3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl profile

3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	36187
CHEMBL ID	344161
CHEBI ID	1367
SCHEMBL ID	137915
MeSH ID	M0091567

Synonym
BIDD:ER0452
3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-1,1'-biphenyl labeled with carbon-14
1,1'-biphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-, labeled with carbon-14
80333-65-9
3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro(14c-u)biphenyl
biphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-
1,2-dichloro-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloro-biphenyl
3,3',4,4'-tcb
4-cb
hsdb 3949
CHEBI:1367 ,
3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-1,1'-biphenyl
1,1'-biphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-
3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
inchi=1/c12h6cl4/c13-9-3-1-7(5-11(9)15)8-2-4-10(14)12(16)6-8/h1-6
32598-13-3
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
pcb 77
3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobinphenyl
CHEMBL344161 ,
unii-y2i6546tmi
ccris 8592
y2i6546tmi ,
bdbm50408357
pcb no 77
AKOS015903432
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl [hsdb]
tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3,4,3',4'-
SCHEMBL137915
UQMGJOKDKOLIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID5022514 ,
pcb no 77, analytical standard
pcb no. 77 10 microg/ml in isooctane
pcb no. 77
J-018797
3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorbiphenyl
Q26841257
pcb no. 77 100 microg/ml in isooctane
E78766
3,3',4,4'-pcb
CS-0199088
dtxcid102514
3c - group c soil and spiking solution
3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (pcb 77)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Toxic effects were observed at tissue levels of between 30 and 180 micrograms/g on a wet weight basis, and tissue levels appear to be a better indicator of toxicity than levels in water."	( Chronic toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,5,2',5'- and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and Aroclor 1242 in the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Borgmann, U; Norwood, WP; Ralph, KM, )	0.38
" With dosing regimens developed using these measured pharmacokinetic parameters, experiments were undertaken to compare toxic potency of these two TCBs when similar tissue concentrations of the two isomers were achieved in target and storage tissues."	( The pharmacokinetics of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and its relationship to toxicity. Clevenger, MA; Harbison, RD; James, RC; Lattin, DL; Roberts, SM, 1989)	0.28
" This means that 3TCB is at least 10 000 times more toxic in chick embryos than a previously studied isomer, 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2TCB)."	( Toxicity and distribution in chick embryos of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl injected into the eggs. Brunström, B; Darnerud, PO, 1983)	0.27
" LC was slightly more toxic to control hepatocytes than SC in the graded response range of 10-160 microM."	( Influences of various xenobiotic inducers on cytocidal toxicity of lasiocarpine and senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Cameron, RC; Farber, E; Hayes, MA; Jago, MV; Roberts, E; Safe, SH, 1984)	0.27
" Therefore, our aim was to evaluate in vitro toxic effects of hydroxylated PCB (PCB-22; 2',3',4',5'-tetrachloro-4-biphenylol) and PCB congener (PCB-77; 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) on Sertoli cells isolated from 19- to 21-day-old male rats."	( Toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cultured rat Sertoli cells. Finlay, MF; Flowers, AF; Millette, CF; Raychoudhury, SS, )	0.13
"In the present study, in vitro PCB 77 toxic potential, apoptosis induction and cell cycle alterations were investigated to reveal direct toxic effects on ovarian cells."	( PCB 77 action in ovary cells--toxic effects, apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Bilandžić, N; Brozovic, A; Kmetič, I; Kniewald, J; Miletić Gospić, A; Murati, T; Šimić, B, 2015)	0.42
"These results indicate toxic outcomes of PCB 77 at ovarian cellular level with regard to potential direct adverse effects to female reproductive system."	( PCB 77 action in ovary cells--toxic effects, apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Bilandžić, N; Brozovic, A; Kmetič, I; Kniewald, J; Miletić Gospić, A; Murati, T; Šimić, B, 2015)	0.42
"With the discharge of nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment, NPs can interact with coexisting organic pollutants, resulting in combined toxic effects."	( Combined toxic effects of TiO Li, Q; Wang, J; Xie, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, S, 2023)	0.91
" Toxic effects of ortho-PCB 153 (cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death) were mitigated by resveratrol."	( Resveratrol ameliorates ortho- polychlorinated biphenyls' induced toxicity in ovary cells. Kmetič, I; Kovač, V; Miletić, M; Murati, T; Petković, T; Pleadin, J; Šimić, B; Štrac, DŠ, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study investigated the effect of dietary micelle composition and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) exposure upon the subsequent systemic bioavailability and intestinal metabolism of [(14)C]-TCB in a catfish in situ intestinal preparation."	( Effect of micelle fatty acid composition and 3,4,3', 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) exposure on intestinal [(14)C]-TCB bioavailability and biotransformation in channel catfish in situ preparations. Doi, AM; Holmes, E; James, MO; Kleinow, KM; Li, C; Lou, Z; Venugopal, CS, 2000)	0.54
" Recent studies in mammals suggest that intestinal pgp may modulate intestinal bioavailability of dietary xenobiotics."	( P-glycoprotein in the catfish intestine: inducibility by xenobiotics and functional properties. Doi, AM; Holmes, E; Kleinow, KM, 2001)	0.31
" Results showed that bioavailability of the model compounds was reduced by the presence of DOM."	( Measuring the bioavailability of two hydrophobic organic compounds in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Akkanen, J; Kukkonen, JV, 2003)	0.32
" Bioavailability is assumed to coincide with the rapidly and, possibly, slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminant."	( Investigating the role of desorption on the bioavailability of sediment-associated 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in benthic invertebrates. Burton, GA; Gossiaux, DC; Greenberg, MS; Kukkonen, JV; Landrum, PF; Leppänen, MT; Robinson, SD, 2003)	0.54
"In bioavailability studies, the biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) is invoked to describe the thermodynamic partitioning of a hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) between the organism lipid and the organic carbon fraction of the sedimentary matrix and accounts for differences in bioavailability among sediments."	( The contrasting roles of sedimentary plant-derived carbon and black carbon on sediment-spiked hydrophobic organic contaminant bioavailability to Diporeia species and Lumbriculus variegatus. Gossiaux, DC; Gunnarsson, J; Kukkonen, JV; Landrum, PF; Mitra, S; Weston, D, 2005)	0.33
"Previous studies with the catfish in situ perfused intestinal preparation have demonstrated a significant decline in the intestinal bioavailability of a coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB 77)(14C-TCB) dose in animals pre-exposed in vivo to TCB."	( Intestinal bioavailability and biotransformation of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB 77) in in situ preparations of channel catfish following dietary induction of CYP1A. Doi, AM; Holmes, E; James, MO; Kleinow, KM; Lou, Z; Nyagode, B; Venugopal, CS, 2006)	0.33
"The desorption and bioavailability of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) were studied in spiked natural sediments at six concentrations."	( Influence of sediment ingestion and exposure concentration on the bioavailable fraction of sediment-associated tetrachlorobiphenyl in oligochaetes. Kukkonen, JV; Leppänen, MT; Sormunen, AJ, 2008)	0.35
"Black carbon (BC) and chemical properties may play a significant role in defining the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment."	( Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants. Akkanen, J; Kukkonen, JV; Lydy, MJ; Pehkonen, S; You, J, 2010)	0.36
" Thus, ingestion of microplastics by marine organisms potentially enhances the transport and bioavailability of toxic chemicals."	( Sorption of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl by microplastics: A case study of polypropylene. Gao, Y; Huang, Y; Peng, J; Wang, J; Xie, Q; Zhan, Z, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Scup were dosed ip with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (congener 77), 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (congener 105), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (congener 118), 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (congener 138), 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachlorobiphenyl (congener 128), or beta-naphthoflavone and examined for increases in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, immunodetectable cytochrome P450E (the EROD catalyst in scup), and in vitro translatable mRNA for P450E."	( Effects of ortho- and non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on the hepatic monooxygenase system in scup (Stenotomus chrysops). Elskus, AA; Gooch, JW; Hahn, ME; Kloepper-Sams, PJ; Stegeman, JJ, 1989)	0.28
" The birds were dosed orally with the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1242, or the individual PCB isomers, 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2-TCB) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3-TCB), and were killed 48 h later."	( Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on porphyrin synthesis and cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases in small intestine and liver of Japanese quail. Buhler, DR; Henderson, MC; Miranda, CL; Nakaue, HS; Wang, JL, 1987)	0.48
" Four metabolites were isolated from faeces of rats dosed with 3,4,3',4'-TCB."	( Metabolism in vivo of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and toxicological assessment of the metabolites in rats. Koga, N; Oguri, K; Saeki, S; Yamada, H; Yonemoto, Y; Yoshimura, H, 1987)	0.59
" The reduction in serum T4 levels was established from the earliest time point (2 weeks) throughout the whole dosing period (18-23 weeks)."	( Effects of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl on thyroid function and histology in marmoset monkeys. Brouwer, A; van den Berg, KJ; Zurcher, C, 1988)	0.66
" The results demonstrate that the dose-response relationships for hepatic induction and lethality are dissociated and that the maximal induction levels are not correlated with the incidence of lethality."	( Polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon lethality, mixed-function oxidase induction, and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase inhibition in the chick embryo: dissociation of dose-response relationships. Muschick, H; Reyes, J; Rifkind, AB; Sassa, S, 1985)	0.27
" Phenobarbital-induced embryos had an increased UDS response while TCB-induced embryos had a decreased UDS response, relative to noninduced embryos, for each dosage of AFB1."	( Correlation between mixed-function oxidase enzyme induction and aflatoxin B1-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in the chick embryo, in vivo. Bloom, SE; Hamilton, JW, 1984)	0.27
" In addition, we found that repeated oral dosing with the two TCB isomers caused an increase in in vitro liver microsomal generation of reactive metabolites of TCBs, indicating that the microsomal enzyme system is likely to play an important role in the in vivo covalent binding of TCB."	( Comparative studies on distribution and covalent tissue binding of 2,4,2',4'- and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl isomers in the rat. Sawabe, Y; Shimada, T, 1984)	0.49
"3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) was administered orally to adult female Sprague--Dawley rats in the oral dosage regimen, 5 mg X kg-1 X day-1 for 21 days, followed by a 22-day postdosing period."	( The disposition and the liver and thymus gland toxicity of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the female rat. Brien, JF; Clarke, DW; Marks, GS; Nakatsu, K; Racz, WJ, 1984)	0.27
"A teratological study was conducted in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats dosed orally with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol (ZN), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB), cadmium, or lead on days 6-18 of gestation."	( Induction of prenatal toxicity in the rat by diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3',4',-tetrachlorobiphenyl, cadmium, and lead. Bradshaw, WS; Seegmiller, RE; Wardell, RE, 1982)	0.26
" A dose-response for induction by TCB of P4501A protein was detected by Western blotting in both bursal and thymic microsomes."	( Detection and localization of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-induced P4501A protein in avian primary immune tissues. Bloom, SE; Lorr, NA; Sinclair, JF; Sinclair, PR, 1994)	0.29
" Results showed a dose-dependent uptake of radioactivity in plasma and liver, fetal plasma 14C-levels being about five-times higher in 10 mg/kg dosed animals as after 1 mg/kg."	( Binding of a 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-77) metabolite to fetal transthyretin and effects on fetal thyroid hormone levels in mice. Brouwer, A; Darnerud, PO; Klasson-Wehler, E; Morse, D, 1996)	0.29
" Glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in liver and white muscle of dosed fish."	( 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl effects on antioxidant enzymes and glutathione status in different tissues of rainbow trout. Moon, TW; Otto, DM, 1995)	0.29
" Instead, the dose-response curves (for EROD activity especially) peaked sharply at 1 muM Aroclor 1254, an effect attributed to changes in membrane fluidity or lipid content."	( P450 induction by Aroclor 1254 and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in cultured hepatocytes from rat, quail and man: interspecies comparison. De Waziers, I; Dubois, M; Kremers, P; Thome, JP, 1996)	0.29
" Reworking was measured at 10 and 22 degrees C in two sediments: a reference site sediment dosed with 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) and a field-collected sediment from a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site in Dicks Creek (DCC, Middletown, OH, USA)."	( Effect of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl on the reworking behavior of Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to contaminated sediment. Burton, GA; Eadie, BJ; Gossiaux, DC; Greenberg, M; Kukkonen, JV; Landrum, PF; Lansing, MB; Leppänen, M; Robinson, SD, 2004)	0.94
" Bioaccumulation experiments were performed with Lumbriculus variegatus and Diporeia species exposed in seven sediments dosed with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or pyrene (PY) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP)."	( The contrasting roles of sedimentary plant-derived carbon and black carbon on sediment-spiked hydrophobic organic contaminant bioavailability to Diporeia species and Lumbriculus variegatus. Gossiaux, DC; Gunnarsson, J; Kukkonen, JV; Landrum, PF; Mitra, S; Weston, D, 2005)	0.51
" Unlike PCB-77, rats receiving PCB-153 did not show the same Se dose-response effect; nevertheless, Se supplementation did not confer protection against foci development."	( Effect of dietary selenium on the promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis by 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. Glauert, HP; Lehmler, HJ; Morris, JS; Robertson, LW; Spate, VL; Spear, BT; Srinivasan, C; Stemm, DN; Tharappel, JC, 2008)	0.35
"The degradation of PCB77 in diatomite by microwave-induced catalytic oxidation was studied in a sealed vial, including four effects such as microwave (MV) radiating time, addition of different nano-particle metal oxides, concentration and type of acids and dosage of MnO2."	( [Catalytic degradation of PCB77 by microwave-induced nano-particle metal oxides in diatomite]. Dong, YH; Huang, GY; Zhao, L, 2009)	0.35
" It is now possible to make a dose-response curve up to 50% inhibition with bioactivated CB 77 and BDE 47."	( New approaches to assess the transthyretin binding capacity of bioactivated thyroid hormone disruptors. Bergman, A; Cocco, E; Guignard, C; Gutleb, AC; Hoffmann, L; Marsh, G; Montaño, M; Murk, AJ, 2012)	0.38
"Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs from 2 uncontaminated sites, the Patuxent Research Refuge (Laurel, MD, USA) and the Cobleskill Reservoir (Cobleskill, NY, USA) were dosed with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 77 to evaluate effects on the developing cardiovascular system."	( Effects of in ovo exposure to 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) on heart development in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Carro, T; Dean, KM; Ottinger, MA; Walker, MK, 2018)	0.48
" Results showed clear dose-response relationships for PCB 126 and the 2 PCB mixtures by logistic analysis of covariance using a varying threshold model because there was a low but significant slope for mortality of vehicle controls over incubation."	( Comparative Lethality of In ovo Exposure to PCB 126, PCB 77, and 2 Environmentally Relevant PCB Mixtures in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Baltos, LD; Bohannon, MEB; Carro, T; Dean, KM; Marcell, AM; Ottinger, MA, 2019)	0.51
" A prior study developed a cross-species quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) which can predict full dose-response curves of early life stage mortality for any species of bird or fish exposed to DLCs using the species- and chemical-specific 50% effect concentration (EC50) from an in vitro AhR transactivation assay with COS-7 cells."	( Predicting Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes from Exposure to Low-Potency Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Cross-Species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Approach. Doering, JA; Dubiel, J; Wiseman, S, 2020)	0.56
" We point out the importance of resveratrol dosage considering that synergistic cytotoxic effect with both PCB congeners is observed at concentrations ≥ 10 μM."	( Resveratrol ameliorates ortho- polychlorinated biphenyls' induced toxicity in ovary cells. Kmetič, I; Kovač, V; Miletić, M; Murati, T; Petković, T; Pleadin, J; Šimić, B; Štrac, DŠ, 2023)	0.91

Class	Description
tetrachlorobiphenyl	Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4.
dichlorobenzene	Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 1A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.7096	0.0015	2.2057	10.0000	AID39064
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.7096	0.0015	1.9769	10.0000	AID39064
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
blood vessel development	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of adaptive immune response	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-mediated signaling	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of B cell proliferation	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to forskolin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear receptor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
E-box binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID39064	Affinity on cytosolic Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (Ah)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 40, Issue:26	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships from molecular similarity matrices and genetic neural networks. 2. Applications.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	70 (21.88)	18.7374
1990's	96 (30.00)	18.2507
2000's	83 (25.94)	29.6817
2010's	58 (18.13)	24.3611
2020's	13 (4.06)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (0.29%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	338 (99.71%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	1.97	1	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.4	2	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.08	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzene [no description available]	6.96	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	1.96	1	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.46	2	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	1.99	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.97	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	1.99	1	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	1.99	1	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
cytosine [no description available]	2.08	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	1.99	1	imidazole
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	7.38	2	diatomic iodine	nutrient
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.4	2	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	1.98	1	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.42	2	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	1.96	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.01	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	2.08	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.1	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uroporphyrinogen iii Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.	3.07	5	uroporphyrinogen	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
bw 284 c 51 [no description available]	1.99	1
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	1.99	1	imidazoles
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	1.98	1	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.85	12	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.99	1	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	1.99	1	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	1.99	1	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	1.96	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	3.01	2	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	4.15	16	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	3.49	8	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	1.98	1	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	1.98	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.37	2	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.03	1	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.44	2	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.03	1	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.03	1	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	1.96	1	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	2.01	1	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	1.99	1	piperidines
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.38	2	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	1.96	1	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.97	1	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.01	1	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	1.97	1	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.97	1	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	8.99	14	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	1.96	1	diarylmethane
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	1.97	1	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	1.97	1	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	1.99	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.37	2	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.86	12	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.96	1	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.37	7	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	3.09	5	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	1.97	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	1.99	1	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.05	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.03	1	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.68	3	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.99	1	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	1.96	1	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.04	1	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.98	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
n-nitrosomorpholine N-nitrosomorpholine : A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco.	6.97	1	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.97	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.03	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	1.96	1	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.03	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
dinoseb dinoseb: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dinoseb : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.. 2-(butan-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol that is 2,4-dinitrophenol substituted by a butan-2-yl group at position 2.	1.98	1	dinitrophenol
veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups.	1.99	1	benzyl alcohols; dimethoxybenzene; primary alcohol	fungal metabolite
methyl nicotinate methyl nicotinate: erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories	2	1	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
2,4,5-trichlorophenol 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol : A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.	2.04	1	trichlorophenol
bromobenzene [no description available]	1.96	1	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	1.96	1	fatty acid ester
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	1.99	1	bromide salt
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.67	3	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
4-tert-octylphenol 4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source	2	1	alkylbenzene
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.01	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.06	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.	1.96	1
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	1.99	1
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.05	1	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	1.99	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.68	3	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	1.99	1	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	1.97	1	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester	hepatic steatosis inducing agent
2-methylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
o,p'-ddt o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.	2.03	1	diarylmethane
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.03	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.06	1	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
manganese dioxide [no description available]	2.05	1	manganese molecular entity; metal oxide
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.41	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	1.98	1	aliphatic nitrile
3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium 3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1
1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.43	2	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.42	2
4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl carrying chloro groups at positions 4 and 4' respectively.	2.38	2	dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes
4-chlorobiphenyl 4-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.41	2	monochlorobiphenyl
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure. 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.	4.23	18	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
butyrylcholine butyrylcholine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	acylcholine
octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
butyrylthiocholine Butyrylthiocholine: A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.. butyrylthiocholine : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of butyric acid with the thiol group of thiocholine. It is used as a reagent for determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.4	2	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.44	2
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.04	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	3.01	4	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.07	3	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.5	8	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	1.98	1	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.03	4	copper group element atom; elemental gold
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.63	2	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.25	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.1	1	cadmium coordination entity
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	3.07	3	titanium oxides	food colouring
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.38	2	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene: unwanted contaminant found in commercial synthesis of dichloroaniline or herbicides made from dichloroaniline; implicated in outbreak of acne in chemical workers	1.97	1
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.96	1	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.02	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
2-chlorodibenzofuran 2-chlorodibenzofuran: structure	1.99	1
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
pcb 118 [no description available]	2.92	4	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	4.23	5	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.86	12	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	3.25	6	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4.	2.45	2	tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	2	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: structure in first source	1.99	1
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	4.92	36	hexachlorobiphenyl
pcb 180 PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7	2.77	3	polychlorobiphenyl
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	9.2	17	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.4	2
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	1.99	1
2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.98	1
2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.46	2	dichlorobenzene; hexachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.6	1	hexachlorobiphenyl
2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: metabolite for 2,3,7,8-TCDD	1.99	1
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [no description available]	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin: structure given in first source. 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine : An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.	1.99	1	dibenzodioxine; organobromine compound
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: toxic product which was generated in Italy due to an explosion in a plant manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol	2.67	3	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.05	1	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	3.51	8
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.04	1	epoxide	intercalator
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran [no description available]	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.99	1	monochlorobenzenes; pentachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
1,3-di-(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane 1,3-di-(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane: structure given in first source	1.99	1
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	5.76	27	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	1.99	1	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.01	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
hexamidine hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.39	2	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-ethylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
2-phenylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine: causes NADPH-& time-dependent in vitro loss of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450; do not confuse with etoprine, also called DDEP	1.97	1
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol [no description available]	2.03	1
2-aminoimidazole 2-aminoimidazole: from catabolism of arginine	1.99	1
hexyltrimethylammonium hexyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1
trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; acetylcholine antag. N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(4-oxopentyl)ammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and 4-oxopentyl.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.47	2	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
2,5-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinolin-3-one [no description available]	1.99	1
3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl [no description available]	1.97	1
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	1.99	1	beta-carbolines
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2	1	biphenyls; tetrachlorobenzene
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	1.99	1	beta-carbolines
propylisopropylacetamide propylisopropylacetamide: structure	1.96	1
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	1.97	1	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
hexachloronaphthalene [no description available]	1.96	1
6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	2.03	1
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.05	1	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tenax tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds	2.01	1
1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane 1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane: structure given in first source	1.99	1
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.03	1	nitrogen oxoacid
3-ethoxy-beta-carboline 3-ethoxy-beta-carboline: high affinity benzodiazepine receptor ligand with partial inverse agonist properties	1.99	1
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist	1.99	1
butamidine butamidine: RN refers to HCl; structure in first source	1.99	1
n-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine N-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine: structure given in first source	1.99	1
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.25	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.06	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
1,1,1-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane [no description available]	2.6	1	diarylmethane
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.37	2	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	iron coordination entity
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.01	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.03	1	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2	1	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	3.11	5
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.39	2	tripeptide
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.1	1	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.04	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
equilenin Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.	2	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	antioxidant; mammalian metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.58	2	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.99	14	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2	1	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.06	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
lycopene [no description available]	2.04	1	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.47	8	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.04	1	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2	1	actinomycin	mutagen
3-chlorodibenzofuran 3-chlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	1.99	1
isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	benzodioxoles
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.08	1	stilbene
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	1.99	1	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.04	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	1.98	1
tamoxifen [no description available]	2	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
tocopherylquinone tocopherylquinone: RN refers to (3R-(3R,7R,11R*))-isomer; structure	2	1
nadp [no description available]	2.91	4
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	3.21	6	macrolide
17-dihydroequilenin 17-dihydroequilenin: RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer	2	1
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87	1.99	1
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
3-propoxy-beta-carboline 3-propoxy-beta-carboline: structure in first source	1.99	1
quercetin [no description available]	2.01	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.7	3	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.4	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.4	2	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.42	2	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.68	3	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.96	1	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	1.96	1	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	1.99	1	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.03	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.04	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.96	1	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methyl linoleate [no description available]	2	1	fatty acid methyl ester	plant metabolite
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.98	1	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
1-Ethyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [no description available]	1.99	1	harmala alkaloid
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	6.96	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	1.97	1
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	2.02	1	alkatriene	fluorochrome
lasiocarpine lasiocarpine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1S-(1alpha(Z),7(2S,3R),7aalpha))-isomer; structure	1.96	1	pyrrolizines
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.73	3	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.11	1
sk&f 102698 [no description available]	1.99	1
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.96	1	benzoxazole
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.04	1
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	1.98	1	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	3.08	5
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	1.97	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.38	2
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.98	1
guanine [no description available]	2.08	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.05	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.98	1
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.39	2

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.75	31
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.6	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.6	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.44	2
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.12	5
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.44	2
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.12	5
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.21	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.21	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.21	1
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.21	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.21	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.21	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.21	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.03	4
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.47	23
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.55	2
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.55	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.47	2
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.11	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.11	1
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	2.11	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.41	2
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.96	4
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.04	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.96	4
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	3.86	12
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.37	7
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.26	6
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.26	6
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	2.06	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.06	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.03	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.08	5
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.68	3
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.68	3
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.04	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.04	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.04	1
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.06	5
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	2.37	2
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.66	3
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.66	3
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	6.96	1
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	1.96	1
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).	1.95	1
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.96	1
Pregnancy, Prolonged A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.	1.96	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.39	2
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.38	2
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.39	2
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.4	2
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.69	3
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2	1
Icterus [description not available]	2	1
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	2	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.38	2
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	1.98	1
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	1.98	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	1.97	1
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	2.66	3
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	2.66	3
Cholangioma [description not available]	1.97	1
Adenoma, Bile Duct A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.	1.97	1
Acne [description not available]	1.96	1
Sycosis [description not available]	1.96	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	1.96	1
Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.	1.96	1
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	1.96	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	1.96	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	1.97	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	1.97	1
Dermatoses [description not available]	1.97	1
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.37	2
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	1.97	1
Porphyria [description not available]	1.97	1
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	1.97	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.97	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.97	1

3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl

Description

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Synonyms (45)

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Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (2)

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (22)

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Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (320)

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Research Demand Index: 19.43

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