Compounds > mme
Page last updated: 2024-11-08

mme

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID44719602
CHEMBL ID3244455
SCHEMBL ID5302319
MeSH IDM0074108

Synonyms (19)

Synonym
MME ,
mme (psychedelic)
23693-32-5
CHEMBL3244455
SCHEMBL5302319
DTXSID90660374
1-(5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanamine
Q6716778
2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyamphetamine
1-(5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine
phenethylamine, 5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-alpha-methyl-
5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyamphetamine
9kl74sev4u ,
5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine
unii-9kl74sev4u
benzeneethanamine, 5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-alpha-methyl-
benzeneethanamine, 5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-methyl-
phenethylamine, 5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-methyl-
5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-methylbenzeneethanamine

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

Of 769 patients, 46% received LTOT (opioids for >90 consecutive days), 13% at high dosage. T test compared mean morphine milligram equivalents (MME) to historical orthopaedic trauma patient population's mean dosage at discharge from the study site.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" T test compared mean morphine milligram equivalents (MME) to historical orthopaedic trauma patient population's mean dosage at discharge from the study site."( Integration of Life Care Specialists Into Orthopaedic Trauma Care to Improve Postoperative Outcomes: A Pilot Study.
Baker, J; Barrell, B; Giordano, NA; Kirk, L; Medline, A; Ortega, E; Rice, CW; Schenker, ML; Seilern Und Aspang, J; Steck, A; Wallace, M, 2022)		0.72
"This study was designed to assess how postoperative opioid prescription dosage could affect patient-reported outcomes after elective spine surgery."( Postoperative opioid prescription and patient-reported outcomes after elective spine surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study.
Abdulhak, M; Aleem, I; Chang, V; Easton, R; Haider, S; Hamilton, T; Khalil, JG; Lim, S; Macki, M; Mansour, TR; Nerenz, DR; Park, P; Perez-Cruet, M; Schultz, L; Schwalb, JM; Telemi, E; Yeh, HH, 2023)		0.91
"The purpose of this study is to determine if increased postoperative prescription opioid dosing is an isolated predictor of chronic opioid use after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF)."( Does a High Postoperative Opioid Dose Predict Chronic Use After ACDF?
Canseco, JA; Haislup, B; Henstenburg, J; Hilibrand, AS; Karamian, BA; Kaye, ID; Kepler, CK; Larwa, J; Levy, HA; Radcliff, KE; Schroeder, GD; Vaccaro, AR; Woods, BI, 2023)		0.91
"Of 769 patients, 46% received LTOT (opioids for >90 consecutive days), 13% at high dosage (>120 oral morphine milligram equivalents [MME] / day)."( Long-term opioid therapy and mental health comorbidity in patients with chronic pain.
Brinkers, M; Hachenberg, T; Haghikia, A; Pfau, G; Vielhaber, S; Vogt, S, 2023)		0.91
"This study shows that mental health comorbidity is highly prevalent but that the prescribed opioid dosage is independent of it in the clinical setting of this study."( Long-term opioid therapy and mental health comorbidity in patients with chronic pain.
Brinkers, M; Hachenberg, T; Haghikia, A; Pfau, G; Vielhaber, S; Vogt, S, 2023)		0.91
" Analyses were conducted for 3 strata by opioid dosage prior to receiving MC: MME less than 50, MME of 50 to less than 90, and MME of 90 or greater."( Changes in Prescribed Opioid Dosages Among Patients Receiving Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain, New York State, 2017-2019.
Greene, D; Li, Y; Nguyen, T; Quackenbush, N; Stancliff, S, 2023)		0.91
" During follow-up, significantly greater reductions in opioid dosage were observed among the exposure group."( Changes in Prescribed Opioid Dosages Among Patients Receiving Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain, New York State, 2017-2019.
Greene, D; Li, Y; Nguyen, T; Quackenbush, N; Stancliff, S, 2023)		0.91
" Oxycodone increased as first prescribed opioid (from 44% to 85%) whereas tramadol decreased (64-11%), but their dosage remained stable (stronger opioids were preferred by prescribers)."( Out-of-hospital opioid prescriptions after knee and hip arthroplasty: prescribers and the first prescribed opioid.
Bouvy, ML; Dahan, A; Gademan, MGJ; Nelissen, RGHH; Rosendaal, FR; van Brug, HE; van Dorp, ELA; van Steenbergen, LN, 2023)		0.91
" There has also been a steady decrease in the duration and total dosage of opioid prescriptions to all patients."( Are There Differences in Opioid Prescriptions to Urban and Rural Patients by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Massachusetts From 2011 to 2021?
Chan, E; Keith, DA; Lee, CC; Tannyhill, RJ; Wang, TT; Williams, RA; Young, LD, 2023)		0.91
" We collected baseline demographic data including patient age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification, as well as dosage and type of opioid medication prescribed on each postoperative day while the patient was hospitalized following TKA."( Opioid Use During Hospitalization Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Trends in Consumption From 2016 to 2021.
Bieganowski, T; Christensen, TH; Gemayel, AC; Lawrence, KW; Macaulay, W; Rozell, JC; Schwarzkopf, R, 2023)		0.91
"The methadone dosage varied from 5 to 20 mg."( Retrospective Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Elective Intracranial Surgery.
Graf, J; Pillai, P; Propp, D; Sran, JK; Vacaru, A; Vandse, R, 2023)		0.91
" This study examined the relationship between initial need (pre-operative, post-operative, and discharge pain) and dosage of opioids in the first prescription after surgery with continued opioid use through opioid refills over 12 months, while considering patient-level characteristics."( Association between Initial Opioid Prescription and Patient Pain with Continued Opioid Use among Opioid-Naïve Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery in a Large American Health System.
Babatunde, A; Blackhurst, DW; Cancellaro, VA; Furmanek, DL; Howard, KA; Litwin, AH; Rennert, L; Walker, KB, 2023)		0.91
" Patterns in daily opioid dosage among patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy have not been previously examined."( Longitudinal dose patterns among patients newly initiated on long-term opioid therapy in the United States, 2018 to 2019: an observational cohort study and time-series cluster analysis.
Guy, GP; Mikosz, CA; Nataraj, N; Rikard, SM; Strahan, AE; Zhang, K, 2023)		0.91
"A difference-in-difference study examined dosing changes across opioid prescription episodes (ie, prescriptions within 30 day and within the same dosing threshold)."( Dose Changes for Long-term Opioid Patients Following a State Opioid Prescribing Policy.
Adetunji, DO; Friedman, S; Hartzell, S; Larson, M; Liu, Y; Qiu, S, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (1)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1131957Hallucinogenic activity in human relative to mescaline1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Structure-activity studies on hallucinogenic amphetamines using molecular connectivity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (158)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (2.53)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (0.63)29.6817
2010's2 (1.27)24.3611
2020's151 (95.57)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials11 (6.36%)5.53%
Reviews11 (6.36%)6.00%
Case Studies2 (1.16%)4.05%
Observational9 (5.20%)0.25%
Other140 (80.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.		1.9510benzodioxoles
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		7.1692acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		6.2973aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.4110organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.610clonidine;
imidazoline
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.1130anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.421gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.920monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.610benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.920cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.9522amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		2.610piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		2.920benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.0120aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.4110imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
o-methyltyramine
O-methyltyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methoxyphenylethylamine : A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.		1.9510primary amino compound
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		3.0120phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
psilocin
psilocin: psilocybine minus the phosphate ester; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. psilocin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		1.9510hydroxyindoles;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		drug metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
serotonergic agonist
dimethoxyphenylethylamine
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.		1.9510alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
phenylethylamine		allergen;
plant metabolite
3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine
3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510
mmda
MMDA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9510
2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine
2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine: psychedelic agent; ethyl homolog of dimethoxymethylamphetamine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510amphetamines
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9510
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		1.9510
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.6102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lentinan
[no description available]		2.0310
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer; a serotonin agonist that interferes with Meth A tumor growth in mice by selective vasoconstrictive action		1.9510
2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine
2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510
2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine: A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.		1.9510
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		3.9911methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		3.9911piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.0310
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		2.610morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		1.9610epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
codeine
[no description available]		2.610morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		4.1120morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		2.4110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		3.0120morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		5.29100organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		6.02120morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.4110medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.610cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.610phenanthrenes
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.4110fumarate salt
endrin
Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.		8.05261
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		09.81713
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		013.691069
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		09.81713
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		013.691069
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		04.5431
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		04.5431
Shoulder Pain
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.		03.9911
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		05.6962
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		02.4110
Ache
[description not available]		04.9980
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		09.9980
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.610
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.610
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		04.1890
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		04.1890
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		03.0120
Crush Fractures
[description not available]		02.610
Hip Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.		02.610
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		02.610
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		02.610
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		03.0120
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.811
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		03.811
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		05.82121
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.811
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		05.82121
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		05.5231
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		02.4110
Ureteral Calculi
Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.		02.4110
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		02.4110
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.610
Fractures, Multiple
Injuries involving the breaking of either several bones or one bone in two or more places.		02.610
Epiretinal Membrane
A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)		02.4110
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.4110
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.4110
Scoliosis
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.610
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.4110
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.610
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		05.84121
Pain, Breakthrough
[description not available]		02.610
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		05.84121
Breakthrough Pain
Acute pain that comes on rapidly despite the use of pain medication.		02.610
Narcotic Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.610
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		03.1920
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.610
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		04.31100
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		04.2190
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.2190
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.31100
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		04.2190
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		04.2190
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.31100
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		05.22100
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		05.22100
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		03.6560
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		03.6560
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.4110
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.4110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.4110
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		02.610
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.610
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.610
Funnel Chest
A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.		02.610
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.610
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.610
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		02.610
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.610
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		02.610
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		02.610
Chondromalacia
Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.		03.5210
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		03.9320
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		03.5210
Cartilage Diseases
Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).		03.5210
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		03.9320
Emesis
[description not available]		03.9911
Femoracetabular Impingement
A pathological mechanical process that can lead to hip failure. It is caused by abnormalities of the ACETABULUM and/or FEMUR combined with rigorous hip motion, leading to repetitive collisions that damage the soft tissue structures.		03.9911
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.9911
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.9911
Incisional Hernia
Protrusion of tissue at or near the site of an incision from a previous surgery.		02.610
Ventral Hernia
[description not available]		02.610
Hernia, Ventral
A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.		02.610
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.610
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.610
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		02.610
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		02.610
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		02.610
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		02.610
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.610
Pain, Procedural
Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.		02.610
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.610
Agnosia
Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.		02.610
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.610
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.610
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0120
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.0120
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.610
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.610
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		02.610
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.610
Infections, Meningococcal
[description not available]		02.610
Meningococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.		02.610
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.610
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.610
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.2510
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		02.2510
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.2510
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		02.2510
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		02.1110
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.1110
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.1110
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		07.1110
Frigidity
[description not available]		01.9310
Impotence
[description not available]		01.9310
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		01.9310
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		01.9310
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		01.9310
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)		01.9310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0310