Compounds > norpropoxyphene

Page last updated: 2024-12-06

norpropoxyphene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

norpropoxyphene: major metabolite of propoxyphene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	18804
CHEBI ID	166662
MeSH ID	M0043482

Synonyms (21)

Synonym
[3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-yl] propanoate
3376-94-1
CHEBI:166662
1,2-diphenyl-4-(methylamino)-3-methyl-2-butanol propionate
2-butanol, 1,2-diphenyl-4-(methylamino)-3-methyl-, propionate
1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-2-butanol propionate (ester)
norpropoxyphene
2-butanol, 1,2-diphenyl-4-(methylamino)-3-methyl-, propionate (ester)
2-butanol, 1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-, propionate (ester)
1,2-diphenyl-4-(methylamino)-3-methyl-2-butanol propionate (ester)
66796-40-5
1-benzyl-2-methyl-3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl propionate #
IKACRWYHQXOSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
propoxyphene, n-desmethyl
3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-yl propanoate
DTXSID10273960
3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenyl-2-butanyl propionate
norpropoxyphene #2
norpropoxyphene #1
(+)-norpropoxyphene (maleate)
benzeneethanol, ?-[1-methyl-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-?-phenyl-, 1-propanoate

Research Excerpts

Overview

Norpropoxyphene is a relatively weak mu-opioid receptor agonist. It is a major metabolite of propoxypene (P)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Norpropoxyphene (NP) is a major metabolite of propoxyphene (P), a relatively weak mu-opioid receptor agonist. "	( Norpropoxyphene-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with changes in ion-selectivity and gating of HERG currents. Daenens, P; Tytgat, J; Ulens, C, 1999)	3.19

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Toxic blood concentrations ranging from 3 to 180 mumol/l have been reported and the accumulation of NP in cardiac tissue leads to naloxone-insensitive cardiotoxicity."	( Norpropoxyphene-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with changes in ion-selectivity and gating of HERG currents. Daenens, P; Tytgat, J; Ulens, C, 1999)	1.75

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" There were no significant differences in median D and ND half-life, AUC, Cmax and tmax between the male and female subjects in either group."	( Pharmacokinetics of dextropropoxyphene and nordextropropoxyphene in young and elderly volunteers after single and multiple dextropropoxyphene dosage. Crome, P; Flanagan, RJ; Johnston, A; White, AS, 1989)	0.28
" Ethanol did not induce any significant changes in apparent t 1/2 or Cmax of propoxyphene or norpropoxyphene."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction of propoxyphene with ethanol. Degani, NC; Foltz, RL; Hamilton, CA; Kaplan, HL; Sellers, EM, 1985)	0.49

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The respiratory and psychomotor effects of a single oral dose of meptazinol (200 mg) and dextropropoxyphene (65 mg)/paracetamol (650 mg) mixture, was compared alone and in combination with ethanol (0."	( Comparison of the effects of therapeutic doses of meptazinol and a dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol mixture alone and in combination with ethanol on ventilatory function and saccadic eye movements. Ali, NA; Allen, EM; Graham, DF; Marshall, RW; Richens, A, 1985)	0.27

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Ethanol was shown to enhance the bioavailability of propoxyphene by 25% probably by reducing its first-pass metabolism."	( Enhancement of propoxyphene bioavailability by ethanol. Relation to psychomotor and cognitive function in healthy volunteers. Bertaux, L; Dellatolas, F; Fournier, PE; Girre, C; Hirschhorn, M; Moreno, M; Ngo, R; Palombo, S, 1991)	0.28
"5 g/kg) had no effect on the bioavailability of propoxyphene."	( The effect of ethanol intake on propoxyphene absorption and biotransformation in dogs. Aune, H; Bodd, E; Gulliksen, M; Lilleaasen, P; Mørland, J; Olsen, H, 1986)	0.27

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The mean elimination half-life of dextropropoxyphene after multiple dosing was 35."	( Pharmacokinetics of dextropropoxyphene and nordextropropoxyphene in elderly hospital patients after single and multiple doses of distalgesic. Preliminary analysis of results. Crome, P; Flanagan, RJ; Gain, R; Ghurye, R, 1984)	0.27
" While little information is available concerning P and NP disposition in neonates, dosage estimates based on kinetic and pharmacologic assumptions suggest that the estimated amounts consumed by the neonate after the mother is given the recommended dose of the drug are not likely to result in toxic plasma levels."	( Excretion of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in breast milk. Kunka, RL; Ladik, CF; Stern, RM; Venkataramanan, R, 1984)	0.56
" Both P and NP cumulated during repeated dosing to levels 5 to 7 times those after the first dose."	( Propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene kinetics after single and repeated doses of propoxyphene. Colburn, WA; Dayton, HE; Inturrisi, CE; O'Brien, CP; Verebey, K; Woody, GE, 1982)	0.6

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

Class	Description
stilbenoid	Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (43)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	28 (65.12)	18.7374
1990's	8 (18.60)	18.2507
2000's	6 (13.95)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.33)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.73

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	25.73 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.09 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.04 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	31.58 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (25.73)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (7.27%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (3.64%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (9.09%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	44 (80.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.37	1	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	1.96	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	4.06	3	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	1.99	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.99	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	1.99	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	7.15	1	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.39	2	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	8.73	43	4	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
normeperidine normeperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	7.15	1	0
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	7.15	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	3.35	1	1	azepanes
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
dextromoramide Dextromoramide: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070). dextromoramide : An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004.	6.98	1	0	morpholines; N-acylpyrrolidine	opioid analgesic
acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination: RN is for mixture of propoxyphene.HCl & paracetamol;	1.96	1	0
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	1.95	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
benzoylecgonine benzoylecgonine: cocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine benzoate : A benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.	6.95	1	0	benzoate ester; tropane alkaloid	epitope; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
nadp [no description available]	1.96	1	0
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	2.04	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Analgesic Overuse Headache [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2.04	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.04	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.04	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.04	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	2.04	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.69	3	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	2.88	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	1.96	1	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.66	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.96	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.37	1	1
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	1.99	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	1.99	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.97	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	1.96	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1.96	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	3.35	1	1

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