sodium carbonate profile

Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3. It is a white, odorless, water-soluble salt that is commonly found in nature as a mineral called natron. Sodium carbonate is produced industrially by the Solvay process, a chemical reaction involving ammonia, carbon dioxide, and brine. Sodium carbonate is a basic compound and has a wide range of applications, including in the manufacture of glass, soap, detergents, and paper. It is also used in water treatment, food processing, and as a pH adjuster. Sodium carbonate is an important chemical for a variety of reasons, including its wide range of applications, its relatively low cost, and its availability in large quantities. It is often studied in order to improve its production processes and to develop new applications for it.'

sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Products

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Soda	genus	[no description available]	Amaranthaceae	A family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 species of plants, with a few shrubs, trees, and vines. The leaves usually have nonindented edges.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10340
CHEMBL ID	186314
CHEBI ID	29377
SCHEMBL ID	25
MeSH ID	M0047386

Synonym
soda
nsc 156204
light ash
ccris 7319
sodium carbonate, anhydrous astm d458
natrium carbonicum siccatum
carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2)
snowlite i
soda, calcined
epa pesticide chemical code 073506
calcined soda
caswell n0 752
washing soda
disodium carbonate (na2co3)
sodium carbonate, anhydrous
v 20n
sodium carbonate, anhydrous ge materials d4d5
soda ash light 4p
einecs 207-838-8
v soda
solvay soda
natrium carbonicum calcinatum
suprapur 6395
dynamar l 13890
hsdb 5018
45p3261c7t ,
sodium carbonate [nf]
ec 207-838-8
unii-45p3261c7t
soda (van)
na2co3
natriumkarbonat
disodium trioxidocarbonate
CHEBI:29377 ,
sodium carbonate (nf)
dried sodium carbonate (jp17)
D05283
sodium carbonate, dried
carbonic acid, disodium salt
soda ash
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate (2:1)
sodium carbonate (na2(co3))
bisodium carbonate
disodium carbonate
na-x
497-19-8
carbonic acid sodium salt
nsc-156204
sodium carbonate, acs
sodium carbonate anhydrous
CHEMBL186314
sodium carbonate (anhydrous)
dried sodium carbonate
ins no.500(i)
sodium salt of carbonic acid
natrum carbonicum
e-500(i)
ins-500(i)
anhydrous sodium carbonate
soda-ash
AKOS009158235
S0560
einecs 231-420-4
7542-12-3
carbonic acid, sodium salt
caswell no. 752
FT-0645109
sodium carbonate [fcc]
sodium carbonate [orange book]
sodium carbonate [vandf]
dried sodium carbonate [jan]
sodium carbonate anhydrous [usp-rs]
sodium carbonate, anhydrous [ep impurity]
sodium carbonate [ii]
sodium carbonate anhydrous [mart.]
sodium carbonate [inci]
sodium carbonate [mart.]
natrum carbonicum [hpus]
sodium carbonate [ep monograph]
sodium carbonate anhydrous [who-dd]
sodium carbonate [mi]
soda ash [ii]
sodium carbonate [hsdb]
SCHEMBL25
sodium-carbonate
sodium carbonat
sodium sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate sodium
carbonate sodium
sodium cabonate
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
DTXSID1029621 ,
mfcd00003494
soda ash, (99% as sodium carbonate or 58% as sodium oxide), technical grade, light
soda ash light
buffer standard solution ph 10.01,bag wi th 30 ml
sodium carbonate, anhydrous, acs powder
sodium carbonate, biochemical grade
sodium carbonate, anhydrous, granular trace metals grade, 99.99%
DB09460
anhydrous soda
anhydrous soda,99.999%,powder
disodium;carbonate
Q190227
1332-57-6
eluent 3: 0.5m na2co3
calcinated soda
usepa/opp pesticide code: 073506
sodium carbonate (mart.)
snowlite 1
sodium carbonate, anhydrous (ep impurity)
sodium carbonate (ii)
crystal carbonate
sodium carbonate (ep monograph)
sodium carbonate anhydrous (mart.)
soda monohydride
soda ash (ii)
sodium carbonate anhydrous (usp-rs)
dtxcid109621

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sodium carbonates have been fed to ruminants for more than 20 yr and, in many cases, have alleviated milk fat depression. "	( Another theory for the action of ruminal buffer salts: decreased starch fermentation and propionate production. Chow, JM; Russell, JB, 1993)	1.73

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sodium carbonate pretreatment removed 40-59% lignin from the tested feedstocks while preserving most of cellulose (<5% cellulose loss)."	( Reducing biomass recalcitrance via mild sodium carbonate pretreatment. Chen, Z; Mirmohamadsadeghi, S; Wan, C, 2016)	1.42
"Sodium carbonate treatment showed that p37K is tightly bound to the viral envelope."	( Biochemical analysis of the major vaccinia virus envelope antigen. Galmiche, MC; Rindisbacher, L; Schmutz, C; Wittek, R, 1995)	1.01
"The sodium carbonate treatment facilitated bacterial penetration during egg storage (less than 30% on day 1 and 76.7% on day 21)."	( Bacterial penetration into eggs washed with various chemicals and stored at different temperatures and times. Slavik, MF; Wang, H, 1998)	0.78

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" As a result, a fast, safe and economical method for defleshing human remains and producing high quality, degreased skeletal elements was developed."	( A fast and safe non-bleaching method for forensic skeletal preparation. Birkby, WH; Cornelison, J; Fenton, TW, 2003)	0.32
" Further acute oral toxicity experiments showed that the LD50 value of this extract was 1,210 mg/kg compared to 257 mg/kg for Tripterygium glycosides."	( Biological activity and safety of Tripterygium extract prepared by sodium carbonate extraction. Fang, W; Lam, CW; Peng, F; Wan, C; Xu, H; Yang, X; Yi, T; Zhang, C, 2012)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Comparison pharmacokinetic studies were done with 14CHCl3 and Na(2)14CO3."	( Metabolism of [14C]carbon tetrachloride to exhaled, excreted and bound metabolites. Dose-response, time-course and pharmacokinetics. Farrish, HH; Moslen, MT; Reynolds, ES; Treinen, RJ, 1984)	0.27

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"In the present work, a synergistic system of pulsed corona discharge combined with TiO(2) photocatalysis has been developed to investigate the degradation rate of phenol solutions by varying experimental conditions of gas bubbling varieties (air, O(2), and Ar), solution pH values, and radical scavenger additives."	( Formation of hydrogen peroxide and degradation of phenol in synergistic system of pulsed corona discharge combined with TiO2 photocatalysis. Li, G; Li, J; Quan, X; Wang, F; Wang, H; Wu, Y, 2007)	0.34
" The aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by usage of biocontrol agent alone or in combination with low dosage of imazalil or sodium bicarbonate."	( Effect of fluorescent pseudomonades and Trichoderma sp. and their combination with two chemicals on Penicillium digitatum caused agent of citrus green mold. Abadi, AA; Ahmadzadeh, M; Tehrani, AS; Zamani, M, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by edible salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agent."	( Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold. Ali Abadi, AA; Sharifi Tehrani, A; Zamani, M, 2007)	0.34
" The proteins are separated into membrane and cytoplasmic fractions using sodium carbonate combined with ultracentrifugation."	( Multidimensional strategy for sensitive phosphoproteomics incorporating protein prefractionation combined with SIMAC, HILIC, and TiO(2) chromatography applied to proximal EGF signaling. Engholm-Keller, K; Hansen, TA; Larsen, MR; Palmisano, G, 2011)	0.6

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Calcium carbonate supplements depress iron bioavailability when consumed with meals."	( Calcium carbonate depresses iron bioavailability in rats more than calcium sulfate or sodium carbonate. Miller, DD; Prather, TA, 1992)	0.51
"The present study was undertaken to overcome the problems associated with solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble ionizable drug, telmisartan (TMS)."	( Fabrication and evaluation of pH-modulated solid dispersion for telmisartan by spray-drying technique. Chi, SC; Cho, HJ; Choi, HG; Choi, YK; Kim, JO; Marasini, N; Poudel, BK; Tran, TH; Yong, CS, 2013)	0.39
"Sequential fractionation has helped improving our understanding of the lability and bioavailability of P in soil."	( Phosphorus Concentrations in Sequentially Fractionated Soil Samples as Affected by Digestion Methods. do Nascimento, CA; He, Z; Pagliari, PH; Schmitt, D; Waldrip, H, 2015)	0.42
"95% relative bioavailability compared with the commercial tablet, suggesting the bioequivalence between the two formulations."	( A novel asymmetric membrane osmotic pump capsule with in situ formed delivery orifices for controlled release of gliclazide solid dispersion system. Liu, D; Pan, W; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Zhao, Z, 2016)	0.43
" The purpose of study was to increase dissolution and bioavailability of Nateglinide by development of its microenvironmental pH-regulated ternary solid dispersion (MeSD)."	( Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of Nateglinide by microenvironmental pH-regulated ternary solid dispersion: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Gaud, R; Jadhav, N; Wairkar, S, 2017)	0.46
" Instead of mere transformation of the Nateglinide to its amorphous form as evidenced by DSC and XRPD, formation of a soluble carboxylate compound of Nateglinide in MeSD was predominantly responsible for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement."	( Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of Nateglinide by microenvironmental pH-regulated ternary solid dispersion: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Gaud, R; Jadhav, N; Wairkar, S, 2017)	0.46

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by usage of biocontrol agent alone or in combination with low dosage of imazalil or sodium bicarbonate."	( Effect of fluorescent pseudomonades and Trichoderma sp. and their combination with two chemicals on Penicillium digitatum caused agent of citrus green mold. Abadi, AA; Ahmadzadeh, M; Tehrani, AS; Zamani, M, 2006)	0.33
" This novel taste-masking system has the potential to be a useful multiparticulate dosage form for effective, safe, and user-friendly drug therapy."	( Salting-out taste-masking system generates lag time with subsequent immediate release. Katsuma, M; Maeda, A; Sako, K; Tasaki, H; Uchida, T; Yoshida, T, 2009)	0.35
" The experimental results indicated that the solidified sediment by accelerated carbonation was capable of reaching all performance criteria for the disposal at a Portland cement dosage of 10 wt."	( Application of accelerated carbonation with a combination of Na2CO3 and CO2 in cement-based solidification/stabilization of heavy metal-bearing sediment. Chen, Q; Hills, CD; Ke, Y; Tyrer, M; Xue, G; Zhang, L, 2009)	0.35
"In this study, a strategy to reduce enzyme dosage is evaluated by applying two post-treatments, oxygen delignification and mechanical refining."	( Reduction of enzyme dosage by oxygen delignification and mechanical refining for enzymatic hydrolysis of green liquor-pretreated hardwood. Chang, HM; Jameel, H; Koo, BW; Park, S; Phillips, RB; Treasure, TH, 2011)	0.37
" The objective of this study is to investigate whether similar dissolution enhancement of AMG 009 can be achieved from a bilayer dosage form, where AMG 009 and sodium carbonate are placed in a separate layer with or without the addition of HPMC K100 LV in each layer."	( Enhancing and sustaining AMG 009 dissolution from a bilayer oral solid dosage form via microenvironmental pH modulation and supersaturation. Alvarez, F; Alvarez-Nunez, F; Bi, M; Kyad, A, 2011)	0.57
"331 M(-1)·min(-1) at Na(2)CO(3) dosage of 20 g/L was found for the tested wastewater."	( A new method for removal of hydrogen peroxide interference in the analysis of chemical oxygen demand. Englehardt, JD; Wu, T, 2012)	0.38
" Briefly, APIs/ dosage forms were allowed to be in close contact with deactivation agents for a specified period of time and percentage decrease in the amount of API from the initial amount was measured."	( Development of Disposal Systems for Deactivation of Unused/Residual/Expired Medications. Anderson, C; Banga, AK; Fowler, W; Herwadkar, A; Korey, A; Singh, N, 2016)	0.43
" Adsorption agents resulted in more universal deactivation with activated carbon resulting in efficient deactivation of most APIs and all dosage forms tested."	( Development of Disposal Systems for Deactivation of Unused/Residual/Expired Medications. Anderson, C; Banga, AK; Fowler, W; Herwadkar, A; Korey, A; Singh, N, 2016)	0.43
" As the pretreatment dosage of GL-H2O2 on FR increased, the proportion of lignocellulosic substrates was enhanced in the SSF of the substrate mixture of CR and FR as compared with untreated FR."	( Ethanol production from a biomass mixture of furfural residues with green liquor-peroxide saccarified cassava liquid. Ji, L; Jiang, J; Zhang, W; Zhao, P; Zheng, T, 2016)	0.43
" This method overcomes various shortcomings of the reported hydroxylamine removal technologies that require a large material dosage and high cost."	( Efficient transformation of hydroxylamine from wastewater after supplementation with sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate. Chen, M; He, T; Liang, X; Wang, C; Zheng, C, 2023)	1.13

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en:Dairies, en:Fats, en:Spreads, en:Spreadable fats, en:Animal fats, en:Milkfat, en:Dairy spread, en:Butters	1
Dairies, Fermented foods, Desserts, Fermented milk products, Dairy desserts, Fermented dairy desserts, Yogurts	1
en:extra-virgin-olive-oils	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Canned foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Canned plant-based foods, Vegetables based foods, Canned vegetables	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Pickles, Produits de l'olivier, Pickles d'origine végétale, Olives, en:Olives in oil, en:Taggiasca Olives, it:Olive taggiasche	1
Botanas, Snacks dulces, Galletas y pasteles	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel und Getränke, Pflanzliche Lebensmittel, Getreide und Kartoffeln, Kartoffelzubereitungen, Pürees, Kartoffelpüree	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fats, Vegetable fats	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Boissons distillés, Alcools forts, Eaux-de-vie, Whiskys, Whisky écossais	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Pastas, Dry pastas, Egg pastas, Dry egg pastas	1
Začini, Umaci	1
Household Essentials	58
Beauty & Personal Care	4
Baby & Kids Products	1
Pet Supplies	5
Vitamins & Supplements	5
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	18
Food & Beverages	2
Professional Supplements	7

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
President's Choice Jamaican Style Ginger Beer		Other	sodium benzoate	2024-02-13
smoked papeika ham	Dunnes Stores	Other	sodium nitrite	2024-05-08
Sultana and cherry cake	Marks & Spencer,Marks and Spencer	Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Cakes	Niacin	2024-06-21
Nuts & Alcohol Free Christmas Pudding	Matthew Walker	Snacks, Desserts, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Cakes, Puddings, Christmas Puddings	Niacin	2024-02-10
Fettuccine	Ronzoni, New World Pasta Company	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas	niacin,ferrous sulfate,riboflavin	2024-06-19
Veggie Tricolor Rotini	Ronzoni, New World Pasta Company, Ronzoni Garden Delight	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas	niacin,ferrous sulfate,riboflavin	2024-06-19
Veggie Trio Italiano	Ronzoni, New World Pasta Company, Ronzoni Garden Delight	Meals, Pasta dishes	niacin,ferrous sulfate,riboflavin	2024-06-19
Old Fashioned Soft Cookies	Rosko & Rosko	Other	niacin,riboflavin	2024-02-09
Baby biscuits	Sweet plus	Other	sodium bicarbonate	2024-02-11
Attitude Dishwasher Tablets Sparkling Dishes -- 70 Tablets	Attitude	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Attitude Natural Care Hand Soap Apple & Spices -- 16 fl oz	Attitude	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Aura Cacia Aromatherapy Shower Tablets Relaxing Lavender -- 3 Tablets	Aura Cacia	Beauty & Personal Care	adipic acid, maltodextrin, sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Aura Cacia Aromatherapy Shower Tablets Reviving Peppermint -- 3 Tablets	Aura Cacia	Beauty & Personal Care	adipic acid, maltodextrin, sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CitraSolv Homesolv - Dishwasher Detergent Pacs Free & Clear -- 20 Packs	CitraSolv	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dapple Baby Dishwasher Detergent Pacs Hypoallergenic Fragrance Free -- 25 Packs	Dapple	Baby & Kids Products	Sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Defunkify Laundry Detergent Liquid 62 Loads Fresh Air -- 37.7 fl oz	Defunkify	Household Essentials	decylglucoside, lauric acid, potassium hydroxide, propanediol, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Defunkify Laundry Detergent Liquid 62 Loads Lavender -- 37.7 fl oz	Defunkify	Household Essentials	decylglucoside, lauric acid, potassium hydroxide, propanediol, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Laundry Detergent Packs Free & Clear -- 40 Loads	ECOS	Household Essentials	sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Oxo Brite for Laundry and Stain Removal Free & Clear -- 3.6 lbs	ECOS	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Automatic Dishwasher Tablets Citrus -- 25 Tablets	Ecover	Household Essentials	glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Automatic Dishwasher Tablets Citrus -- 45 Tablets	Ecover	Household Essentials	sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Automatic Dishwasher Tablets Fragrance Free -- 25 Tablets	Ecover	Household Essentials	glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Dishwasher Powder Citrus -- 3 lbs	Ecover	Household Essentials	magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Zero Dishwasher Powder Fragrance Free -- 3 lbs	Ecover	Household Essentials	magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Formula 10.0.6 SO Totally Clean Deep Pore Cleanser -- 6.75 fl oz	Formula 10.0.6	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, lactic acid, sodium carbonate, yellow 5	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-In-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Fragrance-Free -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Gardenia -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodiummetasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Gardenia -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-In-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Lavender with Vanilla -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Lavender with Vanilla -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodiummetasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Lavender with Vanilla -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Vetiver -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodiummetasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Vetiver -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodiummetasilicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwasher Powder Detergent Pods Tangerine with Lemongrass -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Red Pear with Magnolia -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Tangerine with Lemongrass -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Bleach Alternative Pods Fragrance Free Jumbo Pouch -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Washing Machine Cleaner Pods -- 2 Pods	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GreenShield Organic GO Laundry Detergent Free & Clear 66 Loads -- 100 fl oz	GreenShield Organic	Household Essentials	glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GreenShield Organic GO Laundry Detergent Lavender 66 Loads -- 100 fl oz	GreenShield Organic	Household Essentials	glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Senior Dog Wet Food Grain-Free Chicken Recipe -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, Docosahexaenoic Acid, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Small Breed Chicken & Salmon Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Small Breed Turkey & Duck Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heritage Store Ipsab Whitening Toothpaste Fresh Mint -- 4.23 oz	Heritage Store	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, soda, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 30 Loads Fragrance Free -- 15 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium gluconate, glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 30 Loads Lavender -- 15 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, triethyl citrate, sodium gluconate, glycerin, linalool, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 30 Loads Lemongrass -- 15 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium gluconate, glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 60 Loads Fragrance Free -- 30 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium gluconate, glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 60 Loads Lavender -- 30 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, triethyl citrate, sodium gluconate, glycerin, linalool, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ingredients Matter Laundry Soap Powder 60 Loads Lemongrass -- 30 oz	Ingredients Matter	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium gluconate, glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Auto Dish Detergent Dual Power Pacs Lemon -- 13 Pacs	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, iminodisuccinate, sodium sesquicarbonate, propylene glycol, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Auto Dish Detergent Dual Power Pacs Lemon -- 26 Pacs	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, iminodisuccinate, sodium sesquicarbonate, propylene glycol, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Garbage Disposal Cleaner Fresh Lemon -- 2 Pods	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	d-limonene, isopropyl alcohol, citric acid, citral, citric acid, geraniol, linalool, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
LoveBug Probiotics Kids Little Ones™ 4 + Years -- 3 billion CFU - 60 Pearls	LoveBug Probiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, orange flavor, stevia, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MamaSuds Laundry Soap Highly Concentrated Liquid Unscented 128 Loads -- 64 fl oz	MamaSuds	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All Purpose Natural Surface Cleaning Spray Clementine -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	potassium hydrate, soda ash	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All Purpose Natural Surface Cleaning Spray French Lavender -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	potassium hydrate, soda ash	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All Purpose Natural Surface Cleaning Spray Pink Grapefruit -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	potassium hydrate, soda ash	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All-Purpose Surface Cleaner Refill French Lavender -- 68 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, decyl glucoside, sodium gluconate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Glass + Surface Cleaner Mint -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Balance IBX™ Soothing Bowel Formula -- 120 VegCaps	Natural Balance	Vitamins & Supplements	sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Immunity Hydration Single Tube Blueberry Tangerine -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, sodium carbonate, ergocalciferol, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Cherry Limeade -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Fresh Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Mango Orange -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Wild Berry -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Citrus Fruit -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Fruit Punch -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Grape -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Lemon Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Tri-Berry -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Tropical Fruit -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Watermelon -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Blackberry Citrus -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Ginger Lemonade -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Blueberry Pomegranate -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, Sugar, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Grapefruit Orange -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Strawberry Melon -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Tangerine Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Package Free All Natural Multi-Purpose Cleaning Spray Lavender -- 16 fl oz	Package Free	Household Essentials	caprylyl glucoside, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Package Free All Natural Multi-Purpose Cleaning Spray Refill Lavender -- 16 fl oz	Package Free	Household Essentials	caprylyl glucoside, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Package Free All Natural Multi-Purpose Cleaning Spray Rosemary Eucalyptus -- 16 fl oz	Package Free	Household Essentials	caprylyl glucoside, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Planet Automatic Dishwasher Pacs Free & Clear -- 20 Pacs	Planet	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Dishwasher Detergent Powder Fragrance Free -- 45 oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Fabric Softener 90 Loads Fresh Lavender -- 90 fl oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	propylene glycol, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Laundry Detergent Packs Sensitive Skin Free & Clear -- 45 Packs	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	cellulase, glycerin, laureth-6, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Asia Japanese Style Ramen Noodles -- 8 oz	Simply Asia	Food & Beverages	potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Unscented Company Laundry Detergent Unscented 78 Fresh Loads -- 65.9 fl oz	The Unscented Company	Household Essentials	sodium laureth sulfate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Unscented Company Toilet Bowl Cleaning Tabs Unscented -- 22 Tabs	The Unscented Company	Household Essentials	lipase, cellulase, sodium carbonate, trisodium citrate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tru Earth Dishwasher Detergent & Rinse Aid Tablets -- 30 Tablets	Tru Earth	Household Essentials	glycerol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Unique Sourdough Craft Beer Pretzel Rings -- 11 oz	Unique	Food & Beverages	soda	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost Probiotic 10-20 10 Strains -- 20 billion CFU† per serving - 200 Vegetarian Capsules	Vitacost Brand	Vitamins & Supplements	microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost Probiotic 15-35 15 Strains - 35 billion CFU† per serving -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Vitacost Brand	Vitamins & Supplements	sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost Probiotic 15-35 15 Strains -- 35 billion CFU - 240 Vegetarian Capsules	Vitacost Brand	Vitamins & Supplements	sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-15 Advanced Strength -- 15 billion CFU - 30 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-15 Advanced Strength Probiotics -- 15 billion CFU - 60 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-15 Probiotics -- 5 billion CFU - 60 Time-Release Micro-Pearls	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-Bifido Probiotic Support for Ages 50+ -- 60 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics Pro-Glucose Balance -- 5 billion CFU - 60 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-Women Probiotic -- 5 billion CFU - 30 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics PRO-Women Probiotic -- 5 billion CFU - 60 Time Release Tablets	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Hyperbiotics Pro-Pets Probiotic for Dogs & Cats Meat Flavor -- 60 Micro-Pearls	Vital Nutrients	Pet Supplies	Microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Core Wet Cat Food Tiny Tasters Pate Chicken -- 1.75 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite, Taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zum Aromatherapy All-Purpose Cleaner Frankincense & Myrrh -- 16 fl oz	Zum	Household Essentials	glycerin, baking soda, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zum Aromatherapy All-Purpose Cleaner Sea Salt -- 16 fl oz	Zum	Household Essentials	glycerin, baking soda, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zum Aromatherapy All-Purpose Cleaner Sweet Orange -- 16 fl oz	Zum	Household Essentials	glycerin, baking soda, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Class	Description
organic sodium salt
carbonate salt
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase	Astrosclera willeyana	Ki	13,500.0000	0.0320	1.5172	9.6000	AID647373
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	15,000.0000	0.0000	1.3726	10.0000	AID1161930; AID238512; AID587130; AID598726; AID714401; AID724722; AID730754; AID763569
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	73,000.0000	0.0000	0.7236	9.9200	AID1058395; AID1070020; AID1161931; AID1161950; AID1235241; AID1336557; AID1430526; AID1461934; AID238541; AID587131; AID598728; AID714400; AID724721; AID730373; AID730753; AID758952; AID763568
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	5,700.0000	0.0002	1.9720	9.9200	AID238543
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	73,000.0000	0.0000	0.3845	8.6000	AID1161931
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	95,000.0000	0.0000	1.2725	9.9000	AID238514
Carbonic anhydrase	Methanosarcina thermophila	Ki	6,700.0000	0.0600	0.9714	8.5000	AID1235242; AID1336558; AID758950
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	95,000.0000	0.0000	1.3412	9.9700	AID238514
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transport	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulum	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1235245	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis gamma-CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID1235242	Inhibition of archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila gamma-CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID763568	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-2 at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID598728	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1161932	Inhibition of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum eta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID763566	Inhibition of Brucella suis beta carbonic anhydrase-2 at 20 degC by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1461938	Inhibition of recombinant His6-tagged Francisella tularensis beta-CA (227 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID1070020	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID724722	Inhibition of human recombinant wild type CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID758952	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID1461935	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei beta-CA incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID763565	Inhibition of recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener alpha carbonic anhydrase expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1336561	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID730372	Inhibition of Flaveria bidentis beta-carbonic anhydrase-1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID724720	Inhibition of human recombinant CA8 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID1235241	Inhibition of human CA2 after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID714403	Inhibition of Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense alpha-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID1430527	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID1312218	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum full length recombinant His-fused Eta-carbonic anhydrase domain preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition profiles of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID730751	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae alpha carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID677271	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha-carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO2 hydration reaction preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1.
AID730368	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori beta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID1161952	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis beta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID1235244	Inhibition of Nostoc commune CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID763569	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-1 at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1336558	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID730754	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID730373	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase-2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID1430526	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID238514	Inhibition constant of anion against human carbonic anhydrase isozyme hCA V	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with phosphates, carbamoyl phosphate, and the phosphonate antiviral drug foscarnet.
AID1161931	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID758950	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila recombinant gamma-CA by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID1269931	Inhibition of Colwellia psychrerythraea gamma carbonic anhydrase expressed in Escherichia coli incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID724718	Inhibition of human recombinant CA11 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID587132	Inhibition of Leptonychotes weddellii alpha-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID1336557	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID730753	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID1336559	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID758948	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant CA by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID598732	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1058389	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Clostridium perfringens.
AID1336562	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant His-tagged carbonic anhydrase gamma expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID1161950	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID730752	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID677270	Inhibition of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 alpha-carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO2 hydration reaction preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1.
AID724719	Inhibition of human recombinant CA10 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID238832	Inhibition constant of anion against human carbonic anhydrase isozyme hCA IX; NT = not tested	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with phosphates, carbamoyl phosphate, and the phosphonate antiviral drug foscarnet.
AID587130	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID647373	Inhibition of Astrosclera willeyana recombinant GST-tagged astrosclerin 3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-DE3-RIPL cells preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the living fossil Astrosclera willeyana.
AID714400	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID552785	Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Streptococcus pneumoniae by inorganic anions and small molecules: Toward innovative drug design of antiinfectives?
AID1461934	Inhibition of human CA2 incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID587131	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID238512	Inhibition constant of anion against human carbonic anhydrase isozyme hCA I	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with phosphates, carbamoyl phosphate, and the phosphonate antiviral drug foscarnet.
AID238543	Inhibition constant of anion against human carbonic anhydrase isozyme hCA IV	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with phosphates, carbamoyl phosphate, and the phosphonate antiviral drug foscarnet.
AID598726	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID598731	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1430528	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant His-tagged carbonic anhydrase beta (256 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID1235243	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID714401	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID724721	Inhibition of human recombinant wild type CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID1161930	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID238541	Inhibition constant of anion against human carbonic anhydrase isozyme hCA II	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with phosphates, carbamoyl phosphate, and the phosphonate antiviral drug foscarnet.
AID1070021	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID1161951	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis gamma-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID763567	Inhibition of Brucella suis beta carbonic anhydrase-1 at 20 degC by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1058395	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Clostridium perfringens.
AID1336560	Inhibition of Nostoc commune recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID1070022	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	77 (12.64)	18.7374
1990's	83 (13.63)	18.2507
2000's	188 (30.87)	29.6817
2010's	229 (37.60)	24.3611
2020's	32 (5.25)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	14 (2.23%)	5.53%
Reviews	9 (1.43%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (0.80%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	600 (95.54%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.91	12	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.88	12	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	1.99	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	2.13	1	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.03	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
cadaverine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.16	5	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	4.96	12	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.27	6	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	5.42	14	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.04	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	2.39	2	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.06	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.33	4	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.98	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.73	3	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.48	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	4.36	21	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	3.38	1	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.73	3	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	7.72	3	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.54	2	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.44	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	1.98	1	0	inositol phosphate
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.95	4	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	1.98	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.75	10	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.99	4	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.27	6	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.13	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.1	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	1.96	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.71	3	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.74	3	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	1.99	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	3.38	1	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	3.81	3	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
putrescine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	1.96	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	1.97	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.42	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	2.07	1	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.72	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.44	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	3.55	8	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	8.44	7	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	3.39	1	1	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.06	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	1.93	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.28	6	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.15	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.04	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.31	1	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.73	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.27	17	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	1.96	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.1	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	2.25	1	0
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	3.35	1	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	1.98	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	7.01	1	0	pyridinium ion
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.03	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofilium clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.31	1	0	primary amine
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.6	1	0
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	1.92	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	7.8	6	4	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.13	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.15	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	1.97	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.37	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	7.89	4	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.03	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.52	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	1.96	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	7.47	2	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	7.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.97	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.25	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	1.96	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.06	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.42	2	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.03	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.05	1	0	phenols
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.37	2	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	4.78	7	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	1.98	1	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.04	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	4.44	20	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	4.34	18	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	1.99	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
triclosan [no description available]	3.38	1	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.47	2	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.79	2	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
aldosterone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.73	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.39	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.08	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	4.01	4	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	4.17	15	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.14	5	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	7.13	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.53	2	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.52	8	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.68	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.42	2	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	1.96	1	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.74	3	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.96	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.43	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.25	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	1.98	1	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.96	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.96	4	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	7.39	2	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
mannitol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.42	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alizarin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	1.99	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	8.76	2	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.03	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.06	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	2.06	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.44	2	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
pivalic acid pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.	1.99	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.02	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	1.93	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	1.99	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.48	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	1.95	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.46	2	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
skatole [no description available]	2	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	3.53	1	1
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	3.18	5	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.41	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	1.97	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.98	1	0
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.13	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
benzenearsonic acid benzenearsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.23	16	0	arsonic acids; organoarsonic acid
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.07	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
4-bromoacetophenone [no description available]	2.04	1	0
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.03	1	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
4-chlorobenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.1	1	0	alkane
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	2.47	2	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
3-phenylenediamine 1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.	2.07	1	0	phenylenediamine
chlorobenzene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
dicyanmethane malononitrile : A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; dinitrile
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.1	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
heptanal heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.	2.25	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	biomarker
scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.	7.02	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite
alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. naptalam : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide which results from addition of one equivalent of 1-naphthylamine to phthalic anhydride.	1.98	1	0	carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; N-(1-naphthyl)carboxamide	herbicide
n-butyl acrylate butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.	2.05	1	0	acrylate ester
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	4.34	18	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	3.39	1	1	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.4	2	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.25	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.44	2	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.01	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
calcium gluconate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.03	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.06	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.02	1	0	organosilicon compound
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.04	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	6.02	26	1	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.7	3	0	organooxygen compound
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.04	1	0	phthalazines
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
oxetane oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.	2.06	1	0	oxetanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.07	1	0
barium carbonate barium carbonate : An inorganic carbonate salt of barium.	2.06	1	0	carbonate salt; inorganic barium salt
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.07	1	0
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.39	2	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3	4	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	1.97	1	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.21	1	0
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.05	1	0	bis(azo) compound
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	4.12	15	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	7.67	5	4	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
4,4'-bisphenol f 4,4'-bisphenol F: RN given refers to parent cpd. bisphenol F : A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.07	1	0	bisphenol; diarylmethane	environmental food contaminant; xenoestrogen
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	1.98	1	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	2.13	1	0	potassium salt	diuretic
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.07	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
azure a Azure A: RN given refers to chloride. azure A : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining.	1.98	1	0
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.96	4	0
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	2.1	1	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	3.43	7	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.9	35	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium peroxide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	sulfide salt
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.06	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.49	2	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.31	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.7	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.05	1	0
benzolamide Benzolamide: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.	2.06	1	0
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.99	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	16.53	583	17	carbon oxoanion
1-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-4-(phenylamino)-2-anthracenesulfonic acid 1-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-4-(phenylamino)-2-anthracenesulfonic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.03	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.	2.74	3	0	inorganic sodium salt
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.73	3	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.06	1	0	vanadium group element atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.76	3	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.05	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.44	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.65	9	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.5	2	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	7.73	3	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.07	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	2.45	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.75	3	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.06	1	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.03	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	1.99	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.93	4	0	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	4.42	20	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	4.19	5	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	4.23	16	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.45	2	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
sodium sulfate [no description available]	6.27	33	1	inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.03	1	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.06	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.17	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	7.4	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
zinc nitrate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.97	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	3.48	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.04	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2.15	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.1	1	0
barium nitrate barium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium nitrate : An inorganic nitrate salt of barium.	2.03	1	0	inorganic barium salt; inorganic nitrate salt
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.72	3	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2.17	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.48	2	0	aluminium sulfate
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2	1	0	chlorine dioxide
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.05	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	4.59	8	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	7.04	1	0
sodium selenate sodium selenate : An inorganic sodium salt having selenate as the counterion.	4.23	16	0	inorganic sodium salt	anticonvulsant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; fertilizer
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	3.14	5	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
ammonium nickel sulfate ammonium nickel sulfate: RN given refers to NH4-Ni(+2) [2:2:1] salt. ammonium nickel sulfate : A nickel coordination entity comprising ammonium, nickel and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	2.01	1	0	ammonium salt; metal sulfate; nickel coordination entity
sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)	4.34	18	0
fluorides [no description available]	2.71	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	7.46	2	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
cetalkonium chloride cetalkonium chloride: Note: Bonjela is a multimeaning drug name.	2.05	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.71	10	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
carbamide peroxide Carbamide Peroxide: A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.. urea hydrogen peroxide : A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.	2	1	0	mixture	disinfectant; oxidising agent; reagent
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.05	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	1.98	1	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.4	2	0	organic calcium salt
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	4.37	19	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.35	2	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.25	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.07	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	1.99	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	1.96	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.03	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	7.43	2	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.02	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.06	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
monoammonium molybdate ammonium molybdate: RN given refers to unspecified ammonium molybdate salt. ammonium molybdate : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.03	1	0	ammonium salt	poison
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
titanium trichloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sodium persulfate sodium persulfate: RN given refers to peroxydisulfuric acid, di-Na salt	4.23	16	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.02	1	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	1.96	1	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2	1	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.08	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	4.28	17	0	boronic acids
benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole [no description available]	2.02	1	0
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
bicinchoninic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
sodium oxide [no description available]	2.5	2	0
n,n'-dibutylurea N,N'-dibutylurea: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sulfamide sulfamide : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to two amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	4.28	17	0	sulfamides
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	1.97	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
2-tyrosine 2-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. o-tyrosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of D- and L-o-tyrosine.. 2-hydroxyphenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2 on the benzene ring.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenols; phenylalanine derivative
4-hydroxyphenylglycine 4-hydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.	2.03	1	0	hydroxy-amino acid	bacterial metabolite
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	1.99	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.57	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.47	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2	1	0	proanthocyanidin
triptolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
celastrol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	2.06	1	0
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.04	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
galactose-1-phosphate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate : A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.04	1	0	alpha-D-hexose 1-phosphate; D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypothiocyanite ion hypothiocyanite ion: structure	1.98	1	0
1-(2'-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil-1'-oxide 1-(2'-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil-1'-oxide: structure given in first source	1.92	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	D-xylose
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.25	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
procyanidin b3 procyanidin B3 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho.	2	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer	2.07	1	0	ribulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.44	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
mdl 74156 hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron	2.07	1	0
sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt	2.5	2	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.37	2	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.36	6	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.02	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
chlorite [no description available]	2	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	1.98	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.76	3	0
lanosterol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	4.38	19	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.17	1	0
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.05	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.06	1	0
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.37	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
n-glycolylneuraminic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid: RN given refers to (all-D)-isomer	2.05	1	0	N-acylneuraminic acid
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	8.01	4	0	cellotriose
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	1.98	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.52	2	0	cyclodextrin
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.06	1	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.73	3	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	8.37	6	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.1	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.1	1	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
8-prenylnaringenin 8-prenylnaringenin: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. sophoraflavanone B : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.	2.03	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	1.98	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.	3.99	13	0	organic sodium salt
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	6.8	59	1	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	2.49	2	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	2.01	1	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.53	2	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.1	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanate sodium cyanate: used in treatment of sickle cell anemia; RN given refers to cyanic acid, Na salt	3.87	11	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	1.96	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	4.34	18	0	inorganic sodium salt
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	4.23	16	0	organic molecular entity
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.06	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
formic acid, sodium salt sodium formate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of formic acid.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt	astringent; buffer
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	1.99	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.03	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.97	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	3.09	5	0	alkali metal atom
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.01	1	0	nitrogen oxide
dolasetron [no description available]	2.07	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
methyl radical [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organic radical
poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) lyapolate: sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors	2.1	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	7.08	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.71	3	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
lithium acetate lithium acetate : An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and lithium ions.	2.13	1	0	acetate salt; organic lithium salt
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	1.97	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
sodium hexafluorophosphate sodium hexafluorophosphate : An inorganic sodium salt having hexafluorophosphate(1-) as the counterion. It is an electrolyte used in sodium-ion batteries.	2.8	3	0	inorganic sodium salt
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.69	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2	1	0
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.17	1	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	7.05	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.66	3	0	stilbenoid
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.97	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.4	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.98	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.15	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	2.03	1	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	3.35	6	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.06	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	1.96	1	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.34	7	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	3.35	1	1	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.36	2	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.1	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	4.23	5	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.42	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	7.48	2	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.77	3	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.1	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	2.05	1	0
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.74	3	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.06	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	3.16	5	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2.37	2	0
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	2.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.1	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.13	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	2.06	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	1.98	1	0
alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination: foaming antacid containing aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate & alginic acid	2.17	1	0
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol 1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol: RN refers to the (all-Z)-isomer	2.03	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	2	1	0
3-tyrosine 3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.	1.98	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phenols	plant metabolite
sodium bisulfate [no description available]	2.99	4	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.82	2	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	fatty acid ester
zeolites [no description available]	2.02	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.77	3	0
calcium bicarbonate calcium hydrogen carbonate: disinfectant for influenza A viruses	7.6	1	0
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	1.97	1	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
amg 009 AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source	2.47	2	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.25	1	0
sodium [no description available]	3.48	7	0
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	7.11	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	1.98	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.02	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	3.32	6	0	glycoside
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	2.06	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.38	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.3	6	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.07	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.03	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.36	6	0
osteum [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.94	4	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	4.28	17	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	4.38	19	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.03	1	0
dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate: RN given refers to Na salt	2.85	4	0
mannans [no description available]	2.81	3	0
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.03	1	0
11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid 11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; a major acidic metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol in human urine	2.31	1	0	1-benzopyran
4-methylcholest-7-en-3-ol 4-methylcholest-7-en-3-ol: RN given refers to (3beta,4alpha,5alpha)-isomer	1.98	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	3.15	5	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.67	3	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.69	3	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.03	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.06	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.06	1	0
araldite araldite: induces experimental asthma in immunized guinea pigs; RN given refers to araldite; see also record for araldite B	1.98	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.05	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.03	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.95	1	0
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	2.04	1	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.03	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
feldspar feldspar: structure	2.04	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.07	1	0
rennie Rennie: a calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate preparation; identical to Maalox in neutralizing capacity	2.17	1	0
major coat protein, pseudomonas phage pf3 major coat protein, Pseudomonas phage Pf3: aa sequence given in first source	2.01	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.39	2	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.44	2	0
rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.	2.15	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.01	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.13	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	1.96	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	2.03	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
remazol black b Remazol black B: RN given refers to the tetrasodium salt. remazole black-GR : A bis(azo) compound with two aryldiazenyl moieties placed at positions 2 and 7 of a multi-substituted naphthalene.	2.03	1	0
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.06	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	1.98	1	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	7.41	1	0
wilforine wilforine: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; structure in first source. wilforine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and pyridine alkaloid with formula C43H49NO18 originally isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii.	2.07	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.07	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.07	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.08	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dysgeusia A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.	2.6	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.25	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	2.17	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	2.46	2	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.75	3	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	2.21	1	0
Allergy, Egg [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	4.77	7	1
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.1	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cot Death [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	9.77	7	1
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	2.1	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.1	1	0
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	2.1	1	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	2.13	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	3.53	1	1
Parodontosis [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	3.53	1	1
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	8.53	1	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.15	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.91	12	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	1.92	1	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	1.92	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.	1.92	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	12.34	18	16
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	12.34	18	16
Avian Flu [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	3.83	2	1
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	2.05	1	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	3.85	2	1
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	1.92	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	1.92	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.06	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	11.31	16	16
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	11.31	16	16
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.06	1	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	3.46	1	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.07	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.07	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.41	2	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	2.01	1	0
Nasal Septal Perforation An opening or hole in the NASAL SEPTUM that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, drug use, or pathological process.	1.93	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	1.93	1	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.35	7	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	1.93	1	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	6.93	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	2.02	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.03	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.03	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	2.03	1	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.03	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	4.07	3	1
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	3.6	3	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.03	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	2.03	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Verruca [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.04	1	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	2.04	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.04	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.4	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.22	6	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	1.96	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Keratosis, Oral [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0
Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	1.96	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	1.96	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.96	1	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	1.96	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	2.37	2	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	1.98	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	1.98	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	2.38	2	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	6.98	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	1.98	1	0
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	1.99	1	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	2.4	2	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.92	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	8.76	2	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	1.97	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.97	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	3.36	1	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.76	2	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	1.97	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	1.97	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	1.97	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	1.97	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	1.97	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	1.97	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	1.97	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	2.89	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.89	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	3.35	1	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	3.35	1	1
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.97	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	1.96	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	3.35	1	1
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	3.35	1	1
Kidney Stones [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	1.96	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	1.96	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	1.96	1	0

sodium carbonate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (120)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (376 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (8)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (6)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (69)

Research

Studies (609)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 96.28

Study Types

sodium carbonate

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (120)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (376 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (8)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (6)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (69)

Research

Studies (609)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 96.28

Study Types

Related Drugs (488)

Related Conditions (164)