Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "Obstructive lymphedema is a pathologic condition resulting in the accumulation and stagnation of serum proteins in the lymphatics and interstitial spaces." | ( Barton, RM; Chen, HC; Coe, SA; Collopy, PA; Knight, KR; McCann, JJ; O'Brien, BM; Vanderkolk, CA, 1987) |
| "In conclusion, most lymphedema is of a secondary type." | ( Idezuki, Y; Nemoto, T; Togawa, T; Yamazaki, Z, 1988) |
| "The pathogenesis of lymphedema is briefly reviewed." | ( Casley-Smith, JR, 1988) |
| "Although lymphedema is a fairly common condition, cutaneous vesicles and bullae due to reflux of lymphatic fluid are rare." | ( Groff, JW; White, JW, 1988) |
| "Four stages of lymphedema are also distinguished: Stage I - latent lymphedema Stage II - reversible lymphedema Stage III - irreversible lymphedema Stage IV - Elephantiasis." | ( Dustmann, HO, 1982) |
| "Lymphedema is still a difficult clinical problem, poorly investigated and new methods of evaluation are needed to improve the understanding of its pathophysiology." | ( Belcaro, G; Cesarone, MR; De Sanctis, MT; Incandela, L; Laurora, G, 1995) |
| "Congenital lymphedema is an uncommon condition that causes unilateral limb swelling." | ( Ameen, J; Mestan, MA, 1998) |
| "Lymphedema is often diagnosed by its characteristic clinical presentation." | ( Boccardo, F; Campisi, C, 2002) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic disorder which can adversely affect quality of life (QOL)." | ( Spray, BJ; Weiss, JM, 2002) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is considered as the best indication using microlymphaticovenous anastomosis." | ( Trévidic, P; Vignes, S, 2002) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is a localized, acquired lymphatic microcirculatory disturbance that affects large numbers of patients after breast cancer therapy." | ( Rockson, SG; Sirsikar, SP; Strauss, W; Szuba, A, 2002) |
| "Nonne-Milroy lymphedema is a relatively rare disorder characterized by firm edema of the lower extremities either on the whole leg or limited to the feet or toes." | ( Anteby, EY; Hamani, Y; Lev-Sagie, A; Raas-Rothschild, A; Yagel, S, 2003) |
| "Treatment of lymphedema is based upon decongestive physiotherapy including low stretch bandages." | ( Boursier, V; Trévidic, P; Vignes, S, 2005) |
| "Lymphedema is a common clinical problem." | ( Anirudhan, N; Gokhale, S; Indirani, M; Manokaran, G; Shelley, S, 2006) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic progressive and significantly disabling disease that affects over 150 million people worldwide." | ( Farinola, N; Piller, NB, 2007) |
| "Lymphedema is known to be caused by many pathologic conditions; however, its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies remain to be unestablished." | ( Azuma, R; Kikuchi, M; Koshima, I; Morimoto, Y; Ogata, F, 2007) |
| "Lymphedema is an increasingly observed complication of sirolimus (SIR) therapy." | ( Ahamed, N; Al-Kandari, N; Al-Mousawi, M; Al-Otaibi, T; Hallm, MA; Nair, P; Nampoory, MR; Said, T; Samhan, M, 2007) |
| "Lymphedema is a common condition involving an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial space that causes swelling, most often in the arm(s) and leg(s)." | ( Garra, BS; Kraemer-Chant, CM; Krouskop, TA; Mobbs, LM; Ophir, J; Righetti, R, 2007) |
| "Lymphedema is an under-reported and debilitating consequence of axillary node dissection among breast cancer survivors." | ( Alfano, CM; Bittoni, MA; Day, JM; Donohue, K; Herndon, JE; Katz, ML; Oliveri, JM; Paskett, ED, 2008) |
| "Lymphedema is common after inguinal lymphadenectomy or resection of groin tumors." | ( Parrett, BM; Pribaz, JJ; Sepic, J, 2009) |
| "The presence of lymphedema is likely the predisposing factor for development of recurrent infections in such patients." | ( Dang, S; Davies, D; Sigal, Y, 2009) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic problem causing distress and loss of functions throughout the lifespan." | ( Furutani, A; Hamano, K; Kawamoto, R; Kinoshita, Y; Nakao, F; Nakao, H; Suzuki, S; Yoshimura, K, 2009) |
| "Lymphedema is a very uncommon entity and has not been previously documented in SLE." | ( Gumdal, N; Habibi, S; Rajasekhar, L; Sudhakar, P, 2013) |
| "The presence of lymphedema is defined by a value of this ratio greater than the mean ratio plus three standard deviations (SD) observed in a comparable healthy population." | ( Czerniec, S; Dylke, E; Isenring, E; Kilbreath, SL; Ward, LC, 2011) |
| "The presence of lymphedema is indicated when the impedance ratio exceeds 1." | ( Czerniec, S; Dylke, E; Isenring, E; Kilbreath, SL; Ward, LC, 2011) |
| "Lymphedema is a complication that may occur after surgical resection and radiation treatment in a number of cancer types and is especially debilitating in regions where treatment options are limited." | ( Fife, CE; Guilliod, R; Marshall, MV; Maus, EA; Rasmussen, JC; Sevick-Muraca, EM; Smith, LA; Tan, IC, 2012) |
| "Assessment of lymphedema is frequently based upon measuring the increase in volume of the affected region compared to that of a comparable unaffected region." | ( Dylke, ES; Kilbreath, SL; Ward, LC, 2012) |
| "Lymphedema is mainly caused by lymphatic obstruction and manifested as tissue swelling, often in the arms and legs." | ( Chen, L; Choi, D; Choi, I; Chung, HK; Ecoiffier, T; Hong, YK; Kim, KE; Kim, NY; Koh, CJ; Ladner, RD; Lee, HN; Lee, S; Lee, YS; Lenz, HJ; Maeng, YS; Park, EK; Petasis, NA, 2013) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating condition, and genetic factors predisposing to its development remain largely unknown." | ( Boshoff, C; Fujita, T; Henderson, S; Mäkinen, T; Nikitenko, LL; Pedley, RB; Qureshi, U; Rees, MC; Shimosawa, H; Shimosawa, T, 2013) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is defined as swelling of the limbs caused by retention of lymph after cancer therapy." | ( Hara, H; Hayashi, Y; Iida, T; Koshima, I; Mihara, M; Murai, N; Narushima, M; Todokoro, T; Yamamoto, T, 2014) |
| "Lower limb lymphedema is difficult to prevent and diagnose early because its natural history is unclear." | ( Aoki, D; Fujii, T; Hara, H; Kisu, I; Liu, M; Mihara, M; Miyata, C; Okitsu, T; Otaka, Y; Tsuji, T, 2012) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is one of the sequella of cancer treatment that in inadequately understood." | ( Fujimoto, E; Takeno, Y, 2013) |
| "Lymphedema is a common complication in breast carcinoma patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection." | ( Gandhi, SJ; Satish, C; Shanmuga Sundaram, P; Subramanyam, P; Vijaykumar, DK, 2014) |
| "Lymphedema is classified as a congenital disorder or acquired disorder." | ( Fujimoto, N; Honda, S; Nakanishi, G; Tachibana, T; Tanaka, T, 2014) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive, and multifactorial disease." | ( Jeon, WH; Jeung, HJ; Kim, DK; Kim, GC; Park, SI; Sim, YJ, 2014) |
| "Lymphedema is common; experienced by one in eight women following endometrial cancer." | ( Beesley, VL; Brand, A; Hayes, SC; Janda, M; Leung, Y; Marquart, L; McQuire, L; O'Rourke, P; Obermair, A; Oehler, MK; Quinn, MA; Rowlands, IJ; Spurdle, AB; Webb, PM, 2015) |
| "Lymphedema is a feared complication of many patients following axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer." | ( Ansteth, M; Carl, A; Garreau, J; Glissmeyer, M; Johnson, N; Pasko, JL, 2015) |
| "Lower-limb lymphedema is an incurable illness manifesting as visible swelling enlarging the leg(s) and/or feet, buttocks, and genitals." | ( Boyages, J; Koelmeyer, LA; Mackie, H; Sherman, KA; Smith, KM; Winch, CJ, 2016) |
| "Lymphedema is treated using complete decongestive therapy (CDT) with manual lymph drainage and compressive bandaging or stockings." | ( Harzendorf, C; Hirsch, T; Schmidt, A, 2017) |
| "Acquired lymphedema is one of the most dreaded side effects of cancer treatment, such as surgical treatment or irradiation." | ( Cho, S; Kang, H; Kim, SK; Kim, WK; Ku, JM; Lee, K; Lee, S; Park, JH; Park, K; Roh, K; Yeom, CH; Yoo, BC, 2017) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is still a worldwide problem." | ( Hadrian, R; Palmes, D, 2017) |
| "Lymphedema is an irreversible inflammatory condition caused by accumulated lymph fluid and is associated with chronic swelling and increased risk of cellulitis." | ( Hodgson, P; Shallwani, SM; Towers, A, 2017) |
| "Lymphedema is uncommon after elective hand surgery among survivors and was not associated with tourniquet use." | ( Baltzer, HL; Fox, PM; Harvey, J; Moran, SL, 2017) |
| "Acquired lymphedema is a pathological condition associated with lymphatic dysfunction caused by surgical treatments for cancer." | ( Kang, H; Kim, S; Ku, JM; Lee, S; Park, KW; Roh, K, 2017) |
| "Acquired lymphedema is a cancer sequela and a global health problem currently lacking pharmacologic therapy." | ( Begaye, A; Cribb, M; Dhillon, GS; Dixon, JB; Feroze, AH; Jiang, X; Kim, J; Kitajewski, J; Nepiyushchikh, Z; Nicolls, MR; Peters-Golden, M; Rockson, SG; Shuffle, EM; Tian, W; Tu, AB; Voelkel, NF; Zamanian, RT, 2017) |
| "Although genital lymphedema is a challenging disease, its mechanism is unclear." | ( Hara, H; Mihara, M, 2017) |
| "Lymphedema is the result of an alteration of the lymphatic drainage, and its most common worldwide cause is filariasis." | ( Fernández-Palacios, J; García-Duque, O; Pacheco, YD, 2018) |
| "Lymphedema is a challenging condition that occurs as a complication to many life-limiting medical conditions." | ( Liao, P; Rossini, K; Sauls, R, 2019) |
| "Lymphedema is caused by insufficient lymphatic drainage leading to abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid within soft tissues." | ( Brussaard, C; De Baerdemaeker, R; de Mey, J; Hamdi, M; Hendrickx, B; Koning, M; Zeltzer, AA, 2018) |
| "Lymphedema is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system." | ( Annoscia, P; Elia, R; Giudice, G; Leuzzi, S; Maruccia, M; Nacchiero, E; Vestita, M, 2018) |
| "Lymphedema is a common condition affecting millions around the world that still lacks approved medical therapy." | ( Haddad, F; Jiang, X; Kim, J; Kuznetsova, T; Mehrara, B; Nicolls, MR; Roche, L; Rockson, SG; Sampson, JP; Tian, W; Zampell, J, 2018) |
| "Lymphedema is classified as primary or secondary according to the underlying cause." | ( Fujioka, Y; Harima, M; Imai, H; Koshima, I; Nagamatsu, S; Sasaki, A; Tashiro, K; Yamashita, S; Yokota, K; Yoshida, S, 2020) |
| "Lymphedema is a serious long-term complication in breast cancer patients post-surgery; however, the influence of multimodal therapy on its occurrence remains unclear." | ( Arsene-Henry, A; Byun, HK; Chang, JS; Cho, YU; Choi, SH; Im, SH; Keum, KC; Kim, GM; Kim, JW; Kim, JY; Kim, YB; Kirova, YM; Lee, IJ; Park, HS; Sohn, JH; Suh, CO, 2021) |
| "Lymphedema is a widespread complication after surgery or radiation therapy due to the damage and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels." | ( Josephine, DSP, 2019) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic condition that carries a significant physical, psychosocial, and economic burden." | ( Carroll, B; Donohoe, KJ; Fleishman, A; James, TA; Johnson, AR; Lee, BT; Shillue, K; Singhal, D; Tran, BNN; Tsai, LL, 2019) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic accumulation of interstitial fluid due to inefficient lymph drainage." | ( Beccari, T; Bertelli, M; Dautaj, A; Kiani, AK; Manara, E; Michelini, S; Paolacci, S, 2020) |
| " Extremity lymphedema is a dreaded complication of ilioinguinal or axillary lymphadenectomy." | ( Cakmakoglu, C; Gastman, B; Kwiecien, GJ; Schwarz, GS, 2020) |
| "Lower extremity lymphedema is a chronic, often irreversible condition that affects many patients treated for gynecologic malignancies, with published rates as high as 70% in select populations." | ( Aviki, E; Dessources, K; Leitao, MM, 2020) |
| "Lymphedema is a public health problem in countries with lymphatic filariasis (LF) including Mali." | ( Colebunders, R; Coulibaly, ME; Coulibaly, SY; Coulibaly, YI; Diallo, AA; Diarra, Y; Dolo, H; Doumbia, S; Doumbia, SS; Konipo, FN; Nutman, TB; Sangare, M; Sangare, MB; Soumaoro, L, 2020) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating condition that significantly affects patient's quality of life (QoL)." | ( Cornelissen, AJM; Pruimboom, T; Qiu, SS; Schols, RM; van der Hulst, RRWJ; van Kuijk, SMJ, 2020) |
| "CASE REPORT Primary lymphedema is inherited in through an autosomal dominant pattern." | ( Javaid, M; Khan, HS; Malik, A; Malik, J; Mohsin, M; Shoaib, M, 2021) |
| "Lymphedema is a chronic edema that sometimes occurs after treatment of gynecologic cancer, and cellulitis often occurs concomitantly with lymphedema." | ( Hara, H; Mihara, M; Todokoro, T, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a frequent debilitating condition among cancer patients." | ( Aleisa, A; Menzer, C; Musthaq, S; Rossi, A; Wilson, BN, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating disease and may be a comorbidity of obesity." | ( Beccari, T; Bertelli, M; Bonetti, G; Ceccarini, MR; Dautaj, A; Dhuli, K; Guerri, G; Maltese, PE; Marceddu, G; Michelini, S; Paolacci, S; Precone, V, 2021) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating morbidity." | ( Cheng, MH; Francis, EC; Kim, BS; Lin, MC, 2022) |
| " Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by progressive edema with complicated treatment." | ( Jonas, F; Kalbacova, MH; Kesa, P; Mestak, O; Miletin, J; Molitor, M; Pankrac, J; Paral, P; Sefc, L; Stanek, K; Sukop, A, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating disease that impairs a patient's quality of life." | ( Lin, CH; Yamamoto, T, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating illness caused by insufficient lymph drainage, which can have serious physical and psychological consequences." | ( Gianesini, S; Maccarone, MC; Masiero, S; Menegatti, E; Venturini, E, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a medical condition that results in swelling and discomfort in human arms or legs." | ( Kapila, V; Pawar, M; Wazir, HK, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is often a clinical diagnosis; lymphoscintigraphy can be performed if the diagnosis is unclear." | ( DeMarco, A; Patel, H; Skok, C, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is often a clinical diagnosis; lymphoscintigraphy can be performed if the diagnosis is unclear." | ( DeMarco, A; Patel, H; Skok, C, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is often a clinical diagnosis; lymphoscintigraphy can be performed if the diagnosis is unclear." | ( DeMarco, A; Patel, H; Skok, C, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal lymphatic drainage, either due to primary maldevelopment of the lymphatic system or to secondary injury." | ( Bagwell, AK; Meyers, G; Nauta, AC; Radu, S; Wilson, J, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal lymphatic drainage, either due to primary maldevelopment of the lymphatic system or to secondary injury." | ( Bagwell, AK; Meyers, G; Nauta, AC; Radu, S; Wilson, J, 2022) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal soft tissue swelling and caused by lymphatic system dysfunction." | ( Bouz, A; Choi, D; Cooper, M; Hong, YK; Jiao, W; Jung, E; Kim, G; Park, SY; Sung, C; Wong, AK, 2023) |
| "Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal soft tissue swelling and caused by lymphatic system dysfunction." | ( Bouz, A; Choi, D; Cooper, M; Hong, YK; Jiao, W; Jung, E; Kim, G; Park, SY; Sung, C; Wong, AK, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a common condition often associated with cancer and its treatment, which leads to damage to the lymphatic system, and current treatments are mostly palliative rather than curative." | ( Abellán, E; Al-Sakkaf, AM; Campos, JL; Jara, MJ; Masiá, J; Pires, L; Pons, G; Rodriguez, E; Sánchez-Margallo, FM; Vela, FJ, 2022) |
| "Lymphedema is a common complication following breast cancer treatment with axillary lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy." | ( Baun, C; Bucan, A; Dalaei, F; Hansen, CR; Hejbøl, EK; Hvidsten, S; Jørgensen, MG; Schrøder, HD; Sørensen, JA; Wiinholt, A, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a global health problem with no effective drug treatment." | ( Bao, E; Chang, JL; Dixon, JB; Gu, S; Guan, T; Jiang, X; Kao, P; Kim, D; Lee, S; Nicolls, MR; Pan, J; Rockson, SG; Schneider, EC; Tian, W; Vinh, R; Wu, TT; Xiang, M; Zhu, Y, 2023) |
| "Lymphedema is a progressive condition." | ( Mohos, B; Nagy, BI; Tzou, CJ, 2023) |