| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite;
plant metabolite |
benzene
[no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent |
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent |
choline
[no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite |
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 7.6 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent |
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite |
glycine
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical |
histamine
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
indole
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indole;
polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
croton oil
[no description available] | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species | |
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | octanol;
primary alcohol | antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite |
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycol;
propane-1,2-diols | allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent |
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite;
protic solvent |
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines | environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound |
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | benzenetriol;
phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | algal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite |
trimethylamine
[no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | methylamines;
tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite |
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols | anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite |
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 7.54 | 2 | 0 | acetamides;
phenols | antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic |
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates | anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent |
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite |
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester;
benzyl ester | acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide |
caffeine
[no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic |
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
cetyl alcohol
cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hexadecanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol | algal metabolite;
flavouring agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
eucalyptol
[no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | | |
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diester;
phthalate ester | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent |
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide | anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic |
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
hexestrol
[no description available] | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
beta-thujaplicin
beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid | antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite |
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic |
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole | analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic |
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent |
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite |
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group. | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative | anti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative |
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles | |
myristicin
myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin; | 3 | 4 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic |
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester | calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent |
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzamides;
hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | benzodioxoles | flavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite |
urethane
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite;
mutagen |
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
allyl isothiocyanate
allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | alkenyl isothiocyanate;
isothiocyanate | antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
lachrymator;
metabolite |
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent |
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical |
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent |
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
n-hexanal
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor |
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | plant metabolite |
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
alpha-pinene
[no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 3.3 | 3 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones | antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin |
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 4.74 | 9 | 0 | monoterpenoid;
phenols | volatile oil component |
uvitex swn
Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
2-methoxynaphthalene
[no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
veratric acid
veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | allergen;
plant metabolite |
methyleugenol
methyleugenol: structure | 4.72 | 9 | 0 | phenylpropanoid | |
piperonylic acid
piperonylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. piperonylic acid : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a carboxy group at position 5. It is a natural product isolated from several plant species. It is a selective mechanism-based inactivator of the trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase enzyme and exhibits antifungal and skin wound healing properties. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid;
benzodioxoles;
monocarboxylic acid | antifungal agent;
EC 1.14.14.91 ( trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary |
carvone
carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent;
carvones | allergen |
alpha phellandrene
alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexadiene;
phellandrene | antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
gamma-terpinene
gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexadiene;
monoterpene | antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
4-cymene
4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | monoterpene;
toluenes | human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
4-anisic acid
4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
anisyl alcohol
anisyl alcohol: structure given in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | |
acrolein
[no description available] | 3.48 | 7 | 0 | enal | herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin |
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
maleic anhydride
Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid. | 2.84 | 4 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
furans | allergen |
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol | solvent |
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | hexanol;
primary alcohol | alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite |
heptanol
Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | heptanol;
primary alcohol | flavouring agent;
fragrance;
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
n-decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | decanol;
primary alcohol | metabolite;
pheromone;
protic solvent |
undecan-1-ol
undecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. undecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol;
undecanol | flavouring agent;
plant metabolite |
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | dodecanol;
primary alcohol | bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite |
1-tridecanol
1-tridecanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tridecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tridecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of thirteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
tridecanol | bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
myristyl alcohol
myristyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetradecan-1-ol : A long-chain fatty alcohol that is tetradecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tetradecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of fourteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
tetradecanol | pheromone;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
stearyl alcohol
octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
octadecanol | algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
desaspidin
desaspidin: structure | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | diester;
phthalate ester | androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser |
piperonal
piperonal: has been used as a pediculicide; structure. piperonal : An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | arenecarbaldehyde;
benzodioxoles | fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite |
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
benzyl acetate
benzyl acetate : The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol. | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester;
benzyl ester | metabolite |
estragole
estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. | 5.96 | 32 | 0 | alkenylbenzene;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenylpropanoid | carcinogenic agent;
flavouring agent;
genotoxin;
insect attractant;
plant metabolite |
hexanoic acid
hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
1-nonanol
nonanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.. nonan-1-ol : A nonanol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nonanol;
primary alcohol | antifungal agent;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes;
phenols | metabolite |
cyclohexene oxide
cyclohexene oxide: inhibitor of epoxide hydrase; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
triphenyltetrazolium
triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
allylbenzene
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
elemicin
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound | |
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols | agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component |
oleanolic acid
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
abietic acid
abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid | plant metabolite |
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | terpineol;
tertiary alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
6-methylsalicylic acid
6-methylsalicylic acid: structure. 6-methylsalicylic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | Penicillium metabolite;
plant metabolite |
3-methoxybenzoic acid
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | flavouring agent;
human urinary metabolite |
terpinolene
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | p-menthadiene | insect repellent;
plant metabolite;
sedative;
volatile oil component |
levulinic acid
levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | oxopentanoic acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
1-hexene
1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkene | |
2-anthramine
2-anthramine: structure | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | anthracenamine | |
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary |
2-hexanol
hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hexanol;
secondary alcohol | human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
semiochemical |
2-nonanol
2-nonanol: from purple and yellow passion fruits. nonan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nonanol;
secondary alcohol | bacterial metabolite;
flavouring agent;
pheromone;
plant metabolite;
rat metabolite;
volatile oil component |
fenchone, (+-)-isomer
fenchone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fenchone : A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound;
cyclic terpene ketone;
fenchane monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
beta-pinene
beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite |
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide | |
diallyl disulfide
diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite |
alpha-terpineol
terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | terpineol | plant metabolite |
trichloroepoxypropane
Trichloroepoxypropane: A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
azo rubin s
azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
cue-lure
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester;
phenols | |
Brilliant Blue
brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
2-octanol
2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | octanol;
secondary alcohol | plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer |
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 8.69 | 9 | 0 | cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
hexyl salicylate
hexyl salicylate: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom | food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent |
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
butylated hydroxyanisole
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
3-carene
3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene | |
menthone
menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer). | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | menthone | |
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator |
4-anisaldehyde
4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. | 3.46 | 7 | 0 | benzaldehydes | bacterial metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite |
myrcene
myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 7.53 | 2 | 0 | monoterpene | anabolic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
isopentyl alcohol
isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound | antifungal agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite |
nonanal
nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde | human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
alkenes
[no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | | |
substance p
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent |
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent |
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
decamethrin
decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organobromine compound | agrochemical;
antifeedant;
calcium channel agonist;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
pyrethroid ester insecticide |
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol | adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist |
octenidine
[no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine | |
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic |
octyl gallate
[no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester | food antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope;
mouse metabolite |
ursolic acid
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector;
plant metabolite |
betulinic acid
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
pinocembrin
pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one;
dihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
vasodilator agent |
warburganal
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | |
polygodial
[no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aldehyde | |
nagilactone c
nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | | |
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic |
beta-thujone
[no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | beta-thujone | |
chalcone epoxide
chalcone epoxide: activator of epoxide hydrolase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
totarol
totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | metabolite |
toosendanin
[no description available] | 7.47 | 2 | 0 | | |
matairesinol
matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactone;
lignan;
polyphenol | angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-asthmatic agent;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite |
aspidin bb
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
4-methyoxybenzoyl-n-glycine
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine | |
farnesylacetic acid
farnesylacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
camphora
camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | camphor | |
lunularic acid
lunularic acid: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
methylinositol
methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
tartrazine
Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
10-gingerol
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols | |
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
1-phenylpropene
1-phenylpropene: structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
lupeol
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol | anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite |
pomolic acid
pomolic acid: from Rosa woodsii & Hyptis capitata; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | metabolite |
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | | |
bradykinin
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent |
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin | expectorant;
plant metabolite |
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | limonene | plant metabolite |
(+)-delta-cadinene
delta-cadinene: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (position 8a).. (+)-delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cadinene;
delta-cadinene | |
limonene-1,2-epoxide
limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | limonene 1,2-epoxide | |
pulegone
pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one | |
gingerol
gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone;
guaiacols | antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite |
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | | |
1-alpha-terpineol
(S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alpha-terpineol | plant metabolite |
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide | |
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite |
farnesol
Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | farnesol | plant metabolite |
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ferulic acids | anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite |
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols | marine metabolite;
plant metabolite |
spathulenol
spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
alpha-asarone
asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | asarone | anticonvulsant;
GABA modulator |
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | 4.7 | 8 | 0 | 3-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent |
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid | food component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite |
geraniol
[no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol;
monoterpenoid;
primary alcohol | allergen;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
isosafrole
isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 8.07 | 5 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
beta-ionone
beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ionone | antioxidant;
fragrance |
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid | |
sesquiterpenes
[no description available] | 3.9 | 12 | 0 | | |
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector;
mouse metabolite |
4-methoxycinnamic acid
[no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
isoeugenol
trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 8.83 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger |
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
Jasmone
jasmone: RN refers to (Z)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone | |
isoeugenol
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isoeugenol | |
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cinnamate ester;
tannin | food component;
plant metabolite |
longifolene
longifolene: from plant products; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | longifolene | |
nadp
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | | |
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester;
maleate ester | glutathione depleting agent |
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic |
sterigmatocystin
[no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | sterigmatocystins | metabolite |
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene | antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A |
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent |
genistein
[no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
caryophyllene
(-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | beta-caryophyllene | fragrance;
insect attractant;
metabolite;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
gingerenone a
gingerenone A: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Zingiber officinale; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | diarylheptanoid | |
shogaol
shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols | |
ellagic acid
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol | antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent |
ginkgolic acid
[no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
hydramethylnon
hydramethylnon: used as fire ant insecticide in southern USA; poorly absorbed by mammals & more than 95% is excreted unchanged in the feces. hydramethylnon : A member of the class of hydrazones that is used as an insecticide for control of ants and cockroaches. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydramethylnon | |
cinnamyl anthranilate
[no description available] | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
nerolidol
(6E)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a trans-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nerolidol | |
cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cinnamyl alcohol | plant metabolite |
beta-ocimene
beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer). | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | beta-ocimene | plant metabolite |
caryophyllene
caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 7.77 | 3 | 0 | | |
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen | macronutrient |
bisabolol
bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
(10)-shogaol
(10)-shogaol: isolated from ginger; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols | |
beta-escin
[no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | | |
borneol
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | borneol | |
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore;
metabolite |
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent |
2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid
[no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | | |
cardanol
cardanol: from pink pepper; phenol with hydrocarbon side chain which can vary in length & unsaturation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid;
vitamin C | coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent |
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone | |
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.9 | 3 | 0 | | |
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
staphyloxanthin
staphyloxanthin: Staph aureus pigment; glucose esterified with both a triterpenoid carotenoid carboxylic acid & a C15 fatty acid. staphyloxanthin : A xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name. | 7.76 | 2 | 0 | apo carotenoid triterpenoid;
D-aldohexose derivative;
fatty acid ester;
triol;
xanthophyll | antioxidant;
biological pigment;
metabolite;
virulence factor |
pyrethrins
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent |
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 2 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |