; Farkas, J; Lodise, TP; Pai, MP; Rosen, J, 2014)	0.4
"Piperacillin/tazobactam is a frequently prescribed antibiotic in pediatric intensive care units, but pharmacokinetic data to justify the optimal piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimen are sparse in critically ill children."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children. Cies, JJ; Kuti, JL; Schlichting, C; Shankar, V, 2014)	0.4
"Blood samples (2-4 per child) were collected from 13 children ages 9 months to 6 years admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit who were receiving standard piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens to treat infections."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children. Cies, JJ; Kuti, JL; Schlichting, C; Shankar, V, 2014)	0.4
" The only dosing regimens that achieved optimal PTA at the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute susceptibility breakpoint of 16 μg/mL against Psuedomonas aeruginosa were 100 mg/kg every 6 hours administered as a 3-hour prolonged infusion and 400 mg/kg administered as a 24-hour continuous infusion."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children. Cies, JJ; Kuti, JL; Schlichting, C; Shankar, V, 2014)	0.4
" The probability of target attainment (PTA) of maintaining free piperacillin levels above the MIC during the entire dosing interval was estimated by simulation of intermittent and continuous infusions."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Asín-Prieto, E; Isla, A; Maynar, J; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Sánchez-Izquierdo, JÁ; Soraluce, A; Trocóniz, IF, 2014)	0.4
" Based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, dosing recommendations are given considering the residual renal function of the patient and the MIC for the isolated bacteria."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Asín-Prieto, E; Isla, A; Maynar, J; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Sánchez-Izquierdo, JÁ; Soraluce, A; Trocóniz, IF, 2014)	0.4
" Bacterial killing following administration of piperacillin via bolus dosing and that after extended infusions were similar."	( Impact of Bolus dosing versus continuous infusion of Piperacillin and Tazobactam on the development of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Felton, TW; Goodwin, J; Gregson, L; Hope, WW; Howard, SJ; Livermore, J; Neely, MN; O'Connor, L; Sharp, A, 2013)	0.39
" In treatment group, the percentage of duration of blood drug level higher than MIC account for dosing interval (%T>MIC) was 86."	( [Treatment study of hospital acquired pneumonia by optimizing dosing regimen of piperacillin/tazobactam:prolonged vs. regular infusion]. Dong, WL; Lü, Y; Wang, DH; Xia, R; Yan, Z; Yang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"TZP prolonged the infusion time dosing regimens using in Gram negative bacteria induced by high MIC value of HAP have more stable plasma concentration, curative clinical effect and reduce the cost of treatment."	( [Treatment study of hospital acquired pneumonia by optimizing dosing regimen of piperacillin/tazobactam:prolonged vs. regular infusion]. Dong, WL; Lü, Y; Wang, DH; Xia, R; Yan, Z; Yang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage of TAZ/PIPC was 95."	( [Concentration of tazobactam/piperacillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis]. Fukasawa, C; Hoshino, T; Ishiwada, N; Kutsuna, S; Sato, H; Sawada, K, 2013)	0.39
" The predefined PK/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target was 100% fT>4MIC [percentage of time during a dosing interval that the free (f) drug concentration exceeded 4 times the MIC]."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimisation of piperacillin and meropenem: a randomised controlled trial. Boelens, J; Carlier, M; Carrette, S; Claeys, G; De Waele, JJ; Decruyenaere, J; Depuydt, P; Hoste, E; Leroux-Roels, I; Stove, V; Verstraete, AG, 2014)	0.4
" Target attainment rates for the time unbound piperacillin concentrations remained above the MIC for 50% and 75% of the dosing interval at steady state were evaluated."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam using plasma and dried blood spots from infants. Benjamin, DK; Bloom, BT; Capparelli, EV; Castro, L; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gao, J; Poindexter, B; Smith, PB; Watt, KM; Zhou, C, 2014)	0.4
" By estimating an individual's PK, dosage optimization Bayesian estimation techniques can be used to calculate the appropriate piperacillin regimen to achieve desired drug exposure targets."	( Individualization of piperacillin dosing for critically ill patients: dosing software to optimize antimicrobial therapy. Boselli, E; Felton, TW; Hope, WW; Lodise, TP; Neely, MN; Roberts, JA; Van Guilder, M, 2014)	0.4
" Patients receiving EI PTZ treatment had a shorter duration of PTZ therapy than did patients receiving SI treatment, and EI dosing may provide cost savings to hospitals."	( Extended-Infusion versus standard-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam for sepsis syndromes at a tertiary medical center. Ahuja, T; Chen, D; Chen, XJ; Cutro, SR; Dubrovskaya, Y; Holzman, R; Mehta, SA; Papadopoulos, J; Phillips, MS; Scipione, MR, 2014)	0.4
" A 5,000 patient Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for multiple dosing regimens, using 50% of free drug time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as the primary pharmacodynamic threshold."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia. Cies, JJ; Jain, J; Kuti, JL, 2015)	0.42
"In children with fever and neutropenia, piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens that are administered every 4 hr or that employ prolonged or continuous infusions should be considered to optimize pharmacodynamic exposure."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia. Cies, JJ; Jain, J; Kuti, JL, 2015)	0.42
" Drug concentrations were considered adequate if they remained 4-8× the clinical MIC breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 50% (TZP) or 40% (MEM) of the dosing interval."	( β-Lactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: A case-control study. Antonucci, E; Beumier, M; Cristallini, S; de Backer, D; Donadello, K; Jacobs, F; Roberts, JA; Rondelet, B; Scolletta, S; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2015)	0.42
" However, dosing regimens are often extrapolated from data in adults and older children, increasing the risk for drug toxicity and lack of clinical efficacy because they fail to account for developmental changes in infant physiology."	( New antibiotic dosing in infants. Pineda, LC; Watt, KM, 2015)	0.42
"The study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of piperacillin (PIP) and tazobactam (TAZ) that explain pharmacokinetic variability and to propose optimized dosage regimens in patients with nosocomial infections."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Patients with Nosocomial Infections. Chen, R; Qian, CY; Qian, Q; Sun, MR; Wang, LY; Wang, ML; Zou, SL, 2016)	0.43
"In total, 310 PIP and 280 TAZ concentration-time points were collected at steady state over multiple dosing intervals from 50 patients who received PIP/TAZ infused within 30 min or over 3 h."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Patients with Nosocomial Infections. Chen, R; Qian, CY; Qian, Q; Sun, MR; Wang, LY; Wang, ML; Zou, SL, 2016)	0.43
" TDM provides useful feedback of dosing adequacy to guide dose optimization."	( Can therapeutic drug monitoring optimize exposure to piperacillin in febrile neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies? A randomized controlled trial. Gardner, JH; Hahn, U; Lehman, S; Peake, SL; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MS; Sime, FB; Tiong, IS; Warner, MS, 2015)	0.42
"Blood samples were collected every hour over an 8-hour dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
"The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved an unbound piperacillin plasma concentration above a target minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 mg/L (MIC that inhibits 90% of isolates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for at least 50% of the dosing interval; 18 (90%) of the 20 patients achieved this outcome."	( Pharmacokinetics of an extended 4-hour infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Amyot, J; Awissi, DK; Beauchamp, A; Fagnan, M; Hébert, E; Lavallée, C; Lavigne, V; Leblanc, M; Lebrun, G; Munoz, DL; Pichette, V; Robitaille, R; Savoie, M; Tétreault, N; Varin, F, 2015)	0.42
"We sought to describe a case of pharmacodynamically-optimized dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam in a patient that cleared their infections after treatment with high-dose, extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam and summarize the literature on the benefits of extended-infusion of beta-lactams."	( Microbiologic clearance following transition from standard infusion piperacillin-tazobactam to extended-infusion for persistent Gram-negative bacteremia and possible endocarditis: A case report and review of the literature. D'Agostino, C; Rhodes, NJ; Roberts, JA; Scheetz, MH; Skoglund, E, 2015)	0.42
"We present the first case to our knowledge that describes failure to respond and subsequent response within a single patient where beta-lactam dosing was altered to optimize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK-PD)."	( Microbiologic clearance following transition from standard infusion piperacillin-tazobactam to extended-infusion for persistent Gram-negative bacteremia and possible endocarditis: A case report and review of the literature. D'Agostino, C; Rhodes, NJ; Roberts, JA; Scheetz, MH; Skoglund, E, 2015)	0.42
" Piperacillin concentrations were determined at various points within the MARS circuit, and patient serum concentrations were reported throughout the dosing interval while receiving MARS therapy."	( Extracorporeal Elimination of Piperacillin/Tazobactam during Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System Therapy. El-Zoghby, ZM; Frazee, EN; Larson, SL; Nyberg, SL; Personett, HA, 2015)	0.42
"We utilized the database of the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DALI) study to statistically compare the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcomes between prolonged-infusion and intermittent-bolus dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients using inclusion criteria similar to those used in previous prospective studies."	( Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and patient outcomes? An observation from the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DA Abdul-Aziz, MH; Akova, M; Bassetti, M; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Dulhunty, J; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.43
" Additionally, in patients with a SOFA score of ≥9, administration by prolonged infusion compared with intermittent-bolus dosing demonstrated significantly better clinical cure [73."	( Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and patient outcomes? An observation from the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DA Abdul-Aziz, MH; Akova, M; Bassetti, M; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Dulhunty, J; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.43
" The PK/PD target attainment (100%fT>MIC) was defined as free (f) piperacillin plasma concentrations that remain, during the entire dosing interval (T), above the minimum inhibitory concentration (100%fT>MIC) within days 4-8 (when CFB culminates and disappears)."	( A pilot study on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in critically ill patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam. Bezouška, J; Havel, E; Kaška, M; Malbrain, ML; Martínková, J; Šafránek, P, 2016)	0.43
" Drug dosing was similar in the two groups."	( Serum β-lactam concentrations in critically ill patients with cirrhosis: a matched case-control study. Cotton, F; Creteur, J; Gustot, T; Hites, M; Jacobs, F; Lheureux, O; Surin, R; Taccone, FS; Trepo, E; Vincent, JL; Wolff, F, 2016)	0.43
"The compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in concentrations typically used in extended-infusion dosing schemes was evaluated."	( Visual and absorbance analyses of admixtures containing vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam at commonly used concentrations. Manek, M; O'Donnell, JN; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2016)	0.43
"This multicentre study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), to identify the sources of PK variability and evaluate different dosing regimens to develop recommendations based on clinical parameters."	( Piperacillin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: effect of type of dialysis membrane on dosing requirements. Calvo, G; Fernández, J; Llauradó-Serra, M; Martín-Loeches, I; Pontes, C; Rodríguez, A; Soy, D; Torres, A; Ulldemolins, M; Vaquer, S, 2016)	0.43
" Therapeutic drug monitoring can be used to guide dosing so as to maximise therapeutic effect whilst reducing the likelihood of exposure-related toxicity."	( Is high-dose β-lactam therapy associated with excessive drug toxicity in critically ill patients? Cotta, MO; Lipman, J; Little, PJ; McDonald, C; McWhinney, B; Roberts, JA; Ungerer, JP, 2016)	0.43
" Target attainment for piperacillin was defined as achieving four times the minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 μg/ml for >50% of the dosing cycle."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Extended Infusion Versus Short Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing CRRT. Aduroja, OA; Amde, M; Connor, MJ; Fissell, WH; Gould, ER; Groszek, JJ; Madonia, PN; Nesbitt, R; Salem, C; Shotwell, MS; Taylor, ME; Tolwani, AJ; Wei, P, 2016)	0.43
"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome differences between patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam pre- and post-implementation of an extended infusion dosing protocol in a community teaching hospital adult intensive care unit."	( Outcomes of an extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam protocol implementation in a community teaching hospital adult intensive care unit. Bergman, SJ; Metzke, ME; Pointer, S; Schmees, PM; Strader, BD; Valenti, KM, 2016)	0.43
"On December 19th, 2011, extended infusion dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam was implemented at St."	( Outcomes of an extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam protocol implementation in a community teaching hospital adult intensive care unit. Bergman, SJ; Metzke, ME; Pointer, S; Schmees, PM; Strader, BD; Valenti, KM, 2016)	0.43
"Introduction To enhance the probability of pharmacodynamic target attainment, piperacillin-tazobactam can be administered as either a continuous or extended-infusion dosage regimen for the treatment of gram-negative infections."	( Evaluation of an alternative extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam dosing strategy for the treatment of gram-negative infections. Hickson, RP; Judd, WR; Mueller, JE; Ratliff, PD; Winstead, EM, 2016)	0.43
"A better dosing strategy can improve clinical outcomes for patients."	( Evaluation Outcomes Associated with Alternative Dosing Strategies for Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cui, X; Liu, L; Ma, Z; Yang, H, )	0.13
" In order to determine the appropriate dosing regimen and to provide a rationale for the development of dosing guidelines suitable for this population, further popPK studies of piperacillin/tazobactam would need to be conducted."	( Target attainment analysis and optimal sampling designs for population pharmacokinetic study on piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Chen, C; Chen, Y; Dong, M; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Pharmacodynamic profiling of piperacillin using Monte Carlo simulation was performed to explore the target attainment probability of different dosing regimens for infections caused by different isolated pathogens."	( Target attainment analysis and optimal sampling designs for population pharmacokinetic study on piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Chen, C; Chen, Y; Dong, M; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.43
"The dosing regimen and sampling schedules proposed in this study should be evaluated in future popPK studies of piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and infants."	( Target attainment analysis and optimal sampling designs for population pharmacokinetic study on piperacillin/tazobactam in neonates and young infants. Chen, C; Chen, Y; Dong, M; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Wu, D; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Controversies remain regarding optimal dosing and the need for plasma concentration measurements when treating intensive care patients with beta-lactam antibiotics."	( Standard dosing of piperacillin and meropenem fail to achieve adequate plasma concentrations in ICU patients. Eliasson, E; Giske, CG; Petersson, J, 2016)	0.43
" Antibiotic concentrations were measured at the mid and end of the dosing interval, and repeated after 2-3 days when feasible."	( Standard dosing of piperacillin and meropenem fail to achieve adequate plasma concentrations in ICU patients. Eliasson, E; Giske, CG; Petersson, J, 2016)	0.43
" Antibiotic concentrations at the mid and end of the dosing interval were for piperacillin, 27."	( Standard dosing of piperacillin and meropenem fail to achieve adequate plasma concentrations in ICU patients. Eliasson, E; Giske, CG; Petersson, J, 2016)	0.43
" The percentage of the dosing interval for which the free piperacillin concentration (%fT) exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated."	( Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Bao, H; Lv, Y; Wang, D; Xue, J; Yan, Z, 2017)	0.46
" We performed 5,000 Monte Carlo simulations for various dosing regimens and minimal inhibitory concentration and calculated the probability to spend 100% of the time over 64 mg/L."	( Repeated Piperacillin-Tazobactam Plasma Concentration Measurements in Severely Obese Versus Nonobese Critically Ill Septic Patients and the Risk of Under- and Overdosing. Breilh, D; Jaber, S; Jean-Pierre, H; Jung, B; Legeron, R; Mahul, M; Molinari, N; Signe, J; Uhlemann, AC, 2017)	0.46
"Using a conventional dosing of 16 g/2 g/24 hr continuous infusion, obese patients were more likely than nonobese patients to experience piperacillin underdosing when facing high minimal inhibitory concentration pathogens."	( Repeated Piperacillin-Tazobactam Plasma Concentration Measurements in Severely Obese Versus Nonobese Critically Ill Septic Patients and the Risk of Under- and Overdosing. Breilh, D; Jaber, S; Jean-Pierre, H; Jung, B; Legeron, R; Mahul, M; Molinari, N; Signe, J; Uhlemann, AC, 2017)	0.46
"To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill infants and children, in order to develop an evidence-based dosing regimen."	( Dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill children. Carlier, M; De Cock, PAJG; de Jaeger, A; De Paepe, P; Delanghe, JR; Della Pasqua, OE; Robays, H; van Dijkman, SC; Vande Walle, J; Verstraete, AG; Willems, J, 2017)	0.46
"Standard intermittent dosing regimens do not ensure optimal piperacillin/tazobactam exposure in critically ill patients, thereby risking treatment failure."	( Dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill children. Carlier, M; De Cock, PAJG; de Jaeger, A; De Paepe, P; Delanghe, JR; Della Pasqua, OE; Robays, H; van Dijkman, SC; Vande Walle, J; Verstraete, AG; Willems, J, 2017)	0.46
"Optimal dosing of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients is a challenge given the unpredictable pharmacokinetic profile of this patient population."	( Target attainment with continuous dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam in critical illness: a prospective observational study. Aardema, H; Alffenaar, JW; Dieperink, W; Kosterink, JGW; Nannan Panday, P; van Hateren, K; Wessels, M; Zijlstra, JG, 2017)	0.46
" It is assumed that PIP-plasma concentrations above the clinical breakpoint of the target pathogen [Pseudomonas aeruginosa, clinical breakpoint at minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 16 mg/L] should be reached for 100% of the dosing interval or >4xMIC (64 mg/L) for 50% of the dosing interval."	( Measurement of piperacillin plasma concentrations in cancer patients with suspected infection. Bremer-Streck, S; Hochhaus, A; Kiehntopf, M; Lindig, U; Rachow, T; Schlattmann, P; Schlüter, V; Scholl, S; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M, 2017)	0.46
" Other options such as ertapenem and moxifloxacin may be reasonable where multiple daily dosing or intravenous administration is inappropriate."	( Clinical efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections. Hayashi, Y; Katayama, M; Suzuki, D; Takimoto, K; Wang, Q, 2017)	0.46
" A pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneum drug concentrations was conducted to simulate dosing regimens needed to attain the pharmacodynamic target in abdominal sites."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam in plasma, peritoneal fluid and peritoneum of surgery patients, and dosing considerations based on site-specific pharmacodynamic target attainment. Ikawa, K; Kajihara, T; Morikawa, N; Murakami, Y; Murao, N; Ohge, H; Shigemoto, N; Shimada, N; Sueda, T; Uegami, S; Uemura, K; Watadani, Y; Yano, R, 2017)	0.46
"Antibiotics are often used in neonates despite the absence of relevant dosing information in drug labels."	( Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data. Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Greenberg, RG; Rivera-Chaparro, ND, 2017)	0.46
" We examined the effect of these different dosing regimens on renal function."	( Frequency of Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Tazobactam/Piperacillin in Patients with Pneumonia and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study. Morimoto, T; Morimoto, Y; Nagashima, H; Tokuyama, S, 2017)	0.46
" There are currently no pediatric dosing recommendations."	( Dose-Exposure Simulation for Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing Strategies in Infants and Young Children. Autmizguine, J; Kassir, N; Litalien, C; Théorêt, Y; Thibault, C; Varin, F, 2017)	0.46
"To determine appropriate TZP dosing strategies in children 2 months - 6 years according to age and different minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)."	( Dose-Exposure Simulation for Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing Strategies in Infants and Young Children. Autmizguine, J; Kassir, N; Litalien, C; Théorêt, Y; Thibault, C; Varin, F, 2017)	0.46
" Dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam requires an understanding of this patient group to maximise the effectiveness of this antibiotic and limit a further emergence of resistant pathogens."	( A UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of piperacillin and tazobactam in plasma (total and unbound), urine and renal replacement therapy effluent. Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Ordenez Meija, JL; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Wallis, SC, 2018)	0.48
"375 g dosing regimens."	( Simplifying Piperacillin/Tazobactam Dosing: Pharmacodynamics of Utilizing Only 4.5 or 3.375 g Doses for Patients With Normal and Impaired Renal Function. Grupper, M; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Thabit, AK, 2017)	0.46
"In older adults, few studies confirm that adequate concentrations of antibiotics are achieved using current dosage regimens of intravenous β-lactam antibiotics."	( Considerable variation of trough β-lactam concentrations in older adults hospitalized with infection-a prospective observational study. Hatti, M; Odenholt, I; Resman, F; Solomonidi, N; Tham, J, 2018)	0.48
"Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED), is increasingly being used in intensive care units (ICUs) but studies informing drug dosing for such patients is lacking."	( Piperacillin Population Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Adults During Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Alobaid, A; Hiremath, S; Kanji, S; Patel, R; Porteous, R; Roberts, JA; Watpool, I; Xie, J; Zelenitsky, S; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.48
"To describe the population pharmacokinetics (PKs) of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill adults receiving SLED and to provide dosing recommendations."	( Piperacillin Population Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Adults During Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Alobaid, A; Hiremath, S; Kanji, S; Patel, R; Porteous, R; Roberts, JA; Watpool, I; Xie, J; Zelenitsky, S; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.48
" Validation of this relationship in larger studies of adult patients with CF is needed before application to the precision dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam in this patient population."	( Individualizing piperacillin/tazobactam dosing in adult patients with cystic fibrosis: can tobramycin measurements help? Crass, RL; Lodise, TP; Pai, MP, 2019)	0.51
" Plasma drug concentrations were assayed at 50% and 100% of the dosing interval and compared with target MIC breakpoint of 16 mg/L to calculate the primary endpoints of 50% and 100% time above MIC (fT > MIC), respectively."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcomes with 6-hourly empiric piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in hematological malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia. Jackson, K; Kennedy, G; Lipman, J; McWhinney, B; Roberts, JA; Ungerer, J; Weber, N, 2019)	0.51
"To evaluate target attainment of empirically dosed continuous infusion piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) and meropenem (MER) in critically ill patients."	( Early target attainment of continuous infusion piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients: A prospective observational study. De Waele, JJ; Dhaese, SAM; Farkas, A; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Stove, V; Thooft, ADJ; Verstraete, AG, 2019)	0.51
" Using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with dosing tailored to the altered pharmacokinetics of the individual patient to avoid under- and overdosing may be a further strategy to improve patient outcomes."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimisation of piperacillin/tazobactam to improve outcome in patients with sepsis (TARGET): a prospective, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. Brinkmann, A; Fiedler, S; Frey, OR; Hagel, S; Hohn, A; Hoyer, H; Kiehntopf, M; Pletz, MW; Roberts, JA; Schlattmann, P, 2019)	0.51
"To assess population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of both piperacillin and tazobactam in neutropenia patients and examine dosage requirements related to the MIC distribution for Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections (BSIs)."	( Parameters influencing the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological malignancy: a prospective study. Ader, F; Balsat, M; Benech, N; Cohen, S; Conrad, A; Ducastelle-Lepretre, S; Dumitrescu, O; Goutelle, S; Labussière-Wallet, H; Paubelle, E; Salles, G, 2019)	0.51
" Dosing simulations with the final model investigated factors influencing the PK/PD of piperacillin/tazobactam quantified by fT>MIC or PTA for piperacillin and tazobactam, respectively."	( Parameters influencing the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological malignancy: a prospective study. Ader, F; Balsat, M; Benech, N; Cohen, S; Conrad, A; Ducastelle-Lepretre, S; Dumitrescu, O; Goutelle, S; Labussière-Wallet, H; Paubelle, E; Salles, G, 2019)	0.51
" For patients with normal or augmented renal CL, dosing regimens q8h or q6h with 30 min of infusion were insufficient to achieve acceptable PTA for piperacillin/tazobactam at the median MIC value of 8 mg/L."	( Parameters influencing the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological malignancy: a prospective study. Ader, F; Balsat, M; Benech, N; Cohen, S; Conrad, A; Ducastelle-Lepretre, S; Dumitrescu, O; Goutelle, S; Labussière-Wallet, H; Paubelle, E; Salles, G, 2019)	0.51
" However, pharmacokinetic variability among patient populations and across ages leads to uncertainty when selecting a dosing regimen to achieve an appropriate pharmacodynamic target."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
"To guide dosing by establishing a population pharmacokinetic model for unbound piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy, and to assess pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (100% fT > 1×MIC and 50% fT > 4×MIC) and resultant exposure, across body weights."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
" The typical doses required for target attainment were compared for various dosing regimens, in particular prolonged infusions, across MICs and body weights."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
" Given the population pharmacokinetic profile, feasible dosing regimens with reasonable exposure are continuous infusion (100% fT > 1×MIC) or prolonged infusions (50% fT > 4×MIC)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen. Brock, B; Friberg, LE; Kristoffersson, AN; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
"To determine the percentage of patients given standard doses of piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem by continuous infusion who achieved the target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index, which was defined as free concentrations four times more than the minimum inhibitory concentration (CMI) for 100% of the dosing interval (100% fT≥ 4 x MIC)."	( OTAC: Optimization of Antibiotic Therapy in Critically ill Patients. Using beta-lactam antibiotics by continuous infusion. Cobo-Sacristán, S; Colom-Codina, H; Esteve-Pitarch, E; Maisterra-Santos, K; Padullés-Zamora, A, 2019)	0.51
"Gram-negative infections are a serious concern among hospitalized patients and require innovative pharmacokinetic dosing strategies to achieve clinical success, especially as the emergence of resistant gram-negative pathogens has outpaced the development of new antibiotics."	( Evaluation of studies on extended versus standard infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics. Buurma, V; Chen, M; Fahim, G; Shah, M, 2019)	0.51
"We analysed the pharmacokinetics of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam in patients undergoing a standardised session of sustained low efficiency haemodiafiltration (SLED-HDF) to inform the dosing of these drugs in an acute setting."	( The pharmacokinetics of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam during sustained low efficiency haemodiafiltration (SLED-HDF). Donnellan, S; Duffull, SB; Putt, TL; Roberts, JA; Schollum, JBW; Walker, RJ; Wallis, SC; Wright, DFB, 2020)	0.56
" A prospective observational study was conducted of free piperacillin concentrations during a single 8-h dosing interval in plasma (8 samples) and subcutaneous tissue (SCT) (13 samples), in 10 patients treated with CRRT following piperacillin 4 g given every 8 h as intermittent administration over 3 min."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in plasma and subcutaneous tissue in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy. Andersson, TL; Bue, M; Christensen, S; Friberg, LE; Hanberg, P; Öbrink-Hansen, K; Okkels, ASL; Sou, T; Thorsted, A, 2020)	0.56
"3, to simulate alternative administration modes and dosing regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in plasma and subcutaneous tissue in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy. Andersson, TL; Bue, M; Christensen, S; Friberg, LE; Hanberg, P; Öbrink-Hansen, K; Okkels, ASL; Sou, T; Thorsted, A, 2020)	0.56
"Beta-lactam anti-infective levels after standard dosing have been shown to be subtherapeutic when renal clearance is augmented."	( Usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of piperacillin and meropenem in routine clinical practice: a prospective cohort study in critically ill patients. Ahmad-Diaz, F; Aragones-Eroles, A; Cano-Marron, M; Miralbes-Torner, M; Palomar-Martinez, M; Schoenenberger-Arnaiz, JA, 2020)	0.56
" However, antibiotic dosing remains a challenge for clinicians as antibiotic dosing regimens are usually determined in non-critically ill hospitalized adult patients."	( Comparing clinical outcomes of piperacillin-tazobactam administration and dosage strategies in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Barton, S; Fawaz, S; Nabhani-Gebara, S, 2020)	0.56
" However, more rigorous scientific studies in critically ill patients are warranted to reach a sufficient level of evidence and promote further implementation of C/PI as a dosing strategy."	( Comparing clinical outcomes of piperacillin-tazobactam administration and dosage strategies in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Barton, S; Fawaz, S; Nabhani-Gebara, S, 2020)	0.56
" Six piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens for Kp68 (4/0."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cottrell, K; Harris, PNA; Heffernan, AJ; Islam, K; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB; Sumi, CD; Wallis, SC, 2020)	0.56
"For Kp68, all simulated dosing regimens exhibited approximately 4 log10 of bacterial killing at 8 h followed by regrowth to approximately 1011 cfu/mL within 24 h."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cottrell, K; Harris, PNA; Heffernan, AJ; Islam, K; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB; Sumi, CD; Wallis, SC, 2020)	0.56
"Pharmacokinetics and optimal dosing of piperacillin tazobactam (PT) have not been well studied in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal oxygenation membrane (ECMO)."	( [Plasmatic concentracion of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric patients on ECMO support. Preliminary analysis]. Izquierdo C, G; Navea M, D; Torres T, JP; Valverde G, C; Zylbersztajn, B, 2020)	0.56
" Plasmatic concentrations of piperacillin were obtained in the middle of the dosing interval using high performance liquid chromatography."	( [Plasmatic concentracion of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric patients on ECMO support. Preliminary analysis]. Izquierdo C, G; Navea M, D; Torres T, JP; Valverde G, C; Zylbersztajn, B, 2020)	0.56
" The concentrations of the antibiotics showed a wide range because of the fixed dosing regimen in a mixed population with variable kidney function."	( Measurement of Free Plasma Concentrations of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: An Applicability Study in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Dorn, C; Hitzenbichler, F; Kees, F; Kees, MG; Kratzer, A; Lubnow, M; Salzberger, B; Schießer, S, 2021)	0.62
" The purpose of this study was to determine if area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided vancomycin dosing reduced the incidence of AKI in a sample of patients who also received P-T."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	0.62
"This single-centre, retrospective, pre-post quasi-experimental study compared the incidence of AKI before and after a health-system-wide change from trough- to AUC-guided vancomycin dosing using two post-distribution levels."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	0.62
" There was no difference in the incidence of AKI in the population receiving concomitant P-T between dosing strategies."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	0.62
" Caution should be taken when combining vancomycin and P-T regardless of dosing strategy."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	0.62
" Preclinical data show a correlation between the probability of therapeutic success and concentrations of the unbound fraction of an antibiotic exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 40-50 % of the dosing interval."	( [Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic monitoring of piperacillin/tazobactam]. Kubíčková, V; Urbánek, K, 2020)	0.56
" While all isolates were fully susceptible at standard dosing regimen to amoxicillin-clavulanate, most were only susceptible at increased exposure or resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam."	( Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Eggerthella lenta blood culture isolates at a university hospital in Belgium from 2004 to 2018. De Geyter, D; Declerck, B; Piérard, D; Van der Beken, Y; Wybo, I, 2021)	0.62
"Standard piperacillin-tazobactam (P-T) dosing may be suboptimal in obesity, but high-dose regimens have not been studied."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Obese Patients. Forland, SC; Jones, RN; Maskiewicz, VK; Truong, J; Veillette, JJ; Winans, SA, 2021)	0.62
"Some patients required high P-T doses for target attainment, but dosing requirements were highly variable."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Obese Patients. Forland, SC; Jones, RN; Maskiewicz, VK; Truong, J; Veillette, JJ; Winans, SA, 2021)	0.62
" Piperacillin/tazobactam has been used extensively and empirically for EOS treatment without clinically validated dosing regimens, although the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of piperacillin in neonates has been reported."	( Clinical utiliy of a model-based piperacillin dose in neonates with early-onset sepsis. Dong, YN; Fang, ZY; Hao, GX; Hou, SS; Huang, X; Li, X; Shi, HY; Tang, BH; Van Den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Yu, YH; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y, 2022)	0.72
"A model-based dosing regimen of piperacillin/tazobactam was evaluated clinically, was tolerated well and was determined to be effective for EOS treatment."	( Clinical utiliy of a model-based piperacillin dose in neonates with early-onset sepsis. Dong, YN; Fang, ZY; Hao, GX; Hou, SS; Huang, X; Li, X; Shi, HY; Tang, BH; Van Den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Yu, YH; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y, 2022)	0.72
" However, it remains unknown whether the increased VIN risk in combination treatment with vancomycin and tazobactam/piperacillin, which is a VIN risk factor, can be diminished by AUC-guided vancomycin dosing (vancomycin-AUC)."	( Impact of Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve on the Prevalence of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Combination With Tazobactam/Piperacillin or Cefepime: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study. Aizawa, F; Azuma, M; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Ishizawa, K; Izumi, Y; Nakamoto, A; Okada, N; Yagi, K; Zamami, Y, 2021)	0.62
" These results strongly suggest that VIN prevention may be difficult with AUC-guided vancomycin dosing in patients receiving VT."	( Impact of Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve on the Prevalence of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Combination With Tazobactam/Piperacillin or Cefepime: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study. Aizawa, F; Azuma, M; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Ishizawa, K; Izumi, Y; Nakamoto, A; Okada, N; Yagi, K; Zamami, Y, 2021)	0.62
"This study evaluated piperacillin PK and probability of target attainment (PTA) with continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam, in order to optimize the dosing regimen."	( Continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam significantly improves target attainment in children with cancer and fever. Albertsen, BK; Friberg, LE; Maarbjerg, SF; Nielsen, EI; Schrøder, H; Thorsted, A; Wang, M, 2022)	0.72
" Four blood samples were obtained during a dosing interval to measure and determine attainment of therapeutic targets: unbound beta-lactam concentration above (i) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 40% (meropenem) or 50% (piperacillin) of dosing interval (40-50%fT > MIC) and (ii) 5 × MIC at 100% of dosing interval (100%fT > 5 × MIC)."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam in the Singapore critically ill population - A prospective, multi-center, observational study (BLAST 1). Chua, NG; Cove, M; Hee, DKH; Hoo, GSR; Kwa, AL; Lee, LS; Lee, W; Lim, TP; Ling, LM; Loo, L; Ng, TM; Ong, JCL; Soong, JL; Tang, SSL; Zhou, YP, 2022)	0.72
" Among 85 sets of blood samples, current dosing practices were able to achieve 94% success for 40-50%fT > MIC and 44% for 100%fT > 5 × MIC."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam in the Singapore critically ill population - A prospective, multi-center, observational study (BLAST 1). Chua, NG; Cove, M; Hee, DKH; Hoo, GSR; Kwa, AL; Lee, LS; Lee, W; Lim, TP; Ling, LM; Loo, L; Ng, TM; Ong, JCL; Soong, JL; Tang, SSL; Zhou, YP, 2022)	0.72
"Current dosing practices may be suboptimal for ICU patients."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam in the Singapore critically ill population - A prospective, multi-center, observational study (BLAST 1). Chua, NG; Cove, M; Hee, DKH; Hoo, GSR; Kwa, AL; Lee, LS; Lee, W; Lim, TP; Ling, LM; Loo, L; Ng, TM; Ong, JCL; Soong, JL; Tang, SSL; Zhou, YP, 2022)	0.72
" Adult patients (n = 254) with sepsis or septic shock were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam with dosing guided by daily TDM of piperacillin or continuous infusion with a fixed dose (13."	( Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Annecke, T; Bach, F; Bauer, M; Bracht, H; Brenner, T; Brinkmann, A; Frey, O; Hagel, S; Hohn, A; Jarczak, D; Kiehntopf, M; Kluge, S; König, C; Lehmann, T; Michels, G; Müller, C; Neugebauer, S; Nierhaus, A; Pletz, MW; Roberts, JA; Weigand, M; Weismann, D; Witzke, D, 2022)	0.72
"To explore extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-related alterations of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin/tazobactam and determine an optimal dosage regimen for critically ill adult patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill Korean patients and the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Kim, HI; Kim, HS; Kim, YK; Lee, DH; Lee, SH; Park, S, 2022)	0.72
" The percentage of time within 24 h for which the free concentration exceeded the MIC at a steady-state (50%fT>MIC, 100%fT>MIC, and 100%fT>4×MIC) for various combinations of dosage regimens and renal function were explored using Monte-Carlo simulation."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill Korean patients and the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Kim, HI; Kim, HS; Kim, YK; Lee, DH; Lee, SH; Park, S, 2022)	0.72
" Patients with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, but not those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, exhibited a PK/pharmacodynamic target attainment >90% when the target is 50%fT>MIC, as a result of applying the currently recommended dosage regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill Korean patients and the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Kim, HI; Kim, HS; Kim, YK; Lee, DH; Lee, SH; Park, S, 2022)	0.72
"Timely and appropriate dosing of antibiotics is essential for the treatment of bacterial sepsis."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically Ill patients treated with continuous kidney replacement therapy: A mini-review and population pharmacokinetic analysis. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Livezey, JR; Nadeau, RJ; Por, ED; Pruskowski, KA; Selig, DJ, 2022)	0.72
" However, some critically ill CKRT populations may need higher or lower doses and dosing strategies should be tailored to individuals based on all available clinical data including the specific critical care setting."	( Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically Ill patients treated with continuous kidney replacement therapy: A mini-review and population pharmacokinetic analysis. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Livezey, JR; Nadeau, RJ; Por, ED; Pruskowski, KA; Selig, DJ, 2022)	0.72
"Despite that piperacillin-tazobactam combination is commonly used in critically ill children, increasing evidence suggests that the current dosing schedules are not optimal for these patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
" The percentage of patients with 90% fT > MIC and target attainment (percentage of dosing interval above MIC) were estimated for different intermittent and continuous infusions in the studied population."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
" Only seven (37%) children without CKRT and seven (54%) with CKRT achieved 90% fT > MIC with the current dosing schedule."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
"In children with and without CKRT, standard dosing failed to provide an adequate systemic exposure, while prolonged and continuous infusions showed an improved efficacy."	( Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Butragueño-Laiseca, L; Campillo, N; Fernández, SN; García, X; Grau, S; Marco-Ariño, N; Padilla, B; Santiago, MJ; Slöcker, M; Troconiz, IF, 2022)	0.72
"In critically ill children, severely altered pharmacokinetics may result in subtherapeutic β-lactam antibiotic concentrations when standard pediatric dosing regimens are applied."	( Suboptimal Beta-Lactam Therapy in Critically Ill Children: Risk Factors and Outcome. De Cock, PAJG; De Paepe, P; Delanghe, JR; Dhont, E; Herck, I; Stove, V; Van Der Heggen, T; Vanhaesebrouck, S; Verstraete, AG; Willems, J, 2022)	0.72
"Post hoc analysis of the "Antibiotic Dosing in Pediatric Intensive Care" study (NCT02456974, 2012-2019)."	( Suboptimal Beta-Lactam Therapy in Critically Ill Children: Risk Factors and Outcome. De Cock, PAJG; De Paepe, P; Delanghe, JR; Dhont, E; Herck, I; Stove, V; Van Der Heggen, T; Vanhaesebrouck, S; Verstraete, AG; Willems, J, 2022)	0.72
" Dosing regimens were independently selected by intensivists."	( Clearance of Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Vancomycin During Continuous Renal Replacement With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation. Ankravs, MJ; Bellomo, R; Deane, AM; Rechnitzer, T; Roberts, JA; Sharrock, L; Wallis, SC, 2023)	0.91
" However, currently available PopPK models often lack predictive accuracy, making them less suited to guide dosing regimen adaptations."	( Development and evaluation of uncertainty quantifying machine learning models to predict piperacillin plasma concentrations in critically ill patients. Aardema, H; Colin, P; De Corte, T; De Waele, JJ; Dhaese, SAM; Ongenae, F; Stove, V; Van Hoecke, S; Vander Mijnsbrugge, D; Verhaeghe, J; Verstraete, AG; Zijlstra, JG, 2022)	0.72
" Ensuing, ML models were compared with a published PopPK model on a database from the University Medical Centre of Groningen where a different dosing regimen is used (46 piperacillin concentrations from 15 patients."	( Development and evaluation of uncertainty quantifying machine learning models to predict piperacillin plasma concentrations in critically ill patients. Aardema, H; Colin, P; De Corte, T; De Waele, JJ; Dhaese, SAM; Ongenae, F; Stove, V; Van Hoecke, S; Vander Mijnsbrugge, D; Verhaeghe, J; Verstraete, AG; Zijlstra, JG, 2022)	0.72
"Our results show that ML models can consistently estimate piperacillin concentrations with acceptable and high predictive accuracy when identical dosing regimens as in the training data are used while providing highly relevant uncertainty predictions."	( Development and evaluation of uncertainty quantifying machine learning models to predict piperacillin plasma concentrations in critically ill patients. Aardema, H; Colin, P; De Corte, T; De Waele, JJ; Dhaese, SAM; Ongenae, F; Stove, V; Van Hoecke, S; Vander Mijnsbrugge, D; Verhaeghe, J; Verstraete, AG; Zijlstra, JG, 2022)	0.72
"To compare the bacterial killing and emergence of resistance of intermittent versus prolonged (extended and continuous infusions) infusion dosing regimens of piperacillin/tazobactam against two Escherichia coli clinical isolates in a dynamic hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM)."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Cottrell, K; Harris, PNA; Heffernan, AJ; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB; Sumi, CD; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72
"Three piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens (4/0."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Cottrell, K; Harris, PNA; Heffernan, AJ; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB; Sumi, CD; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72
"All simulated dosing regimens against Ec44 exhibited 4 log10 of bacterial killing over 8 h without regrowth and resistance emergence throughout the experiment."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Cottrell, K; Harris, PNA; Heffernan, AJ; Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB; Sumi, CD; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72
" The 1000 mg four times daily dosage is recommended in patients undergoing CKRT with partially preserved renal function to achieve the target."	( Target attainment and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in critically ill patients undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy. Abdulla, A; Dijkstra, A; Haringman, JJ; Koch, BCP; Ter Horst, PGJ; Wagenvoort, GHJ; Wieringa, A, 2022)	0.72
"The average body weight is smaller in Asian patients compared with Western patients, but influence of body weight in antibiotic dosing is unknown."	( Optimal antipseudomonal ꞵ-lactam drug dosing recommendations in critically-ill Asian patients receiving CRRT. Jang, SM; Lewis, SJ; Rhie, SJ, 2022)	0.72
" Various dosing regimens were assessed for the probability of target attainments using 60% fT > 1 × MIC or 4xMIC and neurotoxicity risk at 48-h using suggested neurotoxicity thresholds."	( Optimal antipseudomonal ꞵ-lactam drug dosing recommendations in critically-ill Asian patients receiving CRRT. Jang, SM; Lewis, SJ; Rhie, SJ, 2022)	0.72
"MCS enabled the prediction of optimal β-lactam dosing regimens for Asian patients receiving CVVH at varying Qeff."	( Optimal antipseudomonal ꞵ-lactam drug dosing recommendations in critically-ill Asian patients receiving CRRT. Jang, SM; Lewis, SJ; Rhie, SJ, 2022)	0.72
"There is a paucity of published data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imipenem, cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens against bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes (BSIs-Kae) and Enterobacter cloacae complex (BSIs-Ecc) in patients with various degrees of renal function."	( Cefepime, not Piperacillin/Tazobactam use, for empirical treatment of bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter spp.: Results from a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Chen, W; Huang, C; Ji, J; Shi, Q; Wu, H; Wu, S; Xiao, Y; Ying, C, 2023)	0.91
" The dosing regimens of imipenem, cefepime and piperacillin were simulated with intermittent infusion and extended infusion."	( Cefepime, not Piperacillin/Tazobactam use, for empirical treatment of bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter spp.: Results from a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Chen, W; Huang, C; Ji, J; Shi, Q; Wu, H; Wu, S; Xiao, Y; Ying, C, 2023)	0.91
" However, hypoalbuminemia is a common phenomenon in critically ill patients, resulting in variations in unbound fraction, therefore we aimed to simulate the impact of piperacillin unbound fraction fluctuations on the predictive performance of a population pharmacokinetic model and on the dosing recommendations of piperacillin."	( Impact of piperacillin unbound fraction variability on dosing recommendations in critically ill patients. El-Haffaf, I; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Velly, L, 2023)	0.91
" These data could serve as the foundation for implementation of model-informed precision dosing to reduce AKI incidence in patients given piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Relationship between piperacillin concentrations, clinical factors and piperacillin/tazobactam-associated acute kidney injury. Caldwell, JT; Dong, S; Fei, L; Goldstein, SL; Hasson, D; Kaplan, J; Slagle, C; Tang Girdwood, S; Tang, P; Vinks, AA, 2023)	0.91
" A 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was performed using various piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for 50% free time above the MIC."	( Piperacillin/Tazobactam Dose Optimization in the Setting of Piperacillin/Tazobactam-susceptible, Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Time to Reconsider Susceptible Dose Dependent. Gill, CM; Nicolau, DP, 2023)	0.91
" Using an opportunistic study design, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam as a probe drug to evaluate changes in antibacterial drug exposure and dosing requirements, including in older adults."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Across the Adult Lifespan. An, G; Balevic, SJ; Chan, AW; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Conrad, T; Gu, K; Hemmersbach-Miller, M; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Landersdorfer, CB; Schmader, KE; Swamy, GK; Walter, EB; Winokur, PL, 2023)	0.91
" However, for a target of 50% fT + minimum inhibitory concentration, dosing based on renal function is generally preferable to dosing by age, and simulations suggested that patients with creatinine clearance ≥ 120 mL/min may benefit from infusions of 4 g every 8 hours for organisms with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Across the Adult Lifespan. An, G; Balevic, SJ; Chan, AW; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Conrad, T; Gu, K; Hemmersbach-Miller, M; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Landersdorfer, CB; Schmader, KE; Swamy, GK; Walter, EB; Winokur, PL, 2023)	0.91
" The primary outcome was major delay, defined as an administration delay >25% of the recommended dosing interval, which was evaluated with multivariable logistic regression and interrupted time series analysis."	( Association between emergency department sepsis order set design and delay to second dose piperacillin-tazobactam administration. Bauer, SR; Campbell, MJ; Dettmer, MR; Erickson, RM; Fertel, BS; Sacha, GL; Wesolek, JL, 2023)	0.91
"To determine appropriate dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in anuric acute kidney injury patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Chaichoke, E; Chaijamorn, W; Charoensareerat, T; Pattharachayakul, S; Rakamthong, T; Rungkitwattanakul, D; Srisang, P; Srisawat, N, )	0.13
"Our simulation study reveals that the dosing regimen of piperacillin-tazobactam 12 g/day is appropriate for treating Pseudomonal infection with KDIGO recommended effluent rate of 25-35 mL/kg/h."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in anuric acute kidney injury patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Chaichoke, E; Chaijamorn, W; Charoensareerat, T; Pattharachayakul, S; Rakamthong, T; Rungkitwattanakul, D; Srisang, P; Srisawat, N, )	0.13
"The Monte Carlo simulation can be a useful tool to evaluate drug dosing in critically ill acute kidney injury patients receiving CRRT when limited pharmacokinetic data are a concern."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in anuric acute kidney injury patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Chaichoke, E; Chaijamorn, W; Charoensareerat, T; Pattharachayakul, S; Rakamthong, T; Rungkitwattanakul, D; Srisang, P; Srisawat, N, )	0.13
" Some argue that the broader spectrum PT decreases intraabdominal abscess formation; however, antibiotic stewardship, and once-a-day dosing favor CM."	( Postoperative Antibiotics for Complicated Appendicitis in Children: Piperacillin/Tazobactam Versus Ceftriaxone with Metronidazole. Abdullah, F; Alayleh, A; Carter, M; De Boer, C; Goldstein, SD; Hu, A; Linton, S; Pitt, JB; Raval, M; Zeineddin, S, 2023)	0.91
"In recent years, numerous dosing studies have been conducted to optimize therapeutic antibiotic exposures in patients with serious infections."	( International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units. Cotta, MO; Elhadi, M; Farkas, A; Imani, S; Kanji, S; Luque-Pardos, S; Roberts, JA; Sanches, C; Sandaradura, I; Scheetz, MH; Schellack, N; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF; Wilks, K; Williams, PG; Xie, J, 2023)	0.91
" Respondents rarely used dosing software to guide therapy in clinical practice and was most frequently used with vancomycin (11%)."	( International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units. Cotta, MO; Elhadi, M; Farkas, A; Imani, S; Kanji, S; Luque-Pardos, S; Roberts, JA; Sanches, C; Sandaradura, I; Scheetz, MH; Schellack, N; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF; Wilks, K; Williams, PG; Xie, J, 2023)	0.91

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	47 (3.89)	18.2507
2000's	219 (18.14)	29.6817
2010's	623 (51.62)	24.3611
2020's	318 (26.35)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	136 (10.77%)	5.53%
Reviews	84 (6.65%)	6.00%
Case Studies	269 (21.30%)	4.05%
Observational	50 (3.96%)	0.25%
Other	724 (57.32%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (103)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Preventing Neonatal Sepsis in Neonates Born Through Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid - A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01290003]		250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Rational Use of Broad-spectrum Antibiotics as Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in Febrile Neutropenia in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT03078010]	Phase 2	460 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-10	Recruiting
Comparison of the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Piperacillin/Tazobactam or Other Beta-lactams in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study in China [NCT03776409]		700 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-12-12	Completed
Comparison of 9 Doses vs 3 Doses of Post Operative Antibiotics in Live Liver Donors: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03765645]		126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-04	Completed
Optimal Care of Complicated Appendicitis [NCT03159754]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-29	Completed
Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteomyelitis Treated With Intravenous Antibiotics Versus Intravenous Antibiotics With an Early Switch to Oral Antibiotics [NCT02099240]	Early Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-06	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough patient enrollment and lack of staffing)
A Randomized, Observer-blinded, Active-controlled, Phase Illb Study to Compare IV / Oral Delafloxacin Fixed-dose Monotherapy With Best Available Treatments in a Microbiologically Enriched Population With Surgical Site Infections [NCT04042077]	Phase 3	268 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-25	Terminated(stopped due to COVID-19 seriously affected the study execution as required by the protocol)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime-AAI101 Compared to Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis. [NCT03687255]	Phase 3	1,043 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Completed
An Investigator Initiated, Phase II Single-Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Prospective, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Plus Vancomycin, Linezolid Versus Standard of Care Plus Vancomycin, Lin [NCT03485950]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-16	Completed
Optimisation, Valorisation and Application of UPLC-MS/MS Based Monitoring of Antibiotic Concentrations in Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients - Part 3: Non-blank Sputum Samples for Method Optimisation and Validation [NCT02840136]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of staff)
Continuous Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam for the Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis [NCT01694069]	Phase 4	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment was not sufficient to complete the study)
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Ertapenem Sodium (MK-0826) Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam Sodium in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections in Chinese Adults [NCT01370616]	Phase 3	565 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-02	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Noninferiority of Three Antimicrobial Regimens for the Treatment of Grade III Open Fractures [NCT03560232]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-09	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to recruit patients in a timely fashion and unable to recruit sufficient patients)
Efficacy and Safety of the Administration of Betalactam Antibiotics in Continuous or Extended Infusion Compared to Intermittent Infusion in Patients With Sepsis in Two Pediatric Third-level Care Hospitals [NCT03019965]		426 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Definitive Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Due to Ceftriaxone Non-susceptible E. Coli and Klebsiella Species. [NCT02176122]	Phase 4	391 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Secondary to third interim analysis by the study DSMB.)
Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ZTI-01 vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of cUTI/AP Infection in Hospitalized Adults [NCT02753946]	Phase 2/Phase 3	465 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Is Combination Antibiotic Therapy Superior to Monotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [NCT04879030]	Phase 2/Phase 3	170 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Computer-basierte Dosierungsregime Von Antiinfektiva Bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion Und Kontinuierlichen Nierenersatztherapieverfahren (Computer-based Dosage Calculation for Antibiotics in Patients With Impaired Renal Function or Renal Replacement The [NCT03036826]		0 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to due to organisational changes)
Model-based Dose Versus Empirical Dose of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates: a Multicentre, Randomised, Open-label, Non-inferiority Study. [NCT05981079]	Phase 4	332 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-31	Recruiting
Randomized Control Trial: Two Different Antibiotics Versus One Antibiotic for Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis [NCT03289351]	Phase 4	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-22	Active, not recruiting
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Continuous Infusion of Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Patients With Bacteraemia [NCT03108690]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Logistics)
Randomized Phase II Trial of Total Gut Decontamination Followed by Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT), FMT-Alone or Standard of Care for Reduction in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Patients Given Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics [NCT03862079]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Per PI's request)
Single Centre, Prospective, Comparative, Open-label, Randomised Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of the Combination of Moxifloxacin Plus Metronidazole Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Patients With Intra-abdominal Abscess [NCT00629135]	Phase 3	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-15	Completed
Comparing Oral Versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Trial [NCT05977868]	Phase 4	135 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-04	Enrolling by invitation
Efficacy of Extended Infusion of β-lactam Antibiotics for the Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Haematologic Patients: a Randomised, Multicentre, Open-label, Superiority Clinical Trial (BEATLE) [NCT04233996]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-05	Recruiting
Beta-lactam Continuous Versus Intermittent Infusion and Associated Bacterial Resistance and Therapy Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Pneumonia [NCT05102162]	Phase 4	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-17	Terminated(stopped due to Low recruitment.)
Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin and Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients - Finding the Best Predictor for Piperacillin-tazobactam Clearance [NCT03738683]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-02-01	Completed
Tigecycline (Hai Zheng Li Xing®) Combined With Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Tazocin ®) Empirical Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Patients With Abdominal Infection [NCT02191475]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Recruiting
Target Attainment and Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials in Non-critically Ill Surgery Patients [NCT03120663]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2016-11-30	Recruiting
First Dose Pharmacokinetics for Piperacillin and Meropenem in ICU Patients [NCT05134298]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-11-01	Recruiting
Prospective Unblinded Randomized Trial to Examine Short vs Prolonged Antibiotic Treatment for Hospitalized Hemato-oncology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia [NCT02463747]	Phase 4	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Multi-centre Study to Define Novel Individualised Dosing Regimens to Maximise Antibiotic Effectiveness for Treatment of Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units [NCT04986254]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-10-17	Recruiting
A Phase III Multicenter, Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial of Cefoxitin Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam as Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy [NCT03269994]	Phase 3	962 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-21	Active, not recruiting
Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia [NCT02735707]	Phase 3	10,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-11	Recruiting
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study of Piperacillin/Tazobactam During Early Phase in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Sepsis [NCT02730624]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Procalcitonin as a Marker of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Can Measurement of Procalcitonin Reduce the Use of Antibiotics? [NCT02171338]	Phase 4	55 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Piperacllin Versus Placebo in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Acute Cholecystitis [NCT02619149]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients [NCT02609646]		1,500 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-31	Completed
Samu Save Sepsis: Early Goal Directed Therapy in Pre Hospital Care of Patients With Severe Sepsis and/or Septic Shock [NCT02473263]	Phase 3	398 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-09	Completed
Prospective Study Evaluating Plasma Exposure of Optimized Antibiotic Therapy According to TDM in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (ES) and Cerebral Haemorrhage (EC) [NCT04132115]		104 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-10-01	Recruiting
A Comparison of Standard Vs Renal Dosing of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Acute Renal Failure and Septic Shock [NCT00816790]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Study stopped because of study personel movement to another institution.)
Monitoring of Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Meropenem Plasmatic Levels in Critical Patients [NCT04257838]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-02-15	Not yet recruiting
Validation of Uncertainty Quantifying Machine Learning Models to Predict Beta-lactam Antimicrobial Concentrations in ICU Patients [NCT06026852]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-20	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Double Dummy, Double Blind, Multinational, Multicenter Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Sequential (Intravenous/Oral) Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD to Intravenous Piperacillin/Tazobactam 4.0/0.5 g Every 8 Hours Followed by Or [NCT00402727]	Phase 3	813 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Low Doses of Lung Radiation Therapy in Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Prospective Multicentric Study in Radiation Oncology Centers [NCT04394182]		15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-21	Suspended(stopped due to lack of recruitment)
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) of Extended-infusion Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam and Cefepime in the Early Phase of Septic Shock [NCT02820987]	Phase 3	129 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-09-01	Recruiting
Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III, Controlled Clinical Trial, to Demonstrate the no Inferiority of Reduced Antibiotic Treatment vs a Broad Spectrum Betalactam Antipseudomonal Treatment in Patients With Bacteremia by Enterobacteriaceae [NCT02795949]	Phase 3	344 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin and Tazobactam in Anuric Septic Patients Treated by Continuous Veno Venous Hemodiafiltration [NCT00703144]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Empirical Meropenem Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Adult Patients With Sepsis (EMPRESS) Trial [NCT06184659]	Phase 4	5,800 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-01	Not yet recruiting
Antibiotic Treatment in Ventilator Associated Tracheobronchitis (VAT): A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT01027832]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Recruiting
Monotherapy With Piperacillin-tazobactam Versus Combination Therapy With Piperacillin-tazobactam Plus Glycopeptide as an Initial Empiric Therapy for Fever in Neutropenic Patients. An Observational Prospective Study. [NCT00195533]		801 participants (Actual)	Observational	2001-07-31	Completed
Targeted AntiBiotics for Chronic Pulmonary Disease: Can Targeted Antibiotic Therapy Improve the Prognosis of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infected Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease, Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Asthma? A Multicenter, [NCT03262142]	Phase 4	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-10	Terminated(stopped due to Slow recruitment)
Piperacillin Tazobactam Versus Meropenem for Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae- a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03671967]	Phase 4	1,084 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Recruiting
An Investigator Initiated, Phase IV Single-Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Prospective Study to Determine the Impact of Serial Procalcitonin on Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship and on the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Imipenem - Relebactam Plus [NCT04983901]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-14	Active, not recruiting
Effects on the Emergence and Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci After Changes in Antibiotic Use in a Hematology Unit. [NCT00167960]		1,500 participants	Observational	2005-01-31	Completed
Effects of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Use on the Prevalence Rate of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Hematology and Oncology Units. [NCT00167999]		200 participants	Observational	2005-02-28	Completed
Antibiotic Concentrations in Serum and Epithelial Lining Fluid Under Continous Infusion [NCT00435305]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2006-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to difficulties by enrolling patients fundings consumed, no staff could be recruited and payed to continue enrolling patients,)
Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Critical Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00438269]	Phase 2	80 participants	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
A De-Escalating Strategy for Antibiotic Treatment of Pneumonia in The Medical Intensive Care Unit [NCT00445094]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Association of Antibiotic Utilization Measures and Control of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) Producing Bacteria [NCT00488189]	Phase 4	134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics in High Risk Infants (Urinary Proteomics in Antimicrobial/Antifungal-Treated Newborns - add-on Study) [NCT00491426]		450 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care [NCT01431326]		3,520 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-11-30	Completed
Antibiotic Plasma Concentrations During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy With a High Adsorption Membrane (oXiris®) [NCT04033029]		20 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-01-01	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-tazobactam in Neonates [NCT00873327]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Antimicrobial Therapy for Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Among Patients Colonized With Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae : Efficacy of a Strategy Using Piperacillin-tazobactam as Empirical Treatment. [NCT04276480]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-16	Recruiting
Association of Antibiotic Utilization Measures and Control of ESBLs Producing Bacteria [NCT00478855]	Phase 4	500 participants	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
eXtended Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Intermediate- and High-risk Glands After Pancreatoduodenectomy to Reduce Clinically Relevant PostOperative Pancreatic Fistula: A Phase 2 Randomized Control Trial (X-POPF) [NCT05753735]	Phase 2	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-20	Recruiting
Pilot RCT of Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Definitive Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by AmpC Beta-lactamase Producing Enterobacter Spp., Citrobacter Freundii, Morganella Morganii, Providencia Spp. or Serratia Marcescens. in Low- [NCT02437045]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Pharmacokinetic of Doripenem and Piperacillin/Tazobactam in More Than 120 kg Critically Ill Patients [NCT01517815]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Completed
An Open-label, Randomized Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ampicillin/Sulbactam Administered Intravenously in the Empirical Treatment of Foot Infections in Diabetic Inpatients [NCT00044746]	Phase 4	314 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Multi-Center, Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Piperacillin/Tazobactam to Cefepime for the Empiric Treatment of Neutropenic Fever in Patients With a Hematologic Malignancy or Lymphoma [NCT00044759]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Standard vs. Biofilm Susceptibility Testing in CF [NCT00153634]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Randomized, Open-label, Comparative Study of Zosyn (Pip/Tazo [12g/1.5g]) Administered by Daily 24hr Continuous Infusion vs Zosyn (Pip/Tazo) [3g/0.375g]) q6h for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection [NCT00044928]	Phase 4	262 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Completed
Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Urinary Infections. [NCT00195286]		180 participants (Actual)	Observational	2004-06-30	Completed
Optimized Treatment for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis; Active Observation With or Without Antibiotic Treatment [NCT03985514]	Phase 4	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-15	Completed
Comparison of Medical and Surgical Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Children [NCT02991937]	Phase 4	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Completed
A Prospective, Multicenter, Double-Blind With In-House Blinding, Randomized, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability, of Ertapenem Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections in Adults. [NCT00229112]	Phase 3	400 participants	Interventional	2001-04-30	Completed
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Multinational, Centrally Randomized, Two-Arm Parallel-Group Study to Demonstrate the Non-Inferiority in Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin 750mg od in Comparison With Piperacillin/Tazobactam 4g/500mg Every 8 Hours in the Treatme [NCT00253955]	Phase 3	460 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
Continuous-infusion Anti-pseudomonal β-lactams for the Treatment of Acute, Infective Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis [NCT01667094]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Active, not recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Support [NCT03922451]		4 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-08-27	Terminated(stopped due to COVID-19 - study and recruitment not feasible)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Prophylaxis in Patients of Neutropenia After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - A Pilot Study [NCT01714557]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label Study of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Versus Imipenem/Cilastin for Empirical Therapy of Febrile Patients With Neutropenia After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01714570]		123 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Assessing the Longitudinal Outcomes of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Versus ceftriAxone and Metronidazole for Children With Perforated Appendicitis (ALPACA): a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05943223]	Phase 2	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Per Oral Versus Intravenous Postoperative Antibiotics After Surgery for Complicated Appendicitis: A Cluster Randomized Cluster Crossover Non-Inferiority Study. [NCT04803422]		2,631 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-01	Recruiting
Antibiotic Safety in Infants With Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections (SCAMP Trial) [NCT01994993]	Phase 2/Phase 3	260 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Completed
TAID Study - A Prospective Interventional Trial on Antibiotics Continuous Infusion at Home [NCT04816968]	Phase 1	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Continuous Infusion vs Intermittent Infusion for Complicated or Nosocomial Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection or Suspected Infection [NCT01577368]	Phase 3	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Study Evaluating Efficacy/Safety/Tolerability of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Compared to Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Adult Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis [NCT02166476]	Phase 3	550 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-20	Completed
Vancomycin Versus Placebo in Persistently Febrile Granulocytopenic Patients Given Piperacillin/Tazobactam [NCT00003805]	Phase 3	859 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-11-30	Completed
Amplification and Selection of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Intestine II [NCT03140826]		60 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-01-30	Completed
Postoperative Anti-infective Strategy Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Patients With Preoperative Biliary Stent [NCT06123169]	Phase 3	326 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Piperacillin-tazobactam and Temocillin as Carbapenem-alternatives for the Treatment of Severe Infections Due to Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-Producing Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae in the Intensive Care Unit [NCT05565222]	Phase 3	600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-11	Recruiting
Extended-infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam Versus Intermittent-Infusion Dosing Strategy in Critically Ill Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Bacterial Infections. [NCT04895657]	Phase 4	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-27	Completed
Phase Ⅱ, Randomized, Double-Blind,Double-Dummy Study Evaluating Safety,Tolerability,Efficacy of Meropenem-FL058 in Adult Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis [NCT05060419]	Phase 2	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-08	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ceftolozane/Tazobactam With That of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia [NCT01853982]	Phase 3	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-14	Terminated(stopped due to Terminated to focus on a larger study within the clinical development program.)
A Phase IIIb, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Asso [NCT03006679]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor Decision)
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children [NCT02466438]	Phase 1	141 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Recruiting
PipEracillin/Tazobactam vs mERoPENem for Treatment of AmpC-producing Bloodstream Infections: an Extension of the Original PETERPEN Trial [NCT05355350]	Phase 4	1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-label, Randomized, 2-period, Crossover Study to Assess the Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Piperacillin/Tazobactam on the Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Lumicitabine (JNJ-64041575) in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT03441529]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-09	Completed
A Single-Center, Randomized, Open-label, Prospective, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) Plus Vancomycin or Linezolid Versus Standard of Care Plus Vancomycin or Linezolid as Empiric The [NCT02732327]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-17	Terminated(stopped due to No longer aligned with the revised clinical development plan and commercial strategy)
A Single-center, Multi-arm, Open-label, Randomized, 3-period, Crossover, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the DDI, PK, Safety, and Tolerability of Single Doses of SPR741 Co-administered With Three Different Antibiotics in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03376529]	Phase 1	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-10	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Obese Patients [NCT01923363]		29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-25	Completed
Efficacy of Oral Antibiotic Therapy Compared to Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis (CRO-OSTEOMYELITIS) [NCT02168816]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-19	Terminated(stopped due to The study was stopped for feasibility (i.e., low recruitment))
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Assessed as Improvements by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at the During Treatment Day 3-5 in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Cured Participants as Determined by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at Test of Cure Visit in the Per Protocol (PP) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Cured Participants as Determined by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at Test of Cure Visit in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) at 3 to 5 Days After Start of Treatment in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) at 3 to 5 Days After Start of Treatment in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 7 - 21 Days of Treatment in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 7 - 21 Days of Treatment in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Assessed as Resolution by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at End of Therapy in the Per Protocol (PP) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 14 - 28 Days After Last Dose of Study Medication in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 14 - 28 Days After Last Dose of Study Medication in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Assessed as Resolution by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at End of Therapy in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population
NCT00402727 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Assessed as Improvements by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at the During Treatment Day 3-5 in the Per Protocol (PP) Population
NCT00873327 (1) [back to overview]	Piperacillin Pharmacokinetics (PK)
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to an AE
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Day 5 of IV Study Therapy
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Both Favorable Clinical and Microbiological Response Assessments at FUA Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Drug-related AEs
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Discontinuation of Intravenous (IV) Study Therapy (DCIV)
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Follow-up Assessment (FUA) Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response Assessments at FUA Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With One or More Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01370616 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serious AEs (SAEs)
NCT01923363 (4) [back to overview]	Serum Minimum Concentrations of Piperacillin
NCT01923363 (4) [back to overview]	Serum Maximum Concentrations for Piperacillin
NCT01923363 (4) [back to overview]	Half-life of Piperacillin
NCT01923363 (4) [back to overview]	Volume of Distribution of Piperacillin
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Intestinal Perforation
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Intestinal Stricture
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Positive Blood Cultures
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Seizure
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Short Bowel Syndrome
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Therapeutic Success at Day 30
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Gastrointestinal Surgeries
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Death
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Progressed to a Higher Stage of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), if NEC is the Cause of the Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Feeding Intolerance
NCT01994993 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Grade 3 and/or Grade 4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (EMA) In The m-MITT Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The Microbiological Modified Intent-To-Treat (m-MITT) Population Who Achieved Overall Success At The End Of Intravenous Treatment Visit
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The Microbiological Evaluable (ME) Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication At The TOC Visit
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication At The Test Of Cure Visit
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The ME Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (FDA) In The m-MITT Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The ME Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The m-MITT Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The Clinical Evaluable (CE) Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The ME Population With Overall Success
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population With Overall Success
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetic (PK) Characterization Of Plasma Exposure Of Meropenem/Vaborbactam
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (FDA) In The ME Population
NCT02166476 (15) [back to overview]	Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (EMA) In The ME Population
NCT02753946 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With an Overall Success
NCT02753946 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With a Response of Microbiologic Eradication
NCT02753946 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With a Response of Clinical Cure in Various Protocol Populations
NCT02991937 (3) [back to overview]	Readmission Rates
NCT02991937 (3) [back to overview]	Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scale - Parent
NCT02991937 (3) [back to overview]	Incidence of Long-term Complications in Medical Therapy Group
NCT03019965 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Response
NCT03019965 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Complications
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Duration of Antibiotic Therapy
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Radiographic Imaging Studies
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Parents Away From Work
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Recurrent Appendicitis
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Percutaneous Drainage Procedures
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Quality of Life (PedsQL)
NCT03159754 (9) [back to overview]	Quality of Life (PedsQL)
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the mMITT Analysis Set at Test of Cure (TOC)
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the MITT Analysis Set at TOC
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the ME Analysis Set at LFU.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the ME Analysis Set at EOIV.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Infection-related Mortality in the MITT Analysis Set at LFU
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response in the mMITT Analysis Set at LFU.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Infection-related Mortality in the mMITT Analysis Set at LFU.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Infection-related Mortality the mMITT Analysis Set at TOC
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the Clinically Evaluable (CE) Analysis Set at EOIV.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the CE Analysis Set at TOC
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Infection-related Mortality in the MITT Analysis Set at TOC
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the CE Analysis Set at LFU.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response in the mMITT Analysis Set at EOIV.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response at End of Inpatient Intravenous Therapy (EOIV)
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Favorable Microbiological Response in the mMITT Analysis Set at TOC.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	30 Day All-cause Mortality in the mMITT Analysis Set
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response in the ME Analysis Set at TOC.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response in the ME Analysis Set at LFU
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response in the ME Analysis Set at EOIV.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	30 Day All-cause Mortality in the MITT Analysis Set
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the mMITT Analysis Set at Late Follow-Up (LFU)
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the MITT Analysis Set at Late Follow-Up (LFU)
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the Microbiological Modified Intent-to-treat (mMITT) Analysis Set at EOIV.
NCT03485950 (24) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response in the ME Analysis Set at TOC
NCT04042077 (5) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay (LOS)
NCT04042077 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Eligible to Switch to Oral Formulation According to Blinded Observer's Assessment
NCT04042077 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Success at Test Of Cure Visit
NCT04042077 (5) [back to overview]	Microbiological Response
NCT04042077 (5) [back to overview]	Hospital Infection Related Length of Stay (IRLOS)
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Gram-negative Bacterial Resistance Emergence Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens.
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Length of Stay Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Microbiologic Eradication Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Mortality Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Percent of Time Free Drug Concentrations Remain Above Four Multiples of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (%fT>4xMIC) in the Dosing Interval Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Percent of Time Free Drug Concentrations Remain Above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (%fT>MIC) in the Dosing Interval Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Superinfection Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens.
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Cure at the End of Therapy Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens
NCT05102162 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Cure at Day 7 of Therapy Between Patients Treated With Continuous and Intermittent Infusion Beta-lactam Regimens

Percentage of Participants Assessed as Improvements by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at the During Treatment Day 3-5 in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

"Clinical response was evaluated by the investigator and graded as improvement in signs and symptoms, or failure to respond, or indeterminate at Day 3 to 5 after treatment start based on subject data for clinical signs and symptoms at each visit, concomitant medication, microbiology results, laboratory tests and interpretation of photographs" (NCT00402727)
Timeframe: 3 - 5 days after start of treatment

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Moxifloxacin	97.2
PIP/TAZ-AMC	95.8

Intervention	milligrams per liter (Mean)
	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 3.375 grams	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 9 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to 80 mL/min) on 3.375 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to 80 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to 80 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to 80 mL/min) on 9 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 2.25 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 3.375 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 2.25 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 3.375 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 4.5 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 6.75 grams
Standard Dose to High Dose Piperacillin/Tazobactam	8.9	11.1	27.0	10.3	47.4	52.5	72.6	54.1	78.8	207	142	148	99	143	181	234

Intervention	milligrams per liter (Mean)
	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 3.375 grams	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 1 (CrCl > 80 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 1 (CrCl >/= 80 mL/min) on 9 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to < 80 mL/min) on 3.375 gram	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to < 80 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to < 80 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 2 (CrCl >/= 40 to < 80 mL/min) on 9 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 2.25 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 3.375 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 4.5 grams	Group 3 (CrCl < 40 mL/min) on 6.75 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 2.25 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 3.375 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 4.5 grams	Group 4 (HD) on 6.75 grams
Standard Dose to High Dose Piperacillin/Tazobactam	136	190	237	332	144	214	244	191	176	296	265	299	158	223	275	397

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Day 3: E. cloacae	EOIVT: E. cloacae	EOT: E. cloacae	TOC: E. cloacae	LFU: E. cloacae	Day 3: E. faecalis	EOIVT: E. faecalis	EOT: E. faecalis	TOC: E. faecalis	LFU: E. faecalis	Day 3: E. coli	EOIVT: E. coli	EOT: E. coli	TOC: E. coli	LFU: E. coli	Day 3: K. pneumoniae	EOIVT: K. pneumoniae	EOT: K. pneumoniae	TOC: K. pneumoniae	LFU: K. pneumoniae
Meropenem-Vaborbactam	10	10	10	9	8	13	13	12	5	9	124	123	112	89	90	29	29	27	19	15
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	3	5	5	3	2	14	14	13	11	9	106	107	100	68	68	24	26	24	14	12

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Day 3: FDA	EOIVT: FDA	EOT: FDA	TOC: FDA	LFU: FDA	Day 3: EMA	EOIVT: EMA	EOT: EMA	TOC: EMA	LFU: EMA
Meropenem-Vaborbactam	177	178	163	122	122	174	178	160	118	120
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	160	166	156	109	99	157	166	156	102	94

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Day 3: Improvement	EOIVT: Cure	EOIVT: Improvement	EOT: Cure	EOT: Improvement	TOC: Cure	LFU: Cure
Meropenem-Vaborbactam	175	148	30	170	3	164	156
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	164	138	30	161	3	153	139

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	EOIVT	TOC
Meropenem-Vaborbactam	178	134
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	165	124

Intervention	ug·hour/mL (Mean)
	AUC0-24: Day 1	AUC0-24: Steady-State
Meropenem-Vaborbactam	803	798

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intermittent. Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem	178
Prolonged Infusion. Continuous Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Extended Imipenem, Extended Meropenem	169

Intervention	days (Mean)
Early Appendectomy	6.3
Interval Appendectomy	5.1
No Appendectomy	5.4

Intervention	number of imaging procedures/participant (Mean)
Early Appendectomy	1.96
Interval Appendectomy	2.04
No Appendectomy	1.88

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	1 drainage	2 drainage procedures
Early Appendectomy	4	1
Interval Appendectomy	4	0
No Appendectomy	1	0

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	1 month GI QOL	2 year Peds QL (parental report)	2 year Peds QL teen report
Early Appendectomy	80.18	86.3	87.34

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	TOC Visit72552475		TOC Visit72552474	EOT Visit72552474	EOT Visit72552475
	Eradicated	Persisted
Delafloxacin	94
Best Available Therapy	81
Delafloxacin	11
Best Available Therapy	21
Delafloxacin	80
Best Available Therapy	64
Delafloxacin	25
Best Available Therapy	38

Intervention	Bacteria isolates (Number)
Continuous Antibiotic Dose Over 24 Hours Arm	4
Intermittent Antibiotic Dose Over 30 Minutes	8

piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (13)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (1,207)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (103)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Percentage of Participants Assessed as Improvements by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at the During Treatment Day 3-5 in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

Percentage of Cured Participants as Determined by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at Test of Cure Visit in the Per Protocol (PP) Population

Percentage of Cured Participants as Determined by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at Test of Cure Visit in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) at 3 to 5 Days After Start of Treatment in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) at 3 to 5 Days After Start of Treatment in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 7 - 21 Days of Treatment in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 7 - 21 Days of Treatment in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms

Percentage of Participants Assessed as Resolution by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at End of Therapy in the Per Protocol (PP) Population

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 14 - 28 Days After Last Dose of Study Medication in the Microbiological Valid (MBV) Population

Percentage of Participants With Bacteriological Success (BS) After 14 - 28 Days After Last Dose of Study Medication in the ITT Population With Causative Organisms

Percentage of Participants Assessed as Resolution by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at End of Therapy in the Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

Percentage of Participants Assessed as Improvements by the Data Review Committee (DRC) at the During Treatment Day 3-5 in the Per Protocol (PP) Population

Piperacillin Pharmacokinetics (PK)

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to an AE

Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Day 5 of IV Study Therapy

Percentage of Participants With Both Favorable Clinical and Microbiological Response Assessments at FUA Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy

Percentage of Participants With Drug-related AEs

Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Discontinuation of Intravenous (IV) Study Therapy (DCIV)

Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response Assessments at Follow-up Assessment (FUA) Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy

Percentage of Participants With Favorable Microbiological Response Assessments at FUA Day 10 of Post-antibiotic Study Therapy

Percentage of Participants With One or More Adverse Events (AEs)

Percentage of Participants With Serious AEs (SAEs)

Serum Minimum Concentrations of Piperacillin

Serum Maximum Concentrations for Piperacillin

Half-life of Piperacillin

Volume of Distribution of Piperacillin

Number of Participants With Intestinal Perforation

Number of Participants With Intestinal Stricture

Number of Participants With Positive Blood Cultures

Number of Participants With Seizure

Number of Participants With Short Bowel Syndrome

Number of Participants With Therapeutic Success at Day 30

Number of Participants With Gastrointestinal Surgeries

Death

Number of Participants Progressed to a Higher Stage of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), if NEC is the Cause of the Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection

Number of Participants With Feeding Intolerance

Number of Participants With Grade 3 and/or Grade 4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (EMA) In The m-MITT Population

Proportion Of Participants In The Microbiological Modified Intent-To-Treat (m-MITT) Population Who Achieved Overall Success At The End Of Intravenous Treatment Visit

Proportion Of Participants In The Microbiological Evaluable (ME) Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication At The TOC Visit

Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication At The Test Of Cure Visit

Proportion Of Participants In The ME Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication

Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (FDA) In The m-MITT Population

Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The ME Population

Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The m-MITT Population

Proportion Of Participants With A Clinical Outcome Of Cure In The Clinical Evaluable (CE) Population

Proportion Of Participants In The ME Population With Overall Success

Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population With Overall Success

Proportion Of Participants In The m-MITT Population Who Achieved A Microbiologic Outcome Of Eradication

Pharmacokinetic (PK) Characterization Of Plasma Exposure Of Meropenem/Vaborbactam

Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (FDA) In The ME Population

Per-Pathogen Microbiological Outcome (EMA) In The ME Population

Number of Patients With an Overall Success

Number of Patients With a Response of Microbiologic Eradication

Number of Patients With a Response of Clinical Cure in Various Protocol Populations

Readmission Rates

Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scale - Parent

Incidence of Long-term Complications in Medical Therapy Group

Number of Participants With Clinical Response

Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Complications

Duration of Antibiotic Therapy

Length of Stay

Number of Radiographic Imaging Studies