negative regulation of cell population proliferation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]

Negative regulation of cell population proliferation is a fundamental biological process that ensures proper tissue growth and development. It involves a complex network of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms that act to suppress excessive cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors.

This process is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including:

* **Growth Factors and Receptors:** Cell proliferation is stimulated by growth factors, which bind to specific receptors on the cell surface. These receptors activate intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately lead to the transcription of genes involved in cell division. Negative regulators of proliferation can act by inhibiting the production of growth factors, blocking their binding to receptors, or disrupting the downstream signaling pathways.

* **Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) and Cyclins:** CDKs are enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. They are activated by cyclins, which are proteins that exhibit cyclic expression throughout the cell cycle. Negative regulators of proliferation can inhibit the activity of CDKs or prevent the accumulation of cyclins.

* **Tumor Suppressor Genes:** These genes encode proteins that function as negative regulators of cell growth. Some tumor suppressor proteins act as inhibitors of cell cycle progression, while others promote DNA repair or apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development.

* **Apoptosis:** Apoptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that eliminates unwanted or damaged cells. It is a crucial mechanism for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing tumor formation. Negative regulators of proliferation can promote apoptosis, thereby reducing cell numbers.

* **Cellular Senescence:** Senescent cells are cells that have permanently stopped dividing. They can contribute to tissue aging and disease. Negative regulators of proliferation can induce cellular senescence, thereby limiting the growth of cell populations.

In summary, negative regulation of cell population proliferation is a complex and essential process that involves multiple levels of control. By suppressing excessive cell division, this process ensures proper tissue development and function, and helps to prevent the development of tumors. It is a delicate balance that is often disrupted in cancer, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and disease.'
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Proteins (109)

Compounds (4,511)