RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]

RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding involves the interaction of specific proteins with DNA sequences located near the genes they regulate. These proteins, known as transcription factors, bind to these cis-regulatory regions and influence the rate at which RNA polymerase II transcribes the gene into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is essential for gene expression and the production of proteins.

Specifically, RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding involves:

1. **Recognition of specific DNA sequences:** Transcription factors contain DNA-binding domains that recognize and bind to specific nucleotide sequences within cis-regulatory regions. These sequences are typically short, ranging from 6 to 12 nucleotides.
2. **Regulation of transcription initiation:** Upon binding to the cis-regulatory region, transcription factors can influence the recruitment and assembly of RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors at the gene's promoter region. This can either enhance or repress transcription initiation.
3. **Modulation of chromatin structure:** Some transcription factors can alter the structure of chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins that packages genetic material within the nucleus. This can make the DNA more or less accessible to RNA polymerase II, thereby influencing transcription.
4. **Integration of cellular signals:** Transcription factors often act as sensors of cellular signals, such as hormones, growth factors, and stress signals. These signals can influence the activity of transcription factors, leading to changes in gene expression.

Overall, RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. It provides a highly specific and sophisticated mechanism for controlling which genes are transcribed and at what rate. This process is fundamental to cellular function, development, and response to environmental cues.'
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Proteins (105)

Compounds (4,682)