Compounds > mitragynine
Page last updated: 2024-07-31 16:35:49

mitragynine

Description

speciogynine: structure in first source [MeSH]

Mitragynine : no description available [CHeBI]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3034396
PubMed CID15560577
CHEMBL ID299031
CHEMBL ID4859858
SCHEMBL ID875799
SCHEMBL ID875800
SCHEMBL ID15979410
CHEBI ID6956
MeSH IDM0042144

Synonyms (45)

Synonym
4098-40-2
mitragynine
C09226
chebi:6956 ,
CHEMBL299031 ,
sk&f 12711
9-methoxycorynantheidine
ep479k822j ,
skf 12711
hsdb 7901
(-)-mitragynine
unii-ep479k822j
16,17-didehydro-9,17-dimethoxy-17,18-seco-20-alpha-yohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
mitragynin
(.alpha.e,2s,3s,12.beta.s)-3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-8-methoxy-.alpha.-(methoxymethylene)-indolo(2,3-a)quinolizine-2-acetic acid methyl ester
mitragynine [mi]
mitragynine [who-dd]
indolo(2,3-a)quinolizine-2-acetic acid, 3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-8-methoxy-.alpha.-(methoxymethylene)-, methyl ester, (.alpha.e,2s,3s,12bs)-
SCHEMBL875799
SCHEMBL875800
methyl (2e)-2-[(2s,4s,5s)-5-ethyl-12-methoxy-7,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,16}]heptadeca-1(10),11,13,15-tetraen-4-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate
bdbm50474152
Q414299
methyl(e)-2-[(2s,3s,12bs)-3-ethyl-8-methoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate
mitragynine picrate
mitragynine - 95%
BM164595
DTXSID701032140
mitragynine 100 microg/ml in methanol
mitragynine, 1mg/ml in methanol
mitragynine, 0.1mg/ml in methanol
4697-67-0
speciogynine
SCHEMBL15979410
17,18-secoyohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 16,17-didehydro-9,17-dimethoxy-, methyl ester, (e)-
indolo(2,3-a)quinolizine-2-acetic acid, 3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-8-methoxy-alpha-(methoxymethylene)-, methyl ester, (alphae,2s,3r,12bs)-
unii-bb185of16a
indolo(2,3-a)quinolizine-2-acetic acid, 3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-8-methoxy-.alpha.-(methoxymethylene)-, methyl ester, (.alpha.e,2s,3r,12bs)-
(+)-speciogynine
BB185OF16A ,
(16e)-16,17-didehydro-9,17-dimethoxycorynan-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
DTXSID901318037
methyl (e)-2-[(2s,3r,12bs)-3-ethyl-8-methoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate
CHEMBL4859858 ,
bdbm50566316

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
monoterpenoid indole alkaloidA terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.

Protein Targets (20)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.0047AID1830044; AID1830045
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.7200AID1581731
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.1000AID1775306
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.2900AID1581732
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.3200AID1581733
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.4800AID1581730
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.1650AID1830041
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.7150AID1830039
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC504.0000AID1629752
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki1.0110AID1629755
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC504.0000AID1629759
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.2310AID1629754
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki5.8000AID1830042
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.3400AID1581728
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.7700AID1581729
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC505.7000AID1872149
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.4022AID1581727; AID1749821; AID1872031
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.0000AID1872150
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.0000AID1872032
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki1.0000AID754487
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.0000AID1872151
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.3900AID1581726; AID1872033
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.4637AID1830038; AID1830040
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.2300AID1629753
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.0072AID754489

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.2454AID1581734; AID1581748; AID1809484; AID1872142
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC508.5000AID1872153
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.2030AID1629756

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.1792AID1581737

Bioassays (214)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347387Cytotoxicity qHTS for assessment of Hepg2 cells membrane integrity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347401Redox Reaction Profiling qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347394Vero-766 cells viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library: Counterscreen for Zika virus inhibition assay2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347369MCF7 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347367qHTS for ATAD5 Agonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID134737610-beta competent E. coli microbial cell viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347366KB-3-1 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347347UWB1.289 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347360HPAF-II 18hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347375qHTS for Hypoxia signaling pathway (HIF-1) agonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347346HPAF-II Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347379qHTS for Inflammasome Signaling Inhibitors: IL-1-beta AlphaLISA screen against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347380qHTS for Antimalaria activity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347372qHTS for Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Antagonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347368G06 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347345OV-KATE Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347365SDT Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347391qHTS for activators of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347390Secretion counterscreen for inhibitors of the SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347378qHTS for H2AX Agonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347393qHTS for inhibitors of ER calcium dysfunction: SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347352COV-362 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347374qHTS for Hypoxia signaling pathway (HIF-1) antagonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347358HPAF-II 12hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347348OV-SAHO Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347361HEK293 12hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347349Panc-1005 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347357HEK293 18hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347396qHTS for inhibitors of Wild type Zika virus screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347392qHTS for activators of dead-cell proteases activity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347354UWB1.289-WTBRCA1 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347355HEK-293 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347353A2780 Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347351U-118MG Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347356HPAF-II 24hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347359HEK293 24hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347370qHTS for ATAD5 Antagonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347402qHTS for inhibitors of Rabies Virus screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347373qHTS for Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Agonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347381Inflammasome Signaling qHTS Counterscreen: IL-1-beta AlphaLISA counterscreen against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347350SW1088 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347377DH5-alpha competent E. coli microbial cell viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
ISSN: 1091-6490		Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347389qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of mitochondrial membrane potential screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347371J3T Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347363Firefly luciferase counterscreen qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347388qHTS for Activators of p53 Stress Response Pathway screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347362Diaphorse counterscreen qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347400Viability qHTS for inhibitors of the SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347364KB-8-5-11 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library2018ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12
ISSN: 2374-7943		Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1775301Dose normalized Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1872033Binding affinity to KOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID222755activity evaluated by its ability to inhibit the electrically induced twitch contraction in guinea pig ileum, which is reversed by naloxone (300 nM)(P < 0.01)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1581712Displacement of [3H]DADLE from human recombinant delta opioid receptor expressed in rat Chem-1 (RBL) cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID754489Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opoid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain after 1.5 hrs by liquid scintillation spectrometry2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1775306Inhibition of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes assessed as inhibition of dextromethorphan O-demethylation using dextromethorphan as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by NADPH addition by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830048Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2C receptor expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM measured after 60 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1872142Agonist activity at MOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1581742Competitive antagonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of epinephrine-induced intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775282Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 2.5 ng/ml measured at -80 degC for 4 weeks by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775322Drug metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as 7-HMG metabolite formation by measuring percentage metabolic ratio of AUC(0-24 hrs) of 7-HMG/AUC(0-24hrs) of parent compound at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by 2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830035Displacement of [125I]CYP from rat cerebral cortex 5-HT1B receptor at 100 nM measured after 120 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830045Displacement of [3H]8-OH-DAPT from human recombinant 5-HT1A receptor expressed in CHO cells measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1629753Displacement of [125I]-IBNtxA from mouse mu opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 90 mins2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID148204Binding affinity using guinea pig brain membrane preparations, towards Opioid receptor mu 1 using [3H]- DAMGO as radioligand2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1581727Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID754479Inhibition of gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal in rat at 55.2 mg/kg, po2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1830062Antinociceptive activity against Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as lower lip retraction at 56 mg/kg, ip measured for 15 mins2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581748Agonist activity at human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation by HTRF assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581708Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1872155Antinociceptive activity in po dosed mouse by tail flick assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1581741Competitive antagonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1A receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of epinephrine-induced intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1629759Antagonist activity at mouse kappa opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as inhibition of U50,488H-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding incubated for 60 mins by scintillation spectroscopic analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1581715Displacement of radioligand from ORL1 (unknown origin) at 100 nM incubated for 120 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID150056Binding affinity using guinea pig brain membrane preparations, towards Opioid receptor delta 1 using [3H]DPDPE as radioligand2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1830047Displacement of [3H]BRL43694 from human recombinant 5-HT3 receptor expressed in CHO cells at 100 nM measured after 120 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1610010Inhibition of kappa opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1629757Agonist activity at mouse mu opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as [35S]GTPgammaS binding incubated for 60 mins by scintillation spectroscopic analysis relative to DAMGO2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1581750Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as elimination rate constant in presence of NADPH incubated up to 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775337Dose normalized Cmax in rat plasma at 20 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581729Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID222419Relative inhibitory activity expressed as the percentage of the maximum inhibition by the compound against that of morphine2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1830039Displacement of [3H]LSD from human recombinant 5-HT2C receptor expressed in HEK cells by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581752Fraction unbound in human plasma at 1 uM by equilibrium dialysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID754485Selectivity ratio of Ki for mu opioid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain over Ki for kappa opioid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1610009Inhibition of delta opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1581725Displacement of [3H]DADLE from human recombinant delta opioid receptor expressed in rat Chem-1 (RBL) cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1629755Displacement of [125I]-IBNtxA from mouse delta opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 90 mins2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1775342Stability of the compound in water-methanol mixture (1:1) assessed as drug recovery2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581734Agonist activity at human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 10 mins by HTRF assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775305Dose normalized AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581737Antagonist activity at human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of DAMGO-induced of cAMP accumulation incubated for 10 mins by HTRF assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1610016Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1775287Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1610017Agonist activity at kappa opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1830023AUCinfinity in Sprague-Dawley rat at 5 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID149837Relative affinity evaluated for Opioid receptor kappa 12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1581740Partial agonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1D receptor expressed in rat RBL cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1830051Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2B receptor expressed in CHO cells at 100 nM measured after 60 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581721Displacement of [3H]DADLE from human recombinant delta opioid receptor expressed in rat Chem-1 (RBL) cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1809484Agonist activity at human MOR expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation incubated for 30 mins by Glo-sensor cAMP assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects.
AID1581743Competitive antagonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1D receptor expressed in rat RBL cells assessed as inhibition of epinephrine-induced intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581724Displacement of radioligand from ORL1 (unknown origin) at 10000 nM incubated for 120 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775288AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID754488Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from delta opoid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation spectrometry2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID222285% maximum inhibition is elicited when the response reaches plateau, calculated regarding electrically induced contraction in guinea pig ileum as 100%2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1581755Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as hepatic clearance in presence of NADPH incubated up to 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1809486Agonist activity at human MOR receptor expressed in HTLA cells co-expressing TEV-fused-beta-arrestin2 assessed as induction of beta-arrestin2 recruitment by Tango assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects.
AID1581716Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1872150Inhibition of DOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1610015Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID754476Agonist activity at opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum assessed as inhibition of electrically-induced twitch at 100 pM to 30 uM relative to morphine2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1581720Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581756Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as hepatic extraction ratio in presence of NADPH incubated up to 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581726Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from human recombinant kappa opioid receptor expressed in rat RBL cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775300Dose normalized AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581717Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1830041Displacement of [3H]LSD from human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK cells by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1775277Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 160 ng/ml measured on the bench-top for 2 hrs by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830053Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 nM measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581732Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1830032Displacement of [125I]CYP from rat cerebral cortex 5-HT1B receptor at 10 uM measured after 120 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581739Partial agonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1A receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581754Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as intrinsic clearance in presence of NADPH incubated up to 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775280Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 2.5 ng/ml measured under freeze-thaw conditions for 3 cycles by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775338Dose normalized AUC in rat plasma at 20 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775324Drug metabolism in Beagle dog plasma assessed as percentage metabolic ratio at 5 mg/kg, po2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1872152Agonist activity at MOP (unknown origin) relative to control2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1749821Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 120 mins by radiometric scintillation analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025
AID1872032Binding affinity to DOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID754486Selectivity ratio of Ki for mu opioid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain over Ki for delta opioid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1610019Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1581751Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as half life in presence of NADPH incubated up to 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581709Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1D receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581711Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2B receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1830040Displacement of [3H]LSD from human recombinant 5-HT2B receptor expressed in HEK cells by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1775304Dose normalized Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID222586Relative potency expressed as the percentage of the pD2 value against that of morphine2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1830024Clearence in Sprague-Dawley rat at 5 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1629767Antinociceptive activity in sc dosed CD-1 mouse assessed as increase in reaction time measured 15 mins post dose by radiant heat tail flick assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1809485Agonist activity at human MOR expressed in HEK-293T cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation incubated for 30 mins by Glo-sensor cAMP assay relative to DAMGO2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects.
AID148190Relative affinity evaluated for Opioid receptor mu 12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1830033Displacement of [3H]8-OH-DAPT from human recombinant 5-HT1A receptor expressed in cells at 100 nM measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830046Displacement of [3H]BRL43694 from human recombinant 5-HT3 receptor expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM measured after 120 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1775279Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 160 ng/ml measured in autosampler for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581713Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from human recombinant kappa opioid receptor expressed in rat RBL cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775299Ratio of Dose normalized AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation to Dose normalized AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581710Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775276AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581723Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581728Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1629756Agonist activity at mouse mu opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as [35S]GTPgammaS binding incubated for 60 mins by scintillation spectroscopic analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1610018Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1581753Fraction unbound in human liver microsomes at 1 uM by equilibrium dialysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1872153Agonist activity at KOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1775275Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 2.5 ng/ml measured on the bench-top for 2 hrs by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775286Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830042Displacement of [3H]5-CT from human recombinant 5-HT7A receptor expressed in HEK cells by radioligand completion assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID149845Binding affinity using guinea pig brain membrane preparations, towards Opioid receptor kappa 1 using [3H]- U-69,593 as radioligand2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1775303Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775283Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 160 ng/ml measured at -80 degC for 4 weeks by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830034Displacement of [3H]8-OH-DAPT from human recombinant 5-HT1A receptor expressed in cells at 10 uM measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581718Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1D receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775281Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 160 ng/ml measured under freeze-thaw conditions for 3 cycles by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581722Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from human recombinant kappa opioid receptor expressed in rat RBL cell membranes at 1000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581719Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 10000 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775323Drug metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as 7-HMG metabolite formation by measuring percentage metabolic ratio of AUC(0-24 hrs) of 7-HMG/AUC(0-24hrs) of parent compound at 9.6 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1809487Agonist activity at human MOR receptor expressed in HTLA cells co-expressing TEV-fused-beta-arrestin2 assessed as induction of beta-arrestin2 recruitment by Tango assay relative to DAMGO2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects.
AID1581731Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1775302Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 5.73 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1610020Agonist activity at kappa opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes by [35S]-GTPgammaS binding assay relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1775341Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as drug recovery2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1581733Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2C receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581707Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581749Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as induction of hypothermia at 0.0032 to 10 mg/kg, iv2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1872031Binding affinity to MOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID754487Displacement of [3H]U-69593 from kappa opoid receptor in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig brain after 1 hr by liquid scintillation spectrometry2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID1581714Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from human recombinant mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes at 100 nM incubated for 60 mins relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1830059Antinociceptive activity against Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as lower lip retraction at 56 mg/kg, ip measured for 15 mins in presence of WAY1006352021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830052Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830050Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2B receptor expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM measured after 60 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830021Elimination rate constant in Sprague-Dawley rat at 5 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1581730Displacement of [3H]prazosin from human recombinant adrenergic alpha-1D receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 60 mins2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1629765Activation of mu opioid receptor-1 (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as beta-arrestin-2 recruitment at 10 uM after 90 mins by beta-galactosidase complementation assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1581747Antinociceptive activity in Sprague-Dawley rat dosed intravenously using cumulative dosing every 5 mins until rat maxed-out on hot plate co-treated with 0.1 mg/kg naltrexone by hot plate test2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1629754Displacement of [125I]-IBNtxA from mouse kappa opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 90 mins2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1830022Apparent volume of distributed in Sprague-Dawley rat at 5 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830037Antinociceptive activity against ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as loser lip retraction measured for 15 mins2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1629752Antagonist activity at mouse delta opioid receptor-1 expressed in CHO cell membranes assessed as inhibition of DPDPE-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding incubated for 60 mins by scintillation spectroscopic analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Mitragynine/Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls As Opioid Analgesics with Mu Agonism and Delta Antagonism, Which Do Not Recruit β-Arrestin-2.
AID1581746Antinociceptive activity in Sprague-Dawley rat dosed intravenously using cumulative dosing every 5 mins until rat maxed-out on hot plate by hot plate test relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID1581744Competitive antagonist activity at human recombinant adrenergic alpha-2C receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of epinephrine-induced intracellular calcium levels incubated at room temperature by fluorimetry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1
ISSN: 1520-4804		Investigation of the Adrenergic and Opioid Binding Affinities, Metabolic Stability, Plasma Protein Binding Properties, and Functional Effects of Selected Indole-Based Kratom Alkaloids.
AID754481Antinociceptive activity in mouse at 92 mg/kg, po by hot plate test2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 56, Issue:12
ISSN: 1520-4804		Orally active opioid compounds from a non-poppy source.
AID150051Relative affinity evaluated for Opioid receptor delta 12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 45, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands.
AID1775278Stability of the compound in rat plasma assessed as proportion of compound deviation from nominal concentration at 2.5 ng/ml measured in autosampler for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830049Displacement of [125I](+/-)DOI from human recombinant 5-HT2C receptor expressed in CHO cells at 100 nM measured after 60 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1610008Inhibition of mu opioid receptor in guinea pig brain membranes2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183ISSN: 1768-3254Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
AID1872164Antinociceptive activity in sc dosed mouse2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1830027AUCinfinity in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1.25 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1775334Drug uptake in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1.23 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured within 1 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830026Apparent volume of distributed in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1.25 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1872151Inhibition of KOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1830061Antinociceptive activity against Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as lower lip retraction at 17.8 mg/kg, ip measured for 15 mins2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830044Displacement of [3H]8-OH-DAPT from human recombinant 5-HT1A receptor expressed in HEK cells measured after 60 to 90 mins by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1872149Inhibition of MOP (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
ISSN: 1520-4804		Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1775326Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 0.79 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775327Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1.23 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830060Antinociceptive activity iv dosed Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as hotplate latency for 60 by hot plate test in presence of WAY1006352021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830056Antinociceptive activity iv dosed Sprague-Dawley rats assessed as hotplate latency for 60 by hot plate test2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830038Displacement of [3H]LSD from human recombinant 5-HT2B receptor expressed in CHO cells by radioligand completion assay relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1830028Clearence in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1.25 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of
AID1775333Drug uptake in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at at 0.79 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured within 1 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775328Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1.23 mg/kg, po administered as OPMS liquid formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1775325Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 0.79 mg/kg, po administered as LKT formulation measured for 24 hrs by UPLC-MS/MS analysis2021Journal of natural products, 04-23, Volume: 84, Issue:4
ISSN: 1520-6025		Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats.
AID1830025Elimination rate constant in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1.25 mg/kg, iv2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-23, Volume: 64, Issue:18
ISSN: 1520-4804		Activity of

Research

Studies (200)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (1.00)18.7374
1990's6 (3.00)18.2507
2000's19 (9.50)29.6817
2010's105 (52.50)24.3611
2020's68 (34.00)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews24 (10.91%)6.00%
Case Studies14 (6.36%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other182 (82.73%)84.16%
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
tabersonine
0
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite		00low000000
voacamine
0
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite		00low000000
strychnine n-oxide
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound;
tertiary amine oxide		plant metabolite00low000000
methyl reserpate
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
ervatamine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
strychnine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide		00low000000
raubasine
0
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent		00low000000
brucine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		00low000000
noribogaine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		00low000000
pleiocarpamine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
catharanthine
0
alkaloid ester;
bridged compound;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		00low000000
coronardine
0
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antileishmanial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite		00low000000
vincosamide
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
akuammicine
0
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		plant metabolite00low000000
quinine
0
Aspidosperma alkaloid;
epoxide;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		plant metabolite00low000000
leuconolam
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
vindolinine
0
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		plant metabolite00low000000
goniomitine
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
stemmadenine
0
Aspidosperma alkaloid;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite00low000000
lundurine a
0
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid00low000000
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
gallic acid
1
trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
indoleacetic acid
1
indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
melatonin
1
acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
n-acetylserotonin
1
acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist		201820186.0low000010
naringenin
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone		201820186.0low000010
phenethylamine
1
alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201820186.0low000010
tryptamine
1
aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
1
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist202120213.0low000001
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
1
catechin201820186.0medium000010
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
1
indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201820186.0low000010
5-methoxytryptamine
1
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist		201820186.0low000010
7,8-dihydroxyflavone
1
dihydroxyflavoneantidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist		201820186.0low000010
4',7-dihydroxyflavanone
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
polyphenol		Brassica napus metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
verapamil
1
aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound		2002200222.0low000100
fentanyl
2
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		202020213.5low000011
harmaline
1
harmala alkaloidoneirogen201820186.0low000010
octopamine
1
phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter201820186.0low000010
prazosin
1
aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor		202020204.0low000010
sb 206553
1
pyrroloindole202120213.0low000001
tyramine
1
monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		201820186.0low000010
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
1
piperazines202120213.0low000001
wb 4101
1
aromatic ether;
benzodioxine;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist202020204.0low000010
n-methyltryptamine
1
tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines		metabolite201820186.0low000010
gramine
1
aminoalkylindole;
indole alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist		201820186.0low000010
yohimbine
2
methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		201820205.0low000020
methyl-4-tyramine
1
tyraminesmouse metabolite201820186.0low000010
n-methylphenethylamine
1
201820186.0low000010
tabersonine
1
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
ipsapirone
1
N-arylpiperazine202120213.0low000001
betulinic acid
1
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
1
gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
maslinic acid
1
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
mitraphylline
1
indolizines202120213.0low000001
quindoline
1
201820186.0low000010
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
2
heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist201620206.0low000020
u 69593
1
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		202020204.0low000010
tryptoline
1
beta-carbolines201820186.0low000010
pumiliotoxin c
1
201820186.0low000010
diazaquinomycin a
1
quinolone201820186.0medium000010
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide
1
202220222.0low000001
fraxinellone
1
2-benzofurans201820186.0low000010
glabridin
1
hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug201820186.0low000010
2',6'-dimethyltyrosine
1
202220222.0low000001
dermorphin, arg(2)-
1
202220222.0low000001
salvinorin a
1
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen		202220222.0low000001
6-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-2,3,7-trichloro-1-octene
1
monoterpenoid;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer
1
202120213.0low000001
pseudonicotine
1
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine201820186.0low000010
deferrioxamine e
1
cyclic desferrioxamine;
cyclic hydroxamic acid;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
siderophore		201820186.0low000010
4'-hydroxyflavanone
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monohydroxyflavanone		201820186.0low000010
atropine
1
2002200222.0low000100
lupeol
1
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
crinine
1
alkaloid201820186.0low000010
strychnine
1
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide		201820186.0low000010
micheliolide
1
sesquiterpene lactone201820186.0low000010
pancracine
1
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
isoquinoline alkaloid		201820186.0low000010
ferulic acid
1
ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
piperine
1
benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
trichodermamide b
1
201820186.0medium000010
hirsutine, (16e,20beta)-isomer
4
alkaloidmetabolite200220218.0high000112
helvolic acid
1
3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid;
acetate ester;
monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid		antibacterial agent;
fungal metabolite;
mycotoxin		201820186.0low000010
u-50488
1
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		202020204.0low000010
paynantheine
4
201820223.5high000013
chimonanthine
1
chimonanthine201820186.0low000010
3-deoxyisoochracinic acid
1
201820186.0high000010
luteolin-7-glucoside
1
beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
rutin
1
disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
harmine
1
harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
baicalein
1
trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
fisetin
1
3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
wogonin
1
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
codeine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		2013201311.0low000010
morphine
7
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		200220227.9low000142
endomorphin 1
1
oligopeptide202220222.0low000001
endomorphin 2
2
201620225.0low000011
cytochalasin b
1
cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside
1
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
1
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
radicinin
1
aromatic ketone201820186.0low000010
calycanthine
1
aminal;
calycanthaceous alkaloid;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		201820186.0low000010
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
3
peptide201620215.0low000021
norbinaltorphimine
1
isoquinolines201620168.0low000010
xanthoepocin
1
201820186.0high000010
dermorphin
1
oligopeptide202220222.0low000001
naltrindole
1
isoquinolines201620168.0low000010
herboxidiene
1
201820186.0low000010
trk 820
1
phenanthrenes201920195.0low000010
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
1
germacranolide201820186.0medium000010
panduratin a
1
diarylheptanoidmetabolite201820186.0low000010
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
1
oligopeptide201820186.0low000010
13-epi-sclareol
1
201820186.0low000010
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, (r)-isomer
1
202120213.0low000001
corynoxine b
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
akuammicine
1
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		plant metabolite201820186.0low000010
hermitamide b
1
201820186.0medium000010
trans-delta-tocotrienoloic acid
1
tocotrienol201820186.0low000010
corynoxine
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
nodulisporic acid a
1
201820186.0low000010
9-(benzoyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2h-naphtho(2,1-c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester
1
201920195.0low000010
scopadulcic acid b
1
201820186.0low000010
gliocladin c
1
201820186.0low000010
zincophorin
1
pyransbacterial metabolite;
ionophore		201820186.0low000010
streptazolin
1
201820186.0low000010
chatancin
1
201820186.0medium000010
morelloflavone
1
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavanone;
hydroxyflavone		plant metabolite201820186.0low000010
cinnamosmolide
1
201820186.0medium000010
15-deoxygoyazensolide
1
201820186.0medium000010
mitragynine, (3beta,16e,20beta)-isomer
4
202020223.0high000013
mitragynine
4
201820223.5high000013
spongia-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid
1
cyclic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		androgen antagonist;
metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
roquefortine
1
pyrroloindole201820186.0high000010
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
1
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion201820186.0medium000010
cym51010
1
201920195.0medium000010
marinopyrrole a
1
aromatic ketone;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
pyrroles		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite		201820186.0low000010
colletoic acid
1
201820186.0medium000010
ipomoeassin f
1
201820186.0low000010
6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9h-xanthene-1,3-dione
1
xanthenes201820186.0high000010
7-hydroxymitragynine
9
alkaloid200220217.2high000153
mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
4
2002201911.5high000130
dorrigocin b
1
201820186.0medium000010
dorrigocin a
1
201820186.0low000010
cj 15,208
1
202220222.0medium000001
2-[5-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methylthio]-4-(2-furanylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine
1
triazoles201920195.0medium000010
tatanan a
1
201820186.0medium000010
ilicicolin h
1
aromatic ketone;
carbobicyclic compound;
ilicicolin;
monohydroxypyridine;
octahydronaphthalenes;
phenols;
pyridone		antimicrobial agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
tatanan b
1
201820186.0high000010
3-(2-((cyclobutylmethyl)(phenethyl)amino)ethyl)phenol
1
201920195.0medium000010
gracilioether f
1
201820186.0medium000010
cryptocaryol a
1
2-pyranones;
pentol		plant metabolite201820186.0medium000010
22-thiocyanatosalvinorin a
2
201920223.5high000011
tetrahydroamentoflavone
1
201820186.0high000010
nataxazole
1
201820186.0high000010
gallic acid
1
trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
indoleacetic acid
1
indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
melatonin
1
acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
n-acetylserotonin
1
acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist		201820186.0low000010
naringenin
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone		201820186.0low000010
phenethylamine
1
alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201820186.0low000010
tryptamine
1
aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
1
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist202120213.0low000001
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
1
catechin201820186.0medium000010
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
1
indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201820186.0low000010
5-methoxytryptamine
1
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist		201820186.0low000010
7,8-dihydroxyflavone
1
dihydroxyflavoneantidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist		201820186.0low000010
4',7-dihydroxyflavanone
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
polyphenol		Brassica napus metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
harmaline
1
harmala alkaloidoneirogen201820186.0low000010
octopamine
1
phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter201820186.0low000010
sb 206553
1
pyrroloindole202120213.0low000001
tyramine
1
monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		201820186.0low000010
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
1
piperazines202120213.0low000001
n-methyltryptamine
1
tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines		metabolite201820186.0low000010
gramine
1
aminoalkylindole;
indole alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist		201820186.0low000010
yohimbine
1
methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		201820186.0low000010
methyl-4-tyramine
1
tyraminesmouse metabolite201820186.0low000010
n-methylphenethylamine
1
201820186.0low000010
tabersonine
1
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
ipsapirone
1
N-arylpiperazine202120213.0low000001
betulinic acid
1
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
1
gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
maslinic acid
1
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
mitraphylline
1
indolizines202120213.0low000001
quindoline
1
201820186.0low000010
tryptoline
1
beta-carbolines201820186.0low000010
pumiliotoxin c
1
201820186.0low000010
diazaquinomycin a
1
quinolone201820186.0medium000010
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide
1
202220222.0low000001
fraxinellone
1
2-benzofurans201820186.0low000010
glabridin
1
hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug201820186.0low000010
2',6'-dimethyltyrosine
1
202220222.0low000001
dermorphin, arg(2)-
1
202220222.0low000001
salvinorin a
1
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen		202220222.0low000001
6-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-2,3,7-trichloro-1-octene
1
monoterpenoid;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
pseudonicotine
1
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine201820186.0low000010
deferrioxamine e
1
cyclic desferrioxamine;
cyclic hydroxamic acid;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
siderophore		201820186.0low000010
4'-hydroxyflavanone
1
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monohydroxyflavanone		201820186.0low000010
lupeol
1
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
crinine
1
alkaloid201820186.0low000010
strychnine
1
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide		201820186.0low000010
micheliolide
1
sesquiterpene lactone201820186.0low000010
pancracine
1
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
isoquinoline alkaloid		201820186.0low000010
ferulic acid
1
ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
piperine
1
benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
trichodermamide b
1
201820186.0medium000010
hirsutine, (16e,20beta)-isomer
2
alkaloidmetabolite202120213.0high000002
helvolic acid
1
3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid;
acetate ester;
monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid		antibacterial agent;
fungal metabolite;
mycotoxin		201820186.0low000010
mitragynine
4
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid201820223.5low000013
paynantheine
4
201820223.5high000013
chimonanthine
1
chimonanthine201820186.0low000010
3-deoxyisoochracinic acid
1
201820186.0high000010
luteolin-7-glucoside
1
beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
rutin
1
disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
harmine
1
harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite		201820186.0low000010
baicalein
1
trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger		201820186.0low000010
fisetin
1
3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
wogonin
1
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
morphine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		202220222.0low000001
endomorphin 1
1
oligopeptide202220222.0low000001
endomorphin 2
1
202220222.0low000001
cytochalasin b
1
cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside
1
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
1
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
radicinin
1
aromatic ketone201820186.0low000010
calycanthine
1
aminal;
calycanthaceous alkaloid;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		201820186.0low000010
xanthoepocin
1
201820186.0high000010
dermorphin
1
oligopeptide202220222.0low000001
herboxidiene
1
201820186.0low000010
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
1
germacranolide201820186.0medium000010
panduratin a
1
diarylheptanoidmetabolite201820186.0low000010
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
1
oligopeptide201820186.0low000010
13-epi-sclareol
1
201820186.0low000010
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, (r)-isomer
1
202120213.0low000001
corynoxine b
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
akuammicine
1
methyl ester;
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		plant metabolite201820186.0low000010
hermitamide b
1
201820186.0medium000010
trans-delta-tocotrienoloic acid
1
tocotrienol201820186.0low000010
corynoxine
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
nodulisporic acid a
1
201820186.0low000010
scopadulcic acid b
1
201820186.0low000010
gliocladin c
1
201820186.0low000010
zincophorin
1
pyransbacterial metabolite;
ionophore		201820186.0low000010
streptazolin
1
201820186.0low000010
chatancin
1
201820186.0medium000010
morelloflavone
1
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavanone;
hydroxyflavone		plant metabolite201820186.0low000010
cinnamosmolide
1
201820186.0medium000010
15-deoxygoyazensolide
1
201820186.0medium000010
mitragynine, (3beta,16e,20beta)-isomer
3
202120222.7high000003
spongia-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid
1
cyclic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		androgen antagonist;
metabolite		201820186.0medium000010
roquefortine
1
pyrroloindole201820186.0high000010
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate
1
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion201820186.0medium000010
marinopyrrole a
1
aromatic ketone;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
pyrroles		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite		201820186.0low000010
colletoic acid
1
201820186.0medium000010
ipomoeassin f
1
201820186.0low000010
6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9h-xanthene-1,3-dione
1
xanthenes201820186.0high000010
7-hydroxymitragynine
3
alkaloid201820214.0low000012
dorrigocin b
1
201820186.0medium000010
dorrigocin a
1
201820186.0low000010
cj 15,208
1
202220222.0medium000001
tatanan a
1
201820186.0medium000010
ilicicolin h
1
aromatic ketone;
carbobicyclic compound;
ilicicolin;
monohydroxypyridine;
octahydronaphthalenes;
phenols;
pyridone		antimicrobial agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
tatanan b
1
201820186.0high000010
gracilioether f
1
201820186.0medium000010
cryptocaryol a
1
2-pyranones;
pentol		plant metabolite201820186.0medium000010
22-thiocyanatosalvinorin a
1
202220222.0medium000001
tetrahydroamentoflavone
1
201820186.0high000010
nataxazole
1
201820186.0high000010
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
gamma-aminobutyric acid
2
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule		201820233.5low000011
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
1
catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite202220222.0low000001
histamine
1
aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		1997199727.0low001000
urea
1
isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		202120213.0low000001
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
1
chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin		2013201311.0low000010
homovanillic acid
1
guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		202220222.0low000001
phenytoin
1
imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent		2010201014.0low000100
acetaminophen
1
acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic		2011201113.0low000010
am 251
1
amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist		2012201212.0low000010
citalopram
1
2-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		201820186.0low000010
clonidine
1
clonidine;
imidazoline		1997199727.0low001000
diazepam
1
1,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic		2014201410.0low000010
fentanyl
2
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		202020213.5low000011
fluorouracil
1
nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic		2014201410.0low000010
gabapentin
1
gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic		201820186.0low000010
indomethacin
1
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic		202320231.0low000001
kinetin
1
6-aminopurines;
furans		cytokinin;
geroprotector		2013201311.0low000010
loperamide
1
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist		201820186.0low000010
methadone
1
benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound		202120213.0low000001
midazolam
2
imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative		201320217.0low000011
nicardipine
1
benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound		1997199727.0low001000
potassium chloride
1
inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer2005200519.0low000100
promethazine
1
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative		2011201113.0low000010
psilocin
1
hydroxyindoles;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		drug metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
serotonergic agonist		2013201311.0low000010
tyramine
1
monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		2005200519.0low000100
corticosterone
1
11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2011201113.0low000010
thyroxine
1
2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone		2011201113.0low000010
pentylenetetrazole
1
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		202120213.0low000001
valine
1
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201720177.0low000010
tryptophan
1
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
phencyclidine
1
benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug		2010201014.0low000100
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
1
naphthylacetic acidsynthetic auxin2013201311.0low000010
propylhexedrine
1
secondary amino compound2011201113.0low000010
thiophenes
1
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent202120213.0low000001
yohimbine
2
methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		201420226.0low000011
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
2
hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative		1972201331.5low010010
1,3-dimethoxybenzene
1
methoxybenzenes2002200222.0low000100
indazoles
1
indazole201720177.0low000010
cyclopentane
1
cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent2012201212.0low000010
nuciferine
1
202020204.0low000010
psilocybin
1
organic phosphate;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
prodrug;
serotonergic agonist		2013201311.0low000010
methamphetamine
3
amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic		201320225.3low000012
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid
1
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		202320231.0low000001
phenyl acetate
1
benzenes;
phenyl acetates		2012201212.0low000010
tramadol
3
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		2011201412.0low000030
carfentanil
1
methyl ester;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
tranquilizing drug		202020204.0low000010
cathinone
1
2-aminopropiophenone;
monoamine alkaloid		central nervous system stimulant;
psychotropic drug		201520159.0low000010
benzylaminopurine
1
6-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
betulinic acid
1
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite		2014201410.0low000010
loganin
1
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
nicotine
1
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic		2005200519.0low000100
mitraphylline
3
indolizines201420217.7medium000021
glucuronic acid
1
D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite201920195.0low000010
deoxyglucose
1
2002200222.0low000100
salvinorin a
3
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen		200820219.3low000111
o-demethyltramadol
3
2011201412.0low000030
dihydrocorynantheol
1
2011201113.0medium000010
sb 203580
1
imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent		2011201113.0low000010
wortmannin
1
acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent		2011201113.0low000010
2-oxindole
1
gamma-lactam;
indolinone		2014201410.0low000010
betadex
1
cyclodextrin202220222.0low000001
tretinoin
1
retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule		2013201311.0low000010
cocaine
2
benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic		201520216.0low000011
iridoids
1
2013201311.0low000010
enkephalin, leucine
1
pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite		2011201113.0low000010
buprenorphine
3
morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201120217.3low000021
thiourea
1
one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore		2012201212.0low000010
digoxin
1
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope		201920195.0low000010
sch 23390
1
benzazepine202320231.0low000001
paynantheine
3
201220216.3high000021
hirsutine
1
202120213.0low000001
naloxazine
1
201920195.0high000010
jhw 015
1
indolecarboxamide2013201311.0low000010
bilirubin
1
biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2011201113.0low000010
dinoprostone
1
prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic		2011201113.0low000010
sdz psc 833
1
homodetic cyclic peptide201920195.0low000010
codeine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		1972197252.0low010000
nalorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid1972197252.0low010000
naloxone
10
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist		1996202214.2low004042
oxycodone
2
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201620225.0low000011
morphine
18
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		1997202310.1low0013104
naltrexone
6
cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic		199820228.5low001023
dextromethorphan
1
6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		202120213.0low000001
heroin
3
morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug		201820223.7low000012
norbinaltorphimine
2
isoquinolines1998201219.0low001010
naltrindole
3
isoquinolines1998201914.3low001020
raubasine
1
yohimban alkaloid202120213.0low000001
dizocilpine maleate
1
maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist		202320231.0low000001
naloxonazine
3
1998201221.0low002010
corynoxine b
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
corynoxine
1
indolizinesmetabolite202120213.0medium000001
scopolamine hydrobromide
1
2010201014.0low000100
mitragynine
5
201220225.0high000032
methyl jasmonate
1
2012201212.0low000010
quetiapine fumarate
1
fumarate salt201920195.0low000010
piperidines
1
2012201212.0low000010
7-hydroxymitragynine
31
alkaloid200420226.5high0002254
mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
1
1999199925.0high001000
methylone
1
benzodioxoles2013201311.0low000010
n-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide
1
201720177.0low000010
preproenkephalin
1
2011201113.0low000010
mitraphylline
1
indolizines202120213.0low000001
mitragynine
5
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid201220225.0low000032
7-hydroxymitragynine
4
alkaloid202020223.2low000022
ConditionIndicatedStudiesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease0
1
202120213.0low000001
Absence Seizure0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Ache0
8
200420227.9low000242
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure0
1
202220222.0low000001
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced0
1
202020204.0low000010
Acute Pain0
2
202320231.0low000002
Addiction, Opioid0
13
201620234.5low000085
Adverse Drug Event0
2
2011201113.0low000020
Alcohol Abuse0
2
202020213.5low000011
Alcohol Drinking0
1
202120213.0low000001
Alcoholism0
2
202020213.5low000011
Anxiety0
2
2011201411.5low000020
Anxiety Disorders0
1
201820186.0low000010
Anxiety Neuroses0
1
201820186.0low000010
Aspiration, Respiratory0
1
201720177.0low000010
Benign Neoplasms, Brain0
1
202320231.0low000001
Bile Duct Obstruction0
1
202020204.0low000010
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Body Weight0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral0
1
202020204.0low000010
Brain Neoplasms0
1
202320231.0low000001
Cancer of Colon0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Cardiac Death0
1
201920195.0low000010
Cardiac Toxicity0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Cardiotoxicity0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Cerebral Hemorrhage0
1
202020204.0low000010
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury0
1
202020204.0low000010
Chemical Dependence0
33
200520238.3medium0003264
Cholestasis0
1
202020204.0low000010
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Cognition Disorders0
1
201620168.0low000010
Colonic Neoplasms0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Coma0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Complications, Pregnancy0
1
201820186.0low000010
Congenital Zika Syndrome0
1
202020204.0low000010
Consciousness, Loss of0
1
201720177.0low000010
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure0
1
202320231.0low000001
Depression0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Diarrhea0
1
201720177.0low000010
Disease Models, Animal0
8
200820218.4low000152
Drug Overdose0
6
201120198.3low000060
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms0
18
199720226.6low0010125
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions0
2
2011201113.0low000020
Edema, Pulmonary0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Glial Cell Tumors0
1
202320231.0low000001
Glioma0
1
202320231.0low000001
Hemorrhagic Stroke0
1
202020204.0low000010
Hypoparathyroidism0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Morphine Abuse0
2
202120222.5low000002
Morphine Dependence0
2
202120222.5low000002
Muscle Contraction0
6
1997200621.8low002400
Muscle Relaxation0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Nerve Pain0
1
202320231.0low000001
Neuralgia0
1
202320231.0low000001
Neuroblastoma0
2
2005202310.0low000101
Neuromuscular Blockade0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Nociceptive Pain0
1
202120213.0low000001
Opioid-Related Disorders0
13
201620234.5low000085
Pain0
8
200420227.9low000242
Poisoning0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Pregnancy0
1
201820186.0low000010
Pulmonary Edema0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Respiratory Insufficiency0
1
202220222.0low000001
Seizures0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Sensitivity and Specificity0
1
201920195.0low000010
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome0
18
199720226.6low0010125
Substance-Related Disorders0
33
200520238.3medium0003264
Zika Virus Infection0
1
202020204.0low000010
Ache0
1
202220222.0low000001
Congenital Zika Syndrome0
1
202020204.0low000010
Disease Models, Animal0
1
202020204.0low000010
Nociceptive Pain0
1
202120213.0low000001
Pain0
1
202220222.0low000001
Zika Virus Infection0
1
202020204.0low000010

Safety/Toxicity (5)

ArticleYear
Progress in the development of more effective and safer analgesics for pain management.
European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Dec-01, Volume: 183		2019
Fatality of 33-Year-Old Man Involving Kratom Toxicity.
Journal of forensic sciences, , Volume: 64, Issue:6		2019
Kratom policy: The challenge of balancing therapeutic potential with public safety.
The International journal on drug policy, , Volume: 70		2019
Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of mitragynine and its analogues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
PloS one, , Volume: 9, Issue:12		2014
A drug toxicity death involving propylhexedrine and mitragynine.
Journal of analytical toxicology, , Volume: 35, Issue:1		2011

Long-term Use (5)

ArticleYear
Kratom Alkaloids, Natural and Semi-Synthetic, Show Less Physical Dependence and Ameliorate Opioid Withdrawal.
Cellular and molecular neurobiology, , Volume: 41, Issue:5		2021
Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man.
Drug design, development and therapy, , Volume: 9		2015
The combination of mitragynine and morphine prevents the development of morphine tolerance in mice.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), , Jan-04, Volume: 18, Issue:1		2013
Effects of mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves on working memory.
Journal of ethnopharmacology, , Jun-16, Volume: 129, Issue:3		2010
Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat dorsal raphe nuclei induced by alkaloid extract of Mitragyna speciosa.
Neuroscience letters, , Apr-12, Volume: 416, Issue:2		2007

Pharmacokinetics (6)

ArticleYear
Preclinical pharmacokinetic study of speciociliatine, a kratom alkaloid, in rats using an UPLC-MS/MS method.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, , Feb-05, Volume: 194		2021
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mitragynine, the principle alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa: present knowledge and future directions in perspective of pain.
Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, , Oct-30, Volume: 31, Issue:1		2019
Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man.
Drug design, development and therapy, , Volume: 9		2015
Determination of mitragynine in plasma with solid-phase extraction and rapid HPLC-UV analysis, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rat.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, , Volume: 397, Issue:5		2010
Determination of mitragynine in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetics.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, , Aug-15, Volume: 877, Issue:24		2009
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of mitragynine in serum and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC, , Volume: 21, Issue:2		2007

Bioavailability (3)

ArticleYear
Preclinical pharmacokinetic study of speciociliatine, a kratom alkaloid, in rats using an UPLC-MS/MS method.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, , Feb-05, Volume: 194		2021
Physicochemical Characterization of Mitragyna speciosa Alkaloid Extract and Mitragynine using In Vitro High Throughput Assays.
Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, , Volume: 20, Issue:9		2017
Determination of mitragynine in plasma with solid-phase extraction and rapid HPLC-UV analysis, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rat.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, , Volume: 397, Issue:5		2010

Dosage (6)

ArticleYear
Preclinical pharmacokinetic study of speciociliatine, a kratom alkaloid, in rats using an UPLC-MS/MS method.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, , Feb-05, Volume: 194		2021
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mitragynine, the principle alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa: present knowledge and future directions in perspective of pain.
Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, , Oct-30, Volume: 31, Issue:1		2019
In silico investigation of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine metabolism.
BMC research notes, , Jul-22, Volume: 12, Issue:1		2019
Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of mitragynine and its analogues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
PloS one, , Volume: 9, Issue:12		2014
An evidence-based systematic review of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration.
Journal of dietary supplements, , Volume: 10, Issue:2		2013
Antinociceptive action of isolated mitragynine from Mitragyna Speciosa through activation of opioid receptor system.
International journal of molecular sciences, , Volume: 13, Issue:9		2012

Interactions (2)

ArticleYear
Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions.
Scientific reports, , 11-05, Volume: 10, Issue:1		2020
Fatal combination of mitragynine and quetiapine - a case report with discussion of a potential herb-drug interaction.
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, , Volume: 15, Issue:1		2019

Natural Sources (6)

ArticleYear
The effect of mitragynine on extracellular activity of brain dopamine and its metabolites.
Brain research bulletin, , Volume: 178		2022
Kratom Adulterated with Phenylethylamine and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Linking Toxicologists and Public Health Officials to Identify Dangerous Adulterants.
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, , Volume: 16, Issue:1		2020
Abuse liability and therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine.
Addiction biology, , Volume: 24, Issue:5		2019
Opioid receptors mediate the acquisition, but not the expression of mitragynine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.
Behavioural brain research, , 08-14, Volume: 332		2017
Neurobiology of Kratom and its main alkaloid mitragynine.
Brain research bulletin, , Volume: 126, Issue:Pt 1		2016
From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, , Volume: 37, Issue:2		2013