Compounds > imiquimod
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

imiquimod

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Description

Imiquimod is an immune response modifier. It is a synthetic imidazoquinoline derivative that activates Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) on immune cells, triggering the production of cytokines such as interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Imiquimod is used topically to treat certain skin conditions, such as actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and genital warts. It is also being studied for its potential to treat other diseases, such as cancer and viral infections. Imiquimod is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process involving a series of reactions to form the imidazoquinoline core structure. Its effects on the immune system are primarily mediated through its activation of TLR7, which leads to the induction of various immune responses. It is important because it offers a novel therapeutic approach to treating various skin conditions, including those that are difficult to treat with conventional therapies. Imiquimod is studied because of its unique mechanism of action and its potential to treat a wide range of diseases.'

Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID57469
CHEMBL ID1282
CHEBI ID36704
SCHEMBL ID26136
MeSH IDM0158430

Synonyms (138)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0859
AC-529
R837 ,
9050-31-1
dz-2636
mtd-39
zyclara
tmx-101
beselna
zartra
vyloma
aldara
cellulose, hydrogen 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl ether
smr000048307
MLS000083577
imiquimod, >=98% (hplc), solid
4-amino-1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo(4,5-c)quinoline
imiquimod (jan/usp/inn)
CHEBI:36704 ,
zyclara (tn)
1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
imiquimodum
r 837
D02500
aldara (tn)
s-26308
99011-02-6
imiquimod
1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine, 1-(2-methylpropyl)-
r-837
1-isobutylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
imiquimod acetate
DB00724
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1h-imidazole[4,5-c]quinoline-4-amine
NCGC00070736-02
c14h16n4
s 26308
1h-imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-4-amine, 1-(2-methylpropyl)-
nsc-369100
1h-imidazo[4, 1-(2-methylpropyl)-
nsc369100
1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-4-amine
HMS2090M14
bdbm50240849
I0747
4-amino-1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline
nsc741062
CHEMBL1282 ,
nsc-759651
s26308 ,
1-(2-methylpropyl)imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
A845945
1-(2-methylpropyl)-4-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolinamine
nsc 759651
unii-p1qw714r7m
nsc 741062
nsc 369100
tmx 101
hsdb 8129
p1qw714r7m ,
imiquimod [usan:inn:ban]
BBL010772
pharmakon1600-01502351
nsc759651
cas-99011-02-6
dtxsid7041047 ,
tox21_110985
dtxcid5021047
BRD-K26657438-001-13-7
IMIQUIMOD - ALDARA
STK583860
HMS2232G07
AKOS005507352
FT-0602727
NCGC00070736-04
imiquimod [mart.]
imiquimod [vandf]
imiquimod [usp monograph]
imiquimod [who-dd]
imiquimod [usp-rs]
imiquimod [orange book]
imiquimod [ema epar]
imiquimod [usan]
imiquimod [jan]
imiquimod [inn]
imiquimod [mi]
S1211
HMS3373B13
gtpl5003
CCG-208015
CS-2058
HY-B0180
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1himidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-4-amine
1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-ylamine
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]-quinolin-4-amine
1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo [4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
SCHEMBL26136
NCGC00070736-03
tox21_110985_1
KS-5218
AB00399298-06
AB00399298-05
AB00399298-07
SY017571
mfcd00866946
HB3109
AB00399298_09
AB00399298_08
6t0 ,
SR-01000611320-3
SR-01000611320-2
sr-01000611320
imiquimod, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3715N19
BCP05151
Q423417
imiquimod - cas 99011-02-6
imiquimod,(s)
BRD-K26657438-001-01-2
HMS3747A13
imiquimod 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
YH44175
(hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose phthalate
EN300-6477856
BI164576
imiquimod- bio-x
nsc-811538
nsc811538
4-amino-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1h-imidazo(4,5-c)quinoline
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1h-imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-4-amine
d06bb10
imiquimod (mart.)
imiquimod (usp monograph)
imiquimod (usp-rs)
Z2588038940

Research Excerpts

Overview

Imiquimod is a safe, effective, and well accepted alternative to surgery for women with vHSIL and can be considered as first-line treatment. ImiquIMod topical cream is a promising therapy but experience with it is limited to small series or case reports.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imiquimod appears to be a versatile option for treating LM in suitable candidates."( Series of Fourteen Cases of Topical Imiquimod 5% in Lentigo Maligna: Treatment Modalities and Clues for Detecting Recurrences.
Álvarez-Chinchilla, P; Bañuls-Roca, J; Hispán-Ocete, P; Poveda-Montoyo, I; Schneller-Pavelescu, L, 2022)		1.72
"Imiquimod is a safe, effective, and well accepted alternative to surgery for women with vHSIL and can be considered as first-line treatment."( Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Boandl, A; Bogner, G; Ciresa-König, A; Holter, M; Jan, Z; Joura, EA; Kalteis, MS; Regauer, S; Reich, O; Schauer, C; Tamussino, K; Trutnovsky, G; Widschwendter, A, 2022)		2.6
"Imiquimod appears to be a versatile option for treating LM in suitable candidates."( Series of Fourteen Cases of Topical Imiquimod 5% in Lentigo Maligna: Treatment Modalities and Clues for Detecting Recurrences.
Álvarez-Chinchilla, P; Bañuls-Roca, J; Hispán-Ocete, P; Poveda-Montoyo, I; Schneller-Pavelescu, L, 2022)		1.72
"Imiquimod topical cream is a promising therapy; however, experience with it is limited to small series or case reports."( Vulvar Paget's disease: outcomes of 51 patients treated with imiquimod cream.
Benedetto, C; Bertero, L; Borella, F; Gallio, N; Micheletti, L; Pérez-López, FR; Preti, M; Vieira-Baptista, P, 2022)		1.68
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator that acts as an inducer of interferon (IFN)-a expression through Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 signaling with indications for the treatment of non-hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis of the face or scalp, superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and external genital and perianal warts. "( Imiquimod-induced hypertrophic lupus erythematosus-like reaction.
Hassan, S; Patel, V; Safadi, MG; Viglione, M; Zahner, SL, 2022)		3.61
"Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator which is often used in the management of several premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders."( Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer.
Alonso-Martinez de Salinas, L; Azcarraga-Llobet, C; Bea-Ardebol, S; Berna-Rico, E; de Nicolas-Ruanes, B; Garcia-Mouronte, E, 2023)		3.07
"Imiquimod (IMQ) is an immunostimulating agent used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. "( Nanoformulations for dermal delivery of imiquimod: The race of "soft" against "hard".
Balouch, M; Chvíla, S; Petrová, E; Štěpánek, F; Zbytovská, J, 2023)		2.62
"Imiquimod is a topical agent that acts as a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist, stimulating the innate and adaptive immune system to exert antitumor and antiviral effects."( Recent advances in treating female genital human papillomavirus related neoplasms with topical imiquimod.
Benedetto, C; Bertero, L; Borella, F; Cassoni, P; Gallio, N; Mangherini, L; Preti, M, 2023)		1.85
"Imiquimod (IMQ) is a synthetic ligand of toll-like receptor 7 that exerts antitumor activity by stimulating cell-mediated immunity or by directly inducing apoptosis."( Imiquimod Exerts Antitumor Effects by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Is Enhanced by the Glycolytic Inhibitor 2-Deoxyglucose.
Chang, SH; Chen, YJ; Chuang, KC; Huang, SW; Kao, JK; Kao, SH; Liang, SM; Shieh, JJ; Wang, HY; Wang, ST; Wu, CY, 2020)		2.72
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier and constitutes a noninvasive alternative for the treatment of anogenital condylomata acuminata."( Successful topical treatment of anal giant condylomata acuminata in an infant.
Carnevale, C; D'Argenio, P; Diociaiuti, A; El Hachem, M; Giancristoforo, S; Lucchetti, MC; Rotunno, R; Tchidjou, HK, 2020)		1.28
"Imiquimod is an immune-stimulator that activates TLR 7 and can be used to enhance the innate and adaptive immunity."( Imiquimod - A toll like receptor 7 agonist - Is an ideal option for management of COVID 19.
Alexandris, N; Angelopoulou, A; Farsalinos, K; Konstantinou, E; Mesiakaris, K; Poulas, K; Zanidis, C, 2020)		2.72
"Imiquimod is a toll-like receptor agonist with proven antitumor activity as a topical treatment for skin cancer. "( A phase 2 study of TMX-101, intravesical imiquimod, for the treatment of carcinoma in situ bladder cancer.
Belkoff, LH; Belldegrun, AS; Chamie, K; Donin, NM; Hakim, G; Holden, S; Holldack, J; Karsh, LI; Kivlin, D; Lamm, DL; Lenis, AT; Pantuck, AJ; Pozzi, R; Reddy, M; Shore, N, 2017)		2.16
"Imiquimod is a topical agent whose efficacy has been documented in treating MF patches and plaques as well as one case of tumor-stage disease."( Complete resolution of mycosis fungoides tumors with imiquimod 5% cream: a case series.
Byekova, YA; Duvic, M; Emge, DA; Lewis, DJ, 2017)		1.43
"Imiquimod is a topically applicable Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonist, which is capable of stimulating the innate cutaneous immunity and the cellular arm of the adaptive immune response and of exerting potent anti-viral, anti-tumor and immunoregulatory effects (1)."( Topical Imiquimod is an Effective and Safe Drug for Molluscum Contagiosum in Children.
Badavanis, G; Georgiou, S; Monastirli, A; Pasmatzi, E; Tsambaos, D, 2017)		1.61
"Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist that regulates immunity and can be used as an immune adjuvant. "( Therapeutic effect of imiquimod on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.
Chen, L; Chen, N; Xiang, H; Yang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2017)		2.21
"Imiquimod is an excellent option for patients with actinic keratosis, although its use may be limited by the long course of treatment required (4 weeks) and the likelihood of local skin reactions. "( A 12-Day Course of Imiquimod 5% for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: Effectiveness and Local Reactions.
Calomarde, L; Guillén, C; Llombart, B; Nagore, E; Requena, C; Sanmartín, O; Serra-Guillén, C, 2018)		2.25
"Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline, approved for some skin pathologies other than hemangioma."( Selective hemangioma cell dysfunction and apoptosis triggered by in vitro treatment with imiquimod.
Alegre, N; Gazzaniga, S; Pozner, R; Rocco, R; Wainstok, R, 2018)		1.42
"Imiquimod application is an established mouse model of psoriasis-like skin inflammation."( Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions Do Not Accelerate Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice.
Cardoso, RM; Hansen, PR; Madsen, M; Nielsen, LB; Pedersen, TX; van Eck, M, 2018)		2.64
"Imiquimod was found to be a direct but weak TRPA1 agonist that activated a subset of TRPA1 expressing neurons."( A zebrafish and mouse model for selective pruritus via direct activation of TRPA1.
Condon, L; Curtright, A; Dhaka, A; Esancy, K; Feng, J; Kimball, C, 2018)		1.2
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulating medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of condyloma acuminata, actinic keratoses (AKs), and superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). "( Imiquimod-induced hypopigmentation following treatment of periungual verruca vulgaris.
Edgar, N; Hogan, DJ; Pilkington, S, 2018)		3.37
"Imiquimod is a toll-like receptor that modifies the immune response via the up-regulation of cytokines and has the capacity to improve a person's immune response."( A Review on Imiquimod Therapy and Discussion on Optimal Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas.
Arora, H; Darwin, E; Kamath, P; Nouri, K, 2018)		1.58
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulatory agent, which has received approval in the topical treatment of superficial BCCs."( Successful treatment of multifocal pigmented basal cell carcinomas with the application of topical 5% imiquimod cream.
Balasis, S; Georgiou, S; Koumoundourou, D; Mallioris, AF; Plachouri, KM, 2018)		1.42
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulatory drug with a tested efficacy against L."( EAPB0503: An Imiquimod analog with potent in vitro activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica.
Bastien, P; Bonnet, PA; Bou Youness, H; El Hajj, H; El Hajj, R; Khalifeh, I; Lachaud, L; Masquefa, C, 2018)		1.57
"Imiquimod 3.75% is a field-directed treatment for actinic keratosis that can detect and treat clinical and subclinical lesions across an entire sun-exposed field. "( Imiquimod 3.75% for field-directed therapy of actinic keratosis: results of a prospective case-series study in Greece.
Antoniou, C; Befon, A; Chasapi, V; Panagiotopoulos, A; Stratigos, AJ; Tzanetakou, V, 2019)		3.4
"Imiquimod (IMQ) is a selective toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. "( The TLR7 agonist imiquimod selectively inhibits IL-4-induced IgE production by suppressing IgG1/IgE class switching and germline ε transcription through the induction of BCL6 expression in B cells.
Kim, PH; Park, SR; Shim, YS; Yoon, HK, 2019)		2.3
"Imiquimod (Imiq) is a synthetic imizoquinoline compound which can act on Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and transduce signals involved in cell activation. "( Imiquimod enhances DNFB mediated contact hypersensitivity in mice.
Dong, X; Liu, M; Qin, X; Ren, S; Song, Y; Wang, Q; Zhang, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, C, 2019)		3.4
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulatory agent with antiviral, antitumoural, and antiangiogenic properties that is expedient against Kaposi sarcoma."( Imiquimod 5% Cream Versus Cryotherapy in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma.
Bayramgürler, D; Bilen, N; Çağlayan, Ç; Kıran, R; Odyakmaz Demirsoy, E; Şikar Aktürk, A, )		2.3
"Imiquimod is a topical toll-like receptor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for genital warts, actinic keratosis, and primary superficial basal cell carcinoma."( Complete Resolution of Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Topical Imiquimod
Aung, PP; Duvic, M; Kubicki, SL; Park, KE, 2019)		1.46
"Imiquimod is a topical toll-like-receptor-7 agonist currently used for treating basal cell carcinoma. "( Transcriptomic profiles conducive to immune-mediated tumor rejection in human breast cancer skin metastases treated with Imiquimod.
Adams, S; Bedognetti, D; Chiriboga, L; Darvishian, F; Demaria, S; Egeblad, M; Heguy, A; Hendrickx, W; Loomis, C; Marincola, FM; Ray, K; Rozenblit, M, 2019)		2.16
"Imiquimod (IQ) 5% cream is a synthetic imidazoquinolin heterocyclic amine that enhances, through cytokine induction, both the innate and acquired immune pathways, resulting in immunomodulating, antiviral and antitumor effects; it is currently used in adults in the treatment of various skin disorders."( Two pediatric cases of pyogenic granuloma treated with imiquimod 5% cream: combined clinical and dermatoscopic evaluation and review of the literature.
Anfuso, R; Lacarrubba, F; Li Calzi, M; Micali, G; Musumeci, ML, 2013)		1.36
"Imiquimod 5% is a suitable treatment for patients with EQ, and the treatment response can be evaluated using OCT."( Optical coherence tomography imaging of erythroplasia of Queyrat and treatment with imiquimod 5% cream: a case report.
Bierhoff, E; Dirschka, T; Schmitz, L, 2014)		1.35
"Imiquimod is an effective ligand for TLR7 (and TLR8 in humans) and also interferes with adenosine receptor signaling."( TLRs to cytokines: mechanistic insights from the imiquimod mouse model of psoriasis.
Flutter, B; Nestle, FO, 2013)		1.37
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an immune-response-modifying drug with antiviral and anti-tumour activity."( Lichen planopilaris after imiquimod 5% cream for multiple BCC in basal cell naevus syndrome.
Argenziano, G; Drummond, A; Lallas, A; Longo, C; Moscarella, E; Piana, S; Pichler, J; Zalaudek, I, 2015)		1.44
"Imiquimod is a good alternative to surgery in elderly patients who have unwillingness to surgery and are often poor candidates for surgery."( Treatment of various types of basal cell carcinoma with topical 5% imiquimod in the elderly who refused surgical intervention: a case series.
Erkan, F; Kaçar, SD; Karaca, Ş; Özuğuz, P, 2015)		1.37
"Imiquimod (IMQ) is a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR7/8) ligand that can trigger antiviral and antitumor activities. "( Imiquimod inhibits melanoma development by promoting pDC cytotoxic functions and impeding tumor vascularization.
Aspord, C; Charles, J; Leccia, MT; Leloup, C; Molens, JP; Plumas, J; Tramcourt, L, 2014)		3.29
"Imiquimod is a topically active immunomodulatory agent that has been shown to successfully treat pediatric anogenital warts."( Treatment of anogenital warts in an 18-month-old girl with 5% imiquimod cream.
Hiršl Hećej, V; Ljubojević Hadžavdić, S; Pustišek, N; Sikanić Dugić, N, 2014)		1.36
"Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist used topically to treat external genital warts and basal cell carcinoma. "( Toll-like receptor agonist imiquimod facilitates antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell accumulation in the genital tract leading to tumor control through IFNγ.
Chang, YN; Cheng, WF; He, L; Huh, W; Hung, CF; Knoff, J; Roden, RB; Song, L; Soong, RS; Trieu, J; Trimble, CL; Tsai, YC; Wu, TC, 2014)		2.14
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a potentially effective treatment modality for lesions that are difficult to treat with surgical excision."( Bowenoid papulosis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream.
Ishikawa, O; Kato, M; Shimizu, A, 2014)		1.38
"Imiquimod is an itch-promoting, small, synthetic compound that is generally used to treat genital warts and basal cell carcinoma. "( Imiquimod induces a Toll-like receptor 7-independent increase in intracellular calcium via IP(3) receptor activation.
Choi, SY; Hwang, H; Jung, SJ; Kim, D; Lee, SJ; Min, H; Yu, SW, 2014)		3.29
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that is approved as a topical cream for the treatment of anogenital warts by the US Food and Drug Administration."( Imiquimod in the treatment of cutaneous warts: an evidence-based review.
Ahn, CS; Huang, WW, 2014)		2.57
"Imiquimod (IMI) is a topical immune response modifier used in the treatment of actinic keratosis and cheilitis. "( A topical imiquimod-induced oral mucosal lichenoid reaction: a case report.
Brown, RS; Farquharson, AA, 2014)		2.25
"Imiquimod 3.75% is a novel field-directed therapy which uniquely can detect and clear both clinical and subclinical lesions across a large sun-exposed field such as the full face or balding scalp, and so far is the only AK treatment to have had its efficacy assessed with the Lmax concept."( Lmax and imiquimod 3.75%: the new standard in AK management.
Stockfleth, E, 2015)		1.56
"Imiquimod 3.75% is a field-directed AK treatment, which can detect and clear clinical and subclinical lesions across an entire sun-exposed field such as the full face or balding scalp."( Lmax and imiquimod 3.75% in daily clinical practice.
Gupta, G, 2015)		1.56
"Imiquimod cream appears to be a viable option for primary or adjuvant treatment of LM in older patients who are poor surgical candidates."( Imiquimod 5% cream as primary or adjuvant therapy for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type.
Chen, FW; Egbert, BM; Kim, DD; Swetter, SM, 2015)		3.3
"Imiquimod is a chemotherapeutic agent for many skin-associated diseases, but it has also been associated with inflammatory side effects. "( Probing the effects of fish oil on the delivery and inflammation-inducing potential of imiquimod.
Aluwi, MF; Mohd Amin, MC; Rehman, K; Rullah, K; Wai, LK; Zulfakar, MH, 2015)		2.08
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator used to treat genital warts and cutaneous malignancies that exerts its effects via induction of proinflammatory cytokines through activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. "( Imiquimod-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus-like changes.
Berger, TG; Farsani, TT; Maguiness, SM; Zedek, DC, 2015)		3.3
"Imiquimod is a synthetic imidazoquinolone amine, which has potent immune response modifier activity, when topically used. "( Imiquimod - Its role in the treatment of cutaneous malignancies.
Bubna, AK, )		3.02
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier (imidazoquinoline) with both antiviral and antitumour activities."( Imiquimod-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by ER stress-dependent Noxa induction and enhanced by NF-κB inhibition.
Abd Elmageed, ZY; Brodell, RT; El-Khattouti, A; Haikel, Y; Hannig, M; Hassan, M; Hassan, SY; Kandil, E; Leverkus, M; Megahed, M; Selimovic, D; Taylor, EB, 2016)		2.6
"Imiquimod is an effective long-term treatment for LM. "( Five-year recurrence rate of lentigo maligna after treatment with imiquimod.
Barlow, R; Coleman, A; Craythorne, EE; Kai, AC; Mallipeddi, R; Richards, T, 2016)		2.11
"Imiquimod 3.75% is an effective actinic keratosis (AK) treatment that detects and clears clinical and subclinical lesions across an entire sun-exposed field such as the full face or balding scalp."( Efficacy and Safety of Imiquimod 3.75% from Lmax in Actinic Keratosis According to Fitzpatrick Skin Type.
Alomar, A; Aractingi, S; Dakovic, R; Dirschka, T; Gupta, G; Peris, K; Stockfleth, E, 2016)		2.19
"Imiquimod is a synthetic analogue which seems to activate skin immune cells, acting as a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist."( Imiquimod treatment effectively reduces the percentage of viable cells in a cervical carcinoma cell line but does not affect the expression of HLA-G or OCT-4.
Loutradis, D; Patta, J; Pergialiotis, V; Stefanidi, D; Stefanidis, K, 2015)		2.58
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier commercially available as a 3.75 and 5% cream. "( Imiquimod in dermatology: an overview.
Abadi, R; Abbas, O; Hanna, E, 2016)		3.32
"Imiquimod is an immune response modulator which is used for the treatment of external condylomas and other HPV-related genital neoplasias."( Randomised trial on treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia-Imiquimod, laser vaporisation and expectant management.
Jakobsson, M; Kalliala, I; Louvanto, K; Nieminen, P; Paavonen, J; Riska, A; Tainio, K, 2016)		1.39
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier, but the thick stratum corneum of common warts prevents drug permeation through skin."( Fractional Laser-Assisted Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream Treatment for Recalcitrant Common Warts in Children: A Pilot Study.
Kim, BS; Kim, GW; Kim, HS; Kim, MB; Ko, HC; Mun, JH; Park, SM; Song, M, 2016)		1.43
"Imiquimod is a local immune-response modifier that works by stimulating innate and acquired immunity. "( [Eruptive epidermoid cysts during topical imiquimod treatment].
Al Saïf, F; Carmi, E; Dillies, AS; Fraitag-Spinner, S; Gras-Champel, V, 2017)		2.16
"Imiquimod is an option for patients unfit for or not willing to undergo surgery or radiotherapy."( A systematic review on the role of imiquimod in lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: need for standardization of treatment schedule and outcome measures.
Hoekzema, R; Jansma, EP; Prinsen, CAC; Tio, D; van der Woude, J; van Montfrans, C, 2017)		1.45
"Imiquimod is a topical immune-response modifier that acts on the immune system."( Topical imiquimod therapy for lentigo maligna.
Joseph, MG; Mahoney, MH; Temple, C, 2008)		1.5
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an immune response modifier approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) once daily, 5 x per week for 6 weeks. "( Recurrence rate of superficial basal cell carcinoma following treatment with imiquimod 5% cream: conclusion of a 5-year long-term follow-up study in Europe.
Barona, CG; Frank, RG; Gollnick, H; Maus, J; Megahed, M; Munzel, U; Ruzicka, T, )		1.8
"Imiquimod is a 240.3-Da synthetic imidazoquinolinamine (C14H16N4), developed in 1983 and approved in 1997 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts and, more recently, also for actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinomas. "( Peculiar clinical and dermoscopic remission pattern following imiquimod therapy of basal cell carcinoma in seborrhoeic areas of the face.
Campione, E; Chimenti, S; Diluvio, L; Orlandi, A; Paternò, EJ; Terrinoni, A, 2009)		2.04
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a local immune response modifier that has been used off-label to treat LM."( Videodermatoscopy of lentigo maligna treated with imiquimod.
Lacarrubba, F; Micali, G; Nardone, B; Nasca, MR, 2008)		1.32
"Imiquimod is a topically used immune response modifier effective in the treatment of genital warts caused by HPV. "( Imiquimod inhibits the differentiation but enhances the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Cen, JP; Chen, XZ; Cheng, H; Lou, JX; Wang, Q; Xu, Y; Zhang, X; Zhu, KJ, 2009)		3.24
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator which can generate a local cytotoxic response with potentially antiviral and antitumour effects."( Imiquimod and lentigo maligna: a search for prognostic features in a clinicopathological study with long-term follow-up.
Barlow, RJ; Powell, AM; Robson, AM; Russell-Jones, R, 2009)		2.52
"Imiquimod is a highly interesting therapeutic modality in the elderly, in whom surgery is often contraindicated."( [Alternative to surgery in basal cell carcinoma in the elderly population: imiquimod 5% cream].
Arias Santiago, SA; Burkhardt Pérez, P; Naranjo Sintes, R; Ruiz Villaverde, R, )		1.08
"Imiquimod is a topically applied immune-response modifier."( Failure of imiquimod 5% cream to prevent recurrence of surgically excised trunk keloids.
Cação, FM; Messina, MC; Tanaka, V, 2009)		1.46
"Imiquimod is an immunomodifier recently approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCC). "( Pemphigus-like lesions induced by imiquimod.
Bauza, A; Del Pozo, LJ; Martin, A; Saus, C, 2009)		2.07
"Imiquimod cream 5% is an immune modifier approved for the treatment of genital warts, actinic keratosis, and basal cell carcinoma. "( A case of imiquimod-induced alopecia.
Balmer, N; Conde, J; Davis, K; Jones, D; McMichael, A; Ntuen, E, 2010)		2.21
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist that induces the immunological destruction of SCC and other skin cancers."( Imiquimod enhances IFN-gamma production and effector function of T cells infiltrating human squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.
Calarese, AW; Clark, RA; Hijnen, D; Huang, SJ; Kupper, TS; Miller, DM; Mollet, IG; Murphy, GF; Schanbacher, CF; Schmults, CD, 2009)		2.52
"Imiquimod is a safe, cost-effective, and clinically effective management option in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma."( Pyogenic granuloma in ten children treated with topical imiquimod.
Fischer, G; Smith, S; Tritton, SM; Wong, LC; Zagarella, S, )		1.1
"Imiquimod 3.75% cream is a topical formulation of imiquimod intended for daily application to treat actinic keratoses of the entire face or balding scalp. "( Pharmacokinetics of imiquimod 3.75% cream applied daily for 3 weeks to actinic keratoses on the face and/or balding scalp.
Adams, M; Fein, MC; Furst, J; Kulp, J; Levy, S; Meng, TC, 2010)		2.13
"Imiquimod appears to be an effective treatment for a subset of patients with LM. "( Treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod cream: a long-term follow-up study of 10 patients.
Kirtschig, G; Van Doorn, R; Van Meurs, T, 2010)		2.08
"Imiquimod cream is an effective and safe therapeutic agent for both primary and recurring vulvar Paget disease."( Treatment of recurrent vulvar Paget disease with imiquimod cream: a case report and review of the literature.
Güngor, T; Ozat, M; Sahin, I; Sirvan, L; Tonguc, E; Var, T, 2011)		2.07
"imiquimod 3.75% is an interesting, safe and well-tolerated treatment option for actinic keratoses of the face or balding scalp especially in respect of compliance, as it is indicated for daily use for a shorter time period (2 times, 2-week cycles) and approved for use on larger areas compared with imiquimod 5%. "( Imiquimod 3.75% cream (Zyclara) for the treatment of actinic keratoses.
Gollnick, HP; Quist, SR, 2011)		3.25
"Imiquimod (IQ) is an agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) used to treat various infectious skin diseases such as genital warts, keratosis, and basal cell carcinoma."( Analysis of cellular and behavioral responses to imiquimod reveals a unique itch pathway in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing neurons.
Han, SK; Kim, D; Kim, SJ; Lee, CJ; Lee, J; Lee, SJ; Min, H; Park, GH; Simon, MI; Wall, E, 2011)		1.34
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulator of the imidazoquinoline group which possesses antiviral and antitumour activities. "( Acute renal failure caused by imiquimod 5% cream in a renal transplant patient: review of the literature on side effects of imiquimod.
Coto-Segura, P; Esteve, A; Galache Osuna, C; Gómez, E; Mas-Vidal, A; Salgueiro, E; Santos-Juanes, J, 2011)		2.1
"Imiquimod is a topically applied immune modulator that has been used to treat superficial cutaneous melanoma, but has not been reported to treat metastatic melanoma."( Regression of internal melanoma metastases following application of topical imiquimod to overlying skin.
Aires, D; Dusing, R; Meggison, A; Miller, AK, 2011)		1.32
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier prescribed as a topical medication for a number of viral and neoplastic conditions. "( Evaluation of imiquimod for topical treatment of vaccinia virus cutaneous infections in immunosuppressed hairless mice.
Anderson, BJ; Bailey, KW; Larson, D; Smee, DF; Tarbet, EB; Wong, MH, 2011)		2.17
"Imiquimod (Aldara) is a topical immune response modifier effective against a variety of cutaneous tumors. "( Lupus erythematosus-like reaction in imiquimod-treated skin: a report of 2 cases.
Chan, MP; Zimarowski, MJ, 2011)		2.08
"Imiquimod cream is a topical immune response modifier, which has shown antiviral and anti-tumorous properties by inducing the production of cytokines as well as by stimulating dendritic cells and lymphocytes."( Imiquimod and lymphatic field clearance: a new hypothesis based on a remote immune action on skin cancer.
Akkilic-Materna, M; Komericki, P; Massone, C, 2011)		2.53
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulator whose approved indications include treatment of nonfacial superficial BCC less than 2 cm in diameter."( [Oral acitretin and topical imiquimod as neoadjuvant treatment for giant basal cell carcinoma].
Aguayo, R; Baradad, M; Casanova, JM; Sanmartín, V, 2012)		1.39
"Imiquimod is a TLR7/8 agonist that has anticancer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of precancerous skin lesions and certain nonmelanoma skin cancers. "( Imiquimod-induced TLR7 signaling enhances repair of DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light in bone marrow-derived cells.
Fishelevich, R; Gaspari, AA; Lee, J; Liu, H; Meng, TC; Nakazono, A; Tammaro, A; Tuchinda, P; Zhao, Y, 2011)		3.25
"Imiquimod is a topical biological response modifier that has been shown to be useful in the treatment of several viral and nonviral skin tumours in humans and animals. "( Topical imiquimod in the treatment of two cutaneous melanocytomas in a dog.
Coyner, K; Loeffler, D, 2012)		2.26
"Imiquimod (IQ) is a synthetic imidazoquinoline amine that locally enhances, through cytokine induction, both innate and acquired immune pathways, resulting in immunomodulating, antiviral and antitumor effects."( Successful treatment and management of large superficial basal cell carcinomas with topical imiquimod 5% cream: a case series and review.
Gurgone, S; Lacarrubba, F; Micali, G; Potenza, MC, 2011)		1.31
"Imiquimod is a synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist approved for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and genital warts. "( Immunomodulation by imiquimod in patients with high-risk primary melanoma.
Bentow, JJ; Bruhn, KW; Chang, PL; Comin-Anduix, B; Craft, N; Dauphine, C; Economou, JS; Greger, S; Haskell, J; Konishi, T; Lee, DK; Moy, L; Narayan, R; Nguyen, H; Ribas, A; Tsui, S; Vanchinathan, V; Vargas, HI, 2012)		2.15
"Imiquimod is a topical medication that enhances the immune response to HPV-induced genital warts."( Randomized clinical trial of imiquimod: an adjunct to treating cervical dysplasia.
Barton, DL; Clayton, AC; Gostout, BS; Jefferies, JA; Loprinzi, CL; McGovern, RM; Novotny, PJ; Pachman, DR; Sloan, JA, 2012)		1.39
"Imiquimod is an effective therapeutic agent for the conservative treatment of vulvar Paget disease."( Conservative management of extramammary paget disease with imiquimod.
Badiglian-Filho, L; Baiocchi, G; Begnami, MD; Costa, FD; Faloppa, CC; Fukazawa, EM; Kumagai, LY; Oliveira, RA; Soares, FA; Surima, WS, 2012)		2.06
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that stimulates the patient's own immune system to release various chemical substances, such as interferon and interleukin-12. "( Imiquimod 5% cream use in dermatology, side effects and recent patents.
Calvieri, S; Cantisani, C; Clerico, R; Lazic, T; Mattozzi, C; Richetta, AG, 2012)		3.26
"Imiquimod 3.75% cream is a new formulation intended for daily self-application. "( Pharmacokinetics of daily self-application of imiquimod 3.75% cream in adult patients with external anogenital warts.
Adams, MP; Barry, GT; Feldman, R; Kulp, J; Levy, S; Wu, J, 2012)		2.08
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an immunomodulator with antiangiogenic effects."( Enhanced port-wine stain lightening achieved with combined treatment of selective photothermolysis and imiquimod.
Armstrong, J; Choi, B; Elkeeb, L; Harris, R; Huang, YC; Kelly, KM; Ortiz, A; Tremaine, AM, 2012)		1.32
"Imiquimod is a TLR agonist that is used as an antitumor agent, mainly against skin tumors. "( Plasmacytoid dendritic cells lead the charge against tumors.
Bhardwaj, N; Jiménez-Baranda, S; Silva, IP, 2012)		1.82
"Imiquimod is a synthetic compound with antitumor properties; a 5% cream formulation is successfully used to treat skin tumors. "( Imiquimod clears tumors in mice independent of adaptive immunity by converting pDCs into tumor-killing effector cells.
Amberg, N; Colonna, M; Drobits, B; Grundtner, R; Hammer, M; Holcmann, M; Sibilia, M; Swiecki, M, 2012)		3.26
"Imiquimod cream is a simple and convenient home-nursing medication."( [Clinical application of imiquimod for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas].
Chen, D; Chen, H; Chen, XD; Hu, XJ; Jiang, CH; Jin, YB; Li, W; Lin, XX; Ma, G; Ye, XX, 2011)		1.39
"Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator without relevant systemic absorption, and may thus represent a promising treatment for cutaneous KS in RTRs."( Topical treatment of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma with imiquimod 5% in renal-transplant recipients: a clinicopathological observation.
Dummer, R; French, LE; Hofbauer, GF; Kempf, W; Prinz Vavricka, BM, 2012)		1.35
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a topical immune-response modifier indicated in the treatment of multiple cutaneous conditions including actinic keratoses, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and condylomata acuminata. "( Psoriasiform eruption and oral ulcerations as adverse effects of topical 5% imiquimod treatment in children: a report of four cases.
Holland, KE; Lyon, VB; Siegel, D; Smith, WA, )		1.8
"Imiquimod is an effective treatment for LM that provides patients with a cosmetically favorable outcome when standard surgery is not an option."( Topical 5% imiquimod in the treatment of lentigo maligna.
Demers, AA; Musto, G; Toole, JW; Wiseman, MC; Wong, JG, )		1.96
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an effective treatment option for children with extensive and rapidly progressive perianal warts and is associated with minimal side effects. "( Imiquimod 5% cream treatment for rapidly progressive genital condyloma in a 3-year-old girl.
Black, A; Fleming, N; Leclair, E, 2012)		3.26
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier used to treat anogenital warts. "( Local and systemic adverse effects of imiquimod therapy for external anogenital warts in men: report of three cases.
de Campos Guidi, HG; Rosenblatt, A, 2012)		2.09
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier which is effective through toll-like receptor 7, and it has fewer recurrences of actinic keratoses than the existing treatment."( [Field cancerization and field therapy - the therapy of actinic keratosis by imiquimod].
Idezuki, T, 2013)		1.34
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an effective therapeutic option for both sBCC and nBCC in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome. "( Topical imiquimod treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinomas in patients affected by basal cell nevus syndrome: a preliminary report.
Caltabiano, R; De Pasquale, R; Impallomeni, R; Lacarrubba, F; Micali, G, 2002)		2.19
"Imiquimod is a recently developed imidazoquinolin heterocyclic amine that is an immune response modifier."( Successful treatment of perianal warts in a child with 5% imiquimod cream.
Gruber, PC; Wilkinson, J, 2001)		1.28
"Imiquimod is an immunomodulator with indirect antiproliferative and antiviral properties known to be effective against anogenital warts. "( Anecdotal reports of 3 cases illustrating a spectrum of resistant common warts treated with cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod and salicylic acid.
Housman, TS; Jorizzo, JL, 2002)		1.96
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier, currently approved for the treatment of genital warts. "( Clinical effect of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis.
Cervera, C; Lamba, S; Lebwohl, MG; Lou, W; Persaud, AN; Shamuelova, E; Sherer, D; Singer, G, 2002)		2.09
"Imiquimod (Aldara) is an immune response modifier used primarily to treat anogenital warts. "( Imiquimod: a review.
Bluhm, R; Browne, M; Gupta, AK, )		3.02
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that has demonstrated a good efficacy and relatively low recurrence rates in comparison to other genital wart treatment modalities. "( Effect of adjuvant imiquimod 5% cream on sustained clearance of anogenital warts following laser treatment.
Eul, A; Hagedorn, M; Hopfenmüller, W; Hoyme, UB; Schindler, AE; Schneede, P; Schorn, K, 2002)		2.09
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts and provides a significant benefit in comparison with vehicle cream, independent of gender, initial wart size, duration of current outbreak of warts, previous wart treatment, or tobacco use."( Topical imiquimod 5% cream as an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts in different patient populations.
Fox, TL; Owens, ML; Sauder, DN; Skinner, RB, 2003)		2.2
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that binds to Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 and induces alpha-interferon. "( Imiquimod induces complete clearance of a PUVA-resistant plaque in mycosis fungoides.
Burg, G; Dummer, R; Kazakov, D; Kempf, W; Urosevic, M, 2003)		3.2
"Imiquimod cream is a topical immune response modifier with indirect antiviral and antitumor effects through the stimulation of local cytokine production and cell-mediated immune response."( Bowenoid papulosis of the vulva-immunotherapeutical approach with topical imiquimod.
Dorn, C; Kupka, M; Petrow, W; Richter, ON; Ulrich, U; Wardelmann, E, 2003)		1.27
"Imiquimod cream is a topically applied immunomodulator."( Medical treatment of nasal squamous papilloma with imiquimod cream.
Aebi, S; Caversaccio, M, 2003)		1.29
"Imiquimod is a local immune response modifier that has demonstrated potent antiviral and antitumor activity. "( Mechanisms underlying imiquimod-induced regression of basal cell carcinoma in vivo.
Benninghoff, B; Burg, G; Dummer, R; Maier, T; Slade, H; Urosevic, M, 2003)		2.08
"Imiquimod is a member of a novel class of immune response modifiers (IRM), which works by using the toll-like receptor (TLR)-7."( The use of Toll-like receptor-7 agonist in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: an overview.
Garcia-Bartels, C; Schmook, T; Sterry, W; Stockfleth, E; Trefzer, U; Wegner, T, 2003)		1.04
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that binds to Toll-like receptor-7 and -8, inducing interferon-alpha. "( Imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma: how does it work?
Burg, G; Dummer, R; Hafner, J; Hoek, K; Kempf, W; Urosevic, M, 2003)		3.2
"Imiquimod is a new immunomodulating drug that is registered for genital HPV infection but has also shown good efficacy in several cutaneous malignancies."( Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma treated with topical imiquimod 5%.
Oster-Schmidt, C, 2004)		1.29
"Imiquimod is an immune-response modifier that has the potential to be useful in many dermatological indications (Table 1). "( Imiquimod as a possible treatment for keratoacanthoma.
Bhatia, N, )		3.02
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that is a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist that induces interferon and other cytokines through the innate immune system and stimulates cell-mediated immunity through T cells. "( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies.
Caro, I; Geisse, J; Golitz, L; Lindholm, J; Owens, M; Stampone, P, 2004)		3.21
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a patient-applied therapy that directly enhances the immune response to HPV and is safe and effective for the treatment of GW."( Using imiquimod for genital warts in female patients.
Cox, JT; Petry, KU; Roy, M; Rylander, E, 2004)		1.53
"Imiquimod cream is an immune response modifier and induces a predominantly T-helper 1 type response."( A pilot study of treatment of lentigo maligna with 5% imiquimod cream.
Bryden, AM; Dawe, RS; Evans, A; Fleming, CJ; Ibbotson, SH, 2004)		1.29
"Imiquimod is an immune-response modifier that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). "( Open study of the efficacy and mechanism of action of topical imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma.
Alomar, A; Matías-Guiu, X; Vidal, D, 2004)		2.01
"Imiquimod is a novel synthetic compound that is a member of the imidazoquinolone family of drugs. "( Imiquimod 5 percent cream and the treatment of cutaneous malignancy.
Huntley, A; Navi, D, 2004)		3.21
"Imiquimod is a modifier of the immune response that has been proven to be an effective treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). "( Efficacy of imiquimod for the expression of Bcl-2, Ki67, p53 and basal cell carcinoma apoptosis.
Alomar, A; Matías-Guiu, X; Vidal, D, 2004)		2.15
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a topically applied medicament that should be considered as an effective and reliable medical option in the treatment of anogenital warts."( Topical imiquimod 5% cream in external anogenital warts: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Arican, O; Bilgic, K; Guneri, F; Karaoglu, A, 2004)		1.48
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that up-regulates cytokines and has been shown in clinical studies to reduce or clear basal cell carcinoma tumors when applied topically."( 5% imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
Berkes, B; González, S; Marra, D; Morgan, B; Niemeyer, A; Owens, M; Schanbacher, C; Torres, A, 2004)		2.39
"Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator. "( Imiquimod for the treatment of skin cancer.
Brown, MD; Burns, CA, 2005)		3.21
"Imiquimod is a potent inducer of antiviral cytokine activity which has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of genital warts."( Imiquimod cream 5% for recalcitrant cutaneous warts in immunosuppressed individuals.
Brown, VL; Harwood, CA; Leigh, IM; McGregor, JM; Perrett, CM; Proby, CM, 2005)		2.49
"Imiquimod (Aldara) is an immune response modifier approved for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts which can mediate regression of several cutaneous malignancies [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, and metastasis of malignant melanoma]. "( Enhanced type I interferon signaling and recruitment of chemokine receptor CXCR3-expressing lymphocytes into the skin following treatment with the TLR7-agonist imiquimod.
Bieber, T; Haller, O; Tueting, T; Uerlich, M; Wenzel, J, 2005)		1.97
"Thus imiquimod appears to be an original antiviral compound, because it does not act directly on the virus itself."( [Mechanisms of imiquimod indirect antiviral activity].
Ajram, L; Chehadeh, W; Dewilde, A; Goffard, A; Hober, D; Lazrek, M; Wattré, P, )		0.94
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier shown to be effective in basal cell carcinoma (BCC)."( Imiquimod treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: 12-week open-label trial.
Campione, E; Chimenti, S; Fargnoli, MC; Marulli, GC; Micantonio, T; Peris, K, 2005)		3.21
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator that is indicated for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts. "( Viral and nonviral uses of imiquimod: a review.
Cherman, AM; Gupta, AK; Tyring, SK, )		1.87
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that acts through toll-like receptor 7 to induce cytokine production and a subsequent innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune response. "( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe.
Cribier, B; Ferrándiz, C; Garcia Diez, A; McRae, S; Reifenberger, J; Requena, L; Schulze, HJ; Tebbs, V, 2005)		3.21
"Imiquimod is a new and novel treatment option for cutaneous malignancies. "( Eruptive epidermoid cysts resulting from treatment with imiquimod.
Marty, CL; Randle, HW; Walsh, JS, 2005)		2.02
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that acts through Toll-like receptor 7 to induce innate and cell-mediated immune responses. "( Recurrence rate of superficial basal cell carcinoma following successful treatment with imiquimod 5% cream: interim 2-year results from an ongoing 5-year follow-up study in Europe.
Barona, CG; Frank, RG; Gollnick, H; Megahed, M; Owens, M; Ruzicka, T; Stampone, P; Tebbs, V, )		1.8
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that has proved efficacious in the treatment of the superficial variant of basal cell carcinoma. "( A preliminary study of imiquimod treatment in variants of basal cell carcinoma.
Germolic, D; Hamann, MS; Kotwall, C; McCutcheon, B; Rebolloso, Y; Stiles, A; White, K, 2005)		2.08
"Imiquimod is an immune system-modifying drug that switches the immune system to a Th1 response, enabling it to defeat virus-infected and neoplastic cells. "( [Imiquimod treatment of lentigo maligna to dermoscopic and histologic clearance].
Lorentzen, HF; Weismann, K, 2005)		2.68
"Imiquimod is an imidazoquinolone immune response modifier that has been shown to have indirect antiviral and antitumor effects with few adverse effects."( [Treatment of Bowen's disease of the penis with imiquimod 5% cream].
de Diego Rodríguez, E; Gómez Ortega, JM; Hernández Castrillo, A; Villanueva Peña, A, 2005)		1.31
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a topically applied immune response modifier that has been shown to give effective treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). "( Imiquimod-induced regression of actinic keratosis is associated with infiltration by T lymphocytes and dendritic cells: a randomized controlled trial.
Barnetson, RS; Halliday, GM; Lee, JH; McKane, S; Ooi, T; Slade, HB; Zhuang, L, 2006)		3.22
"Imiquimod appears to be a therapeutic alternative for perianal Bowen's disease, which seems to have a particular tendency to recur in this location where surgery may also be complicated."( [Perianal Bowen's disease treated with imiquimod].
Alfaro-Rubio, A; Botella, R; Guillén, C; Hueso, L; Llombart, B; Nagore, E; Requena, C; Sanmartín, O; Serra, C, 2005)		1.32
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator that stimulates both acquired and innate immunity."( [Lentigo maligna treated with 5% imiquimod cream].
Martín, T; Martínez, S; Ojeda, A; Vera, A, 2005)		1.33
"Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator with antiviral and antineoplastic action."( [Topical treatment of melanoma skin metastases with imiquimod].
Casado, M; González-Beato, M; Mayor, M; Miralles, L; Pizarro, A; Sigüenza, M; Vidaurrázaga, C, 2005)		1.3
"Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline, which class of compounds are known to have antiviral and antitumoural properties. "( Treatment of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by imiquimod modulating transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3.
Bian, T; De, W; Hu, JJ; Jin, SX; Ma, XQ; Yin, KS; Zhang, XL; Zhou, JY, 2006)		2.01
"Imiquimod is a synthetic imidazoquinoline heterocyclic amine of 240.3 Da (C14H16N4). "( Topical imiquimod: mechanism of action and clinical applications.
Vidal, D, 2006)		2.21
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier with potent antiviral and antitumour activity. "( Efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of equine sarcoids: a pilot study.
Diaz, SF; Gilbert, S; Jessen, C; Malone, ED; Nogueira, SA; Torres, SM, 2006)		2.16
"Imiquimod (IQ) is a member of immune response modifiers."( Topical treatment of molluscum contagiosum with imiquimod 5% cream in Turkish children.
Arican, O, 2006)		1.31
"Imiquimod is an immune response-modifying agent with potent antiviral and antitumor activity effective in the treatment of various skin disorders, including in situ carcinoma of the skin (Bowen's disease). "( Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream.
De Pasquale, R; Micali, G; Nasca, MR, 2006)		2.05
"Imiquimod appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for AIN in HIV-positive MSM. "( Imiquimod treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive men.
Altmeyer, P; Brockmeyer, NH; Hochdorfer, B; Kreuter, A; Pfister, H; Stücker, M; Swoboda, J; Weissenborn, SJ; Wieland, U, 2006)		3.22
"Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist capable of inducing complete clearance of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and other cutaneous malignancies. "( Sequential gene profiling of basal cell carcinomas treated with imiquimod in a placebo-controlled study defines the requirements for tissue rejection.
Abati, A; Aricó, E; Astry, C; Fetsch, P; Filie, A; Marincola, FM; Norwood, C; Panelli, MC; Selleri, S; Slade, HB; Smith, K; Stashower, ME; Walters, SA; Wang, E; Zhao, Y, 2007)		2.02
"Imiquimod appears to be a useful adjuvant to experimental laser tattoo removal in guinea pigs."( Topical imiquimod as an adjuvant to laser removal of mature tattoos in an animal model.
Colome-Grimmer, M; Diven, D; Magee, N; Motamedi, M; Oliveira, G; Ramirez, M; Uchida, T; Wagner, RF; Zamora, JG, 2007)		2.22
"5% Imiquimod cream is a topical immune response modifier that has been used off-label to treat malignant melanocytic proliferations such as lentigo maligna. "( Treatment of atypical nevi with imiquimod 5% cream.
Crawford, RI; Dutz, JP; Martinka, M; Rivers, JK; Somani, N, 2007)		1.24
"Imiquimod is a small molecule with adjuvant pro-inflammatory effects that can be topically delivered as a cream."( Imiquimod enhances the systemic immunity attained by local cryosurgery destruction of melanoma lesions.
Bendandi, M; del Olmo, J; Inoges, S; López-Diaz de Cerio, A; Marquina, M; Melero, I; Redondo, P, 2007)		2.5
"Imiquimod cream 5% is an immunomodulatory agent that previously has been reported to successfully eradicate LM."( Lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ) treated with imiquimod cream 5%: 12 case reports.
Beltrani, V; Brennick, JB; Chapman, MS; Perry, AE; Spenny, ML; Storm, CA; Walford, J; Werchniak, AE, 2007)		1.32
"Imiquimod cream 5% is a topical immune response modifier that targets the toll-like receptors 7 and 8 and up-regulates inflammatory pathways targeting diseased tissue."( Topical imiquimod therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinomas: a clinical experience.
Carroll, MT; Tillman, DK, 2007)		1.5
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a promising, well-tolerated therapy for warts, AK and BP in transplant recipients."( 5% topical imiquimod tolerance in transplant recipients.
Ben M'barek, L; Euvrard, S; Frances, C; Lebbe, C; Legendre, C; Mebazaa, A; Menasché, S; Morel, P; Thervet, E, 2007)		2.17
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved by the FDA for the treatment of AK and superficial BCC lesions and its use is gradually expanded to various off-label precancerous and cancerous skin lesions."( Imiquimod: an immune response modifier in the treatment of precancerous skin lesions and skin cancer.
Falagas, ME; Papadavid, E; Stratigos, AJ, 2007)		2.5
"Imiquimod 5% cream is an effective option for the treatment of AK, but the safety of topical immune stimulation in immunocompromised patients has not been widely evaluated."( Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients.
Amerio, P; Bichel, J; Euvrard, S; Guidi, B; Proby, CM; Rønnevig, J; Slade, HB; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2007)		1.26
"Imiquimod appears to be a safe alternative for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses in patients with solid organ transplants. "( Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients.
Amerio, P; Bichel, J; Euvrard, S; Guidi, B; Proby, CM; Rønnevig, J; Slade, HB; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2007)		1.98
"Imiquimod appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment for LM but does not qualify as a replacement therapy for surgery."( Treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod before staged excision.
Bowen, GM; Cotter, MA; McKenna, JK, 2008)		2.07
"Imiquimod is an immune response modifier currently used as a topical treatment of genital warts, basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma, and vascular tumors. "( EAPB0203, a member of the imidazoquinoxaline family, inhibits growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in T-cell lymphomas and HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Bazarbachi, A; Bonnet, PA; Deleuze-Masquéfa, C; El-Hajj, H; El-Sabban, ME; Hermine, O; Kfoury, Y; Lepelletier, Y; Moarbess, G, 2008)		1.79
"Imiquimod is a TLR agonist, with immune response modifying properties that also stimulates antiangiogenic cytokines, downregulates the expression of proangiogenic factors, upregulates the expression of endogenous inhibitors, and induces endothelial cell apoptosis."( Antiangiogenesis in the treatment of skin cancer.
Li, VW; Li, WW, 2008)		1.07
"Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier and stimulator used in humans to treat a number of cutaneous neoplasms. "( Apparent clinical resolution of pinnal actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma in a cat using topical imiquimod 5% cream.
Miller, WH; Peters-Kennedy, J; Scott, DW, 2008)		2
"Imiquimod is a topically active imidazoquinoline immunomodulator agent. "( Imiquimod in mycosis fungoides.
Del Pozo, J; Fonseca, E; Martínez-González, MC; Mazaira, M; Verea-Hernando, MM; Yebra-Pimentel, MT, )		3.02
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a novel alternative topical treatment that may have a potential role in management of these patients."( Involution of infantile haemangiomas after imiquimod 5% cream.
Barry, RB; Cook, LJ; Hughes, BR, 2008)		1.33
"Imiquimod is a class of non-nucleoside imidazoquinolinamines which promotes local cytokine release from antigen-presenting cells inducing a T-h1 dominant cell-mediated response against virus-infected cells. "( Successful treatment of intranasal papillomata with imiquimod cream in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient.
Amat, M; Fernández-Casado, A; Gallardo, F; Pujol, RM, 2009)		2.05
"Imiquimod is an orally active interferon inducer with anti-tumour activity in experimental animals. "( A phase I clinical trial of imiquimod, an oral interferon inducer, administered daily.
Gore, ME; Horton, V; Moore, J; Owens, M; Savage, P; Witt, P, 1996)		2.03
"Imiquimod is a novel immune-response modifier capable of inducing a variety of cytokines, including interferon alfa, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as interleukins 1, 6, and 8."( Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod).
Beutner, KR; Douglas, JM; Fox, TL; Hougham, AJ; Owens, ML; Spruance, SL, 1998)		1.26
"Imiquimod is a new agent, an immune-response modifier, that has been demonstrated to have potent in vivo antiviral and antitumor effects in animal models."( Imiquimod, a patient-applied immune-response modifier for treatment of external genital warts.
Beutner, KR; Douglas, JM; Fox, TL; Hougham, AJ; Owens, ML; Schmitt, KA; Spruance, S; Trofatter, KF; Tyring, SK, 1998)		2.46
"Imiquimod is an oral inducer of interferon (IFN) and several other proinflammatory cytokines and has been successfully used topically as an antiviral agent for the treatment of genital warts. "( The immune response modifier imiquimod requires STAT-1 for induction of interferon, interferon-stimulated genes, and interleukin-6.
Bottrel, RL; Levy, DE; Reis, LF; Tomai, M; Yang, YL, 1999)		2.04
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a new compound which modifies the immune response by stimulating the production of interferon alpha and other cytokines. "( Imiqimod in clinical practice.
Trofatter, KF, )		1.57
"Imiquimod is a topically active immunomodulatory agent that is formulated as a 5% cream for application by the patient. "( Topical imiquimod: a review of its use in genital warts.
Lamb, HM; Perry, CM, 1999)		2.18
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a new therapeutic option for patients with genital warts. "( Topical imiquimod: a review of its use in genital warts.
Lamb, HM; Perry, CM, 1999)		2.18
"Imiquimod is a cytokine and interferon inducer."( Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream.
Beutner, KR; Fox, TL; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Helman, D; Owens, ML, 1999)		1.25
"Imiquimod is a unique topical therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts (condyloma acuminata) in adults. "( Topical imiquimod for recalcitrant facial flat warts.
Elston, DM; Schwab, RA, 2000)		2.18
"Imiquimod is a recently developed imidazoquinolin heterocyclic amine that is an immune response modifier. "( Treatment of facial verrucae with topical imiquimod cream in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus.
Cutler, K; Don, PC; Kagen, MH; McAleer, P; Weinberg, JM, )		1.84
"Imiquimod 5% cream is a novel topical immunomodulator that has been used successfully in the treatment of genital and common warts."( Treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts with imiquimod.
Parslew, RA; Yesudian, PD, 2002)		1.3
"Imiquimod (Aldara, 3M) is an immune response modifier used for the treatment of anogenital warts. "( Successful treatment of anogenital Bowen's disease with the immunomodulator imiquimod, and monitoring of therapy by DNA image cytometry.
Brodersen, JP; Gutzmer, R; Kapp, A; Kaspari, M; Kiehl, P; Vogelbruch, M; Werfel, T, 2002)		1.99
"Imiquimod is an oral IFN-alpha inducer with antitumor effectiveness for transplantable murine tumors."( Inhibition of murine tumor growth by an interferon-inducing imidazoquinolinamine.
Borden, EC; Bryan, GT; Hatcher, JF; Reiter, MJ; Sidky, YA; Weeks, CE, 1992)		1

Effects

Imiquimod has a relatively low cost compared to other therapeutic options. Can be delivered via ambulatory care to patients with surgery contraindications. Side effects are tolerable.

Imiquimod has been shown to clear cases of melanoma in situ, but its role in the treatment of invasive cutaneous melanomas is unknown. The drug has a relatively low cost compared to other therapeutic options.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imiquimod 3.75% has an acceptable tolerability profile."( Lmax and imiquimod 3.75%: the new standard in AK management.
Stockfleth, E, 2015)		1.56
"Imiquimod has a relatively low cost compared to other therapeutic options and can be delivered via ambulatory care to patients with surgery contraindications, and its side effects are tolerable."( Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream.
Alessi, SS; Festa Neto, C; Messina, MC; Oliveira, WR; Pimentel, ER; Sanches, JA, 2009)		1.33
"Imiquimod therapy has high effectiveness and safety in curing HHS."( Therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with hypertrophic herpes simplex infection treated with imiquimod: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from case reports and case series.
Leeyaphan, C; Nanchaipruek, Y; Phinyo, P, 2022)		1.65
"Imiquimod has been long suggested as a treatment option for solar dermatitis, but this is the first known case report detailing its efficacy in dogs."( Topical Imiquimod Therapy for Localized Solar Dermatitis in a Dog.
Banovic, F; McHale, B, )		1.29
"Imiquimod has also been used off-label in various other skin conditions (eg, Bowen's disease, lentigo maligna, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia)."( Mucosal side effects in patients treated with topical imiquimod-A scoping review of the literature.
Gantenbein, L; Hammerl, V; Mueller, SM; Navarini, A; Parlar, B; Väth, H, 2021)		1.59
"Imiquimod has been proposed as a treatment for LM."( Change in lentigo maligna score assessed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy after 1 month of imiquimod treatment for lentigo maligna management.
Bossard, C; Denis Musquer, M; Dréno, B; Khammari, A; Nguyen, JM; Soenen, A; Vergier, B; Vourc'h, M, 2022)		1.66
"Imiquimod cream has been used off-label as monotherapy in the treatment of LM and may be used in the neoadjuvant setting prior to staged excision as a strategy to reduce the size of the surgical margins required to confirm negative histologic margins."( Rate of Recurrence of Lentigo Maligna Treated With Off-Label Neoadjuvant Topical Imiquimod, 5%, Cream Prior to Conservatively Staged Excision.
Bowen, GM; Bowling, M; Donigan, JM; Goldgar, DE; Hadley, ML; Hyde, MA, 2018)		1.43
"Imiquimod has higher efficacy than single-cycle PDT but more adverse effects."( Conventional and combination topical photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Collier, NJ; Exton, LS; Green, AC; Haylett, AK; Ibbotson, SH; Mallipeddi, R; McKenna, KE; Mohd Mustapa, MF; Morton, CA; Moseley, H; Rhodes, LE; Seukeran, D; Ward, KA; Wong, TH, 2018)		1.2
"Imiquimod therapy has been shown to be a less invasive and cheaper option than many other treatment modalities."( A Review on Imiquimod Therapy and Discussion on Optimal Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas.
Arora, H; Darwin, E; Kamath, P; Nouri, K, 2018)		1.58
"Imiquimod has been recommended as an alternative treatment in lentigo maligna (LM) when surgical excision is not the treatment of choice."( Confocal Microscopy and Lentigo Maligna: An in vivo Pilot Study for the Assessment of Response to Imiquimod Therapy.
Brand, FL; Hunger, RE; Seyed Jafari, SM, 2019)		1.45
"Imiquimod has been used for treating lentigo maligna (LM) in selected cases when surgery is not an appropriate option because of functional or aesthetic impairment. "( In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy to monitor the response of lentigo maligna to imiquimod.
Alarcon, I; Alos, L; Carrera, C; Malvehy, J; Palou, J; Puig, S, 2014)		2.07
"Imiquimod 3.75% has an acceptable tolerability profile."( Lmax and imiquimod 3.75%: the new standard in AK management.
Stockfleth, E, 2015)		1.56
"Imiquimod has revolutionized the treatment of field cancerization and has been approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma with the recommendation of a 6-week treatment strategy, offering an alternative to surgery or other destructive treatment strategies."( Topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma with the immune response modifier imiquimod.
Papakostas, D; Stockfleth, E, 2015)		1.37
"Imiquimod has been shown to clear cases of melanoma in situ, but its role in the treatment of invasive cutaneous melanomas is unknown."( Topical imiquimod clears invasive melanoma.
Grady, BE; Spencer, JM, 2016)		1.59
"Imiquimod has a relatively low cost compared to other therapeutic options and can be delivered via ambulatory care to patients with surgery contraindications, and its side effects are tolerable."( Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream.
Alessi, SS; Festa Neto, C; Messina, MC; Oliveira, WR; Pimentel, ER; Sanches, JA, 2009)		1.33
"Imiquimod has immune-stimulant properties that can precipitate autoimmune conditions like eczema, psoriasis and lichenoid conditions. "( Imiquimod use in the genital area and development of lichen sclerosus and lichen planus.
O'Mahony, C; Stanley, M; Yesudian, PD, 2010)		3.25
"Imiquimod has been shown to be an effective treatment for usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN). "( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not interfere with imiquimod treatment for usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
Beckmann, I; Blok, LJ; Heijmans-Antonissen, C; Helmerhorst, TJ; Kleinjan, A; Santegoets, LA; Terlou, A; van Beurden, M; van Seters, M, 2011)		2.06
"Imiquimod has been reported to be efficacious in the topical treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas (IH). "( A prospective self-controlled phase II study of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of infantile hemangioma.
Chen, D; Chen, H; Chen, X; Hu, X; Jiang, C; Jin, Y; Lin, X; Ma, G, )		1.83
"Imiquimod cream, 5%, has limited efficacy in the treatment of LM when determined by histopathologic assessment of the entire treated area. "( Efficacy of imiquimod cream, 5%, for lentigo maligna after complete excision: a study of 43 patients.
Byrne, M; Chamberlain, A; Curr, N; Dowling, JP; Haskett, M; Kelly, JW; Ly, L; O'Keefe, R; Sutton, T; Swain, S; Wolfe, R, 2011)		2.19
"Imiquimod 3.75% cream has recently been approved by both the U.S. "( The role of imiquimod 3.75% cream in the treatment of external genital warts.
Berman, B; Wolf, J, 2012)		2.2
"Imiquimod has the ability to clear melanoma in situ, but its effect on invasive melanoma is unknown."( Clearance of invasive melanoma with topical imiquimod.
Moon, SD; Spencer, JM, 2013)		1.37
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been shown to be effective in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs)."( Topical imiquimod treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinomas in patients affected by basal cell nevus syndrome: a preliminary report.
Caltabiano, R; De Pasquale, R; Impallomeni, R; Lacarrubba, F; Micali, G, 2002)		2.19
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been investigated for non-surgical treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumours."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion.
Andres, K; Bichel, J; Ding, L; Herrera, E; Ruzicka, T; Sterry, W; Takwale, A; Thissen, MR, 2002)		3.2
"Imiquimod has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in clearing genital warts, and mechanism of action studies indicate that this is related to the ability to generate proinflammatory cytokines and a Th1 response."( Imiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.
Stanley, MA, 2002)		2.48
"Imiquimod has the potential to induce apoptosis in skin cancer cells, possibly by circumventing mechanisms developed by malignant tumors to resist apoptotic signals."( Tumor-selective induction of apoptosis and the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod.
Benninghoff, B; Bong, AB; Drewniok, C; Geilen, CC; Gollnick, H; Herz, J; Reifenberger, J; Schön, M; Schön, MP; Slade, HB, 2003)		1.98
"Imiquimod has no efficacy in controlling C. "( Imiquimod does not affect shedding of viable chlamydiae in a murine model of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection.
Ault, KA; Cohoon, KP; Ramsey, KH; Shaba, N, 2003)		3.2
"Imiquimod has been used for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). "( Topical imiquimod treatment for nodular basal cell carcinomas: an open-label series.
Amonette, RA; Haque, R; Huber, A; Huber, JD; Kuwahara, RT; Skinner, RB, 2004)		2.2
"Imiquimod has been shown to be efficacious as a topical treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC)."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies.
Caro, I; Geisse, J; Golitz, L; Lindholm, J; Owens, M; Stampone, P, 2004)		2.49
"Imiquimod has been shown to stimulate the cutaneous immune response and be effective for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from two phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials.
Dinehart, S; Fox, TL; Jorizzo, J; Lebwohl, M; Lee, JH; Lee, PK; Tawfik, N; Whiting, D, 2004)		2.49
"Imiquimod 5% cream has proven to be effective in superficial and nodular basal cell carcinomas in nonimmunosuppressed patients and treating squamous cell carcinomas in situ in transplant patients. "( Efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for basal cell carcinoma in transplant patients.
Alomar, A; Vidal, D, 2004)		2.15
"Imiquimod has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for a variety of skin conditions."( Viral and nonviral uses of imiquimod: a review.
Cherman, AM; Gupta, AK; Tyring, SK, )		1.87
"Imiquimod has also been found to be effective for other virus-associated dermatologic lesions, including common and flat warts, molluscum contagiosum, and herpes simplex virus type-2 as well as for some cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis."( Successful treatment of antifungal- and cryotherapy-resistant subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent case with topical 5% imiquimod cream.
Erbagci, Z; Erkilic, S; Tuncel, AA; Zer, Y, 2005)		1.25
"Imiquimod 5% cream has proven to be an effective treatment for external genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis."( Topical imiquimod: mechanism of action and clinical applications.
Vidal, D, 2006)		1.49
"Imiquimod has been successfully used for treatment of various epithelial cutaneous neoplasms."( Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
Chimenti, S; Fargnoli, MC; Lozzi, GP; Micantonio, T; Peris, K, 2006)		3.22
"Imiquimod has been investigated as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK)."( Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
Alomar, A; Bichel, J; McRae, S, 2007)		2.01
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been found to be effective and safe in preventing recurrence of keloids on earlobes after excision. "( Imiquimod 5% cream for the prevention of recurrence after excision of presternal keloids.
Gupta, S; Khaitan, BK; Malhotra, AK; Sharma, VK, 2007)		3.23
"Imiquimod 5% cream has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of lentigo maligna (LM) in several small studies. "( Treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod before staged excision.
Bowen, GM; Cotter, MA; McKenna, JK, 2008)		2.07
"Imiquimod has been identified as a potent antiviral and antitumor agent in animal models. "( Cytokine induction in mice by the immunomodulator imiquimod.
Miller, RL; Reiter, MJ; Testerman, TL; Tomai, MA; Weeks, CE, 1994)		1.98
"Imiquimod has been reported to induce interferon-alpha and other cytokines in animals and humans, but its precise role as an immunomodulator at skin sites has not been determined."( Effects of a novel topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, on keratinocyte cytokine gene expression.
Kondo, S; Kono, T; McKenzie, RC; Pastore, S; Sauder, DN; Shivji, GM; Tomai, MA, 1994)		1.27
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been formulated for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts (condylomata acuminata) in male and female patients."( Immune response modification: imiquimod.
Tyring, S, 1998)		1.31
"Imiquimod has no direct antiviral activity but demonstrates efficacy in several animal models of virus infection."( Treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod.
Gerster, JF; Imbertson, LM; Miller, RL; Reiter, MJ, 1999)		1.26
"Imiquimod has anti-viral and anti-tumor effects in animal models and has been approved for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts in humans."( Imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, induces migration of Langerhans cells.
Amerio, P; Miller, RL; Sauder, DN; Shivji, GM; Suzuki, H; Tomai, MA; Toto, P; Wang, B, 2000)		2.47
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been used effectively to treat superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs)."( The use of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas in a basal cell nevus syndrome patient.
Amonette, R; Kagy, MK, 2000)		2.14
"Imiquimod (IQ) has been successfully used in treatment of genital warts. "( Correlation between pretreatment levels of interferon response genes and clinical responses to an immune response modifier (Imiquimod) in genital warts.
Arany, I; Brysk, MM; McDermott, DJ; Miller, RL; Slade, HB; Smith, MH; Stanley, MA; Tomai, MA; Tyring, SK, 2000)		1.96
"Imiquimod 5% cream has been shown to have activity in treating various cutaneous malignancies."( Therapeutic response of a brother and sister with xeroderma pigmentosum to imiquimod 5% cream.
Varghese, M; Weisberg, NK, 2002)		1.27

Actions

Imiquimod is at least as cost-effective as podophyllotoxin the treatment of external genital warts. It promotes local immune activation, which results in resolution of viral lesions such as anogenital warts and HSV disease.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imiquimod plays an important role in the management of condyloma and premalignant lesions. "( Imiquimod induced vitiligo-like lesions-A consequence of modified melanocyte function.
Cen, J; Cheng, H; Lin, X; Seifert, O; Yu, H, 2022)		3.61
"Imiquimod did not cause the expected psoriasis-like skin changes. "( Imiquimod does not elicit inflammatory responses in the skin of the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber).
Abelson, KSP; Kanui, TI; Kisipan, ML; Ojoo, RO, 2020)		3.44
"Imiquimod promotes local immune activation, which results in resolution of viral lesions such as anogenital warts and HSV disease."( Topical imiquimod treatment of aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex disease: case series and literature review.
Nisbet, M; Perkins, N; Thomas, M, 2011)		1.52
"Imiquimod, because of its greater initial efficacy, is at least as cost-effective as podophyllotoxin the treatment of external genital warts."( [A model-based comparison of cost effectiveness of imiquimod versus podophyllotoxin for the treatment of external anogenital warts in France].
Lafuma, A; Monsonego, J; Moyal-Barracco, M; Pribil, C, )		1.83
"Imiquimod was found to increase the number and maturation status of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, and to enhance antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, as assessed by analyses of clonal expansion, and the quantity and kinetics of cytokine production from these cells in lymph nodes and spleens collected after vaccination."( Imiquimod and resiquimod in a mouse model: adjuvants for DNA vaccination by particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery.
Brett, SJ; Daly, MG; Thomsen, LL; Tite, JP; Topley, P, 2004)		2.49
"Imiquimod does not inhibit viruses directly, nor does it cause direct, non-specific cytolytic destruction [1]."( Cytokine induction and modifying the immune response to human papilloma virus with imiquimod.
Slade, HB, )		1.08
"Imiquimod's ability to inhibit primary lesion development in the guinea pig model of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) intravaginal infection was studied."( Treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod.
Gerster, JF; Imbertson, LM; Miller, RL; Reiter, MJ, 1999)		1.26
"Imiquimod, however, did enhance Langerhans cell migration from skin to draining lymph nodes."( Imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, induces migration of Langerhans cells.
Amerio, P; Miller, RL; Sauder, DN; Shivji, GM; Suzuki, H; Tomai, MA; Toto, P; Wang, B, 2000)		2.47

Treatment

Imiquimod was used as a treatment for HHS by several studies, but the therapeutic outcomes varied. In imiquimods-treated HPV-KER keratinocytes, PARP inhibition recapitulated the in vivo findings, namely keratinocyte hyperproliferation. ImiquimOD treatment of those IL-17 signaling-deficient mice maintained high monocytic infiltration but failed to attract neutrophils into the skin.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imiquimod treatment was successful in 60% of women who completed imiquimod treatment and 95% of women treated with LLETZ."( Topical Imiquimod Treatment of High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (TOPIC-3): A Nonrandomized Multicenter Study.
de Vos Van Steenwijk, PJ; Hendriks, N; Hoosemans, L; Koeneman, MM; Kooreman, LFS; Kruitwagen, RFPM; Kruse, AJ; Nijman, HW; Penders, CGJ; Piek, JMJ; Sep, SJS; Slangen, BFM; van Beekhuizen, HJ; van de Sande, AJM; van Kuijk, SMJ, 2022)		1.88
"Imiquimod was used as a treatment for HHS by several studies, but the therapeutic outcomes varied."( Therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with hypertrophic herpes simplex infection treated with imiquimod: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from case reports and case series.
Leeyaphan, C; Nanchaipruek, Y; Phinyo, P, 2022)		1.65
"In imiquimod-treated HPV-KER keratinocytes, PARP inhibition recapitulated the in vivo findings, namely keratinocyte hyperproliferation; furthermore, the mRNA expression of psoriasis-associated cytokines (IL6, IL1β, IL8, IL17 and IL23A) was also induced."( Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 depletion enhances the severity of inflammation in an imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis.
Antal, D; Bai, P; Hegedűs, C; Kiss, B; Márton, J; Méhes, G; Szántó, M; Szegedi, A; Szödényi, A; Virág, L, 2020)		1.3
"The imiquimod treated group and the unstimulated group had a higher immune response to VHSV compared to the poly (I:C) treated group."( Poly (I:C) and imiquimod induced immune responses and their effects on the survival of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia.
Avunje, S; Jung, SJ, 2017)		1.29
"Imiquimod treatment resulted in spontaneous scratching, which was significantly inhibited by tofacitinib treatment."( Antipruritic Effects of Janus Kinase Inhibitor Tofacitinib in a Mouse Model of Psoriasis.
Akiyama, T; Hashimoto, T; Sakai, K; Sanders, KM; Yosipovitch, G, 2019)		1.24
"Imiquimod treatment of those IL-17 signaling-deficient mice maintained high monocytic infiltration but failed to attract neutrophils into the skin."( Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice Depends on the IL-17 Signaling of Keratinocytes.
Kurschus, FC; Mohebiany, AN; Moos, S; Waisman, A, 2019)		2.68
"Imiquimod treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemotactic cytokines and prevented the increase in viral-induced lung dysfunction."( Intranasal and epicutaneous administration of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists provides protection against influenza A virus-induced morbidity in mice.
Bozinovski, S; Brooks, DA; Erlich, J; Liong, F; Liong, S; Luong, R; O'Leary, JJ; Selemidis, S; Seow, HJ; To, EE; Vlahos, R, 2019)		1.24
"Imiquimod 5% cream treatment has no clinically relevant HRQoL impact in AK and sBCC patients according to the Skindex-17 and SCI. "( Patient Perception of Imiquimod Treatment for Actinic Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in 202 Patients.
Gaastra, MT; Hollestein, LM; Holterhues, C; Kuijpers, DI; Nijsten, TE; Schuttelaar, ML; van Hattem, S; Waalboer-Spuij, R, 2015)		2.17
"Imiquimod treatment induced a psoriasis-like skin inflammation. "( Resveratrol ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice.
Jessen, N; Kjær, TN; Pedersen, SB; Stenderup, K; Thorsen, K, 2015)		2.17
"In imiquimod-treated mice PD-L1-Fc reduced psoriatic inflammation when given alone and enhanced the therapeutic effect of anti-p40 when given in combination."( Programmed cell death ligand 1 alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production from programmed cell death 1-high T cells.
Ban, CY; Choi, YJ; Kim, HP; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Kim, SC; Kim, SE; Kim, TG; Lee, BH; Park, J; Park, SH; Shin, EC; Song, MY; Sung, YC, 2016)		0.95
"Imiquimod treatment promoted the clearance of EcPV in 71.4% of the treated ears."( Imiquimod treatment for Equus caballus papillomavirus infection in equine aural plaques.
Araujo, JP; Basso, RM; Borges, AS; Herman, M; Mira, J; Oliveira-Filho, JP; Olivo, G; Zakia, LS, 2016)		2.6
"Imiquimod-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in spontaneous scratching behavior directed to the treated area as well as touch-evoked scratching (alloknesis)."( Mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriatic itch.
Akiyama, T; Jensen, L; Sakai, K; Sanders, KM; Yanushefski, KM; Yosipovitch, G; Youssef, MR, 2016)		1.51
"Most imiquimod treatment failures occurred in year 1."( Surgery Versus 5% Imiquimod for Nodular and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma: 5-Year Results of the SINS Randomized Controlled Trial.
Armstrong, SJ; Bath-Hextall, F; Colver, GB; Miller, PSJ; Ozolins, M; Perkins, W; Williams, HC, 2017)		1.24
"If Imiquimod was the treatment selected, alternative therapeutic approaches should be advised if no response is seen after the fourth week of treatment."( [Localization and size as prognostic factors of response to treatment with 5% imiquimod cream in non circumcised males with penile condyloma acuminata].
Cortés-González, JR; Gómez-Guerra, LS; Maqueo, JA, )		0.87
"Imiquimod-treated tumors contained a decreased percentage of T reg cells, and these cells produced less FOXP3, interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta."( Human squamous cell carcinomas evade the immune response by down-regulation of vascular E-selectin and recruitment of regulatory T cells.
Clark, RA; Edwards, V; Hijnen, D; Huang, SJ; Kim, JE; Kupper, TS; Lambert, J; Miller, DM; Mollet, IG; Murphy, GF; Muthukuru, M; Schanbacher, CF, 2008)		1.07
"Imiquimod use in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has proven to be successful in a large percentage of cases, inducing tumor regression; however, the exact cellular mechanism has not been fully clarified."( In vivo characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate and apoptotic status in imiquimod-treated basal cell carcinoma.
Carli, P; Chiarugi, A; De Giorgi, V; Maio, V; Massi, D; Nicoletti, P; Paglierani, M; Salvini, C; Santucci, M, 2009)		2.02
"Imiquimod treatment induced a significant increase in the mononuclear inflammatory response. "( In vivo characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate and apoptotic status in imiquimod-treated basal cell carcinoma.
Carli, P; Chiarugi, A; De Giorgi, V; Maio, V; Massi, D; Nicoletti, P; Paglierani, M; Salvini, C; Santucci, M, 2009)		2.02
"Imiquimod treatment and office-based excision with immediate repair of the surgical defect have similar total average costs of $959 (BCC cheek) and $931 (SCC arm) and $1006 (BCC cheek) and $907 (SCC arm), respectively."( A relative value unit-based cost comparison of treatment modalities for nonmelanoma skin cancer: effect of the loss of the Mohs multiple surgery reduction exemption.
Coldiron, BM; Rogers, HW, 2009)		1.07
"Imiquimod treatment induced apoptosis of melanocytes, which was observed by TUNEL assay and Hoechst 33258 staining."( Imiquimod induces apoptosis of human melanocytes.
Ahn, JH; Hwang, HS; Kang, HY; Kang, SU; Kim, CH; Lee, MH; Pyun, JH, 2010)		2.52
"Imiquimod treatment induced the activation and proliferation of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and T-regulatory cells."( Long-term remission of recurrent herpes labialis following topical imiquimod application on distant healthy skin: a clinical and immunological study.
Monastirli, A; Mouzaki, A; Papadaki, H; Pasmatzi, E; Rodi, M; Tsambaos, D, 2011)		1.33
"Imiquimod treatments to both CD11c+ and intestinal epithelial cells significantly increased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and reduced survival of intracellular S."( Toll-like receptor-7 ligand Imiquimod induces type I interferon and antimicrobial peptides to ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis.
Aden, K; Anant, S; Bishnupuri, KS; Dieckgraefe, BK; Houchen, CW; Luo, Q; Sainathan, SK, 2012)		1.39
"Imiquimod treatment also appeared to delay the time to recurrence of HSV lesions."( Successful treatment of aciclovir and foscarnet resistant Herpes simplex virus lesions with topical imiquimod in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Agut, H; Caumes, E; Challine, D; Deback, C; Lascaux, AS; Lévy, Y; Melica, G, 2012)		1.32
"Imiquimod-treated macrophages activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and released pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines."( Toll-like receptor 7 stimulation by imiquimod induces macrophage autophagy and inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques.
Bult, H; De Meyer, GR; De Meyer, I; Martinet, W; Schrijvers, DM; Timmermans, JP, 2012)		1.38
"Imiquimod treatment 4 or 15 h before fear conditioning significantly enhanced context-dependent freezing behavior."( Toll-like receptor 7-mediated enhancement of contextual fear memory in mice.
Hiraide, S; Kobayashi, M; Kubo, Y; Matsumoto, M; Togashi, H; Yanagawa, Y, 2012)		1.1
"Imiquimod treatment was well tolerated, with only grade 1 to 2 transient local and systemic side effects consistent with imiquimod's immunomodulatory effects."( Topical TLR7 agonist imiquimod can induce immune-mediated rejection of skin metastases in patients with breast cancer.
Adams, S; Axelrod, D; Bhardwaj, N; Chiriboga, L; Demaria, S; Formenti, SC; Goldberg, JD; Hochman, T; Kozhaya, L; Liebes, L; Martiniuk, F; Meng, TC; Novik, Y; Shuman, N; Speyer, J; Tiersten, A; Unutmaz, D, 2012)		1.42
"The imiquimod treatment played a direct effect on SCC, demonstrated by the increased number of S-100(+) dendritic cells, which could suggest an important role of immune surveillance against neoplastic proliferation."( Effects of imiquimod and low-intensity laser (λ660 nm) in chemically induced oral carcinomas in hamster buccal pouch mucosa.
de C Monteiro, JS; de Oliveira, SC; de Souza, SC; dos Santos, JN; Gurgel, CA; Pinheiro, AL; Reis Júnior, JA, 2013)		1.26
"Imiquimod treatment induced a massive increase in macrophage peritumoral and intratumoral infiltration."( Mechanisms underlying imiquimod-induced regression of basal cell carcinoma in vivo.
Benninghoff, B; Burg, G; Dummer, R; Maier, T; Slade, H; Urosevic, M, 2003)		1.35
"Imiquimod treatment resulted in clinical and histological eradication of EMPD, with no recurrence observed during 6 months of follow-up."( Successful treatment of extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum with imiquimod 5% cream.
Berman, B; Elgart, G; Poochareon, V; Spencer, J; Villa, A, 2003)		1.27
"Imiquimod-treated tumors showed decreased tumor cell proliferation, increased tumor apoptosis, and increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 with decreased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9."( Topically applied imiquimod inhibits vascular tumor growth in vivo.
Gugneja, S; Miller, R; Neuschler, E; Neuschler, N; Paller, AS; Puscasiu, E; Sidbury, R; Sun, P; Tomai, M; Wang, XQ, 2003)		1.37
"Imiquimod-treated BCCs stained more strongly for caspase-3 and to a lesser degree p53 as compared with vehicle-treated BCCs."( Evaluation of superficial basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle for apoptosis and lymphocyte phenotyping.
Berman, B; Dearaujo, T; Sullivan, TP; Vincek, V, 2003)		1.27
"Imiquimod treatment leads either to complete regression or to a significant reduction of the tumors."( Identification and characterization of pDC-like cells in normal mouse skin and melanomas treated with imiquimod.
Holcmann, M; Lührs, P; Meindl, S; Palamara, F; Sibilia, M; Stingl, G, 2004)		1.26
"Two imiquimod-treated sBCC patients who did not mount an inflammatory response to imiquimod and whose lesions lacked the IFN-alpha signature after treatment had fewer PDCs in treated lesions compared with other treated patients with such a response."( Disease-independent skin recruitment and activation of plasmacytoid predendritic cells following imiquimod treatment.
Beyeler, M; Burg, G; Conrad, C; Dummer, R; Gilliet, M; Laine, E; Urosevic, M, 2005)		1.03
"Imiquimod-treated, UV-irradiated XS52 triggered a more vigorous IFN-gamma production than did either imiquimod-treated XS52 or UV-irradiated XS52, again suggesting a synergy between the two treatments."( Topical imiquimod treatment prevents UV-light induced loss of contact hypersensitivity and immune tolerance.
Fishelevich, R; Gaspari, AA; Luzina, I; Miller, RL; Thatcher, TH; Tomai, MA, 2006)		1.49
"Imiquimod treatment inhibits OVA induced airway inflammation by modulating key master switches GATA-3 and T-bet that result in committing T helper cells to a Th1 phenotype."( Treatment of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by imiquimod modulating transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3.
Bian, T; De, W; Hu, JJ; Jin, SX; Ma, XQ; Yin, KS; Zhang, XL; Zhou, JY, 2006)		2.01
"Imiquimod treatment of AK resulted in superior sustained clearance and cosmetic outcomes compared with cryosurgery and 5-FU. "( A randomised study of topical 5% imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including 1-year follow-up.
Krawtchenko, N; Mann, I; Roewert-Huber, J; Sterry, W; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, M, 2007)		2.06
"Imiquimod treatment of primary genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in guinea pigs reduces the level of genital disease by 90%."( Posttherapy suppression of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences and enhancement of HSV-specific T-cell memory by imiquimod in guinea pigs.
Bernstein, DI; Harrison, CJ; Miller, RL, 1994)		1.22
"Of imiquimod-treated patients whose warts cleared completely and who finished the 10-week follow-up period, 19% (3 of 16) experienced recurrences of warts."( Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod).
Beutner, KR; Douglas, JM; Fox, TL; Hougham, AJ; Owens, ML; Spruance, SL, 1998)		1.06
"All imiquimod-treated patients had a > or =75% reduction in total wart area while only one of three placebo-treated patients had a similar reduction."( Enhancement of the innate and cellular immune response in patients with genital warts treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%.
Arany, I; McDermott, DJ; Miller, RL; Slade, HB; Smith, MH; Stanley, MA; Tomai, MA; Tyring, SK, 1999)		1
"Imiquimod treatment inhibited lesion development and/or virus shedding in guinea pigs inoculated with HSV-1, HSV-2 or virus isolates resistant to acyclovir."( Treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod.
Gerster, JF; Imbertson, LM; Miller, RL; Reiter, MJ, 1999)		1.26
"An imiquimod treatment protocol, previously used in a study of this drug for the treatment of external genital warts, was followed."( Self-administered topical imiquimod treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. A report of four cases.
Davis, G; Richard, J; Wentworth, J, 2000)		1.12
"Treatment with imiquimod was self-administered in a slowly escalating dosage scheme up to three times per week for a period of 4-6 months."( Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Boandl, A; Bogner, G; Ciresa-König, A; Holter, M; Jan, Z; Joura, EA; Kalteis, MS; Regauer, S; Reich, O; Schauer, C; Tamussino, K; Trutnovsky, G; Widschwendter, A, 2022)		1.5
"Treatment of imiquimod-challenged mice with an NRTN-neutralizing antibody significantly reduced nonpeptidergic nerve density as well as spontaneous scratching."( Role of neurturin in spontaneous itch and increased nonpeptidergic intraepidermal fiber density in a mouse model of psoriasis.
Akiyama, T; Jensen, LE; Sakai, K; Sanders, KM; Yanushefski, KM; Yosipovitch, G; Youssef, MR, 2017)		0.81
"NTP treatment in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin inhibited increases in epithelial cell thickness and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to ones without the NTP treatment."( Non-thermal atmospheric plasma ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice through inhibition of immune responses and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression.
Kim, CH; Kim, HJ; Lee, MH; Lee, YS; Won, HR, 2017)		1.05
"Treatment with imiquimod induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in TRMPA-C2 cells, confirmed by the changes of G2/M checkpoint regulators such as reduction of cyclin B1 expression and increase of phospho-CDC2 and p21 in TRAMP-C2 cells treated with imiquimod."( In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of prostate cancer by the small molecule imiquimod.
Cho, SD; Choi, ES; Han, JH; Jeon, SJ; Kim, BY; Kim, DJ; Lee, J; Park, JH, 2013)		0.96
"Mice treated with imiquimod plus PRL, but not those treated with imiquimod plus phosphate-buffered saline, showed significantly increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p35 and CXCL2 compared with controls."( Prolactin induces the production of Th17 and Th1 cytokines/chemokines in murine Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin.
Hau, CS; Kanda, N; Sato, S; Shibata, S; Tada, Y; Watanabe, S, 2014)		0.95
"Mice treated with Imiquimod (IMQ) to induce psoriasis can be used to evaluate the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and this model has become one of the most important in vivo research tools for research on the disease."( A PPARδ-selective antagonist ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice.
Chen, Y; Hao, Y; Hu, J; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wang, X, 2016)		0.76
"Treatment with imiquimod was less painful than cryotherapy (P = 0.034)."( Comparison of cryotherapy to imiquimod 5% in the treatment of anogenital warts.
Antoniou, C; Anyfantakis, V; Bethimoutis, G; Eustathios, R; Hadjivassiliou, M; Hagjivassiliou, M; Katsambas, A; Katzouranis, I; Lagogianni, E; Nicolaidou, E; Panagiotopoulos, A; Rallis, E; Stefanaki, C, 2008)		0.98
"Treatment with Imiquimod 5% cream 3 times per week was given and follow up was at the first and second week and afterwards every second week."( [Localization and size as prognostic factors of response to treatment with 5% imiquimod cream in non circumcised males with penile condyloma acuminata].
Cortés-González, JR; Gómez-Guerra, LS; Maqueo, JA, )		0.7
"Treatment with imiquimod cream showed a total clearance of external genital or perianal warts in about 50% of immunocompetent subjects."( Imiquimod 5% cream for external genital or perianal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: an open-label, noncomparative study.
Aquilina, C; Bauhofer, A; Bouscarat, F; Dupin, N; Mougin, C; Ortonne, JP; Saiag, P, 2009)		2.14
"SCC treated with imiquimod before excision contained dense T-cell infiltrates associated with tumor cell apoptosis and histological evidence of tumor regression."( Imiquimod enhances IFN-gamma production and effector function of T cells infiltrating human squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.
Calarese, AW; Clark, RA; Hijnen, D; Huang, SJ; Kupper, TS; Miller, DM; Mollet, IG; Murphy, GF; Schanbacher, CF; Schmults, CD, 2009)		2.12
"Treatment with imiquimod applied at home by patient gives excellent cosmetic results."( [New perspective in immunotherapy: local imiquimod treatment].
Kemény, L; Nagy, N, 2010)		0.97
"Treatment with imiquimod significantly inhibited tumor growth, an effect that was associated with increased tumor infiltration by CD11c(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells, and abolished by depletion of CD8(+) cells. "( Synergy of topical toll-like receptor 7 agonist with radiation and low-dose cyclophosphamide in a mouse model of cutaneous breast cancer.
Adams, S; Babb, JS; Demaria, S; Dewan, MZ; DiNapoli, S; Formenti, SC; Kawashima, N; Vanpouille-Box, C, 2012)		0.73
"Treatment with imiquimod anal tampons was well tolerated. "( Application of imiquimod by suppositories (anal tampons) efficiently prevents recurrences after ablation of anal canal condyloma.
Brodersen, JP; Gutzmer, R; Kapp, A; Kaspari, M; Kaspari, T, 2002)		1.02
"Treatment with imiquimod cream 5% (Aldara), a topical immune response modifier applied once a day and left for 12 h, led to significant partial tumor regression and clear demarcation of the tumor."( Treatment of verrucous carcinoma with imiquimod and CO2 laser ablation.
Hafner, J; Heinzerling, LM; Kamarashev, J; Kempf, W; Nestle, FO, 2003)		0.93
"Treatment with imiquimod 5% cream, capable of inducing interferon (IFN)-alpha, effectively cures basal cell carcinoma (BCC), both clinically and histologically. "( Expression of Fas-receptor on basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle.
Berman, B; De Araujo, T; Nadji, M; Sullivan, T, 2003)		0.9
"Treatment with imiquimod 5% cream for 8-10 weeks was effective in both cases with no clinical evidence of relapse at 4 and 6 months."( Topical treatment of intraepithelial penile carcinoma with imiquimod.
Micali, G; Nasca, MR; Tedeschi, A, 2003)		0.9
"Treatment with imiquimod 5% cream was effective when applied once a day for 3 consecutive days followed by 4 days without treatment, over a period of 5 weeks."( Treatment of Bowen's disease of the penis with imiquimod 5% cream.
Danielsen, AG; Sand, C; Weismann, K, 2003)		0.92
"Treatment with imiquimod increased the apoptotic index (P < 0.05), reduced Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.05), and increased the number of CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+, granzyme B+, and S-100+ cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of the BCC (P < 0.05)."( Open study of the efficacy and mechanism of action of topical imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma.
Alomar, A; Matías-Guiu, X; Vidal, D, 2004)		0.9
"Treatment with imiquimod was initiated, because the patient suffered tremendously from the disease."( [Imiquimod for the topical treatment of focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) in a child].
Brauns, TC; Goos, M; Maschke, J, 2004)		1.57
"Treatment with imiquimod was effective, probably due to the area of application, where large hydrated skin folds are found, which helps penetration of the drug on the stratum corneum."( Porokeratosis of Mibelli of the axillae: treatment with topical imiquimod.
García-Ramírez, V; Montes-De-Oca-Sánchez, G; Tirado-Sánchez, A, 2006)		0.91
"treatment with imiquimod 5% cream vs."( Randomized, comparative trial on the sustained efficacy of topical imiquimod 5% cream versus conventional ablative methods in external anogenital warts.
Eul, A; Henke, U; Lenz, T; Schöfer, H; Van Ophoven, A, )		0.71
"Treatment with imiquimod, an immune response modifier, stimulated significant increases in mRNA for interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma and 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2',5'-AS) as well as a tendency towards increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin-12 p40."( Enhancement of the innate and cellular immune response in patients with genital warts treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%.
Arany, I; McDermott, DJ; Miller, RL; Slade, HB; Smith, MH; Stanley, MA; Tomai, MA; Tyring, SK, 1999)		0.86
"Treatment with imiquimod also inhibited the growth of RIF-1 sarcoma and Lewis lung carcinoma but was ineffective for P388 leukemia."( Inhibition of murine tumor growth by an interferon-inducing imidazoquinolinamine.
Borden, EC; Bryan, GT; Hatcher, JF; Reiter, MJ; Sidky, YA; Weeks, CE, 1992)		0.62

Toxicity

Imiquimod 5% seems to be an effective and safe method for treating condylomata acuminata of the vulva. Adverse events of grade 3 or higher were reported in 31 (37%) of 84 patients allocated cidofovir.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" All completed the dose-escalation phase of weekly dosing at 100-mg increments and received at least one maintenance dose, 100 mg below the patient's toxic dose, for 12 weeks."( Administration of imiquimod, an interferon inducer, in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons to determine safety and biologic response modification.
Cooper, DA; Couldwell, D; Cunningham, P; Goldstein, D; Hertzog, P; McCarville, S; Newell, M; Owens, M; Parrish, S; Tomkinson, E, 1998)		0.63
"Safety was assessed through the incidence and severity of local skin reactions and other adverse events, and through clinical laboratory tests."( A randomized, controlled, safety study using imiquimod for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in HIV-infected patients. Imiquimod Study Group.
Conant, MA; Friedman-Kien, AE; Gilson, RJ; Nayagam, AT; Owens, ML; Pietig, DC; Shupack, JL; Smith, MH; Swann, RV; Weber, JN, 1999)		0.56
"7%, respectively) and the incidence of patients reporting at least one adverse event was 69."( A randomized, controlled, safety study using imiquimod for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in HIV-infected patients. Imiquimod Study Group.
Conant, MA; Friedman-Kien, AE; Gilson, RJ; Nayagam, AT; Owens, ML; Pietig, DC; Shupack, JL; Smith, MH; Swann, RV; Weber, JN, 1999)		0.56
"Most local skin reactions were mild and no adverse effects on HIV disease were observed."( A randomized, controlled, safety study using imiquimod for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in HIV-infected patients. Imiquimod Study Group.
Conant, MA; Friedman-Kien, AE; Gilson, RJ; Nayagam, AT; Owens, ML; Pietig, DC; Shupack, JL; Smith, MH; Swann, RV; Weber, JN, 1999)		0.56
" Imiquimod 5% cream was safe in both treatment groups."( Safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of penile genital warts in uncircumcised men when applied three times weekly or once per day.
Barasso, R; Carey-Yard, M; Eul, A; Gollnick, H; Jappe, U; Milde, K; Ward, K, 2001)		1.53
" A visual analog scale was used to assess any adverse local skin reactions, and for the presence of systemic side effects characteristic of interferon (IFN)."( An open label safety study of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Molluscum contagiosum in children.
Barba, AR; Berman, B; Kapoor, S, 2001)		0.58
" The 25 patients in the treatment group tolerated these adverse effects well."( Is imiquimod effective and safe for actinic keratosis?
Koenig, C; Walker, JK, 2003)		0.94
" There were no serious adverse events encountered with mild erythema being the commonest."( Safety and efficacy of locally applied imiquimod cream 5% for the treatment of condylomata acuminata of the vulva.
Diakomanolis, E; Elsheikh, A; Haidopoulos, D; Michalas, S; Rodolakis, A; Vlachos, G, 2004)		0.59
"Imiquimod cream 5% seems to be an effective and safe method for treating condylomata acuminata of the vulva resulting possibly in lower recurrence rates than other current therapies."( Safety and efficacy of locally applied imiquimod cream 5% for the treatment of condylomata acuminata of the vulva.
Diakomanolis, E; Elsheikh, A; Haidopoulos, D; Michalas, S; Rodolakis, A; Vlachos, G, 2004)		2.04
" Local application site reactions were the most common adverse event, reported by approximately 50% of the subjects in each treatment group."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face, scalp, or hands and arms.
Greene, RJ; Harrison, LI; Kurup, S; Marbury, TC; McKane, S; Owens, ML; Skinner, SL, 2004)		0.61
"Topical 5% imiquimod cream seems to be safe on skin areas up to 60 cm2 in renal transplant recipients."( Safety and efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of skin dysplasia in high-risk renal transplant recipients: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Atkins, CL; Brown, VL; Cerio, R; Ghali, L; Harwood, CA; Proby, CM, 2005)		1.02
"Imiquimod has been investigated as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK)."( Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
Alomar, A; Bichel, J; McRae, S, 2007)		2.01
"A 4-week course of treatment with three times weekly dosing of imiquimod 5% cream, with a repeated course of treatment for those patients who fail to clear after the first course of treatment, is a safe and effective treatment for AK."( Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
Alomar, A; Bichel, J; McRae, S, 2007)		0.8
" Adverse events were reported in 92% of the patients and were mainly classified as minor or moderate local inflammation."( A phase III, randomized, open label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied thrice weekly for 8 and 12 weeks in the treatment of low-risk nodular basal cell carcinoma.
Breuninger, H; Caroli, UM; Eigentler, TK; Garbe, C; Kamin, A; Möhrle, M; Radny, P; Weide, BM, 2007)		0.57
" Patients were assessed for safety variables that included adverse events, local skin reactions, laboratory results, vital signs, dosage of immunosuppressive medication and indication of graft rejection."( Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients.
Amerio, P; Bichel, J; Euvrard, S; Guidi, B; Proby, CM; Rønnevig, J; Slade, HB; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2007)		0.54
"Imiquimod appears to be a safe alternative for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses in patients with solid organ transplants."( Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients.
Amerio, P; Bichel, J; Euvrard, S; Guidi, B; Proby, CM; Rønnevig, J; Slade, HB; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2007)		1.98
"Imiquimod cycle therapy may be a safe and effective treatment option for AK lesions."( Open-label study to assess the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily three times per week in cycles for treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
Bissonnette, R; Provost, N; Rivers, JK; Rosoph, L, )		1.82
" Some rare adverse events are easily explained based upon its mechanism of action (such as induction of vitiligo and worsening of psoriasis)."( Vasodilatory adverse events associated with topical imiquimod 5 percent cream.
Jacobs, AA; Markus, J; Rosen, T; Snavely, N, 2008)		0.6
" Two participants discontinued treatment early, one for an adverse event (crying upon application), the other because of the lack of compliance."( A phase II, open-label study of the efficacy and safety of imiquimod in the treatment of superficial and mixed infantile hemangioma.
Auger, I; Belleville, C; David, M; Dubois, J; Gendron, R; Jafarian, F; McCuaig, CC; Powell, J; Rousseau, E, )		0.37
"3% withdrew for local skin reactions or adverse events in the combined placebo, and in the imiquimod 2, 3, 5 or 7 times per week groups, respectively."( Effect of dosing frequency on the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of actinic keratosis on the forearms and hands: a phase II, randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Cowen, PS; Gebauer, K; Shumack, S, 2009)		0.82
" Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that imiquimod 5% cream is a safe and efficacious treatment."( Safety, efficacy & recurrence rates of imiquimod cream 5% for treatment of anogenital warts.
Bartlett, BL; Diamantis, ML; Tyring, SK, 2009)		0.86
" Immunization with IC41 was generally safe in this study."( Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine.
Boehm, T; Buerger, V; Firbas, C; Jilma, B; Klade, CS; Sabarth, N; Schuller, E, 2010)		0.36
" Only one subject discontinued for a treatment-related adverse event (cryosurgery/3."( A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy and safety study of 3.75% imiquimod cream following cryosurgery for the treatment of actinic keratoses.
Bourcier, M; Jorizzo, JL; Kulp, J; Lebwohl, MG; Levy, S; Markowitz, O; Meng, TC, 2010)		0.58
" Both substances constitute effective and safe treatments of untreated anogenital warts in immunocompetent individuals."( Efficacy and safety of imiquimod versus podophyllotoxin in the treatment of anogenital warts.
Aberer, W; Akkilic-Materna, M; Komericki, P; Strimitzer, T, 2011)		0.68
" Although its mechanism of action has not been entirely elucidated yet, imiquimod 5% cream has been shown to be an efficient, long-lasting and safe therapy for multiple actinic keratoses in non-immunosuppressed patients and in transplant recipients."( Acute renal failure caused by imiquimod 5% cream in a renal transplant patient: review of the literature on side effects of imiquimod.
Coto-Segura, P; Esteve, A; Galache Osuna, C; Gómez, E; Mas-Vidal, A; Salgueiro, E; Santos-Juanes, J, 2011)		0.89
" Although considered a safe drug, mild to moderate local and systemic side-effects may occasionally occur."( Local and systemic adverse effects of imiquimod therapy for external anogenital warts in men: report of three cases.
de Campos Guidi, HG; Rosenblatt, A, 2012)		0.65
"The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activator imiquimod (IMQ) is safe and effective in treating actinic keratosis; however, an intermittent treatment regimen is necessary because of excessive local reactions."( Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation by phospholipid-conjugates of a TLR7 ligand in a Myc-induced hyperplastic actinic keratosis model in the absence of systemic side effects.
Barberis, A; Carson, DA; Cottam, HB; Crain, B; Hayashi, T; Holldack, J; Kang, M; Keophilaone, V; Maj, R; Mura, E; Ochoa, R; Passini, N; Promessi, V; Yao, S, )		0.4
"TMX-202 is safe and efficacious without causing excessive adverse effects, suggesting that it may be an alternative to Aldara for the treatment of proliferative skin conditions."( Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation by phospholipid-conjugates of a TLR7 ligand in a Myc-induced hyperplastic actinic keratosis model in the absence of systemic side effects.
Barberis, A; Carson, DA; Cottam, HB; Crain, B; Hayashi, T; Holldack, J; Kang, M; Keophilaone, V; Maj, R; Mura, E; Ochoa, R; Passini, N; Promessi, V; Yao, S, )		0.13
" Secondary outcomes were toxic effects (to assess safety) and adherence to treatment (to assess feasibility)."( Activity, safety, and feasibility of cidofovir and imiquimod for treatment of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (RT³VIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial.
Dutton, P; Fiander, A; Griffiths, G; Hibbitts, S; Hurt, CN; Jones, S; Madden, T; Man, S; Naik, R; Nordin, AJ; Powell, N; Tristram, A, 2014)		0.65
" Adverse events of grade 3 or higher were reported in 31 (37%) of 84 patients allocated cidofovir and 39 (46%) of 84 patients assigned imiquimod; the most frequent grade 3 and 4 events were pain in the vulva, pruritus, fatigue, and headache."( Activity, safety, and feasibility of cidofovir and imiquimod for treatment of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (RT³VIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial.
Dutton, P; Fiander, A; Griffiths, G; Hibbitts, S; Hurt, CN; Jones, S; Madden, T; Man, S; Naik, R; Nordin, AJ; Powell, N; Tristram, A, 2014)		0.86
"There is currently a lack of evidence-based therapies that are safe and effective for plaque-type morphea."( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% for plaque-type morphea: a multicenter, prospective, vehicle-controlled trial.
Ackerman, T; Cheung-Lee, M; Dytoc, M; Fiorillo, L; Sawyer, D; Wat, H, )		0.39
" Adverse effects were minimal and well tolerated."( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% for plaque-type morphea: a multicenter, prospective, vehicle-controlled trial.
Ackerman, T; Cheung-Lee, M; Dytoc, M; Fiorillo, L; Sawyer, D; Wat, H, )		0.39
" Complete lesion response (CLR), complete lesion clearance (CLC), cumulative recurrence probabilities (CRP), and adverse effects (AEs) were considered as outcomes and displayed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (CrI)."( A Network Meta-Analysis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) Treatments: Efficacy and Safety Assessment.
Lv, R; Sun, Q, 2017)		0.46
"The main outcome measures included histological and composite clearance rates, success rates, complete response rates, tumour-free survival and adverse events."( 'Efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% cream for basal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial': a critical appraisal.
Olabi, B; Tasker, F; Williams, HC, 2020)		0.87
" Pooled analyses comparing imiquimod with all or any of the listed comparators, including vehicle, demonstrated higher histological clearance rates [risk ratio (RR) 9·28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5·56-15·5; P < 0·001], higher composite clearance rates (RR 34·2, 95% CI 21·3, 55·1; P = 0·001), no significant difference in success rates (RR 0·98, 95% CI 0·89-1·08; P = 0·73), higher complete response rates (RR 3·15, 95% CI 1·55-6·38; P = 0·001), no significant difference in tumour-free survival (RR 1·15, 95% CI 0·98-1·35; P = 0·088) and increased incidence of adverse events (RR 2·00, 95% CI 1·39-2·88; P < 0·001)."( 'Efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% cream for basal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial': a critical appraisal.
Olabi, B; Tasker, F; Williams, HC, 2020)		1.16
" Adverse reactions (ARs) were more common with cryotherapy (9."( Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Field- and Lesion-Directed Treatments for Actinic Keratosis.
Dunkelly-Allen, N; Feldman, SR; Hansen, JB; Larsson, T; Veverka, KA, 2020)		0.56
" In addition to imiquimod-associated adverse effects at non-application sites such as fever, vertigo or myalgia there have been anecdotal reports of distant inflammatory mucosal reactions-a side effect not declared in the medicinal product information."( Mucosal side effects in patients treated with topical imiquimod-A scoping review of the literature.
Gantenbein, L; Hammerl, V; Mueller, SM; Navarini, A; Parlar, B; Väth, H, 2021)		1.22
" Fifty percent of patients reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5."( Topical chemotherapy for penile carcinoma in situ: Contemporary outcomes and reported toxicity.
Aydin, AM; Chahoud, J; Cheryian, SK; Hajiran, A; Pow-Sang, JM; Spiess, PE; Zemp, L, 2021)		0.62
" It provides a promising long-term relief with a tolerable side-effect profile."( Long-term efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% and fluorouracil 1% creams in medical monotherapy of complex eyelid basal cell carcinomas.
Gupta, P; Kaur, M; Mehta Grewal, A; Sharma, M; Singh, H; Singh, M; Zadeng, Z, 2022)		1
" No serious adverse events or systemic adverse events were determined to be due to topical therapies for AK."( INDIVIDUAL ARTICLE: Safety and Tolerability of Topical Agents for Actinic Keratosis: A Systematic Review of Phase 3 Clinical Trials.
Armstrong, AW; Kircik, LH; Rajkumar, JR, 2021)		0.62
"To investigate the relationship between SCC and topical AK medications including ingenol mebutate in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)."( Ingenol Mebutate Is Associated With Increased Reporting Odds for Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Actinic Keratosis Patients, a Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Jedlowski, PM, )		0.13
" No serious systemic adverse events were reported in all the treatment arms."( Safety and efficacy of the combination of cryotherapy and photodynamic modalities with imiquimod in patients with actinic keratosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
El-Qushayri, AE; Ghozy, S; Sakr, S; Salem, ML; Salman, S; Sarsik, SM, 2023)		1.13

Pharmacokinetics

Oral imiquimod was absorbed in both fasted and non-fasted states with an absorption half-life of approximately 1 hour.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The present study, the first clinical pharmacokinetic report of the immune response modifier imiquimod, was conducted to assess the effect of food on the oral absorption of imiquimod, to characterize its pharmacokinetics, and to estimate its oral bioavailability."( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral imiquimod relative to a subcutaneous dose.
Ellefson, P; Horton, V; McCarville, S; Myhre, P; Owens, M; Schmitt, K; Soria, I, 2000)		0.76
" Oral imiquimod was absorbed in both fasted and non-fasted states with an absorption half-life of approximately 1 hour."( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral imiquimod relative to a subcutaneous dose.
Ellefson, P; Horton, V; McCarville, S; Myhre, P; Owens, M; Schmitt, K; Soria, I, 2000)		1.02
" Steady state was achieved by day 14, and the observed half-life of approximately 29 h supports daily dosing of the product."( Pharmacokinetics of imiquimod 3.75% cream applied daily for 3 weeks to actinic keratoses on the face and/or balding scalp.
Adams, M; Fein, MC; Furst, J; Kulp, J; Levy, S; Meng, TC, 2010)		0.68
"• To study the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of intravesically administered TMX-101, with its active ingredient R-837, a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonist, in a pig model."( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravesical TMX-101: a preclinical study in pigs.
Arentsen, HC; Hulsbergen-Van de Kaa, CA; Jansen, CF; Leoni, LM; Maj, R; Oosterwijk, E; Witjes, JA, 2011)		0.37
" • Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on plasma."( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravesical TMX-101: a preclinical study in pigs.
Arentsen, HC; Hulsbergen-Van de Kaa, CA; Jansen, CF; Leoni, LM; Maj, R; Oosterwijk, E; Witjes, JA, 2011)		0.37
" Furthermore, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and adverse events were evaluated."( Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Activity Evaluation of TMX-101 in a Multicenter Phase 1 Study in Patients With Papillary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
Arends, TJ; Eisenhardt, A; Falke, J; Lammers, RJ; Pozzi, R; Ravic, M; Rustighini, I; van der Heijden, AG; Vergunst, H; Witjes, JA, 2015)		0.42
" In the pharmacodynamic analysis, urinary interleukin 1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra) represents the most sensitive and uniform response after TMX-101 instillation."( Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Activity Evaluation of TMX-101 in a Multicenter Phase 1 Study in Patients With Papillary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
Arends, TJ; Eisenhardt, A; Falke, J; Lammers, RJ; Pozzi, R; Ravic, M; Rustighini, I; van der Heijden, AG; Vergunst, H; Witjes, JA, 2015)		0.42

Compound-Compound Interactions

Imiquimod (5-10 microg/ml) combined with either paromomycin or methylbenzethonium chloride (0.2 ml) intralesional interleukin 2 (IL-2) could be considered an effective antimelanoma therapy.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an immune modulator, imiquimod, given alone or in combination with an HSV vaccine on HSV immune responses and as immunotherapy of a genital recurrence model."( Reduction of recurrent HSV disease using imiquimod alone or combined with a glycoprotein vaccine.
Bernstein, DI; Harrison, CJ; Miller, RL, 2001)		0.81
"To determine the efficacy and safety of imiquimod in combination with meglumine antimoniate in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis."( Imiquimod in combination with meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized assessor-blind controlled trial.
Dowlati, Y; Eskandari, SE; Firooz, A; Ghoorchi, MH; Gorouhi, F; Hooshmand, B; Khamesipour, A; Khatami, A; Nassiri-Kashani, M; Rashighi-Firoozabadi, M, 2006)		2.04
" Imiquimod (5-10 microg/ml) combined with either paromomycin (25, 50 and 100 microg/ml) or methylbenzethonium chloride (0."( Leishmania major: in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of paromomycin ointment (Leshcutan) combined with the immunomodulator Imiquimod.
Bazarsky, E; El-On, J; Sneir, R, 2007)		1.45
" We evaluated if pentavalent antimony (an anti-parasitic drug) combined with imiquimod (an immunomodulator) was more effective than pentavalent antimony alone in patients who had not previously been treated."( First-line therapy for human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru using the TLR7 agonist imiquimod in combination with pentavalent antimony.
Calderon, W; Cruz, M; Gyorkos, TW; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Matlashewski, G; Miranda-Verastegui, C; Rahme, E; Tulliano, G; Ward, B, 2009)		0.81
"2 ml) intralesional interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with topical imiquimod and a retinoid cream."( Complete regression of subcutaneous and cutaneous metastatic melanoma with high-dose intralesional interleukin 2 in combination with topical imiquimod and retinoid cream.
Chen, SL; Fung, MA; Garcia, MS; Goodarzi, H; Martinez, SR; Maverakis, E; Miyamura, Y; Ono, Y; Phan, T; Wehrli, LN, 2011)		0.81
" We investigated whether imiquimod, a synthetic TLR7 agonist, can expedite the immune response against influenza virus infection when combined with influenza vaccine."( Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in combination with influenza vaccine expedites and augments humoral immune responses against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in BALB/c mice.
Chan, JF; Hung, IF; Lee, AC; Li, C; Li, CG; To, KK; Yuen, KY; Zhang, AJ; Zhu, HS, 2014)		1
" The aims of our study were to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Glu in combination with low-dose CsA on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice and to determine its immunomodulatory mechanism."( Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of glucosamine in combination with low-dose cyclosporine a in a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis.
Kim, CH; Kim, JY; Lee, AY, 2015)		0.84
"Imiquimod 5% cream as a monotherapy or in combination with SA can be used safely in children with warts and is equally effective and more effective than cryotherapy in plantar warts."( Cryotherapy versus imiquimod 5% cream combined with a keratolytic lotion in cutaneous warts in children: A randomized study.
Antoniou, C; Katsarou, A; Kontochristopoulos, G; Kouris, A; Lagogiani, I; Stefanaki, C, 2016)		2.21
" More significantly, PDT with UCNP-Ce6-R837 in combination with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint blockade not only shows excellent efficacy in eliminating tumors exposed to the NIR laser but also results in strong antitumor immunities to inhibit the growth of distant tumors left behind after PDT treatment."( Near-Infrared-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy with Multitasking Upconversion Nanoparticles in Combination with Checkpoint Blockade for Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer.
Dong, Z; Han, X; Liu, Z; Peng, R; Wang, C; Xu, J; Xu, L; Yang, R; Zhu, W; Zhuang, Q, 2017)		0.46
" We tried less invasive therapy, immunocryosurgery, as a single treatment for LM or combined with surgery for LMM, with better aesthetic results."( Immunocryosurgery as monotherapy for lentigo maligna or combined with surgical excision for lentigo maligna melanoma.
Casanova, JM; García-de-la-Fuente, MR; Gatius, S; Huerva, V; Martí, RM; Matas-Nadal, C; Ortega, E; Sòria, X; Vilardell, F, 2018)		0.48
"B16F1 melanoma-bearing mice were daily treated with topical imiquimod in combination with one intratumoral injection of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LVR01."( TLR7 agonist in combination with Salmonella as an effective antimelanoma immunotherapy.
Agorio, CI; Bascuas, T; Chabalgoity, JA; Mónaco, A; Moreno, M; Rimsky, G; Vola, M, 2018)		0.72
"Salmonella LVR01 immunotherapy in combination with imiquimod is a novel approach that could be considered as an effective antimelanoma therapy."( TLR7 agonist in combination with Salmonella as an effective antimelanoma immunotherapy.
Agorio, CI; Bascuas, T; Chabalgoity, JA; Mónaco, A; Moreno, M; Rimsky, G; Vola, M, 2018)		0.73
"To investigate the therapeutic effect of Toll-like receptor 7( TLR7) agonist imiquimod combined with dendritic cell( DC)-based tumor vaccine on melanoma in mice and the potential mechanism."( [Imiquimod combined with dendritic cell vaccine decreases Treg proportion and enhances anti-tumor responses in mice bearing melanoma].
Li, P; Li, Y; Lu, C; Ren, S; Wang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2017)		1.59
"15% cream or imiquimod 5% cream, in combination with a three-dose regimen of qHPV or control vaccination."( Human papillomavirus infection: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of imiquimod cream (5%) versus podophyllotoxin cream (0.15%), in combination with quadrivalent human papillomavirus or control vaccination in the treatment and prevention of recurr
Bennett, K; Copas, AJ; Doré, CJ; Gilson, R; Haddow, LJ; Jit, M; Lacey, C; Meadows, J; Murray, ML; Nathan, M; Soldan, K; Tetlow, M, 2018)		1.08
"Topical imiquimod administration combined with ID MIV A/H5N1 was safe but did not result in improved serologic responses to the vaccine."( Topical Imiquimod Does Not Provide an Adjuvant Effect When Administered With Inactivated Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine in Healthy Young Adults.
Atmar, RL; El Sahly, HM; Keitel, WA; Sendra, E; Wegel, A, 2021)		1.49
"Twelve melanoma peptides plus a tetanus helper peptide were combined with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and were administered topically on days 1, 8, and 15, to 28 patients randomized to one of four adjuvant preparations: (1) incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA); (2) IFA plus a TLR7 agonist (imiquimod) administered on days 0, 7, 14; (3) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or (4) DMSO+ imiquimod administered on day 0, 7, 14."( Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist.
Chianese-Bullock, KA; Deacon, D; Grosh, WW; Lynch, KT; Meneveau, MO; Olson, WC; Patterson, JW; Petroni, GR; Salerno, EP; Slingluff, CL; Smolkin, M; Woodson, E, 2021)		0.79

Bioavailability

1.03 mg/kg was approximately 100-fold more potent than that of Imiquimod, and showed an excellent oral bioavailability (F=40%) which was 10-fold improved over 5, a lead compound. Food does not have a major effect on the rate, extent of absorption or bioavailability of oral imiquinod.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The oral bioavailability of imiquimod was on average 47%, and independent of whether imiquimod was administered with or without food."( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral imiquimod relative to a subcutaneous dose.
Ellefson, P; Horton, V; McCarville, S; Myhre, P; Owens, M; Schmitt, K; Soria, I, 2000)		0.84
"This study suggests that food does not have a major effect on the rate, extent of absorption or bioavailability of oral imiquimod, and thus, it is suitable to administer imiquimod orally in either the fasted or non-fasted states."( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral imiquimod relative to a subcutaneous dose.
Ellefson, P; Horton, V; McCarville, S; Myhre, P; Owens, M; Schmitt, K; Soria, I, 2000)		0.75
"1 mg/kg, which was 30-fold potent than that of Imiquimod, and showed a good oral bioavailability (F=81%)."( Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-amino-8-hydroxyadenines as orally active interferon inducing agents.
Hirota, K; Ichii, S; Isobe, Y; Kawakami, H; Kurimoto, A; Ogino, T; Ogita, H; Sajiki, H; Takaku, H; Tobe, M, 2003)		0.58
"03 mg/kg, which was approximately 100-fold more potent than that of Imiquimod, and showed an excellent oral bioavailability (F=40%) which was 10-fold improved over 5, a lead compound (F=4%)."( Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted 8-hydroxyadenines as potent interferon inducers with improved oral bioavailabilities.
Hirota, K; Ichii, S; Isobe, Y; Kawakami, H; Kurimoto, A; Ogino, T; Ogita, H; Sajiki, H; Takaku, H; Tobe, M, 2004)		0.56
" After intraperitoneal administration the absolute bioavailability remains limited (22."( Pharmacology of EAPB0203, a novel imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivative with anti-tumoral activity on melanoma.
Bonnet, PA; Bressolle, FM; Cooper, JF; Deleuze-Masquéfa, C; Gattacceca, F; Khier, S; Margout, D; Moarbess, G; Pinguet, F; Solassol, I, 2010)		0.36
" Further, the dermatokinetic studies also confirmed better permeation and enhanced skin bioavailability of SA to epidermis as well as dermis vis-à-vis the CGF."( Lanolin-based organogel of salicylic acid: evidences of better dermatokinetic profile in imiquimod-induced keratolytic therapy in BALB/c mice model.
Devi, N; Jain, A; Katare, OP; Sharma, G; Thakur, K, 2018)		0.7
" However, bioavailability issues have restricted the development of EGCG for the treatment of psoriasis."( Chitosan-based nanoformulated (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates human keratinocyte-induced responses and alleviates imiquimod-induced murine psoriasiform dermatitis.
Adame, S; Adhami, VM; Babatunde, AS; Bharali, DJ; Chamcheu, JC; Esnault, S; Longley, BJ; Massey, RJ; Mousa, SA; Mukhtar, H; Siddiqui, IA; Wood, GS, 2018)		0.69
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
"Methotrexate exhibits poor cutaneous bioavailability and systemic side effects on topical administration, so there is an unmet need for a novel carrier and its optimized therapy."( Methotrexate-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis by Moderating Inflammation: Formulation, Optimization, Characterization, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Studies.
Agrawal, YO; Mahajan, HS; Mahajan, UB; Ojha, S, 2020)		0.8

Dosage Studied

Imiquimod can be applied in an efficacious and well-tolerated fashion to treat skin cancer. By titrating its dosing for angiogenesis inhibitory activity and not for gross inflammation,. A number of Phase II trials have demonstrated the efficacy of imquimod for the treatment of BCC.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Daily dosing of imiquimod for five consecutive days led to diminished production of IFN in mice as measured after the final dose."( Cytokine induction in mice by the immunomodulator imiquimod.
Miller, RL; Reiter, MJ; Testerman, TL; Tomai, MA; Weeks, CE, 1994)		0.88
" Further investigation of imiquimod as an interferon-inducing agent in cancer patients is suggested at either the lower dose levels or employing alternative dosing schedules."( A phase I clinical trial of imiquimod, an oral interferon inducer, administered daily.
Gore, ME; Horton, V; Moore, J; Owens, M; Savage, P; Witt, P, 1996)		0.89
" All completed the dose-escalation phase of weekly dosing at 100-mg increments and received at least one maintenance dose, 100 mg below the patient's toxic dose, for 12 weeks."( Administration of imiquimod, an interferon inducer, in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons to determine safety and biologic response modification.
Cooper, DA; Couldwell, D; Cunningham, P; Goldstein, D; Hertzog, P; McCarville, S; Newell, M; Owens, M; Parrish, S; Tomkinson, E, 1998)		0.63
" The dosing regimen found to best balance efficacy, side-effects and practicality is 5% imiquimod cream applied overnight by the patient three times weekly until warts clear, for up to 16 weeks."( Imiquimod in clinical practice.
Edwards, L, 1998)		1.97
"In this population of 35 patients with BCC, 24 received imiquimod 5% cream and 11 received vehicle cream in 1 of 5 dosing regimens for up to 16 weeks."( Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream.
Beutner, KR; Fox, TL; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Helman, D; Owens, ML, 1999)		0.78
"BCC cleared (on the basis of histologic examination) in all 15 patients (100%) dosed twice daily, once daily, and 3 times weekly; in 3 of 5 (60%) patients dosed twice weekly; 2 of 4 (50%) dosed once weekly; and in 1 of 11 (9%) treated with vehicle."( Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream.
Beutner, KR; Fox, TL; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Helman, D; Owens, ML, 1999)		0.53
" Thus, imiquimod 5% cream administered 3 times/week was the optimal dosing regimen in the treatment of penile warts in uncircumcised men."( Safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of penile genital warts in uncircumcised men when applied three times weekly or once per day.
Barasso, R; Carey-Yard, M; Eul, A; Gollnick, H; Jappe, U; Milde, K; Ward, K, 2001)		1.08
" The dosing schedule and length of treatment for Bowen's disease require further evaluation."( Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease.
de Launey, J; Kossard, S; Mackenzie-Wood, A; Owens, ML; Wilkinson, B, 2001)		1.75
"We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label dose-response trial of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of primary sBCC assessing efficacy and safety of different dose regimens."( Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results of a multicenter 6-week dose-response trial.
Amies, M; Bryden, J; Fox, TL; Gebauer, K; Marks, R; Owens, ML; Shumack, S, 2001)		1.98
" There was a significant increase in the incidence and severity of local skin reactions including erythema, vesicle formation, ulceration, and excoriation as the dosing frequency increased from three times a week to three times a day."( Treatment of external genital warts in men using 5% imiquimod cream applied three times a week, once daily, twice daily, or three times a day.
Brown, DR; Douglas, JM; Ferenczy, A; Fife, KH; Owens, ML; Smith, M, 2001)		0.56
"In this study, the optimal dosage regimen was the approved three times a week regimen."( Treatment of external genital warts in men using 5% imiquimod cream applied three times a week, once daily, twice daily, or three times a day.
Brown, DR; Douglas, JM; Ferenczy, A; Fife, KH; Owens, ML; Smith, M, 2001)		0.56
"Imiquimod cream at a dosing regimen of three times per week, is effective and has an acceptable safety profile in the treatment of prepuce associated warts and other external anogenital warts in uncircumcised males."( Imiquimod 5% cream is an acceptable treatment option for external anogenital warts in uncircumcised males.
Bowman, CA; Goh, BT; Kinghorn, GR; Maw, RD; Nathan, M; Nayagam, AT, 2002)		3.2
"The objective of this phase II dose-response study was to explore various dosing regimens using imiquimod 5% cream for sBCC to find the most effective frequency of dosing with tolerable side effects."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.
Andres, K; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Gross, K; Owens, M; Pandya, A; Rich, P, 2002)		1.98
"Patients (n = 128) were dosed twice daily, once daily, 5 times a week, or 3 times a week in this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.
Andres, K; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Gross, K; Owens, M; Pandya, A; Rich, P, 2002)		1.76
" Daily or 5 times a week dosing for 12 weeks demonstrated high efficacy results with acceptable safety profiles."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.
Andres, K; Geisse, JK; Ginkel, A; Gross, K; Owens, M; Pandya, A; Rich, P, 2002)		1.76
"To establish a safe and efficacious dosing regimen for the treatment of primary nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using 5% imiquimod cream."( Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens.
Amies, M; Andres, K; Golitz, L; Greenway, H; Kossard, S; Owens, M; Robinson, J; Schroeter, A; Shumack, S, 2002)		0.83
"Two phase 2 studies were conducted: a 6-week, randomized, open-label, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens and a 12-week, randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens."( Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens.
Amies, M; Andres, K; Golitz, L; Greenway, H; Kossard, S; Owens, M; Robinson, J; Schroeter, A; Shumack, S, 2002)		0.63
" A trend in increased rates of local adverse events at the application site and a delay in lesion healing with more frequent dosing suggested a pharmacologic effect."( Imiquimod 5-percent cream does not alter the natural history of recurrent herpes genitalis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Conant, M; Schacker, TW; Smith, M; Stanczak, T; Thoming, C; Wang, Z, 2002)		1.76
"Our aim was to study the potential efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of facial or scalp AKs and improve the safety profile by using a novel "cycle" dosing regimen."( Cycle therapy of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp with 5% topical imiquimod cream: An open-label trial.
Levine, N; Morrison, L; Salasche, SJ, 2002)		0.79
" The identification of a therapeutic interval may prove to be beneficial in formulating individualized dosing regimens."( Cycle therapy of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp with 5% topical imiquimod cream: An open-label trial.
Levine, N; Morrison, L; Salasche, SJ, 2002)		0.55
"Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of occlusion at low dosing frequencies on the safety and efficacy of topical imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular BCC."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion.
Andres, K; Bichel, J; Ding, L; Herrera, E; Ruzicka, T; Sterry, W; Takwale, A; Thissen, MR, 2002)		1.96
" Occlusion did not have a statistically significant effect on response rate at either dosing frequency."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion.
Andres, K; Bichel, J; Ding, L; Herrera, E; Ruzicka, T; Sterry, W; Takwale, A; Thissen, MR, 2002)		1.76
"In the superficial study, the complete response rate of 87% in the 3 days per week with occlusion group was similar to that of daily and 5 days per week dosing without occlusion in a previous 12-week study and one study of daily dosing without occlusion for 6 weeks."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion.
Andres, K; Bichel, J; Ding, L; Herrera, E; Ruzicka, T; Sterry, W; Takwale, A; Thissen, MR, 2002)		1.76
" The dosing schedule and length of treatment requires further evaluation."( Experience in treating molluscum contagiosum in children with imiquimod 5% cream.
Bayerl, C; Feller, G; Goerdt, S, 2003)		0.56
" A number of Phase II trials have demonstrated the efficacy of imiquimod for the treatment of BCC, although the most appropriate dosing regimen is being confirmed in Phase III studies."( The use of Toll-like receptor-7 agonist in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: an overview.
Garcia-Bartels, C; Schmook, T; Sterry, W; Stockfleth, E; Trefzer, U; Wegner, T, 2003)		0.56
" The objective of this clinical study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and safety of topical imiquimod during multiple dosing of AK subjects."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face, scalp, or hands and arms.
Greene, RJ; Harrison, LI; Kurup, S; Marbury, TC; McKane, S; Owens, ML; Skinner, SL, 2004)		0.83
" Subjects with one sBCC were dosed with imiquimod or vehicle cream once daily 5 or 7x/week for 6 weeks in these 2 randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled Phase III studies."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies.
Caro, I; Geisse, J; Golitz, L; Lindholm, J; Owens, M; Stampone, P, 2004)		2.03
" The difference in clearance rates between the two imiquimod dosing groups was not significant."( Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies.
Caro, I; Geisse, J; Golitz, L; Lindholm, J; Owens, M; Stampone, P, 2004)		2.02
" Four groups of BCC (A, B, C, and D) and two dosing regimens were studied: 35 BCCs (groups A, B, and C) were treated with imiquimod three times weekly and 20 BCCs (group D) were treated with imiquimod five times weekly."( Open study of the efficacy and mechanism of action of topical imiquimod in basal cell carcinoma.
Alomar, A; Matías-Guiu, X; Vidal, D, 2004)		0.77
"Tumors cleared or the target tumor area was reduced in subjects in the 4- and 6-week dosing regimens."( 5% imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
Berkes, B; González, S; Marra, D; Morgan, B; Niemeyer, A; Owens, M; Schanbacher, C; Torres, A, 2004)		0.94
"The 5% imiquimod cream dosed 3 times weekly for 16 weeks is safe and effective for the treatment of AK."( Dosing with 5% imiquimod cream 3 times per week for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled trials.
Korman, N; Lee, JH; Ling, M; Matheson, R; McKane, S; Moy, R; Smith, S, 2005)		1.14
" Patients applied imiquimod or vehicle cream to AK lesions on the face or balding scalp, dosing three times per week or two times per week for 16 weeks."( Long-term clinical outcomes following treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod 5% cream.
Andres, KL; Harwell, WB; Lee, JH; Lee, PK; Loven, KH; Phillips, TJ; Whiting, DA, 2005)		0.89
" Given that patients often apply the cream themselves at home, further dosing variability is expected and, consequently, accurate comparison of the results of different published studies is difficult."( Design and physicochemical characterisation of a bioadhesive patch for dose-controlled topical delivery of imiquimod.
Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA; Woolfson, AD; Zawislak, AA, 2006)		0.55
" Future investigation might be aimed at elucidating optimal dosing to minimize adverse events without detriment to efficacy, and evaluating long-term recurrence."( Imiquimod for actinic keratosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Derry, S; Hadley, G; Moore, RA, 2006)		1.78
" However, studies to define the ideal dosing regimen and cost-effectiveness are required before it can be accepted as a recognized therapy."( Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Chawla, M; Finlay, AY; Goodwin, R; Laidler, P; Motley, RJ; Patel, GK; Price, PE, 2006)		1.78
" However, dosing with masked oral prodrugs of TLR7 agonists, such as ANA-975, limits the adverse events associated with the activation of responsive gastrointestinal immune tissue."( Masked oral prodrugs of toll-like receptor 7 agonists: a new approach for the treatment of infectious disease.
Averett, D; Fletcher, S; Steffy, K, 2006)		0.33
" Vehicle-controlled, phase III clinical trials show that imiquimod is safe and effective for treating superficial basal cell carcinoma with dosing 5 or 7 times per week for 6 weeks."( Two-year interim results from a 5-year study evaluating clinical recurrence of superficial basal cell carcinoma after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream daily for 6 weeks.
Gebauer, K; Owens, M; Quirk, C; Stampone, P, 2006)		0.78
" This compound may represent an alternative treatment in patients with erythroplasia of Queyrat, although the dosing schedule and treatment duration require further evaluation."( Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream.
De Pasquale, R; Micali, G; Nasca, MR, 2006)		0.6
"A 4-week course of treatment with three times weekly dosing of imiquimod 5% cream, with a repeated course of treatment for those patients who fail to clear after the first course of treatment, is a safe and effective treatment for AK."( Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
Alomar, A; Bichel, J; McRae, S, 2007)		0.8
"A shorter dosing regimen of imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis may be effective, with long-term clinical benefits."( Vehicle-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of imiquimod 5% cream applied 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment for actinic keratoses on the head.
Dinehart, S; Fielder, S; Fox, TL; Jorizzo, J; Lee, JH; Ling, M; Matheson, R; McRae, S; Moore, JK, 2007)		0.88
"This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of two cycled dosing regimens of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC)."( A randomized parallel study to assess the safety and efficacy of two different dosing regimens of 5% imiquimod in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma.
Dawe, RS; Ezughah, FI; Fleming, CJ; Ibbotson, SH, 2008)		0.78
"Patients (n = 32) were randomized to receive one of two treatment regimens: 8 weeks of treatment with once-daily dosing for alternate weeks (R1) and 5 weeks of once-daily dosing with a 1-week interval in the middle of the course (R2)."( A randomized parallel study to assess the safety and efficacy of two different dosing regimens of 5% imiquimod in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma.
Dawe, RS; Ezughah, FI; Fleming, CJ; Ibbotson, SH, 2008)		0.56
" Dosing continued for 16 weeks regardless of lesion clearance."( Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients.
Amerio, P; Bichel, J; Euvrard, S; Guidi, B; Proby, CM; Rønnevig, J; Slade, HB; Stockfleth, E; Ulrich, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2007)		0.54
" By titrating its dosing for angiogenesis inhibitory activity and not for gross inflammation, imiquimod can be applied in an efficacious and well-tolerated fashion to treat skin cancer."( Antiangiogenesis in the treatment of skin cancer.
Li, VW; Li, WW, 2008)		0.57
" Peak serum imiquimod concentrations following single and multiple dosing were low (< 10 ng/mL)."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children.
Eichenfield, LF; Fielder, SL; Kolb, VB; Levy, ML; Meng, TC; Myhre, PE, )		0.8
"Although the effectiveness of daily dosing regimens of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCC) has been documented by recent studies, concerns about long-term outcome remain."( Confirmation of histological clearance of superficial basal cell carcinoma with multiple serial sectioning and Mohs' micrographic surgery following treatment with imiquimod 5% cream.
Affleck, AG; Evans, A; Ezughah, FI; Fleming, CJ; Ibbotson, SH, 2008)		0.79
"We sought to explore the efficacy and safety of a once weekly for 24 weeks dosing regimen using a left versus right side of head design."( Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized pilot study of imiquimod 5% cream applied once per week for 6 months for the treatment of actinic keratoses.
Itenberg, S; Lebwohl, M; Stern, DW; Uliasz, A; Zeichner, JA, 2009)		0.6
"5 milliseconds pulse duration; spot size 7 mm using a light dosage of 10 J/cm2 with cryogen spray cooling."( Pilot study examining the combined use of pulsed dye laser and topical Imiquimod versus laser alone for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks.
Chang, CJ; Hsiao, YC; Mihm, MC; Nelson, JS, 2008)		0.58
"Clinical studies in cutaneous conditions other than actinic keratosis (AK) have revealed that the safety and efficacy profile of imiquimod is influenced by dosing frequency."( Effect of dosing frequency on the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of actinic keratosis on the forearms and hands: a phase II, randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Cowen, PS; Gebauer, K; Shumack, S, 2009)		0.8
"To evaluate dosing frequency response of imiquimod 5% for treatment of AK."( Effect of dosing frequency on the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of actinic keratosis on the forearms and hands: a phase II, randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Cowen, PS; Gebauer, K; Shumack, S, 2009)		0.86
" No patients discontinued for adverse events; 1 interrupted dosing for an application site ulcer."( Pharmacokinetics of daily self-application of imiquimod 3.75% cream in adult patients with external anogenital warts.
Adams, MP; Barry, GT; Feldman, R; Kulp, J; Levy, S; Wu, J, 2012)		0.64
" These drugs were incorporated in conventional dosage forms or loaded in lipid nanocarries, which have been used mainly for improved skin delivery and antileishmanial activity."( Drug delivery systems for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Aguiar, MG; Carneiro, G; Fernandes, AP; Ferreira, LA, 2012)		0.38
" Insights into the most promising delivery strategies to improve treatment of CL with PA and AmB using conventional dosage forms, lipid nanocarriers, and combined therapy are presented and discussed."( Drug delivery systems for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Aguiar, MG; Carneiro, G; Fernandes, AP; Ferreira, LA, 2012)		0.38
"Cidofovir cream could be a useful therapeutic alternative, although further studies are required to establish the best dosage and its cost-effectiveness."( [Treatment of anogenital warts with topical cidofovir].
de Troya-Martín, M; Del Boz, J; Fernández-Morano, T; Frieyro-Elichegui, M; Padilla-España, L; Repiso, JB, 2013)		0.39
"75% is a new agent with fewer side effects and perhaps a better dosing schedule than imquimod 5%, but is not more effective."( Update on the treatment of genital warts.
Scheinfeld, N, 2013)		0.39
" Although small-molecule microarrays are a promising platform for miniaturized screening, it has been a challenge to use them to obtain quantitative dose-response curves in vitro, especially for lipophilic compounds."( Quantitative dose-response curves from subcellular lipid multilayer microarrays.
Chadwick, BP; Darrow, EM; Davidson, MW; Kusi-Appiah, AE; Lenhert, S; Lowry, TW; Wilson, KA, 2015)		0.42
" Although upregulation of genes MxA, GRAMD1A and DMXL2 suggested that IMQ treatment did induce skin changes in psoriasis patients, more optimal dosing of IMQ and NB-UVB might be necessary to achieve desired treatment responses."( Does imiquimod pretreatment optimize 308-nm excimer laser (UVB) therapy in psoriasis patients?
Cooper, KD; Groft, S; Honda, K; McCormick, TS; Oyetakin-White, P; Soler, DC; Tacastacas, JD; Young, A, 2017)		0.97
" A-SAA proteins were dosed by ELISA or immunonephelemetry assay."( Interleukin-17A-induced production of acute serum amyloid A by keratinocytes contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis.
Bernard, FX; Bodet, C; Buffière-Morgado, A; Camus, M; Couderc, E; Favot, L; Garcia, M; Guillet, G; Huguier, V; Jégou, JF; Lacombe, C; Lecron, JC; Levillain, P; Mcheik, J; Morel, F; Paquier, C; Pohin, M; Yssel, H, 2017)		0.46
" Insufficient dosing regimens or prolonged treatment with TK inhibitors result in the local selection of pre-existing mutant HSV viruses."( [Acyclovir-resistant perineal HSV infection revealing chronic lymphoid leukaemia].
Bulai Livideanu, C; Casassa, EA; Fortenfant, F; Gaudin, C; Konstantinou, MP; Lamant, L; Mengelle, C; Nicol, P; Paul, C; Viraben, R, 2018)		0.48
" Several dosing regimens have been studied in the literature."( A Review on Imiquimod Therapy and Discussion on Optimal Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas.
Arora, H; Darwin, E; Kamath, P; Nouri, K, 2018)		0.86
" Results- Low dosage imiquimod significantly attenuated hematoma volume, brain edema, BBB permeability, and neurological deficits after ICH."( TLR7 (Toll-Like Receptor 7) Facilitates Heme Scavenging Through the BTK (Bruton Tyrosine Kinase)-CRT (Calreticulin)-LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1)-Hx (Hemopexin) Pathway in Murine Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Budbazar, E; Guo, Z; Krafft, PR; Tang, J; Tong, L; Wang, G; Xue, F; Zhang, JH, 2018)		0.8
"At the beginning of the 20th century, a new immunomodulator molecule, imiquimod, appears in the market for the treatment of actinic keratosis but suffers from the pitfalls of the conventional approach of dosage form preparation including high dose, poor stability and more side effects."( Actinic keratosis and imiquimod: a review of novel carriers and patents.
Katare, OP; Sharma, G; Sharma, M; Singh, B, 2019)		1.06
" For in vivo studies, we dosed imiquimod (IMQ) -induced mice with Diosgenin and conducted hematoxylin-eosin (HE), TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate histological changes, apoptosis and the status of keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal differentiation, vascularity and cutaneous inflammatory cell infiltration respectively."( The potential of Diosgenin in treating psoriasis: Studies from HaCaT keratinocytes and imiquimod-induced murine model.
Huang, C; Le, K; Sun, Y; Wu, S; Xie, M; Xu, M; Zhao, M, 2020)		1.07
" While oral administration OTX015 in IMQ-treated mice reduced disease severity, ABBV075 equally decreased the symptoms and molecular and cellular severity markers at one-tenth of the minimal dosing required for OTX015."( A monocyte-keratinocyte-derived co-culture assay accurately identifies efficacies of BET inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for psoriasiform dermatitis.
Chong, J; Hsu, DK; Huynh, M; Hwang, ST; Mendoza, L; Shi, Z; Wu, X; Yamada, D, 2020)		0.56
" In the literature to date, studies evaluating the use of imiquimod to treat LM have utilised varying methodologies and provided short follow-up and these limitations have impaired the development of clear guidelines for dosage and management of side effects."( A practical guide on the use of imiquimod cream to treat lentigo maligna.
Fogarty, GB; Guitera, P; Hong, A; O'Donnell, BA; Paton, E; Pellacani, G; Scolyer, RA; Stretch, JR; Waddell, A, 2021)		1.15
" Treatment with imiquimod was self-administered in a slowly escalating dosage scheme up to three times per week for a period of 4-6 months."( Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Boandl, A; Bogner, G; Ciresa-König, A; Holter, M; Jan, Z; Joura, EA; Kalteis, MS; Regauer, S; Reich, O; Schauer, C; Tamussino, K; Trutnovsky, G; Widschwendter, A, 2022)		1.5
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
interferon inducerAn agent that promotes the production and release of interferons.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
imidazoquinoline
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Toll-Like Receptor Pathway 2322

Protein Targets (28)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.68380.000811.382244.6684AID686978
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.96680.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.78250.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.00240.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224893
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.34060.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.13340.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075; AID743079; AID743091
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.00810.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.43920.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency100.00000.022421.010289.1251AID485314
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.61460.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.41250.15855.287912.5893AID540303
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.41250.15855.287912.5893AID540303
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.41250.15855.287912.5893AID540303
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.58670.004611.374133.4983AID624296; AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency16.13660.005612.367736.1254AID624032
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.88320.002319.595674.0614AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1473738
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.50600.02202.298710.0000AID625270
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.48100.00062.197310.0000AID625270
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2.62100.00020.75688.8970AID625200
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.28800.00000.360910.0000AID625200
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)5.32000.00071.559410.0000AID625195
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.98700.00001.06099.7920AID625195
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.64600.05201.20935.6000AID1679179
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Toll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)270.00000.48004.26369.0000AID719614
Toll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)8.22000.00721.57446.8000AID1068405; AID1504602; AID1556486; AID1646838; AID484311; AID719613
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (257)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastric acid secretionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
immune responseHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergicAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
phagocytosisAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
cellular defense responseAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
central nervous system developmentAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perceptionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
blood circulationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmissionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compoundAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
response to caffeineAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergicAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volumeAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
vasodilationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
eating behaviorAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeabilityAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleepAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesisAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responseAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transportAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentialAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
purine nucleoside catabolic process7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repair7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
male gonad development7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
DNA protection7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
response to cadmium ion7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein phosphorylationToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to virusToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin mediated immune responseToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-12 productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-alpha productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-beta productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type II interferon productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 productionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathwayToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor signaling pathwayToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein phosphorylationToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
I-kappaB phosphorylationToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
JNK cascadeToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-alpha productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-beta productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type II interferon productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathwayToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage cytokine productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
response to cGMPToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor signaling pathwayToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (85)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activityAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin bindingAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
dATP diphosphatase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
snoRNA binding7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP diphosphatase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
2-hydroxy-ATP hydrolase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
2-hydroxy-dATP hydrolase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
N6-methyl-(d)ATP hydrolase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolase activity7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded RNA bindingToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
single-stranded RNA bindingToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
pattern recognition receptor activityToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded RNA bindingToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
single-stranded RNA bindingToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
siRNA bindingToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
pattern recognition receptor activityToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (55)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
intermediate filamentAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
axolemmaAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapseAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zoneAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseAdenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicle7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular space7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleus7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosol7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphataseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
endolysosome membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneToll-like receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomeToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
endosomeToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
early phagosomeToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
endolysosome membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneToll-like receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (127)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID719613Agonist activity at human TLR7 transfected in HEK cells assessed as NFkappaB induction after 24 hrs by specific secreted alkaline phosphatase gene assay2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID341177Toxic induction of TNFalpha level in human PBMC assessed as drug level causing maximal cytokine induction after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID1068403Agonist activity at TLR7/TLR8 in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as induction of TNF-alpha production at 30 uM after 3 days by flow cytometric analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID1068400Agonist activity at TLR7/TLR8 in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as induction of IL-10 production at 30 uM after 3 days by flow cytometric analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID433907Cytotoxicity against human A375 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 44, Issue:9
New imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives: synthesis and in vitro activity against human melanoma.
AID1646855Solubility of the compound at >100 uM2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID341175Antiviral activity against HCV infected human Huh7 replicon cells treated with 20 uM drug-induced human PBMC supernatants assessed as viral levels in presence of type I IFN receptor antibody by luciferase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID341170Antiviral activity against HCV infected human Huh7 replicon cells assessed as viral levels by luciferase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1504615Immunostimulatory activity in human PBMC assessed as increase in TNFalpha levels at 0.39 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1504605Agonist activity at human TLR8 expressed in HEK cells at 180 uM after 8 to 12 hrs by NFkappaB/SEAP reporter gene assay2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID484312Agonist activity at human TLR8 expressed in NF-kappaB-stimulated HEK293 cells assessed as induction of secreted alkaline phosphatase expression by reporter gene assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationships in human toll-like receptor 7-active imidazoquinoline analogues.
AID719614Agonist activity at human TLR8 transfected in HEK cells assessed as NFkappaB induction after 24 hrs by specific secreted alkaline phosphatase gene assay2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID341161Toxic induction of IL6 level in human PBMC assessed as drug level causing maximal cytokine induction after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1646849Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as maximal increase in TNFalpha secretion at 20 uM after 30 to 48 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID406725Cytotoxicity against human RPMI7591 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID1646840Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as TNFalpha secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 8 +/- 2 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1556491Induction of TNFalpha production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml incubated for 24 hrs by flow cytometry analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with novel chromeno[3,4-d]imidazol-4(1H)-one and 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline/ quinazoline-4-amine scaffolds.
AID484311Agonist activity at human TLR7 expressed in NF-kappaB-stimulated HEK293 cells assessed as induction of secreted alkaline phosphatase expression by reporter gene assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationships in human toll-like receptor 7-active imidazoquinoline analogues.
AID244777Minimum effective concentration required to induce interferon (IFN) production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10
Synthesis and structure-activity-relationships of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines that induce interferon production.
AID1068405Agonist activity at human TLR-7 expressed in HEK293 cells after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID341172Increase in IFNalpha level in human PBMC after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID406727Cytotoxicity against human LS174T cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID719610Immunomodulatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as IL-1beta production at 30 uM after 3 days by FACS flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 26.2 +/- 3.7 pg/mL)2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID406726Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID406728Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID1646850Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as maximal increase in IL-12 secretion at 20 uM after 30 to 48 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1068401Agonist activity at TLR7/TLR8 in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as induction of IL-12p40 production at 30 uM after 3 days by flow cytometric analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1646841Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as IL-12 secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 18 +/- 8 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID719609Immunomodulatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as TNFalpha production at 30 uM after 3 days by FACS flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 91.3 +/- 34.5 pg/mL)2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID1068404Agonist activity at human TLR-8 expressed in HEK293 cells after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1646854Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as increase in IFN-gamma secretion at 20 uM measured over 24 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1504613Immunostimulatory activity in human PBMC assessed as increase in IL-1beta levels at 0.39 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID1504612Immunostimulatory activity in human PBMC assessed as increase in IL-12p70 levels at 0.39 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID1679178Agonist activity at TLR7 in human PBMC assessed as induction of IN-12 stimulation2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 59, Issue:6
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of MTH1 Probe Its Role in Cancer Cell Survival.
AID1442705Immunomodulatory activity in human PBMC assessed as induction of IL-6 secretion at 5 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7
1-ethyl-3-(6-methylphenanthridine-8-il) urea modulates TLR3/9 activation and induces selective pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro.
AID341169Antiviral activity against HCV infected human Huh7 replicon cells treated with drug-induced human PBMC supernatants assessed as viral levels by luciferase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID1504614Immunostimulatory activity in human PBMC assessed as increase in IFNgamma levels at 0.39 to 50 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1556486Agonist activity at human TLR7 in HEK293 cells cotransfected with SEAP reporter gene assessed as activity of SEAP incubated for 24 hrs by quanti-blue staining based SEAP reporter gene assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with novel chromeno[3,4-d]imidazol-4(1H)-one and 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline/ quinazoline-4-amine scaffolds.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1646851Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as maximal increase in IFN-gamma secretion at 20 uM after 30 to 48 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID406723Cytotoxicity against human A375 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID1646838Agonist activity at human TLR7 expressed in HEK-Blue cells assessed as induction of NFkappaB activation by measuring increase in SEAP level by SEAP reporter gene-based UV-vis absorbance method2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1646842Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as IL-6 secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 310 +/- 90 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1068402Agonist activity at TLR7/TLR8 in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as induction of IL-1beta production at 30 uM after 3 days by flow cytometric analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction.
AID719612Immunomodulatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as IL-10 production at 30 uM after 3 days by FACS flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 16.2 +/- 4.7 pg/mL)2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID341160Induction of IFNalpha2a level in human PBMC assessed as drug level causing maximal cytokine induction after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1646852Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as increase in TNFalpha secretion at 20 uM measured over 24 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1646845Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as IFNgamma secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 0.4 +/- 0.7 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID406724Cytotoxicity against human M4Be cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 16, Issue:13
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activities of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives.
AID133109Minimum effective dose required for more than 100 IU/mL induction of IFN using mice after peroral administration.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Discovery of 8-hydroxyadenines as a novel type of interferon inducer.
AID1556490Induction of IL-12p70 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml incubated for 24 hrs by flow cytometry analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with novel chromeno[3,4-d]imidazol-4(1H)-one and 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline/ quinazoline-4-amine scaffolds.
AID1556488Induction of IL-8 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml incubated for 24 hrs by flow cytometry analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with novel chromeno[3,4-d]imidazol-4(1H)-one and 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline/ quinazoline-4-amine scaffolds.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID341171Increase in 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthase level in human PBMC after 24 hrs by PCR method relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID1646844Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as IL-2 secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 47 +/- 20 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID132946Minimum effective concentration required for more than 1 IU/mL induction of IFN using mice spleen cells2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Discovery of 8-hydroxyadenines as a novel type of interferon inducer.
AID1645924Antiviral activity against HCV2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 164A review on HCV inhibitors: Significance of non-structural polyproteins.
AID1646843Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as IL-10 secretion at 20 uM after 29 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 33 +/- 16 pg/ml)2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID341159Toxic induction of IL1-beta level in human PBMC assessed as drug level causing maximal cytokine induction after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
AID719611Immunomodulatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMDC assessed as IL-12p40 production at 30 uM after 3 days by FACS flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 260.6 +/- 11.9 pg/mL)2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-14, Volume: 3, Issue:6
Discovery of Imidazoquinolines with Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Independent Cytokine Induction.
AID1646853Agonist activity at TLR7/8 in dog PBMC assessed as increase in IL-12 secretion at 20 uM measured over 24 hrs by ELISA2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of imidazoquinolines; identification of potent C7-substituted imidazoquinolines.
AID1679179Inhibition of MTH1 (unknown origin) using 8-oxo-dGTP as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by PPiLight detection reagent based luminescence assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 59, Issue:6
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of MTH1 Probe Its Role in Cancer Cell Survival.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1504602Agonist activity at human TLR7 expressed in HEK cells after 8 to 12 hrs by NFkappaB/SEAP reporter gene assay2017ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-09, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745855NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (3,052)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19903 (0.10)18.7374
1990's57 (1.87)18.2507
2000's907 (29.72)29.6817
2010's1351 (44.27)24.3611
2020's734 (24.05)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 96.93

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index96.93 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.17 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.56 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index192.70 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.19 (0.95)

This Compound (96.93)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials284 (8.70%)5.53%
Reviews454 (13.91%)6.00%
Case Studies744 (22.79%)4.05%
Observational15 (0.46%)0.25%
Other1,767 (54.14%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (167)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Open-label, Single-arm Pilot Study of the Effects of Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream on Preventing Keloid Recurrence After Surgical Keloidectomy [NCT03760250]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-05Terminated(stopped due to Investigator decision)
Open Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerance of Imiquimod 5% Cream for the Treatment of a Large and/or Multiple Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma. [NCT00189280]Phase 3111 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-05-31Completed
A Phase 1/2 Study of SL-701, a Subcutaneously Injected Multivalent Glioma-Associated Antigen Vaccine, in Adult Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) [NCT02078648]Phase 1/Phase 274 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Effect of Topical Imiquimod on Lentigo Maligna [NCT01161888]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
Evaluation of Topical Application of 5% Imiquimod, 0.05% Imiquimod and 0.05% Nanoencapsulated Imiquimod Gel in the Treatment of Actinic Cheilitis: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04219358]Phase 149 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-23Terminated(stopped due to Study terminated because of COVID19 pandemics.)
Characterization of the Toll-like Receptor 7-agonist Imiquimod 3.75% as a New Surrogate Model of Itch [NCT03943407]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to The Imiquimod 3.75% was ineffective)
An Investigator-Initiated Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod 3.75% Cream When Used After Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Actinic Keratoses (AK) on Dorsal Hands and Forearms [NCT01229319]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-10-31Recruiting
Combination Therapy of Topical Imiquimod Plus Multipeptide Vaccination for Cutaneous Metastases of Melanoma [NCT01264731]Phase 14 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
ITIC2 Trial - Topical Imiquimod Versus Conization to Treat Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Randomised Controlled, Non-inferiority Trial [NCT01283763]Phase 395 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Terminated(stopped due to poor recruitment)
Topical Imiquimod in Treating Patients With Grade 2/3 Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia [NCT00941252]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
[NCT01567683]Phase 10 participants InterventionalCompleted
Vaccination of Patients With Ovarian Cancer With Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions With GM-CSF and Imiquimod [NCT00799110]Phase 223 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-08-31Active, not recruiting
Betaglucin 0.2% Gel Versus Imiquimod Cream 5% in the Treatment of Anogenital Warts in 102 Individuals Older Than 18 Years. [NCT03901690]Phase 3102 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-27Recruiting
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Long-Term Clinical Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied Once Daily 7 Days Per Week for 6 Weeks in the Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00189306]Phase 3169 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-03-31Completed
Phase I/II Study of Peptide Vaccination Associated With Tumoral Immunomodulation With Proinflammatory Cytokines and Imiquimod in Patients With Advanced Metastatic Melanoma [NCT01191034]Phase 1/Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Completion after 2 patients then stop due to end of validity of vaccine peptide)
Open-Label Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of AldaraTM (Imiquimod) Cream, 5% for One, Two, or Three Treatment Cycles to Surface Areas Greater Than 25 cm2 With Actinic Keratosis [NCT00116649]Phase 4551 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Phase I Trial of Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Children and Adults With Sarcoma [NCT01803152]Phase 119 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-06Active, not recruiting
Combination Therapy With Imiquimod Cream 5% and Tazarotene Cream 0.1% for the Treatment of Lentigo Maligna [NCT00707174]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of GX-188E, a DNA Therapeutic Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly by Electroporation, With GX-I7 Intravaginal Application or Imiquimod Topical Application in HPV16 and/or 18 Positive Pati [NCT03206138]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-30Recruiting
Pilot Study to Evaluate Two Different Non-invasive Techniques to Monitor the Clearance of Actinic Keratosis Lesions (Clinical and Sub-clinical), When Treated With Aldara 5% (Imiquimod) Cream [NCT00294320]Phase 312 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Completed
A Follow-up Study to Evaluate Actinic Keratosis Recurrence Rates One Year After Completion of the 1487-IMIQ Study [NCT00189254]72 participants Observational2005-04-30Completed
Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream for Vulvar Paget's Disease: Clinical Efficacy, Safety and Immunological Response [NCT02385188]Phase 325 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Completed
ANCHOR Study: Anal Cancer/HSIL Outcomes Research Study [NCT02135419]Phase 34,446 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-24Active, not recruiting
Topical Ingenol Mebutate Versus 5% 5-fluorouracil Versus 5% Imiquimod Versus Photodynamic Therapy in Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: a Multi-centre Randomized Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness Study [NCT02281682]Phase 4624 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Active, not recruiting
Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Cervicovaginal Mucosal Inflammation [NCT01593124]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Feasibility Study to Determine Effectiveness of 3.75% Topical Imiquimod Cream and Topical Vanos (Fluocinonide) Cream 0.1% in the Treatment of Early Stage Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma [NCT02301494]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-30Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants were enrolled in the study.)
Effectiveness and Safety of Intra-Dermal Hepatitis B Vaccination After Topical Application of IMIQUIMOD, in Cirrhotics Patients, Who Did Not Respond to the Conventional Vaccine Regimen: a Pilot Study [NCT05028322]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-01Not yet recruiting
A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine Administered Intradermally With or Without Topical Aldara(R) in Healthy Young Adults [NCT03472976]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-13Completed
A First-in-human Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of LFX453, After Multiple Topical Applications in Healthy Volunteers. [NCT02052687]Phase 141 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
A MultIceNTER Phase I Peptide VaCcine Trial to Exploit NeoePitope-Specific T Cells for the Treatment of H3-Mutated Gliomas - (INTERCEPT-H3) [NCT04808245]Phase 115 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-15Recruiting
A Feasibility Trial of Alternating Intravaginal Application of 5-Fluorouracil and Imiquimod for Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions [NCT03196180]Early Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-30Active, not recruiting
Treatment of Bolivian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With a Combination of Oral Miltefosine Plus Topical Imiquimod 5% [NCT01380314]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Phase I Study of Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Loaded With Brain Tumor Stem Cells for Recurrent or Progressive Malignant Gliomas [NCT01171469]Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
Gene and Protein Expression Profiles After Treatment of Actinic Keratoses [NCT05740969]Phase 248 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-01Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Vehicle-Controlled Study to Determine the Clinical Equivalence of a Generic Imiquimod Cream, 5% and Aldara™ Cream in Subjects With Actinic Keratosis [NCT00948428]Phase 3462 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Prevalence, Genetic Risk Factor and the Use of Intradermally-administered Inactivated Influenza Vaccine With Topical Imiquimod in Influenza Vaccine Non-responsive Children [NCT05315024]72 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-30Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Vehical-Controlled Study Comparing Imiquimod Cream, 5% (Apotex Inc.) to Aldara™ Cream, 5%(3M Pharmaceutials, U.S.) and Aldara™ Cream, 5%(3M Pharmaceuticals, Canada) in the Treatments of Actinic Keratosis. [NCT00859105]Phase 3497 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
iVAC-CLL01: Patient-individualized Peptide Vaccination After First Line Therapy of CLL [NCT02802943]Phase 256 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-05Completed
Vehicle-Controlled, Double-Blind Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied Once Daily 3 Days Per Week for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses in Immunosuppressed Organ Transplant Recipients. [NCT00189267]Phase 245 participants Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Intradermal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Young Adults, a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02103023]Phase 3160 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Long-term Effects of Aldara® 5% Cream and Solaraze® 3% Gel in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Face or Scalp With Respect to the Risk of Progression to In-situ and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma [NCT01453179]Phase 4221 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial of Non-inferiority of Topical Imiquimod vs. LEEP for Women With Carcinoma In-situ of the Cervix [NCT02130323]Phase 2/Phase 322 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-28Completed
"Treatment of High-Grade Pre-Neoplastic Cervical Lesions (CIN 2/3) Using a Novel Prime and Pull Strategy" [NCT02864147]Phase 2134 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Pilot Study of the Feasibility and Safety of a Personalized Peptide Vaccine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma or Colorectal Adenocarcinoma [NCT02600949]Phase 1150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-05-11Recruiting
An Open Monocentric Pilot Study to Investigate the Potential of Imiquimod 5% Cream to Detect Residual and to Prevent Recurrence of Lentigo Maligna After Surgical Excision [NCT01088737]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Active, not recruiting
Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream in the Treatment of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma After Initial Treatment With Curettage [NCT00314756]Phase 415 participants Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Phase 3b Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Imiquimod Cream Following Cryosurgery for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses [NCT00894647]Phase 3247 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
A Phase I Study With a Personalized NeoAntigen Cancer Vaccine Combined With Anti-PD-1 in Metastatic Melanoma [NCT04072900]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-21Recruiting
A Randomized, Phase III Study of Intra-anal Imiquimod 2.5% vs. Topical 5-fluorouracil 5% vs. Observation for the Treatment of High-grade Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-infected Men and Women [NCT02059499]Phase 391 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-28Active, not recruiting
An Investigator-initiated Study to Evaluate Genomic Markers of Immune Infiltration Before and After Treatment of Actinic Keratosis With Imiquimod 3.75% Cream [NCT03914417]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Single Blinded Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Imiquimod in Women With Residual/Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) After Previous Treatment [NCT02669459]Phase 3433 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-05-31Recruiting
An Open Label, Multicenter Phase 1-2 Study to Investigate the Effectiveness, Safety and Immunogenicity of a Monotherapy With Intradermal IMA910 Plus GM-CSF Following Pre-treatment With Low-dose Cyclophosphamide in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma Patients Wh [NCT00785122]Phase 1/Phase 292 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Imiquimod 5% Cream for the Treatment of Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00803907]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-12-31Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Four Weeks of Treatment With Imiquimod Creams for Actinic Keratoses [NCT00605176]Phase 3479 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Assessor-blinded, Split-face Study of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied After Cryotherapy of Actinic Keratoses [NCT00774787]Phase 427 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled Therapeutic Equivalence Study of Two Imiquimod Cream 5% Treatments for Patients With Actinic Keratosis [NCT00828568]Phase 1425 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
An Explorative, Single Center and Controlled Study to Analyze the Immune Escape Mechanisms of HPV-associated Lesions and to Evaluate the Efficiency and Mechanisms of Imiquimod Treatment of Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasias 2/3 (VIN) and Anogenital Warts [NCT00941811]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Clinical and Histological Analysis of Photoaging Treatment With Imiquimod Cream 5% [NCT01935310]17 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Pilot Study of Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream for Treatment of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Adults With Neurofibromatosis 1 [NCT00865644]Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Six Weeks of Treatment With Imiquimod Creams for Actinic Keratoses [NCT00603798]Phase 3490 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Combining Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream With a Pulsed Dye Laser to Treat Port Wine Stain Birthmarks [NCT00585247]27 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Comparison of Occlusive Dressings, Salicylate Ointment, Cryotherapy, Topical 5-fluoro-uracil and Imiquimod in Immunocompetent Patients Presenting Plantar Warts in Office-based Settings: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01059110]Phase 4358 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty to enrollment patients)
Phase IB Pilot Study of Epicutaneous Cryoimmunotherapy Combined With Pembrolizumab for Cutaneous Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT03982004]Phase 11 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-14Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision.)
A Phase I Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy With In Situ Maturation for Pediatric Brain Tumors [NCT01902771]Phase 11 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-03Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Accrual)
Randomized Phase II Trial of Cyclophosphamide With Allogeneic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) DRibble Vaccine Alone or With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor or Imiquimod for Adjuvant Treatment of Definitively-Treated Stage IIIA or IIIB [NCT01909752]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Imiquimod 5% Cream in Plaque-type Morphea: A Pilot, Prospective Open-label Study [NCT00230373]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study never started.)
Exploratory Clinical Trial of Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream as Window-of-opportunity Monotherapy for Early-stage Oral Cancer [NCT04883645]Early Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-04-28Active, not recruiting
Predicting Response In Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Topical Imiquimod Treatment [NCT05405270]410 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2022-06-01Recruiting
A Randomized Phase II Trial to Determine Whether the Application of Imiquimod Cream to the Vaccination Site Can Improve the Immune Responsiveness to Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT00596336]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment issues)
A Phase II Study of Imiquimod 5 % Cream for the Treatment of Hemangioma in Infancy [NCT00601016]Phase 218 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
Efficacy of Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccine in Renal Failure Patients [NCT02621112]Phase 2/Phase 394 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Topical Application of 5- ALA for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses [NCT00814528]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to The study never started due to the Principal Investigator leaving the institution)
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of CYT004-MelQbG10 Vaccine With or Without Immunostimulating Adjuvant in HLA-A2 Positive Patients With Stage III/IV Malignant Melanoma [NCT00651703]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
An Exploratory, Open-label Study of Sequential Field-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratoses of the Face With Imiquimod 3.75% Cream Followed by Photodynamic Therapy [NCT01203878]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Unable to reach target enrollment of 60 subjects)
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of GTL001 Vaccine Adjuvanted With Imiquimod Cream in HPV 16- and/or HPV 18-Infected Women Aged 25 to 65 Years, With Normal Cytology, ASCUS, or LSIL [NCT02689726]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Lack of efficacy in European Phase 2 study)
Intra-dermal With Topical Imiquimod Pretreatment Versus Intra-muscular Hepatitis B Vaccination in IBD Patients - a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04083157]Phase 2/Phase 3104 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-12Completed
Imiquimod/BTIC Lysate-Based Vaccine Immunotherapy for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Children and Young Adults [NCT01400672]Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-17Terminated(stopped due to Treatment ineffective; Extreme toxicity)
A Phase 1 Trial of Peptide-Based Glioma Vaccine IMA950 in Patients With Glioblastoma (GBM) [NCT01403285]Phase 16 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor accrual. This decision was taken without any safety reasons. Since beginning of the study (June 2011) only six patients were enrolled.)
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, 2-way Crossover Study to Assess the Potential Effect of Topically Applied Imiquimod Cream on Atrial Ectopy in Patients With Actinic Keratosis [NCT01413763]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Active, not recruiting
Aldara for the Treatment of Extensive Alopecia Areata [NCT00177021]Phase 420 participants Interventional2000-10-31Completed
Randomized Prospective Study Comparing 5% Imiquimod and Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Cheilitis [NCT00849992]Phase 453 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Open-Label Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied 3 Days Per Week in 1 or 2 Cycles for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Head [NCT00175643]Phase 320 participants Interventional2005-02-28Completed
A Randomized Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy if Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied 3 Times Per Week for 8 or 12 Weeks in the Treatment of Low Risk Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00204555]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-01-31Completed
Immunotherapy for Recurrent Ependymomas in Children Using Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-A2 Restricted Tumor Antigen Peptides in Combination With Imiquimod [NCT01795313]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-08-31Recruiting
Primary Imiquimod Treatment Versus Surgery for Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia [NCT01861535]Phase 3110 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Relevance of Imiquimod as Neo-adjuvant Treatment to Reduce Excision Size and the Risk of Intralesional Excision in Lentigo Malignant of the Face [NCT01720407]Phase 3259 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Prospective Phase I/II Study: Patient-individualized Peptide Vaccination Based on Whole Exome Sequencing With Adjuvant GM-CSF (Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor) in Children and Young Adults With Primary/Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemi [NCT03559413]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
Evaluation of Local Hyperthermia for the Treatment of Flat Warts After 4 Months: a Single-center, Single-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05146895]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-20Recruiting
TOPical Imiquimod Treatment of High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, a Multicenter, Open-label, Non-randomized, Controlled Study (TOPIC-3 Study) [NCT02917746]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Active, not recruiting
Pilot Study to Test the Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Imiquimod and Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma [NCT03276832]Early Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-20Active, not recruiting
Dendritic Cell Vaccine For Malignant Glioma and Glioblastoma Multiforme in Adult and Pediatric Subjects [NCT01808820]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-08-21Completed
Surgical Excision Versus Combined Treatment With Curettage and Imiquimod for Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma: an Open, Non-inferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02242929]Phase 3145 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Excisional Surgery Versus Imiquimod 5% Cream for Nodular and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00066872]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial of Imiquimod (Aldara) Versus Placebo Used in Combination With Pentavalent Antimony (Glucantime) in Peruvian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients [NCT00257530]Phase 380 participants Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Double-Blind Study of Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream Used as an Adjunct to Cryotherapy in the Management of Actinic Keratoses, With a Long-Term (1 Year) Follow-Up [NCT00110682]Phase 460 participants Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Safety and Immunogenicity of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine With Topical Imiquimod in Immunocompromised Patients: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial [NCT02960815]Phase 270 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Combining Topical Imiquimod With Local Radiotherapy for Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides [NCT05838599]Early Phase 125 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-01Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-label, Dose-escalation Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of UGN-301 (Zalifrelimab) Administered Intravesically as Monotherapy and in Combination With Other Agents in Patients With Recurrent NMIBC [NCT05375903]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-01Recruiting
Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study to Evaluate Cellular and Molecular Events During Four Weeks of Treatment for Actinic Keratosis With Aldara (Imiquimod) Cream, 5% [NCT00335179]Phase 217 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
Phase II Pilot Study With TMX 101 in Patients With Carcinoma In Situ (CIS) Bladder Cancer [NCT01731652]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
A Phase I Trial of Surgical Resection Followed by Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Pulsed With Tumor Lysate With Imiquimod for Patients With Malignant Glioma [NCT01792505]Phase 171 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Follow-up Study to Evaluate Actinic Keratosis Recurrence Rates One Year After Completion of the 1473-IMIQ Study [NCT00114023]84 participants Observational2005-01-31Completed
Vehicle-Controlled, Double-Blind Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Upper Extremities [NCT00115154]Phase 4270 participants Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Evaluation of Different Adjuvants for the Transdermal Administration of a Peptide-Based Vaccine in Participants With High-Risk Melanoma [NCT00118313]Phase 10 participants Interventional2004-11-04Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Imiquimod 5% Topical Cream in Plaque Morphea: A Prospective, Multiple Baseline, Open Label Pilot Study [NCT00147771]Phase 310 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Safety and Effectiveness Study of Imiquimod Creams in the Treatment of External Genital Warts [NCT00735462]Phase 3511 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Phase II Study of Topical Imiquimod and Weekly Abraxane for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Cutaneous Metastases [NCT00821964]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Phase II Evaluation of Imiquimod, a Topical Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Agonist in Breast Cancer Patients With Chest Wall Recurrence or Skin Metastases [NCT00899574]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
Phenotype and Cytokine Production Characteristics of T Cells From Alopecia Areata Scalp Skin Before and After Aldara 5% Cream Using Flow Cytometry [NCT00176943]Phase 420 participants Interventional2000-10-31Completed
Intron-A/Aldara Combination Therapy for BCC Excluding the Face and Scalp [NCT00581425]Phase 449 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A Pilot Study of the Treatment of Facial Nodular and Nodulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma With Double Curettage and Cautery Followed by Application of Imiquimod to the Base [NCT00463359]50 participants InterventionalNot yet recruiting
A Phase 1 Study of Peptide Vaccination for the Treatment of Patients With Solid Tumors Moderately Expressing HER2/Neu [NCT02276300]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream Therapy Versus Photodynamic Therapy With Methyl-aminolaevulinate 16% Cream of Actinic Keratoses in Organ Transplant Recipients [NCT01538901]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Terminated(stopped due to prolonged recruitment phase)
Phase II Topical Immunomodulatory Therapy With Imiquimod for the Chemoprevention of Recurrent and High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) [NCT00031759]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study to Evaluate Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Aldara™ (Imiquimod) Cream, 5% Applied Once or Twice a Day [NCT00079300]Phase 10 participants Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Open-label Study to Evaluate the Use of Imiquimod 5% Cream for Reducing Postsurgical Recurrence or Persistence of Basal Cell Carcinoma Following Excision by Curettage [NCT00129519]Phase 363 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
NY-ESO-1 Protein Vaccination in Malignant Melanoma Administered With Imiquimod as Adjuvant [NCT00142454]Phase 19 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-24Completed
A Pilot Study of Topical Imiquimod Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Extramammary Paget's Disease [NCT00504023]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effects of Imiquimod and Tumor Lysate Vaccine Immunotherapy for Adults With High Risk or Recurrent/Post-Chemotherapy WHO Grade II Gliomas [NCT01678352]Early Phase 119 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center, Efficacy and Safety Study of Imiquimod Creams in the Treatment of External Genital Warts [NCT00674739]Phase 3470 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Topical Imiquimod in Conjunction With Nd:YAG Laser for Tattoo Removal [NCT00638651]Phase 13 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
A Randomised Controlled Multicentre Trial of Imiquimod Versus Radiotherapy for Lentigo Maligna (LM) When Staged Surgical Excision With 5mm Margins is Not Possible, is Refused, or Fails [NCT02394132]Phase 3216 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-08-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Efficacy and Safety Study of HPV16-specific Therapeutic DNA-vaccinia Vaccination in Combination With Topical Imiquimod, in Patients With HPV16+ High Grade Cervical Dysplasia (CIN3) [NCT00788164]Phase 175 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
A Phase 1b, Multicenter Study to Determine the Dose, Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of TRK-950 When Used in Combinations With Selected Anti-Cancer Treatment Regimens in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT03872947]Phase 1169 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-04-26Recruiting
Laser and TLR-Agonist Immunotherapy: A Novel Autologous Melanoma Vaccine Study [NCT00453050]Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study to Determine the Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Imiquimod Cream, 3.75% and Zyclara™ (Imiquimod) Cream, 3.75% in Subjects With Actinic Keratoses [NCT01502020]410 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Intradermal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine With Topical Imiquimod, a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01508884]93 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Anal Dysplasia Study of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV [NCT01663558]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to funding not available)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Multicenter Study Comparing Imiquimod Cream, 3.75% to Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream, 3.75% in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis of the Face or Balding Scalp [NCT01686152]Phase 3589 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Design, Multiple Site, Clinical Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of Two Imiquimod Cream 3.75% Formulations in Patients With Actinic Keratosis. [NCT01788007]Phase 1443 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Immunologic Profile of Chronically Photodamaged Skin [NCT02889159]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-06-06Recruiting
A Randomized, Evaluator-blinded, Vehicle-controlled Study to Explore the Pharmacodynamic Effects of Omiganan and Omiganan in Combination With Imiquimod in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03071679]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-06Completed
A Pilot Study of DPV-001 DRibble Vaccine With Imiquimod in Advanced Prostate Cancer [NCT02234921]Phase 13 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-24Completed
Earliest Stage Treatment of Aktinic Keratosis With Imiquimod 3.75% Cream [NCT04842422]Phase 448 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-16Completed
Intradermal Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine With Topical Imiquimod in Elderly & Chronic Ill Subjects, a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04143451]Phase 34,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-23Recruiting
Phase III Trial of 6 Weeks of Imiquimod for the Treatment of Bowens Disease of the Head and Neck. Outcome is Histologic Clearance at 14 Weeks. [NCT00384124]Phase 2/Phase 350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-11-30Enrolling by invitation
Phase I, Dual Arm, Open-Label, Trial of Intralesional 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and Intralesional 5FU Combined With Topical Imiquimod in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lower Extremities [NCT03370406]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-03Recruiting
A Pilot Study of pnGVL4a-CRT/E7 (Detox) for the Treatment of Patients With HPV16+ Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) [NCT00988559]Phase 1132 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Short Term Neoadjuvant Sonidegib Followed by Surgery or Imiquimod in the Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas in Cosmetically Challenging Locations [NCT03534947]Phase 210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-07-23Recruiting
Efficacy of Tazarotene Versus Topical 5-Fluorouracil, and Imiquimod in The Treatment of Verruca Plana [NCT05314127]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-15Recruiting
[NCT01611480]Phase 20 participants InterventionalCompleted
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study to Determine the Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Imiquimod Cream, 2.5% and Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream, 2.5% in Subjects With Actinic Keratoses [NCT02120898]Phase 3467 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-10Completed
Coadministration of Genetically Attenuated Plasmodium Falciparum ∆mei2 (GA2) Sporozoites With Adjuvants - a Proof of Principle Study [NCT05468606]Early Phase 145 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-03Recruiting
Comparing Immune Responses to Topical Imiquimod [NCT04809662]110 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-03-16Active, not recruiting
The Effects of Aldara as an Adjunct to Laser Treatment of Port Wine Stains [NCT00979550]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Failure to enroll enough participants)
The Real Life Topical Field Treatment of Actinic Keratosis Study. An Observational Study Focusing on Patient Reported Outcomes [NCT02362152]1,168 participants (Actual)Observational2014-07-31Completed
Long-term Effects of Aldara® 5% Cream and Solaraze® 3% Gel in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Face or Scalp (LEIDA) [NCT00777127]Phase 4258 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Exploratory Evaluation of Imiquimod 5% Cream in the Treatment of External Genital or Perianal Warts in HIV+ Patients Treated With HAART (CD4+ ≥ 200 Cells mm3): An Open Labeled, Non-comparative Study [NCT00761371]Phase 452 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Long-Term Clinical Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied Once Daily 5 Days Per Week for 6 Weeks in the Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00189241]Phase 3160 participants Interventional2001-02-28Completed
Prospective Randomized Trial of Peptide-specific Vaccination in HLA-A*02 Positive Prostate Carcinoma Patients With Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy [NCT02452307]Phase 1/Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Conservative Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions With Imiquimod With Standard Excisional Technique Using LLETZ: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04859361]104 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-20Active, not recruiting
Multicenter, Randomised, Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled Study Comparing Recurrence Rate Following Imiquimod 5% Cream or Vehicle 3 Times Per Week for 4 Weeks Prior to Ablative Therapy in Subjects Suffering From External Ano-Genital Warts [NCT00189293]Phase 4128 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
CTCL Directed Therapy [NCT03116659]Early Phase 18 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-01Recruiting
TOPical Imiquimod Treatment of High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm: a Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02329171]Phase 39 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient number of participants.)
Phase I/II Study of TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod, Cyclophosphamide, and Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Chest Wall Recurrence or Skin Metastases [NCT01421017]Phase 1/Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-19Completed
CSP #2019 - Basal Cell Carcinoma Chemoprevention Trial (B3C) [NCT05212246]Phase 31,630 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-15Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Impact of Adjuvants Accompanying Peptide Immunization in High Risk Melanoma [NCT00273910]Phase 2104 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Mechanistically-based Optimization of UV Radiation Therapy in Psoriasis [NCT00470392]9 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Recruiting complete and administrative termination)
Ensaio clínico Randomizado Avaliando a eficácia do Tratamento tópico Com Imiquimode em lesões Intraepiteliais Cervicais de Alto Grau [NCT03233412]Phase 290 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Multi-center, Comparative Trial, to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Pritelivir for the Treatment of Acyclovir-resistant Mucocutaneous HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) Infections in Immunocompromised Subjects (PRIOH-1) [NCT03073967]Phase 3153 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-08Recruiting
A Randomized, Vehicle Controlled, Active Comparator, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Topical LFX453 Formulations in Patients With External Genital Warts (EGWs) [NCT02482428]Phase 288 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-12Completed
Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination With Imiquimod in Occult Hepatitis B Infection [NCT03307902]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-01Completed
A Phase 4 Trial Comparing the Cumulative Incidence of SCC After Treatment With Ingenol Mebutate and Imiquimod for Multiple Actinic Keratoses on Face and Scalp. A Multi-centre, Randomised, Two-arm, Open Label, Active-controlled, Parallel Group, 36-month Tr [NCT01926496]Phase 4485 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-11Completed
Adjuvant Imiquimod Therapy to Reduce Recurrence Rate in Patients After Surgical Therapy of Anal HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)-Lesions [NCT03289260]Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-15Not yet recruiting
A Window of Opportunity Phase I Study of UGN-201 in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy [NCT05055050]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-24Recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Open Label, Efficacy Study of VGX-3100 Delivered Intramuscularly Followed by Electroporation With CELLECTRA™ 2000 Alone or in Combination With Imiquimod, for the Treatment of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 Related High Grade Squamous Intraepi [NCT03180684]Phase 233 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-31Completed
Phase I/II Study of Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, Tumor Associated Peptide Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Therapy and Imiquimod, in Patients With Progressive and/or Refractory Solid Malignancies [NCT02224599]Phase 1/Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-28Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision to terminate study due to poor accrual)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00116649 (2) [back to overview]Percent Reduction From Baseline to the Final Follow-up in Total Actinic Keratosis Lesion Count
NCT00116649 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event
NCT00142454 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Humoral Antibody Response to NY-ESO-1
NCT00142454 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT00142454 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Cellular Antibody Response to NY-ESO-1 at Two or More Post-vaccination Time Points
NCT00189306 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Cleared of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma at 12 Weeks
NCT00189306 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Sustained Clearance Rate of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (sBCC)
NCT00273910 (2) [back to overview]Immunologic Response Rate
NCT00273910 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00470392 (3) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Improvement in Lesional Psoriasis Area and Assessment (PASI) Score After Imiquimod and UVB Treatment
NCT00470392 (3) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Elevated MyxA
NCT00470392 (3) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With a 1.5 Fold Increase in mRNA Expression of GRAMD1A and DMXL2
NCT00504023 (1) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinical and Histologic Remission
NCT00585247 (1) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in a* and E at 8 Weeks
NCT00603798 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions
NCT00603798 (4) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count
NCT00603798 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions
NCT00603798 (4) [back to overview]Local Skin Reactions (LSR)
NCT00605176 (4) [back to overview]Local Skin Reactions
NCT00605176 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions
NCT00605176 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions
NCT00605176 (4) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count
NCT00638651 (1) [back to overview]Efficacy of Tattoo Removal Using Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream
NCT00674739 (3) [back to overview]Safety Variables Include Adverse Reactions (AEs), Local Skin Reactions (LSRs), and Number of Subjects Who Took Rest Periods During the Treatment Period.
NCT00674739 (3) [back to overview]Treatment Related Adverse Events
NCT00674739 (3) [back to overview]Proportion of Subjects With Complete Clearance of All Warts (Both Presented at Baseline and Newly Emerged Warts) at End of Study
NCT00707174 (1) [back to overview]The Absence of Lentigo Maligna (LM) at the Time of Staged Excisions in Participants
NCT00735462 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Subjects Achieving Complete Clearance of All Warts (Baseline and New) at the End of Study.
NCT00735462 (2) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Any Treatment Related Adverse Reactions (AEs), Any Local Skin Reactions (LSRs), and Number of Subjects Who Took Rest Periods During the Treatment Period
NCT00774787 (4) [back to overview]Cosmetic Appearance Score at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment
NCT00774787 (4) [back to overview]Local Skin Reactions
NCT00774787 (4) [back to overview]Complete Clearance of Actinic Keratoses at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment
NCT00774787 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Actinic Keratoses Count at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment
NCT00821964 (5) [back to overview]Pathologic Response by Immunohistochemical (IHC)as Assessed by Skin Punch Biopsy of the Target Lesion
NCT00821964 (5) [back to overview]Endogenous Immunity to Common Breast Tumor Antigens (HER2, IGFBP-2, Topoisomerase II-alpha, and p53) in Peripheral Blood as Assessed by IFN-gamma and ELISPOT Assay
NCT00821964 (5) [back to overview]Safety and Systemic Toxicity as Assessed by a Review of Medical History, Physical Exam, Systems, Performance Status, and Clinical Labs (CBC and CMP)
NCT00821964 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of Reduction of Serum TGF-beta Levels as Assessed by ELISA and Correlation With Th1 Adaptive Immunity and Clinical Response
NCT00821964 (5) [back to overview]Anti-tumor Effects of Imiquimod as Assessed by Modified World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria
NCT00828568 (3) [back to overview]Patients Reporting at Least One Adverse Event
NCT00828568 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 100% Clearance of Actinic Keratosis Lesions: Comparison of Taro Imiquimod 5% and Aldara-Imiquimod 5%
NCT00828568 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Intention-to-treat (ITT)Population With 100% Clearance of Actinic Keratosis (AK) Lesions Identified at Baseline
NCT00894647 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Any Post-baseline Local Skin Reactions (LSRs)
NCT00894647 (3) [back to overview]Percent of Subjects With Complete Clearance
NCT00894647 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Lesion Count
NCT00899574 (2) [back to overview]Objective Response (Complete Clinical Response+ Partial Response)
NCT00899574 (2) [back to overview]Clinical Benefits
NCT00948428 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With at Least a 75% Reduction in the Number of AK Lesions From Baseline to End of Treatment (EOT) Visit (Week 16).
NCT00948428 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With at Least a 75% Reduction in the Number of AK Lesions From Baseline to 8 Weeks Post Treatment (Test of Cure Visit).
NCT00948428 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions at the Test of Cure Visit (Week 24)
NCT00988559 (2) [back to overview]Absence of CIN2/3 Lesion by Week 15
NCT00988559 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Related Serious Adverse Events
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]Actinic Keratosis Count
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]Complete Clearance
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]Cosmetic Appearance
NCT01421017 (2) [back to overview]Systemic Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response+Partial Response)
NCT01421017 (2) [back to overview]Local Skin Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response + Partial Response)
NCT01926496 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions
NCT01926496 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of SCC
NCT01926496 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of SCC and Other Neoplasia
NCT01926496 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions After Last Treatment
NCT01926496 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions at 12 Months
NCT02078648 (4) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)
NCT02078648 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT02078648 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 12 Months (OS-12)
NCT02078648 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival at 6 Months (PFS-6)
NCT02120898 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Local Skin Reactions
NCT02120898 (5) [back to overview]Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: Per-Protocol (PP) Population
NCT02120898 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Drug Compliance
NCT02120898 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02120898 (5) [back to overview]Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: ITT Population
NCT02135419 (3) [back to overview]Change in Physical Symptom Score From Baseline (2-7 Days Post Randomization) Until 4 Weeks Post Randomization
NCT02135419 (3) [back to overview]Anal Cancer Incidence
NCT02135419 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events for Each Treatment
NCT02482428 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had Partial Clearance Rate of at Least 75 Percent Reduction in External Genital Wart (EGW)s Count at End of Treatment (EOT) Week 12 or 16
NCT02482428 (3) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events (AE)/Serious Adverse Events (SAE) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability up to 30 Weeks
NCT02482428 (3) [back to overview]Complete Clearance of Disease at Week 14
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in the Cumulative Surface Area of the Acetowhite Vulvar Lesion(s)
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Local and Systemic Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) During 7 Days Following Each Dose
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Evidence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in Vulvar Tissue Samples
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Evidence of Vulvar HSIL, No Evidence of Vulvar LSIL (VIN1), and No Evidence of Condyloma on Histology
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL and No Evidence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in Vulvar Tissue Samples
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL or No Evidence of HPV-16/18 in Vulvar Tissue
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Progression of Vulvar HSIL to Vulvar Cancer
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Flow Cytometry Response Magnitude
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Response Magnitude
NCT03180684 (12) [back to overview]Levels of Serum Anti-HPV-16 and Anti-HPV-18 Antibody Concentrations
NCT03196180 (1) [back to overview]Feasibility of Intravaginal Use 5-FU and Imiquimod on Alternating Weeks in Women With Biopsy Confirmed High Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.
NCT03760250 (1) [back to overview]Keloid Recurrence
NCT03914417 (2) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Related Adverse Events
NCT03914417 (2) [back to overview]Number of Responders

Percent Reduction From Baseline to the Final Follow-up in Total Actinic Keratosis Lesion Count

Percent reduction = (total baseline AK lesion count - total final lesion count)x100/ total baseline AK lesion count (NCT00116649)
Timeframe: At Month 18

Interventionpercent reduction (Mean)
Aldara (Imiquimod) Cream80.2

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event

Adverse events that occurred between the first day of exposure to the study cream and study discharge were summarized. Adverse events - any untoward medical occurrence in a subject that is temporally related to protocol procedures, including the administration of a pharmaceutical product at any dose, but which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. (NCT00116649)
Timeframe: from first dose up to 18 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aldara (Imiquimod) Cream472

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Number of Patients With Humoral Antibody Response to NY-ESO-1

Assays to assess NY-ESO-1 specific antibodies were performed at baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1), throughout the vaccination period (Day 1 of Cycles 2 through 4 and Day 10 of each cycle), and at the 2 post-treatment follow-up visits (Weeks 13 and 16) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were diluted serially. The induction and augmentation of immunity were defined as an increase in antibody titer of ≥ 3× over buffer alone or ≥ 4× the pre-vaccination titer, respectively. Sera from the responding patients were tested a second time against a pool of NY-ESO-1 overlapping peptides to confirm NY-ESO-1 specificity; the number of patients in the table reflect the patients with confirmed NY-ESO-1 specificity. (NCT00142454)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Imiquimod + NY-ESO-14

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Number of Patients With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

Toxicity was graded in accordance with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0, as follows: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe), Grade 4 (life-threatening), and Grade 5 (fatal). Adverse events (AEs) were reported based on clinical laboratory tests, vital sign and weight measurements, physical examinations, performance status evaluations, and any other medically indicated assessments, including patient interviews, from the time informed consent was signed through the last follow-up visit. AEs were considered to be treatment emergent (TEAE) if they occurred or worsened in severity after the first dose of study treatment. (NCT00142454)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any TEAEMaximum TEAE severity Grade 1Serious TEAETEAE leading to discontinuation
Imiquimod + NY-ESO-18800

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Number of Patients With Cellular Antibody Response to NY-ESO-1 at Two or More Post-vaccination Time Points

Assays to assess cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ and CD4+ antigen-specific responses were performed at baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1), throughout the vaccination period (Day 1 of Cycles 2 through 4 and Day 10 of each cycle), and at the 2 post-treatment follow-up visits (Weeks 13 and 16) by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay following prior in vitro sensitization. A 3-fold increase in spot-forming cells over baseline defined a positive response. Suitable antigens may have included recombinant viral vectors encoding NY-ESO-1, or NY-ESO-1 overlapping peptides, depending upon availability. (NCT00142454)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CD4+ T cell responseCD8+ T cell response
Imiquimod + NY-ESO-170

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Number of Participants Cleared of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma at 12 Weeks

Number of participants cleared at 12 weeks(the number of subjects with no clinical evidence of superficial basal cell carcinoma at the target tumor site at the 12-week posttreatment visit) (NCT00189306)
Timeframe: 12 week posttreatment visit

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aldara159

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Number of Participants With Sustained Clearance Rate of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (sBCC)

Number of participants clinically clear of superficial basal cell carcinoma at the treated target tumor site at the 12-week posttreatment visit (ie, initial clearance rate) who remain clear during a 5 year follow-up period. (NCT00189306)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aldara119

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Immunologic Response Rate

Comparison of six different preparations of the gp100:209-217 (210M) melanoma antigen peptide. The arm with the greater number of immunologic responses will be the one most likely to be selected for future study on the basis of immunization alone. Evidence of immunization consist of at least 10 Elispots/100,000 cells above background. An injection site reaction is not an immune response. (NCT00273910)
Timeframe: 48 months

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ (Vortex)2
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ + Imiquimod (Vortex)0
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in Saline ID0
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in Saline ID + Imiquimod3
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ (2 Syringe)1
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ + Imiquimod (2 Syringe)0

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Here are the number of participants with adverse events. For a detailed list of adverse events see the adverse event module. (NCT00273910)
Timeframe: 48 months

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ (Vortex)19
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ + Imiquimod (Vortex)19
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in Saline ID18
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in Saline ID + Imiquimod19
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ (2 Syringe)15
Adj-3 A2 gp209(2M) in IFA SQ + Imiquimod (2 Syringe)14

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Number of Subjects With Improvement in Lesional Psoriasis Area and Assessment (PASI) Score After Imiquimod and UVB Treatment

The PASI is a disease burden measure that integrates area, erythema, thickness and scale of each target lesion. The severity score for each region is calculated by adding the scores for redness, thickness and scale (each of which are graded from 0 to 4). The maximum severity score is 12. The higher the PASI, the worse the disease. Thus, an improvement in PASI score is a lower score than the pre-treatment PASI. (NCT00470392)
Timeframe: 2 weeks after Imiquimod and UVB

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Imiquimod4

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Number of Subjects With Elevated MyxA

Lesions were treated with either Imiquimod or Clobetasol cream. Lesions were subsequently treated with UVB and biopsied. From the biopsy samples obtained from the Imiquimod arm, quantitative PCR was performed to measure levels of Myx A, an imiquimod response gene. (NCT00470392)
Timeframe: Biopsy samples for analysis were taken 1 hour post UVB treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Imiquimod1

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Number of Subjects With a 1.5 Fold Increase in mRNA Expression of GRAMD1A and DMXL2

Based upon upregulated mRNA expression of MyxA in 1 out of 7 patients treated with Imiquimod, a list of alternative target genes responsive to Imiquimod was generated. The target mRNAs examined included GRAMD1A, IL2RA, TGHD1, DMXL2. The target gene was consider upregulated if there was a 1.5 fold increase in the mRNA expression of the target gene. (NCT00470392)
Timeframe: Biopsy samples for analysis were taken 1 hour post UVB treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Imiquimod1

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Percentage of Participants With Clinical and Histologic Remission

Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR (NCT00504023)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post treatment

Intervention% of participants (Number)
Imiquimod75

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Change From Baseline in a* and E at 8 Weeks

Change in a* and ΔE is a way to quantify PWS treatment outcome: a* is the erythema of the vascular lesions and varies from +60 for green to -60 for red with a value of +9.28 for Normal Skin. Higher a* values indicates a greater reduction in erythema hence better treatment outcome. ΔE detects all three dimensions of colorspace (L*a*b*) and represents the difference in color between normal and PWS skin. Range of ΔE is 0 to 100. Higher values indicates improved treatment efficacy by greater skin color improvement. (NCT00585247)
Timeframe: 8 weeks baseline

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
a*ΔE
Imiquimod1.274.08
Placebo0.432.59

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Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions

"Subject status with respect to complete clearance of AK lesions at End of Study (EOS), ie, the Week 17 visit. Complete clearance was defined as the absence of clinically visible or palpable AK lesions in the treatment area. All lesions within the identified treatment area were included in the count, even if the lesion was a new lesion or subclinical lesion that had not been identified at Baseline." (NCT00603798)
Timeframe: End of Study the Week 17 visit

Interventionparticipants (Number)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream55
2.5% Imiquimod Cream41
Placebo Cream9

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Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count

Percent change from Baseline to end of study (EOS) in investigator counts of AK lesions. A negative percent change is better than a positive percent change. (NCT00603798)
Timeframe: At all visits - Baseline through the Week 17 EOS visit

Interventionpercentage of participants (Median)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream-80.0
2.5% Imiquimod Cream-66.7
Placebo Cream-23.6

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Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions

Subject status with respect to complete clearance of AK lesions at End of Study (EOS), defined as at least a 75% reduction in the number of AK lesions in the treatment area compared with Baseline. (NCT00603798)
Timeframe: End of Study the Week 17 visit

Interventionparticipants (Number)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream87
2.5% Imiquimod Cream70
Placebo Cream21

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Local Skin Reactions (LSR)

Six local skin reaction (LSR) signs were predefined and were assessed for presence and intensity at each visit. These included: Erythema, edema, Weeping/Exudate, Flaking/Scaling/Dryness, Scabbing/Crusting and Erosion/Ulceration. The LSRs were scored as 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe. Summary of LSR - area under the curve (AUC) of sum of LSR scores (days). (NCT00603798)
Timeframe: The time period for the AUC extends to 8 weeks after the end of treatment (Week 17)

Interventionunits on a scale * days (Mean)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream413.5
2.5% Imiquimod Cream372.0
Placebo Cream188.6

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Local Skin Reactions

Six local skin reaction (LSR) signs were predefined and were assessed for presence and intensity at each study visit. These included: Erythema, Edema, Weeping/Exudate, Flaking/Scaling/Dryness, Scabbing/Crusting and Erosion/Ulceration. The LSRs were scored as 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe. Mean scores were summated over time (14 weeks) to yield a mean LSR AUC (area under the curve) (NCT00605176)
Timeframe: At all visits - from Baseline to End of study (Week 14)

Interventionunits on a scale * days (Mean)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream272.0
2.5% Imiquimod Cream242.5
Placebo Cream139.8

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Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions

Subject status with respect to complete clearance of AK lesions at End of Study (EOS), ie, the Week 14 visit. Complete clearance was defined as the absence of clinically visible or palpable AK lesions in the treatment area. All lesions within the identified treatment area were included in the count, even if the lesion was a new lesion or 'subclinical' lesion that had not been identified at Baseline. (NCT00605176)
Timeframe: End of Study the Week 14 visit

Interventionparticipants (Number)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream57
2.5% Imiquimod Cream49
Placebo Cream10

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Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions

Subject status with respect to partial clearance of AK lesions at end of study (EOS), defined as at least a 75% reduction in the number of AK lesions in the treatment area compared with Baseline. (NCT00605176)
Timeframe: End of Study the Week 14 visit

Interventionparticipants (Number)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream95
2.5% Imiquimod Cream77
Placebo Cream36

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Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count

Percent change from Baseline to end of study (EOS) in investigator counts of AK lesions. (NCT00605176)
Timeframe: From baseline to End of Study the Week 14 visit

Interventionpercent change (Median)
3.75% Imiquimod Cream-81.8
2.5% Imiquimod Cream-71.8
Placebo Cream-25.0

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Efficacy of Tattoo Removal Using Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream

To evaluate the efficacy of tattoo removal using topical imiquimod, 5% cream (Aldara™, 3M/Graceway Pharmaceuticals, an immune response modifier) in conjunction with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. This procedure for tattoo removal will be compared to laser removal alone. (NCT00638651)
Timeframe: approximately 14 weeks

Interventionpercentage of tattoo pigment removed (Mean)
Laser Treatment With Imiquimod (Group 1)4.3
Laser Treatment With Placebo Cream (Group 2)2.7

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Safety Variables Include Adverse Reactions (AEs), Local Skin Reactions (LSRs), and Number of Subjects Who Took Rest Periods During the Treatment Period.

"Local skin reactions in the treatment and/or immediate surrounding area were clinically identified as: erythema, edema, weeping/exudate, flaking/scaling/dryness, and erosion/ulceration. LSRs were visually assessed by investigator at each visit.~Rest period was a temporary interruption of dosing dur to intolerable LSRs." (NCT00674739)
Timeframe: Up to 16 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adverse ReactionsLocal Skin ReactionsNumber of Subjects with Rest Period in Treatment
2.5% Imiquimod Cream2711049
3.75% Imiquimod Cream3014459
Placebo2291

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Proportion of Subjects With Complete Clearance of All Warts (Both Presented at Baseline and Newly Emerged Warts) at End of Study

Proportion of subjects with complete clearance of all warts (both presented at Baseline and newly emerged warts) at End of Study. Primary analysis performed on the Intent to Treat population with imputation (Last Observation Carried Forward)for missing data points. (NCT00674739)
Timeframe: Up to 16 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
2.5% Imiquimod Cream0.191
3.75% Imiquimod Cream0.272
Placebo0.103

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The Absence of Lentigo Maligna (LM) at the Time of Staged Excisions in Participants

Negative histologic margins for the imiquimod plus tazarotene group compared to the imiquimod only group. (NCT00707174)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Imiquimod Only27
Imiquimod and Tazarotene Combined29

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Proportion of Subjects Achieving Complete Clearance of All Warts (Baseline and New) at the End of Study.

The complete clearance was defined as completely cleared all warts including baseline and newly emerged during the study at all anatomic areas. (NCT00735462)
Timeframe: Up to 16 weeks

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
2.5% Imiquimod Cream0.248
3.75% Imiquimod Cream0.294
Placebo0.09

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Cosmetic Appearance Score at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment

Cosmetic appearance score, based recall comparison to appearance at baseline. Seven point scale: +3 = treatment area is much better appearing; +2 = treatment area is moderately better appearing; + 1 = treatment area is slightly better appearing; 0 = treatment area appears same; -1 = treatment area is slightly worse appearing; -2 = treatment area is moderately worse appearing; -3 = treatment area is much worse appearing. Data from one patient, lost to follow-up immediately after cryotherapy, not included in these analyses. (NCT00774787)
Timeframe: 4-8 weeks post-treatment

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Investigator assessed, imiquimod sideInvestigator assessed, observation sidePatient assessed, imiquimod sidePatient assessed, observation side
Cryotherapy Followed by Imiquimod 5% Cream or Observation2.11.62.61.2

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Local Skin Reactions

Mean maximum post-baseline intensity of investigator assessed local skin reactions (erythema, edema, weeping/exudate, flaking/scaling/dryness, scabbing/crusting, erosion/ulceration) by treatment area. 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe. Data from one patient, lost to follow-up immediately after cryotherapy, not included in these analyses. (NCT00774787)
Timeframe: Post baseline to end of study (4-8 weeks post-treatment)

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Erythema, imiquimod sideErythema, observation sideEdema, imiquimod sideEdema, observation sideWeeping/exudate, imiquimod sideWeeping/exudate, observation sideFlaking/scaling/dryness, imiquimod sideFlaking/scaling/dryness, observation sideScabbing/crusting, imiquimod sideScabbing/crusting, observation sideErosion/ulceration, imiquimod sideErosion/ulceration, observation side
Cryotherapy Followed by Imiquimod 5% Cream or Observation1.51.30.20.10.30.01.41.20.90.60.40.1

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Complete Clearance of Actinic Keratoses at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment

Complete clearance (actinic keratosis count of 0) in each respective area at 4-8 weeks post-treatment. Actinic keratoses at 4-8 weeks post-treatment visit includes all actinic keratoses in each respective treatment area, baseline and new. (NCT00774787)
Timeframe: 4-8 weeks post-treatment

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Completely cleared, imiquimod sideCompletely cleared, observation side
Cryotherapy Followed by Imiquimod 5% Cream or Observation85

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Change From Baseline in Actinic Keratoses Count at 4-8 Weeks Post-treatment

Percent change = [(actinic keratoses count at 4-8 weeks post-treatment)-(actinic keratoses count at baseline)]/(actinic keratoses count at baseline)]*100%. Data from one patient, lost to follow-up immediately after cryotherapy, not included in these analyses. Actinic keratoses at 4-8 weeks post-treatment visit includes all actinic keratoses in each respective treatment area, baseline and new. (NCT00774787)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4-8 weeks post-treatment

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Change from baseline, imiquimod sideChange from baseline, observation side
Cryotherapy Followed by Imiquimod 5% Cream or Observation-73.2-62.0

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Pathologic Response by Immunohistochemical (IHC)as Assessed by Skin Punch Biopsy of the Target Lesion

This is done by IHC staining reviewed by a pathologist. This is done by comparing the baseline to the post-treatment biopsy tissue. Yes equals absence of residual disease. (NCT00821964)
Timeframe: Pre-and post-treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Total Number of Evaluable for Pathologic ResponseEvaluable Pts. with Pathologic Response Post TxEvaluable Pts. without Pathologic Response Post Tx
Treatment (Biological Therapy, Chemo)752

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Endogenous Immunity to Common Breast Tumor Antigens (HER2, IGFBP-2, Topoisomerase II-alpha, and p53) in Peripheral Blood as Assessed by IFN-gamma and ELISPOT Assay

Peripheral blood will be obtained at baseline, after cycle 3 (end of study treatment) and at week 24 (end of study) to assess the immune response. A positive antigen-specific T cell immune response will be defined as a T cell precursor frequency more robust than 1:20,000 PBMC if the patients did not have a detectable response prior to treatment. In patients with a pre-existent immune response, the development of an immune response twice baseline will constitute augmentation. (NCT00821964)
Timeframe: Baseline and at weeks 13 and 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
HER2 Antigen72239519HER2 Antigen72239520IGFBP-2 Antigen72239519IGFBP-2 Antigen72239520MAGE3 Antigen72239519MAGE3 Antigen72239520TopoII-alpha Antigen72239519TopoII-alpha Antigen72239520
Negative antigen specific T cell immune responsePositive antigen-specific T cell immune response
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 130
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, Topo IIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 240
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 138
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, Topo IIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 243
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, Topo IIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 242
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 135
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, Topo IIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 241
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 133
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 132
HER2, IGFBP-2, MAGE3, TopoIIa Antigen - Baseline to Week 136

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Safety and Systemic Toxicity as Assessed by a Review of Medical History, Physical Exam, Systems, Performance Status, and Clinical Labs (CBC and CMP)

"Evaluated according to the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 and monitoring of adverse events will be done per Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) guidelines for the time frame below.~Number of Participants with at Least 1 Adverse Event as Assessed by a Review of Medical History, Physical Exam, Systems, Performance Status, and Clinical Labs (CBC and CMP) under the following CTCAE categories:~Constitutional (Fatigue) Neurological (Neuropathy (sensory or motor)) Cardiac (Arrhythemia) Pulmonary (Cough, Pharyngitis) GI (Constipation, Diarrhea, Mucositis, Vomiting) Dermatology (Ulceration, Hairloss/alopecia) Pain (Headache, other pain) Syndrome (Flu-like) Visual Changes Hearing/Auditory Edema Other (General)~In addition they were asked the severity of the event so that a clinician could grade the event." (NCT00821964)
Timeframe: Baseline and weeks 5, 9 13, 16, 20, and 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Biological Therapy, Chemo)15

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Incidence of Reduction of Serum TGF-beta Levels as Assessed by ELISA and Correlation With Th1 Adaptive Immunity and Clinical Response

Incidence of reduction of serum TGF-beta levels as assessed by ELISA and correlation with Th1 adaptive immunity and clinical response is defined as a reduction of at least 25% from baseline value to the value measured at week 13. (NCT00821964)
Timeframe: Baseline and at weeks 13

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
No incidence of 25% reduction of TGF-beta at week1Incidence of 25% reduction of TGF-beta at week 13
Incidence of Reduction of TGF-beta Levels80

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Anti-tumor Effects of Imiquimod as Assessed by Modified World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria

"Tumor responses will be determined using the sum of the products of the largest perpendicular dimensions. Target lesions will be evaluated by the following response criteria: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD).~Evaluation of target lesions per modified WHO response criteria:~Complete response (CR): complete clearance (100%) of target lesion(s)~Partial response (PR): ≥ 50% decrease in target lesion size~Stable disease (SD): < 50% decrease in target lesion size~Progressive (PD): ≥ 25% increase in target lesion size Overall Response Rate (ORR) determined at end of study treatment which was 1 week after cycle #3, unless patient was withdrawn from study. If patient was withdrawn from study, then ORR was determined after their last cycle of treatment received." (NCT00821964)
Timeframe: Baseline and then every 4 weeks until week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Total Evaluated in this Outcome MeasureComplete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)
Treatment (Biological Therapy, Chemo)145531

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Patients Reporting at Least One Adverse Event

For all patients who received a single dose, adverse events were collected at each follow-up visit. Any patient reporting a single or multiple adverse events at any visit was conisdered to have had at least one adverse event. (NCT00828568)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Imiquimod 5% Taro69
Aldara - Imiquimod 5%57
Vehicle15

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Number of Participants With 100% Clearance of Actinic Keratosis Lesions: Comparison of Taro Imiquimod 5% and Aldara-Imiquimod 5%

"Uses per protocol (PP) population.~Each patient is assessed at 24 weeks. Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions that were identified and measured at baseline are reevaluated at the conclusion of the study. If all lesions that were identified at baseline are no longer present and there are no new lesions, the patient is 100% clear of AK lesions." (NCT00828568)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Imiquimod 5% Taro63
Aldara - Imiquimod 5%54

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Number of Participants in Intention-to-treat (ITT)Population With 100% Clearance of Actinic Keratosis (AK) Lesions Identified at Baseline

"Uses ITT population. Three patients (1 Imiquimod 5% Taro and 2 Imiquimod Aldara) did not have a follow-up visit after dosing and were excluded from ITT. Three patients (2 Imiquimod 5% Taro and 1 Imiquimod Aldara) were not evaluable at the 24-week visit and were not in the analysis.~Each patient is assessed at 24 weeks. Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions that were identified and measured at baseline are reevaluated at the conclusion of the study. If all lesions that were identified at baseline are no longer present and there are no new lesions, the patient is 100% clear of AK lesions." (NCT00828568)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Imiquimod 5% Taro74
Aldara - Imiquimod 5%64
Vehicle6

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Number of Participants With Any Post-baseline Local Skin Reactions (LSRs)

"LSRs were assessed independently from AEs. The frequency and percentage of subjects, as well as the mean (SD) and median score for severity (none=0, mild=1, moderate=2, and severe=3), were summarized by treatment group and by visit for the following LSRs: erythema, edema, weeping/exudates, flaking/ scaling/dryness, and scabbing/crusting. Erosion and ulceration were also evaluated (none=0, erosion=1, and ulceration=2). A score of greater than 0 for the specified LSR was considered a treatment site reaction." (NCT00894647)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 20, and 26

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
EdemaErythemaWeeping/ExudateFlaking/Scaling/DrynessScabbing, crustingErosion/Ulceration
Imiquimod Cream931256411411260
Placebo Cream988938122

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Percent of Subjects With Complete Clearance

Proportion of subjects who achieved complete clearance of all AK lesions, cryosurgery-treated AK lesions, and non cryosurgery-treated AK lesions from baseline to Week 26/EOS in the ITT population. (NCT00894647)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo Cream3
Imiquimod Cream30

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Lesion Count

The primary efficacy endpoint was a comparison between the active and placebo treatment groups of percent change from baseline in the total AK lesion count at Week 26. All AK lesions on the face were included in the analysis-treated and untreated AK lesions at baseline (defined as the AK lesion count just prior to cryosurgery) and new lesions that appeared post-baseline. (NCT00894647)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of lesion count (Mean)
Placebo Cream-43.3
Imiquimod Cream-77.4

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Objective Response (Complete Clinical Response+ Partial Response)

This is defined as percentage of patients who achieved complete clinical response or partial response at end of cycle 1 of treatment. The tumor size will be measured as lesion surface area (region of interest, ROI). The response to the treatment is then evaluated as a function of post-treatment over pre-treatment ROI, expressed in percentage. Response criteria for this study are based on European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer definitions for chest wall tumors: complete clinical response: absence of any detectable residual disease; partial response: <50% of ROI change. (NCT00899574)
Timeframe: 9 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Imiquimod20

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Clinical Benefits

This outcome measure is defined as number of patients with improvement of symptoms after 8 weeks of treatment. (NCT00899574)
Timeframe: 9 weeks

Interventionpatients (Number)
Pain improvementPruritus improvementDermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) improvement
Imiquimod450

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Percentage of Subjects With at Least a 75% Reduction in the Number of AK Lesions From Baseline to End of Treatment (EOT) Visit (Week 16).

(NCT00948428)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Generic Imiquimod110
Aldara™114
Vehicle Cream14

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Percentage of Subjects With at Least a 75% Reduction in the Number of AK Lesions From Baseline to 8 Weeks Post Treatment (Test of Cure Visit).

(NCT00948428)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Generic Imiquimod77
Aldara™77
Vehicle Cream7

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Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions at the Test of Cure Visit (Week 24)

(NCT00948428)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Generic Imiquimod74
Aldara™72
Vehicle Cream7

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Absence of CIN2/3 Lesion by Week 15

Number of participants with no CIN2/3 lesion at the week 15 visit (NCT00988559)
Timeframe: 15 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PMED Delivery - Groups 1 and 22
IM Injections - Groups 5 and 63
Intralesional Delivery - Group 3 and 43
Intralesional Delivery + Imiquimod - Group 71

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Actinic Keratosis Count

The percent change in actinic keratosis count as compared to the baseline lesion count (NCT01203878)
Timeframe: Week 18 (4 weeks after randomization visit)

Interventionpercent reduction in baseline count (Mean)
Imiquimod Followed by Photodynamic Therapy81
Imiquimod Followed by Observation83

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Complete Clearance

The proportion of randomized patients with complete clearance of actinic keratoses in the treatment area (entire face). (NCT01203878)
Timeframe: Week 18 (4 weeks after randomization visit)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Imiquimod Followed by Photodynamic Therapy5
Imiquimod Followed by Observation2

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Cosmetic Appearance

"Change (improvement) in investigator scores of cosmetic appearance of the treatment area (entire face) by objective and subjective assessments:~INVESTIGATOR COSMETIC ASSESSMENT 0 - Facial skin is smooth to the touch, without significant lines or unevenness in pigmentation~1 - Facial skin shows 1 area (cheeks, forehead, or the perioral area) of significant 3 - Facial skin shows 3 areas with significant roughness, dyspigmentation, or fine lines 2 - Facial skin shows 2 areas of significant roughness, dyspigmentation, or fine lines 4 - All are severe in severity" (NCT01203878)
Timeframe: Week 18 (4 weeks after randomization visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Imiquimod Followed by Photodynamic Therapy1.67
Imiquimod Followed by Observation1.25

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Systemic Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response+Partial Response)

The systemic tumor response refers to the response at the time of best overall response. The response criteria are specially adapted from Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor for Immunotherapies (Wolchok, et al., 2009). (NCT01421017)
Timeframe: 9 weeks from the start of the treatment of RT

Interventionproportion of tumors (Number)
IMQ+RT.25
CTX/IMQ/RT.083
CTX/RT0

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Local Skin Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response + Partial Response)

The response refers to the best overall response, based on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's definitions for chest wall tumors (Kouloulias, et al., 2002). (NCT01421017)
Timeframe: 9 weeks from the start of the treatment

,
Interventionproportion of tumors (Number)
Local Area A; irradiated areaLocal Area B; non-irradiated area
CTX/IMQ/RT0.75.083
IMQ+RT0.83.33

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Number of Participants With Partial Clearance of AK Lesions

To compare the partial (at least 75%) clearance of AK lesions in the selected treatment area after the last treatment cycle (at Week 8 or 16) (NCT01926496)
Timeframe: 8-16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ingenol Mebutate195
Imiquimod210

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Incidence of SCC

Cumulative incidence of SCC after treatment with ingenol mebutate gel and imiquimod cream.> The primary response criterion is diagnosis of SCC (defined as invasive SCC i.e. excludes SCC in situ) in the treatment field across the 3-year trial period.> Kaplan-Meier estimate based on time to SCC or censoring. (NCT01926496)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Ingenol Mebutate3.1
Imiquimod0.4

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Incidence of SCC and Other Neoplasia

Cumulative incidence of SCC and other neoplasia after treatment with ingenol mebutate gel and imiquimod cream.> The secondary response criterion is diagnosis of SCC and other neoplasia in the treatment field across the 3-year trial period.> Kaplan-Meier estimate based on time to SCC and other neoplasia, or censoring. (NCT01926496)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Ingenol Mebutate6.2
Imiquimod2.3

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Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions After Last Treatment

To compare the complete clearance of AK lesions in the selected treatment area after the last treatment cycle (at Week 8 or 16) (NCT01926496)
Timeframe: 8-16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ingenol Mebutate168
Imiquimod192

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Number of Participants With Complete Clearance of AK Lesions at 12 Months

To compare the complete clearance of AK lesions at 12 months, defined as no AK lesions in the selected treatment area at any time from the last treatment cycle at Week 8 or 16 through to Month 12. (NCT01926496)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ingenol Mebutate70
Imiquimod108

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Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)

Measure the number of subjects with a CR or PR. A CR requires all of the following: complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patients must be off corticosteroids (or on physiologic replacement doses only) and stable or improved clinically. A PR requires all of the following: ≥50% decrease, compared with baseline; the sum of products of perpendicular diameters of all measurable enhancing lesions sustained for at least 4 weeks; no progression of nonmeasurable disease; no new lesions; stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on the same or a lower dose of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan; and the patient being on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at time of the baseline scan and stable or improved clinically. (NCT02078648)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SL-701 + GM-CSF + Imiquimod1
SL-701 + Poly-ICLC 1.6 mg + Bevacizumab4

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

The ORR was the percentage of subjects who had at least 1 overall tumor response of CR or PR documented on 2 consecutive MRIs ≥4 weeks apart by modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. (NCT02078648)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SL-701 + GM-CSF + Imiquimod1
SL-701 + Poly-ICLC 1.6 mg + Bevacizumab4

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Overall Survival at 12 Months (OS-12)

OS-12 after the initiation of SL-701, per Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT02078648)
Timeframe: up to 12 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SL-701 + GM-CSF + Imiquimod8
SL-701 + Poly-ICLC 1.6 mg + Bevacizumab12

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Progression-free Survival at 6 Months (PFS-6)

Estimate the percent of patients alive and progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6) after the initiation of SL-701. (NCT02078648)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Mean)
SL-701 + GM-CSF + Imiquimod26.7
SL-701 + Poly-ICLC 1.6 mg + Bevacizumab46.6

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Number of Participants With Local Skin Reactions

Local skin reactions included erythema, flaking/scaling/dryness, scabbing/crusting, pruritus, erosion/ulceration, pain, edema, and weeping/exudate. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all serious AEs, regardless of causality is located in Reported AE section. (NCT02120898)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ErythemaFlaking/Scaling/DrynessScabbing/CrustingPruritusErosion/UlcerationPainEdemaWeeping/Exudate
Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%333222123221
Vehicle Cream17221141000
Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%30291352221

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Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: Per-Protocol (PP) Population

Complete clearance rate (treatment success) was defined as the percentage of participants in each treatment group with a count of zero actinic keratosis (AK) lesions in the treatment area at Week 14. All AKs (baseline and new lesions) independent of size within the treatment area were included in the efficacy lesion count. The AK clearance rate for a participant was calculated as follows: {1 - [ (number of AK lesions at Week 14) / (number of AK lesions at Baseline)]} * 100. (NCT02120898)
Timeframe: Week 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%12.4
Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%13.6
Vehicle Cream4.8

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Percentage of Drug Compliance

The overall drug compliance (%) = (Observed Consumption / Expected Consumption) * 100%. (NCT02120898)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 6

Interventionpercentage of drug compliance (Mean)
Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%96.55
Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%97.83
Vehicle Cream97.43

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Mild AEs: awareness of sign or symptom, but easily tolerated. Moderate AEs: discomfort sufficient to cause interference with normal activities. Severe AEs: inability to carry out usual activities. Serious AEs: death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, a congenital anomaly or birth defect, or an important medical event that jeopardized the participant and required medical intervention to prevent 1 of the outcomes listed in this definition. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all serious AEs, regardless of causality is located in Reported AE section. (NCT02120898)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any AEsAny AEs in treatment areaSAEsSAEs in treatment areaMild AEsModerate AEsSevere AEs
Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%5176031164
Vehicle Cream2252110111
Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%5054029201

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Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: ITT Population

Complete clearance rate (treatment success) was defined as the percentage of participants in each treatment group with a count of zero AK lesions in the treatment area at Week 14. All AKs (baseline and new lesions) independent of size within the treatment area were included in the efficacy lesion count. The AK clearance rate for a participant was calculated as follows: {1 - [ (number of AK lesions at Week 14) / (number of AK lesions at Baseline)]} * 100. (NCT02120898)
Timeframe: Week 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%12.6
Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%12.4
Vehicle Cream4.3

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Change in Physical Symptom Score From Baseline (2-7 Days Post Randomization) Until 4 Weeks Post Randomization

The physical symptom score is made up of the sum of responses to whether or not the participant had any of the 9 physical symptoms: anal pain, pain other than anal pain, pain during bowel movements, constipation, bleeding from anus, itching in/around the anus, discharge (wetness) in anal area, burning sensations in the anal area, and urgency for bowel movements. Responses are 0- not at all, 1-a little bit, 2-somewhat, 3-quite a bit, 4-very much. Thus physical symptom score ranges from 0 to 36. (NCT02135419)
Timeframe: 4 weeks post randomization

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Arm I (Treatment)-2.22
Arm II (Active Monitoring) (Closed Since SEP2021)-0.08

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Anal Cancer Incidence

Anal cancer incidence is calculated as the number of anal cancer cases detected per 100,000 person years (NCT02135419)
Timeframe: Time from randomization to diagnosis of anal cancer, assessed up to 5 years post randomization

Interventioncases per 100,000 person years (Number)
Arm I (Treatment)173
Arm II (Active Monitoring) (Closed Since SEP2021)402

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Incidence of Adverse Events for Each Treatment

Participants who had at least one adverse event (serious or non-serious) (NCT02135419)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Treatment)416
Arm II (Active Monitoring) (Closed Since SEP2021)429

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Number of Participants That Had Partial Clearance Rate of at Least 75 Percent Reduction in External Genital Wart (EGW)s Count at End of Treatment (EOT) Week 12 or 16

Number of Participants that had partial clearance rate of at least 75 percent reduction in External Genital Wart (EGW)s count at end of treatment (EOT) Week 12 or 16 (NCT02482428)
Timeframe: End of Treatment (EOT) Week 12 or Week 16

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LFX453 0.1% NMC2
LFX453 0.15% LCC1
Combined Vehicle0
Aldara3

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Number of Adverse Events (AE)/Serious Adverse Events (SAE) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability up to 30 Weeks

Number of participants with at least one AE/SAE in the category up to 30 weeks (NCT02482428)
Timeframe: 30 weeks

,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adverse Events (AEs)Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Aldara100
LFX453 0.1% NMC30
LFX453 0.15% LCC50
Vehicle to LCC20
Vehicle to NMC30

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Complete Clearance of Disease at Week 14

Number of participants achieving complete clearance of genital warts at Week 14 (NCT02482428)
Timeframe: Week 14

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LFX453 0.1% NMC1
LFX453 0.15% LCC0
Combined Vehicle0
Aldara0

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Percent Change From Baseline in the Cumulative Surface Area of the Acetowhite Vulvar Lesion(s)

Lesion(s), defined as areas that stain acetowhite were assessed. Analysis of qualifying lesions was defined as the change in total surface area of only lesions with both baseline and Week 48 measurements. Percent change in the cumulative surface area of the acetowhite vulvar lesion(s) was determined by the quantitative analysis of standardized prebiopsy photographic imaging of qualifying lesion(s) at Week 48 compared to baseline. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: From baseline to Week 48

Interventionpercent change in surface area (Mean)
VGX-3100 + EP47.7
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod10.5

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body, or worsening of a pre-existing condition, temporally associated with the use of a product whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: From baseline up to Week 100

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP92.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod100

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Local and Systemic Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) During 7 Days Following Each Dose

An adverse event (AE) was defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body, or worsening of a pre-existing condition, temporally associated with the use of a product whether or not considered related to the use of the product. A TEAE was defined per protocol as any AE with onset after the administration of study medication through the end of the study (i.e., study discharge). (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: 7 days following each dose: Day 0 (Days 0 to 7), Week 4 (Days 22 to 28), Week 12 (Days 78 to 84), Week 24 (Days 162 to 168), and Week 52 (Days 358 to 364)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP84.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod75.0

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Percentage of Participants With No Evidence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in Vulvar Tissue Samples

Participants with no evidence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 indicated the clearance of the specific HPV genotypes [16, 18, or both]. All lesions were evaluated for evidence of HPV-16/18 in vulvar tissue. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP15.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod50.0

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Percentage of Participants With No Evidence of Vulvar HSIL, No Evidence of Vulvar LSIL (VIN1), and No Evidence of Condyloma on Histology

Histologic regression was defined as a participant with no histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL, no evidence of LSIL (VIN1), and no evidence of condyloma. Histologic regression of vulvar HSIL to normal tissue was assessed. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP10.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod37.5

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Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL

Participants with no histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL (normal tissue or vulvar LSIL [VIN1] or condyloma) based on histology (i.e. biopsies or excisional treatment) were considered. All lesions were evaluated for histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP15.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod37.5

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Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL and No Evidence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in Vulvar Tissue Samples

A treatment responder for the primary endpoint was defined as a participant with no histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL (normal tissue or vulvar low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) [vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (VIN1)] or condyloma) and no evidence of HPV-16 or HPV-18 (i.e., elimination of the specific genotypes [16, 18, or both]) in vulvar tissue at evaluation and who did not receive any non-study related treatment for vulvar HSIL. All lesions were evaluated for histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL or evidence of HPV-16/18 in vulvar tissue. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP15.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod37.5

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Percentage of Participants With No Histologic Evidence of Vulvar HSIL or No Evidence of HPV-16/18 in Vulvar Tissue

A treatment responder for the endpoint was defined as a participant with no histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL (normal tissue or LSIL [VIN1] or condyloma) based on histology (i.e. biopsies or excisional treatment) or no evidence of HPV-16 or HPV-18 (i.e., elimination of the specific genotypes [16, 18, or both]) in vulvar tissue at evaluation and who did not receive any non-study related treatment for vulvar HSIL. All lesions were evaluated for histologic evidence of vulvar HSIL or evidence of HPV-16/18 in vulvar tissue. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP15.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod50.0

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Percentage of Participants With No Progression of Vulvar HSIL to Vulvar Cancer

Non-progression of vulvar HSIL to vulvar cancer was evaluated from baseline to Week 48. Progression was defined as advancement to carcinoma by histology. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: From baseline up to Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
VGX-3100 + EP100.0
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod100.0

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Change From Baseline in Flow Cytometry Response Magnitude

Assessment of cellular immune activity was measured using the application of flow cytometry for the purpose of performing a Lytic Granule Loading Assay. The Lytic Granule Loading Assay examines the following external cellular markers: cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), CD4, CD8 (T-cell identification), CD137, CD38, and CD69 (T-cell activation markers) as well as PD-1 (exhaustion/activation marker). Here, a change from baseline in CD8+/CD137+ PBMCs expressing Perforin+ was reported. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Baseline; Week 27

,
InterventionSFU/10^6 PBMC (Median)
BaselineChange from Baseline at Week 27
VGX-3100 + EP0.1500.000
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod1.2500.000

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Change From Baseline in Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Response Magnitude

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood samples. Assessment of cellular immune activity was performed by IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming (ELISpot) assay. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Baseline; Weeks 15, 27, 48, 74, and 96

,
Interventionspot forming units (SFU) per 10^6 cells (Median)
HPV-16 E6 (Baseline)HPV-16 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 15)HPV-16 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 27)HPV-16 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 48)HPV-16 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 74)HPV-16 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 96)HPV-16 E7 (Baseline)HPV-16 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 15)HPV-16 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 27)HPV-16 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 48)HPV-16 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 74)HPV-16 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 96)HPV-18 E6 (Baseline)HPV-18 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 15)HPV-18 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 27)HPV-18 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 48)HPV-18 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 74)HPV-18 E6 (Change From Baseline at Week 96)HPV-18 E7 (Baseline)HPV-18 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 15)HPV-18 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 27)HPV-18 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 48)HPV-18 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 74)HPV-18 E7 (Change From Baseline at Week 96)
VGX-3100 + EP1.6670.8330.8330.8331.6671.6671.6673.3333.3331.6671.6670.0000.00019.16710.83314.1678.33320.0000.0002.5001.6671.6671.6673.333
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod1.6670.0003.3330.0000.0000.8330.0001.6676.6671.6670.8330.0000.00010.0005.0003.3339.16719.1670.0003.3336.6670.0000.0004.167

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Levels of Serum Anti-HPV-16 and Anti-HPV-18 Antibody Concentrations

A standardized binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the anti-HPV-16/18 antibody response induced by VGX-3100. (NCT03180684)
Timeframe: Weeks 15, 27, 48, 74, and 96

,
Interventionreciprocal endpoint titer (Geometric Mean)
Anti-HPV-16 (Week 15)Anti-HPV-16 (Week 27)Anti-HPV-16 (Week 48)Anti-HPV-16 (Week 74)Anti-HPV-16 (Week 96)Anti-HPV-18 (Week 15)Anti-HPV-18 (Week 27)Anti-HPV-18 (Week 48)Anti-HPV-18 (Week 74)Anti-HPV-18 (Week 96)
VGX-3100 + EP7.39.615.914.537.024.844.769.383.22.9
VGX-3100 + EP + Imiquimod13.115.017.26.111.4133.789.4133.745.02.2

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Feasibility of Intravaginal Use 5-FU and Imiquimod on Alternating Weeks in Women With Biopsy Confirmed High Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.

Feasibility is evaluated based on safety and tolerability of the study intervention. For safety, the study assessed the number of participants experiencing the specified adverse events defined as Grade 2 or greater toxicity (or Grade 1 toxicity of any genital lesion (blisters, ulcerations, or pustules)) that is possibly, probably, or definitely related and lasts for more than 5 days. For tolerability, the study assessed the number of participants who were not able to apply at least 50% of the treatment due to the specified adverse events. (NCT03196180)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SafetyTolerability
Treatment (Topical Fluorouracil, Imiquimod)41

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Keloid Recurrence

To assess the efficacy of 5% Imiquimod cream on decreasing keloid recurrence after excision when initiated prior to excision (NCT03760250)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after surgical excision

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RecurredDid not recur
Imiquimod31

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Number of Responders

The number of participants with reduction in number of AKs on the face and/or scalp after application of imiquimod 3.75%. (NCT03914417)
Timeframe: Day 70

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Imiquimod 3.75% Cream19

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		5.2131C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.2510amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		14.9765144-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		7.1710hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.5520monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.1510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		3.81006-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carnitine
[no description available]		2.4110amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.2510halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.610coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		13.874712monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		7.610trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.2510(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.2510catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
cytosine
[no description available]		9.95191aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.05402-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.2821sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		7.3110alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
histamine
[no description available]		3.1950aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.2510imidazole
indole
[no description available]		2.5820indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.610dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.2110alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.7220cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		4.240pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.1310monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0510monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		3.2510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		4.9240phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.610benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.610pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.110glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
pteridines
[no description available]		2.6320azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.3110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
taurine
[no description available]		2.610amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		2.610primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.9630uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.1310isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		7.1510benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		2.4110alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.610benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pleconaril
WIN 63843: structure given in first source		2.610
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		2.610
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.610imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.0810acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.0810acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		2.5820monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
albendazole
[no description available]		2.5420aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		2.0810phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.5820secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		2.610adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		3.1210aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0810acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.0810dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
theophylline
[no description available]		2.0810dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.6101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.08101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		2.0810carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		2.0810dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.610aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		2.0810dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.0810acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.8830anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.0810pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.2510acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		430benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		2.0810benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.0810ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		3.1810alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
baclofen
[no description available]		2.5820amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.610benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		2.08101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzethonium
Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.		2.0310alkylbenzene
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.0810benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
berberine
[no description available]		2.6920alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.0810biphenyls;
imidazoles
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		2.0810diarylmethane
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810benzamides
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
bumetanide
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
busulfan
[no description available]		2.0810methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
caffeine
[no description available]		2.5420purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.0810aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		2.610benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.610bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.0120benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		2.0810dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		2.0810N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.0810carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		2.0810carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.0810organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.1710quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium
Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.		2.610pyridinium ion
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		3.5420aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		2.0810benzodiazepine
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.7730aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		2.5120monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.5820organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		2.0810isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		2.08101,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.0810diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		7.5720cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.0810aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		2.0810lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.9680aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.5820cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.5520aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		2.08102-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.0810monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.08101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		2.0810aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		2.0810tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.5820dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.610dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		7.7830substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.6104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
dequalinium
Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.		3.1610quinolinium ionantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		2.0810dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.08101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		2.0810benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		12.86542amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
3,3'-diindolylmethane
3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist		2.4110indolesantineoplastic agent;
P450 inhibitor
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		2.5820piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		2.9330organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.610branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.		2.1101,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		2.0810benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		2.0810aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		2.610aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		2.0810dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.610benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.4110trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.08101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.110
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		2.0810aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		2.0810dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		2.6101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
2-hexyloxybenzamide
2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides		antifungal agent
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.76502-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		2.0810aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0810difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		3.8530conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.610N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		2.0810ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		2.0810benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		19.0816020nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		2.5420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		8.3160carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.0810chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		2.610benzoate ester
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.0810N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		2.0810sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.0810aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.610dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		2.0810acetamides
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.610isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.5820aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		5.1350phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		3.1610organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.610resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin
beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.		2.610cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.610thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.5820benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		2.0810benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		8.0440one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.610monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.5720benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.0810ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		2.0810dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		2.0810bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		2.0810indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indole-3-carbinol
indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.		5.3850indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.5820aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.0810benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iproniazid
[no description available]		2.0810carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		2.5820azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		2.0810carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		2.0810benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		2.5820piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.0810cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		2.0810aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		3.5520dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		12.19313furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.6104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
lamotrigine
[no description available]		2.08101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		2.0810benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol
lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.		2.610
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.0810aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomustine
[no description available]		2.0810N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.610monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		2.5820benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		7.8220biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0510chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide
4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.		2.610benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide
Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.		2.610aromatic amine
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		2.0810anthracenes
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.0810aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.1510nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.5820guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		2.610sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		2.610aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		2.1710aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.1510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		2.0810benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		2.0810aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		3.5820C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		2.0810aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.0810imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.5220dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		2.0810benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		2.610dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		2.0810benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
entinostat
[no description available]		3.0120benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.0810acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.610maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.610methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		2.0810tetralins
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		2.610benzoic acids;
guanidines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		2.08101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		2.0810aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.0810benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.0810quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.5820cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		2.0810benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		2.0810aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		2.08102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		2.08101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		2.4520organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		2.08103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		2.5820aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.0810carbazoles
osalmide
osalmide: structure		2.610organic molecular entity
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.08101,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.610endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		2.5820benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.0510aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		2.08101,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		3.5620aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		8.1340oxopurine
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		2.610piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.0810N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.0810acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.610diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		2.610monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.610acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.610benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		2.0810indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.0810aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.0810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
pj-34
PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.		2.610phenanthridines;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherosclerotic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		2.5820isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.0810aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		3.5920aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		2.0810pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.5820benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.610dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0810benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaterol
Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.		2.0610quinolines
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.0810N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		2.0810pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.610phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		2.5820phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.0810aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.4110phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		2.4110phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		4.9960naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.1310
ranitidine
[no description available]		2.0810aralkylamine
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		2.0810benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		2.610alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		2.08101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.0810butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.610pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
scriptaid
scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source		2.610isoquinolines
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		2.610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		2.0810pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0810ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
fenofibrate
[no description available]		2.610benzochromenone;
delta-lactone;
naphtho-alpha-pyrone		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		2.5820aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		2.5520dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.0810isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.0810
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.0810isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		2.0810sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.610aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		8.82112acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
temozolomide
[no description available]		2.0810imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		2.0810furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0810phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		2.0810diarylmethane
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		8.4460phthalimides;
piperidones
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		2.0810aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4220aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		2.0810imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		2.0810benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		2.0810N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.0810monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		2.610amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		2.5820pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		2.610N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.610organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		2.610benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		2.5820aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.0810chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.610alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.610aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		2.0810piperazines
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		2.0810cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		2.0810gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.0810aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.0810nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		7.2510inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.08101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.0810monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		4.1220mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		2.0810alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.9210nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.3110benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.11101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.05104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.0810non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		4.255011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		3.1510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		3.7820organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.0810chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		10.6270cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.610alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.2510L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.5820C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.610aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.610aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate
allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.		2.1710alkenyl isothiocyanate;
isothiocyanate		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
lachrymator;
metabolite
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.542017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.0810bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.9940ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		2.0810aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		2.0810kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		3.1310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.2110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.610benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		2.4110amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.610benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		3.8630alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.4520antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		2.610psoralensplant metabolite
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		2.610antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		5.2421mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.0810beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.5120nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.2510non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		3.2950C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.610amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		7.8220amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.081020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		5.9970L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorquinaldol
Chlorquinaldol: Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.. chlorquinaldol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections.		7.4110monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.1110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.2110aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		9.09170monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		3.893011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.		2.2510monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		7.78306-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.0810organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
9,10-anthraquinone
9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.		2.610anthraquinone
acetopyrrothine
acetopyrrothine: structure. thiolutin : A dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic that is 4,5-dihydro[1,2]dithiolo[4,3-b]pyrrole in which the hydrogens at positions 4,5 and 6 have been replaced by methyl, oxo and acetamido groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerases, inhibits the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and also inhibits JAMM metalloproteases.		2.610acetamides;
dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
chelator;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
marine metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
toxin
salicylanilide
salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.		2.610benzanilide fungicide;
salicylamides;
salicylanilides
gramine
gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.		2.610aminoalkylindole;
indole alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.7930pyrrolidin-2-ones
picryl chloride
Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.1110C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
explosive;
hapten
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		2.6120monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		2.610aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.7730mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		2.5220azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		3.2510carbonyl compound
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		2.610gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
monobenzone
monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.		9.8350benzyl etherallergen;
dermatologic drug;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.7930pyrrole;
secondary amine
carbitol
carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.		2.5420diether;
glycol ether;
hydroxypolyether;
primary alcohol		protic solvent
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.0810biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
linalyl acetate
linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.		2.2510acetate ester;
monoterpenoid
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.610diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		5.8564hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.610dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		6.71120catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		4.3730azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		3.9930indazole
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.41101,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.57201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0610diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		2.0810mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.8220N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		2.0810benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.617011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.041020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		4.32302-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.2510calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
rhein
[no description available]		2.4110dihydroxyanthraquinone
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.610thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
aloe emodin
aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.		2.920aromatic primary alcohol;
dihydroxyanthraquinone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.920dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.5820isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol
osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source		2.610botanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins		metabolite
9-phenanthrol
9-phenanthrol: an inhibitor of AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; structure in first source. 9-phenanthrol : A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1510phenanthrolTRPM4 channel inhibitor
flavanone
flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.		2.7620flavanones
phloretic acid
phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acidplant metabolite
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.9830hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
abietic acid
abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.		2.6620abietane diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid		plant metabolite
periplogenin
periplogenin: structure		2.1310
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		12.68403furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		7.21103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
physcione
physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.		2.4110dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		2.610furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		2.0810diarylmethane
diperodon
diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.610carbamate ester
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.8330dialdehydebiomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.4920arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.4110organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		7.0710organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.0810isothiocyanateinsecticide
paeonol
paeonol: structure		7.1510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.2110
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.6120flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline
[no description available]		4.0620
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.582020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
methyl carbonate
methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.		2.2510carbonate esterreagent;
solvent
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		3.1140acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.0810cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		3.5920docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.1710N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.5820
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.4110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		2.610ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
metformin hydrochloride
metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.610hydrochlorideenvironmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
sorbitan monostearate
sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH		2.2110
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.5820benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		2.1110glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		9.770enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		5.2860alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.0810aliphatic nitrile
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810aromatic ketone
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source		2.610bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol
2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.		2.610benzyl alcohols;
dichlorobenzene		antiseptic drug
pristane
pristane: structure. pristane : A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.		2.3110long-chain alkane;
norterpene		biomarker;
immunological adjuvant
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.171011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.13102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.5820dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.1310fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		2.1710thujeneplant metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		3.3650D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.610adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
9-benzyladenine
[no description available]		2.0110
cladribine
[no description available]		2.0810organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.1510diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.0810isoquinolines
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.610beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		2.6320dioxolane
isostearate
16-methylheptadecanoic acid : A methyl-branched fatty acid that is heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid) substituted by a methyl group at position 16.		2.4720branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.610
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		2.2510elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.1710chromium group element atommicronutrient
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.4110metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.110manganese group element atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.610f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		8.4960copper group element atom;
elemental gold
hafnium
Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.		2.610titanium group element atom
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.5820pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		7.4920delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		8.4811metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		3.1610inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.2110
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		2.2510elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.1310aluminium sulfate
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.610diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.110
chloropyramine
chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610aminopyridine
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.6106-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
n'-nitrosonornicotine
N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals		2.610pyridines;
pyrrolidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		3.4970acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.610aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		2.0810nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.1510benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.582011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.41103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.0810penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		7.8681timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0810tryptamines
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		2.920polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		2.0810cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		2.0810catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.8230azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.0810amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		10.7261taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		8.2340peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
4-methylhistamine
4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.		7.1310aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		3.01401-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		2.0810alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
agent orange
Agent Orange: A herbicide that contains equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as traces of the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.		9.6211
pyridoxal phosphate
[no description available]		2.610pyridinecarbaldehyde
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.08105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.0810organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		2.5820benzamides;
carboxylic ester
acarbose
[no description available]		2.0810tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		2.5820alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.0810indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.0810one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
oltipraz
oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.		2.6101,2-dithiole;
pyrazines		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
protective agent;
schistosomicide drug
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.0810nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0810cephalosporinantibacterial drug
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0810benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
fiacitabine
fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.		2.610
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0810cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.4110aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		2.1110aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		2.0810
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.0810delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810aminopyridine
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.0810aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.0810delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.0810benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.0810dimethoxybenzene
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		2.5220N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.0810hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
tucaresol
tucaresol: causes a dose-dependent left-shift of the oxygen saturation curve of hemoglobin S by stabilization of its oxy-(R)-conformation; an anti-sickling agent		3.1110
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		7.830aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		2.610aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		2.610biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		2.08103-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.0810adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.6106-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
aromasil
[no description available]		2.081017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		2.08101-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		11.27263phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		2.0810aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celgosivir
celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs		2.610
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		7.920organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		2.0810aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		2.8230monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
irinotecan
[no description available]		7.5220carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.5820biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.610guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		2.0810oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.58206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.5820monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		7.8220adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
octyl gallate
[no description available]		2.610gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.0810hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ketone
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		7.2510corticosteroid hormone
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.5820acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		2.8230aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.99120D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.08102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.3110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		674
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
arctigenin
arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants		2.610lignan
baicalin
[no description available]		2.920dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		2.5820azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		2.5820carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.0340acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
allicin
[no description available]		7.610botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		2.1710methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
diphenylcyclopropenone
diphenylcyclopropenone: strong contact sensitizer; a photosensitizing agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. diphenylcyclopropenone : A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.		7.8681cyclopropenonedrug allergen;
hapten;
photosensitizing agent
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		4.2340flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
squaric acid dibutyl ester
squaric acid dibutyl ester : A cyclic ketone and diether that is a dibutyl ether derivative of squaric acid.		3.1410cyclic ketone;
diether		allergen;
immunological adjuvant
nile red
nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.		2.0810aromatic amine;
cyclic ketone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.610gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
cephalotaxine
[no description available]		2.610benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.610hydrochloridedrug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610hydrochloride
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.4110glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.610epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
propazole
propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610benzimidazoles
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.2110beta-carbolines
prulifloxacin
prulifloxacin: structure given in first source		2.610fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		2.0810piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		2.9330benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
bergenin
bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure		2.610trihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		7.411017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.2110boronic acids
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.11101,2,3-triazole
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		2.58201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.5820organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.5820sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.46203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
methyl levulinate
methyl levulinate: structure in first source		3.4411oxo carboxylic acid
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.		2.2510quinolines
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.1710aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.610fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
oxprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
uk 68798
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.08101,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
clobetasone butyrate
[no description available]		3.5520organic molecular entity
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510tocol
diflorasone
diflorasone: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure. diflorasone : The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.0810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
moroxydine
[no description available]		2.610biguanides
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
buparvaquone
buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source		3.1710
aceclofenac
[no description available]		2.4920amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
thioxolone
tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.		2.610benzoxathioleantiseborrheic
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		2.2110
honokiol
[no description available]		2.610biphenyls
coptisine
coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.4110alkaloidmetabolite
nobiletin
nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
narciclasine
narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species		2.4110phenanthridinesmetabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.610indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptin
[no description available]		2.610aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
alkannin
alkannin: a naphthazarin used to promote wound healing, from the plant Alkanna tinctoria; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure		7.1110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.920bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		2.0810carbapenems
calpeptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
gliclazide
18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor		2.6620
fangchinoline
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
macrocycle		anti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
tryptanthrine
tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai		2.610alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
corilagin
corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba. corilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core.		2.4110ellagitannin;
gallate ester		antihypertensive agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		2.610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		2.610hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
octadecyl palmitate
octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.		2.1710hexadecanoate ester;
wax ester		coral metabolite;
cosmetic
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		2.110monocarboxylic acid
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.0810aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
bexarotene
[no description available]		4.0740benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.0810organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.0810macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
loganin
[no description available]		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
gentiopicroside
gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings		7.610glycoside
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.08103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
moexipril
[no description available]		2.610peptide
aucubin
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
7-ketocholesterol
7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.		7.41103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
7-oxo steroid;
cholestanoid		neuroprotective agent
catalpol
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.6102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.0810amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		2.6103-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		3.4470
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		2.4820
diosgenin
[no description available]		7.25103beta-sterol;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin;
spiroketal		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.610methyladenosine
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
fotemustine
fotemustine: structure given in first source. fotemustine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.. diethyl (1-{[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is ethyl diethylphosphonate in the hydrogen at position 1 of the ethyl group attached to the phosphorus has been replaced by a [(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino group.		2.9540N-nitrosoureas;
organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound
sr141716
[no description available]		2.0810amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		3.6220primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
artesunic acid
[no description available]		2.2110
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.610N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.610aminoquinoline
saikosaponin d
[no description available]		2.2510
geniposide
[no description available]		2.610terpene glycoside
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.4110proanthocyanidin
fingolimod hydrochloride
Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).		3.0840hydrochlorideimmunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin
daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).		2.6107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		7.5520
tadalafil
[no description available]		2.0810benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
sophocarpine
[no description available]		2.610
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.610hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		2.0810adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
astilbin
astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.61203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
flavanone glycoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
tetrahydroxyflavanone		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.610
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		2.0810benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		2.0810isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carboxypolymethylene
carbomer: high molecular polyanionic substance		2.0510
celastrol
[no description available]		8.0430monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
procyanidin b2
procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.		7.610biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavan;
polyphenol;
proanthocyanidin		antioxidant;
metabolite
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		10.3231methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.0810bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		3.5520aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.610leucine derivative
vadimezan
vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.		2.610monocarboxylic acid;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
glabridin
[no description available]		7.1710hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		2.0810benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
methotrexate
[no description available]		7.73230dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
delphinidin
delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd;. delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium.		7.15105-hydroxyanthocyanidinantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
plant metabolite
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.0810penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		2.0810biphenyls
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		2.610indolyl carboxylic acid
safinamide
safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source		2.610amino acid amide
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.610hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		2.08101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
cycloastragenol
[no description available]		7.2110
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: may also contain chlorocresol (UD 25:22R)		2.2510
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.8330secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		2.610carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.08109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		2.0810azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		2.0810amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
vx 497
N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source		2.610
bcx 1812
[no description available]		2.6103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
acetamides;
cyclopentanols;
guanidines		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
rp 73401
piclamilast: an antiasthmatic agent and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source. piclamilast : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.		2.0810aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.0810morpholines
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.8330methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY. methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		12.67359delta-amino acid esterantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		2.0210organic sulfate salt
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.610biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		2.5820pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester
celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME		2.610carboxylic ester
resiquimod
S 28463: structure given in first source		10.36471imidazoquinoline
cryptotanshinone
cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza		2.1710abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
ar-turmerone
ar-turmerone: potent antivenom against snake bites; isolated form Curcuma longa; structure given in first source. (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 2-methylhept-2-en-4-one substituted by a 4-methylphenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Peltophorum dasyrachis.		2.1710enone;
sesquiterpenoid		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
6-aminophenanthridine
6-aminophenanthridine: a prion inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1910
methylinositol
methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.		2.2110
tanshinone ii a
tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source		2.610abietane diterpenoid
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		10.150amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.0810
nanaomycin e
nanaomycin E: epoxy deriv of nanaomycin A; see also nanaomycin A: 52934-83-5, nanaomycin B: 52934-85-7, nanaomycin C: 58286-55-8; RN in 9th CI for nanaomycin D: 60325-08-8; structure in first source		2.4110
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		3.0120piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
migalastat
migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis		2.610piperidines
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.1710imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
erlotinib
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1310hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		9.9181divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
limonin
[no description available]		2.610epoxide;
furans;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		inhibitor;
metabolite;
volatile oil component
scutellarin
scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.		2.610glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
etravirine
[no description available]		2.610aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
chelidonine
chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)		2.610alkaloid antibiotic;
alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid
4-n-butylresorcinol
4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source		2.610resorcinols
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		2.0810indanes
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		2.610carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		2.610
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		2.0810benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.0810
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0810benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		7.110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		2.5720aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.171012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		2.0810acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
nsc 74859
NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.		2.610amidobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
tosylate ester		STAT3 inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.1710
khellactone
khellactone: isolated from roots of Angelica pupuraefolia; structure in first source		7.2110coumarins
berbamine
[no description available]		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		7.610aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
u-104
SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.0810acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
withanolides
Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.		2.9630
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.610glycoside
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.8130amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.58201,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tizoxanide
tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source		2.610salicylamides
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		3.2510
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.0110
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		7.1110D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.2510(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.2510
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		2.03102,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.25102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
catechols
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		7.6920taxifolinmetabolite
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		2.0810coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		4.1140
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.5820cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
conessine
conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.		2.610steroid alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
H3-receptor antagonist;
plant metabolite
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0810alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.0810cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		2.5820L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.6102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		2.0810piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.311011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.0810organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
linezolid
[no description available]		2.5820acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
convallatoxin
convallatoxin: PI: *CONVALLARIA (73-79). convallatoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3.		2.251014beta-hydroxy steroid;
19-oxo steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
steroid aldehyde;
steroid lactone		metabolite;
vasodilator agent
ginsenoside rg1
[no description available]		7.692012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent
cimifugin
cimifugin: isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricatae; structure in first source		7.2510organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle
cephaelin
cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.		2.610pyridoisoquinoline
Rhododendrin
rhododendrin: isolated from leaves of Rhododendron plants; has anti-inflammatory properties		2.1510glycoside
(-)-usnic acid
(-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.		2.610usnic acidEC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0110piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.3110
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.		2.610aldehyde;
tripeptide		cysteine protease inhibitor
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0810organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.8330cyclodextrin
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		6.48170retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		4.8850resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.3430retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		7.8930octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		7.73240macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		7.2110ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.2510D-galactopyranuronic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.2110icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.1710butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.38302-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		7.5720alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		3.1610
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		3.1310
lycopene
[no description available]		2.610acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		2.8530macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		210retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.6104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.610N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		2.3110aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine
[no description available]		2.58202'-deoxyribonucleoside
teniposide
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9810actinomycinmutagen
bevirimat
bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoester;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		HIV-1 maturation inhibitor;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.0810L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.610amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.610nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		2.5820aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
gw 257406x
maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus		2.610
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		8.2340hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.610tropane alkaloid
cmx 001
[no description available]		2.610
amd 8664
[no description available]		2.610
bay 41-4109
BAY 41-4109: structure in first source		2.610
bay 57-1293
pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor		2.610
2'-c-methylcytidine
2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source		2.610
isoxanthohumol
isoxanthohumol: structure in first source		2.610flavanones
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine
[no description available]		2.1510metallophthalocyanine;
zinc tetrapyrrole		fluorochrome
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		3.14402-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
mecarbinate
[no description available]		2.610
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		7.4110diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
glycosides
[no description available]		2.5420
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.1710isomethyleugenol
piplartine
piplartine: Antineoplastic Agent, Phytogenic; alkaloid from Piper; structure in first source		2.2510cinnamamides;
dicarboximide
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.610benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.5320triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		4.4130stilbene
p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde: an antibacterial substance from the saw fly, Acantholyda parki S.; structure in first source. 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde : A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at position 4 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group.		2.3110cinnamaldehydesapoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		3.0120olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.0810vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.610benzamides
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.		2.610tetrapeptideprotease inhibitor
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
tiamulin
tiamulin: 81723 HFU and tiamutin are for fumarate salt; prevents senescence in ascomycete; pleuromutilin derivative; RN given refers to ((3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,5alpha,6alpha,8beta,9alpha,9abeta,10S*))-isomer. tiamulin : A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.		2.4110carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide;
secondary alcohol;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antibacterial drug
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.610
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.0810pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.9630
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		2.5820aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
1-methyltryptophan
1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator. 1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole.		2.1110indolyl carboxylic acid
jrf 12
N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor		2.610
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source		2.610
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid
isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.		2.610ferulic acidsantioxidant;
biomarker;
metabolite
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.610urocanic acidhuman metabolite
cyclouridine
cyclouridine: structure given in third source		2.610
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		2.0810zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		6.06180aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.08101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.0810diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		7.4420monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin
[no description available]		2.610methoxybenzenes;
phenols
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		7.5720capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine
[no description available]		7.610acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
n-(4-(n-(3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide
N-(4-(N-(3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide: prevents the necrosome from interacting with downstream effectors; structure in first source. necrosulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.		2.2510pyrazines;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		necroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
nbd 556
[no description available]		2.610
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		2.8830
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.6102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.4110one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		2.3110
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1		2.610
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
nadp
[no description available]		2.4110
srpin340
SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor		2.610
pr-619
[no description available]		2.610
p5091
P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source		2.610
krn 7000
KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.4420glycophytoceramide;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine		allergen;
antigen;
antineoplastic agent;
epitope;
immunological adjuvant
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		2.2510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.081011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.0810cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
trovirdine
trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.610
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
hmr 3647
[no description available]		2.0810
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		2.0810tropane alkaloid
fti 277
[no description available]		2.610
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.5820aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
vicriviroc
vicriviroc: structure in first source		2.610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.610cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		2.0810beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.0810steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		2.5820beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine
[no description available]		2.0810cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		2.58201,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.9430
yya-021
YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		5.18170
sb 225002
[no description available]		2.1710nitrophenol
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		4.6570
hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.		3.0610
digitoxigenin
Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).		2.131014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.5820triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		2.08102-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
ex 527
6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source. 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.		2.3110carbazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
tetrathiomolybdate
tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure		7.1710
eupatilin
eupatilin: isolated from Artemisia argyi. eupatilin : A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.		7.610dihydroxyflavone;
trimethoxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
metabolite
tak-220
TAK-220: structure in first source		2.610
jtk-303
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557
[no description available]		2.610
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.5320sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		8.25507-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.4920prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
luteolin
[no description available]		7.58203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		7.47131D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		2.1710epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
daphnetin
[no description available]		7.2510hydroxycoumarin
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid
trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.		2.610cinnamate ester;
cyclitol carboxylic acid		plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside
luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.6320beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
rosin
rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin.		2.2110
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.0810prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cyclosporine
[no description available]		2.610
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		2.0810hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		3.6420D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		7.21107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		2.610harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.21107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		9.850antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		2.763011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		2.0810
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		2.5820dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810maleate saltanti-allergic agent
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		2.5820carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		2.58202-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
cucurbitacin b
[no description available]		7.1110cucurbitacin;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		2.1710hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
amentoflavone
[no description available]		2.610biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		2.610trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		7.25107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		7.610dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		7.31107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
genkwanin
genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		metabolite
hispidulin
hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.		7.2510monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.610beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		2.610aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
kaempferide
kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite
orientin
orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.		2.6103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
C-glycosyl compound;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
scutellarein
scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.		2.610tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol		2.610stilbenoid
polydatin
trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol;
stilbenoid		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
potassium channel modulator
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		2.610organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.		7.3110rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
acteoside
acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.		2.610catechols;
cinnamate ester;
disaccharide derivative;
glycoside;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antileishmanial agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
psoralidin
psoralidin : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.		2.1710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.1510aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		4.5120amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.0810enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		9.2231retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
olopatadine hydrochloride
Olopatadine Hydrochloride: An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS.		2.1310dibenzooxazepine
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.5320sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		2.0810homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		3.4370hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.0810antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		7.76201acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.610sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		2.0810pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		2.0810morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.0810morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		10.8680antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		2.5820cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.0810
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		5.39011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone
cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).		2.610
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0810isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		7.31101-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		2.6101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester
DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.		2.6920carboxylic ester;
difluorobenzene;
dipeptide;
tert-butyl ester		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.0810phenylalanine derivative
casticin
casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
tetramethoxyflavone		apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
andrographolide
[no description available]		7.1310carbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
resorcinols;
stilbenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		2.610
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.610
palbociclib
[no description available]		2.610aminopyridine;
aromatic ketone;
cyclopentanes;
piperidines;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
bay 11-7082
(E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.		2.1510nitrile;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		2.0810dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.0810ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pd 151746
[no description available]		2.610
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		11.6932metalloid atom;
pnictogen
8-hydroxyadenine
8-hydroxyadenine: xanthine oxidase reacted adenine metabolite in epidermis of hairless mice; structure. 8-oxoadenine : An oxopurine that is adenine bearing a single oxo substituent at position 8.. 8-hydroxyadenine : A nucleobase analogue that is adenine bearing a single hydroxy substituent at position 8.		2.93406-aminopurines;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.4420metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.0510cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		2.0810morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefixime
[no description available]		2.0810cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.5820dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		2.0810azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		2.610
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		2.610hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		2.5820dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
glyceryl behenate
1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid.		2.25101-monoglyceride;
fatty acid ester		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
costunolide
[no description available]		7.610
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		7.4110morphinane alkaloid
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
bakuchiol
bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure		2.1710
solanesol
solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).		2.610nonaprenol;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.610pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		2.1510
l 685458
L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.		2.610carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		2.0810gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		2.0810peptide
bms 806
BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002		2.610
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.610
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.1910dichlorobenzene
famotidine
[no description available]		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
methylbenzethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0310alkylbenzene
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entity
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		2.0610
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.2110carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
salubrinal
salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).		2.920aminal;
organochlorine compound;
quinolines;
secondary carboxamide;
thioureas
12-o-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate
12-O-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate: from fruit & stems of Ostodes paniculata; structure given in first source		2.1310
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.0810cephalosporin
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		7.7620chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
maxacalcitol
maxacalcitol: structure given in first source		7.5920organic molecular entity
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
rifaximin
[no description available]		2.0810acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		2.0410cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
germacrone
germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin		2.610germacrane sesquiterpenoid;
olefinic compound		androgen antagonist;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifeedant;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antitussive;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
insecticide;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
involucrin
involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor		2.1510
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		2.1710
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid
(2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source		2.610
plastochromanol 8
plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol		2.4110
lithospermic acid
[no description available]		2.610
everolimus
[no description available]		3.930cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
laq824
LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor		2.610
ekb 569
EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor		2.610aminoquinoline;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		protein kinase inhibitor
axitinib
[no description available]		3.7120aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
rilpivirine
[no description available]		2.610aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
[no description available]		2.610germacranolide
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.610quinic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.610
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.1101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.0810carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.2550
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.0810imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
ca 074 methyl ester
[no description available]		2.0310
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.0210cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.0810roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		2.0810cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.5820artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
temsirolimus
[no description available]		2.0810macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
[no description available]		2.610oligopeptide
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		2.2510diarylmethane
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.5820amino acid amide
belinostat
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pep005
3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source		12.56334
hdac-42
HDAC-42: structure in first source		2.610amidobenzoic acid
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.610biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
gs-7340
tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.6106-aminopurines;
ether;
isopropyl ester;
L-alanine derivative;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		2.0810benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
iniparib
[no description available]		2.610carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.610
pri-2205
[no description available]		2.610
mk 0752
[no description available]		2.610
givinostat
[no description available]		2.610carbamate ester
pd 144418
[no description available]		2.610
bicyclol
bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.		2.610
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		2.610benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		2.4110oligopeptide
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.610peptide
ginsenoside m1
ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.211012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
biln 2061
BILN 2061: a macrocyclic NS3 protease inhibitor and antiviral agent; structure in first source		3.3110
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.4160aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.5820aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		8.5270dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
sb 3ct compound
SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
mart-1 antigen
MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.		4.6932
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		2.610ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.8630N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rucaparib
AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610azepinoindole;
caprolactams;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)-
[no description available]		2.7620organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
zeolites
[no description available]		2.2510
cetilistat
cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)		2.610benzoxazine
ym 201636
6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic amide
sm360320
SM360320: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 Feb 7;103(6):1828-33		4.140
linagliptin
Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.		7.920aminopiperidine;
quinazolines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.610benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib
odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source		2.610
apilimod
[no description available]		2.610
apixaban
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
cl 075
[no description available]		2.7930
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.2510
betrixaban
betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.		2.610benzamides;
guanidines;
monochloropyridine;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban
edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.		2.610chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound;
thiazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
saracatinib
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
diether;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
oxanes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.0810
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide
boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.		2.610tripeptide;
ureas		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
ly 411575
[no description available]		2.610dibenzoazepine;
difluorobenzene;
lactam;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir
[no description available]		2.610
PB28
PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.		2.610aromatic ether;
piperazines;
tetralins		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
sigma-2 receptor agonist
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.5920triterpenoid
degrasyn
degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source		2.610
epoxomicin
[no description available]		2.610morpholines;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
bms 477118
[no description available]		2.610adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632
PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source		2.610
tmc 353121
[no description available]		2.610
amd 070
mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker		2.610aminoquinoline
danoprevir
[no description available]		3.8220
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.1610nystatins
bms-626529
[no description available]		2.610
bms-663068
fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
amenamevir
ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source		2.610
vx 765
belnacasan: a NSAID		2.610dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae		2.610abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		2.610nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204
FR 180204: structure in first source		2.610pyrazoles;
ring assembly
quisinostat
[no description available]		2.610indoles
carfilzomib
[no description available]		2.610epoxide;
morpholines;
tetrapeptide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796
HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source		2.610
apremilast
[no description available]		2.7620aromatic ether;
N-acetylarylamine;
phthalimides;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
resminostat
resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
methyl 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate
methyl 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate: suppresses antigen-induced specific immune responses, particularly Th1 responses, through inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase and elevation of endogenous AdoHcy		2.1710
zk 756326
2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
balapiravir
balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source		2.610
trametinib
[no description available]		2.610acetamides;
aromatic amine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
organoiodine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
ring assembly		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
deoxyarbutin
4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610
abexinostat
abexinostat: structure in first source		2.610benzofurans
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.4520
silvestrol
silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.610dioxanes;
ether;
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
narlaprevir
narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.		3.8220azabicyclohexane;
cyclopropanes;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary carboxamide;
ureas		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
teneligliptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.610
veliparib
[no description available]		2.610benzimidazolesEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		3.01301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
podophyllin
Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.		15.45171
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.610
rhodomyrtone
rhodomyrtone: antibacterial from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa; structure in first source		2.1710
alloin
[no description available]		2.610anthracenes;
C-glycosyl compound;
cyclic ketone;
phenols		laxative;
metabolite
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
mdv 3100
[no description available]		2.610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
protectin d1
protectin D1: a docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress; structure in first source. protectin D1 : A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1		7.3110dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid;
protectin;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
PPARgamma agonist;
specialised pro-resolving mediator
vtx-2337
[no description available]		2.0710
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.4820
bms-650032
asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus		3.8220oligopeptide
rg 7128
2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source		2.610
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		2.2110
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		2.0810polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.830
ly-146032
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
oritavancin
oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.		2.610disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		8.4820glycoside
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.2510
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.17101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
pevonedistat
pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.		2.610cyclopentanols;
indanes;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
sulfamidate		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061
UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.610aromatic amide
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
benzoylaconine
benzoylaconine: alkaloid isolated from Aconitum carmichaeli. benzoylaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C32H45NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		2.610benzoate ester;
bridged compound;
diterpene alkaloid;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
polyether;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		phytotoxin;
plant metabolite
sapogenins
Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.		2.2110
chitosan
[no description available]		4.7690
pha 408
PHA 408: an IKK-2 antagonist; structure in first source		3.2510
tegobuvir
tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor		2.610
pf-429242
PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor		2.610
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		2.0810organosulfonic acid
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0810potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		3.2510inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
olaparib
[no description available]		2.610cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
plx 4720
PLX 4720: a B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.2510aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
organochlorine compound;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
cx 4945
[no description available]		2.610
pci 34051
PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor		2.610indolecarboxamide
mk-7009
vaniprevir: inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease. vaniprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor which is approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections in Japan.		3.3110azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
lde225
sonidegib: specific Smoothened/Smo antagonist. sonidegib : A member of the classo of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 6-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine. Used (as its phosphate salt) for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.		4.1920aminopyridine;
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
biphenyls;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		6.4690benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
eapb0203
EAPB0203: antineoplastic; structure in first source		2.9640
lomibuvir
lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity		2.610thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib
[no description available]		2.610C-terminal boronic acid peptide;
phenylpyridine;
secondary alcohol;
threonine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
proteasome inhibitor
pci 32765
ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.		2.6620acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
madecassoside
[no description available]		2.1310carboxylic ester;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
trisaccharide derivative;
triterpenoid saponin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
antirheumatic drug;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary
pitavastatin(1-)
pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
oxymatrine
oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects		7.2510
GRL-0617
GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).		2.610benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor		2.610carbamate ester
niraparib
niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.		2.6102-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
jzl 184
JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source		2.610benzodioxoles
gsk 650394
[no description available]		2.610phenylpyridine
oprozomib
ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
az 960
[no description available]		2.610
golgicide a
golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).		2.610diastereoisomeric mixturecis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		2.7620
cobicistat
[no description available]		2.6101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		2.610biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib
ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.610benzamides;
boronic acids;
dichlorobenzene;
glycine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
orphan drug;
proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101
2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source		2.610
eapb0503
EAPB0503: antineoplastic; structure in first source		7.4920
cx 5461
CX 5461: structure in first source		2.610diazepine;
naphthyridine derivative;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
bi 201335
faldaprevir: inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease		3.3110
plx4032
[no description available]		2.5120aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.1710
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.610aryl sulfide;
thienopyrimidine
elafin
Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG.		3.5911
baricitinib
[no description available]		2.610azetidines;
nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antirheumatic drug;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
KOM70144
KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).		2.610acetamides;
benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.3450
e-52862
[no description available]		2.610
resolvin d1
resolvin D1: an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator; structure in first source. resolvin D1 : A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).		7.1710hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
resolvin;
triol		anti-inflammatory agent
ly2811376
[no description available]		2.610
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		4.1140
anagliptin
anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound		2.610amino acid amide
tmc647055
[no description available]		3.3110
gardiquimod
[no description available]		3.79100
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		3.8220aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
abt-450
paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610
letermovir
letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source		2.610
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.610isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor		2.610benzoxazole
blz 945
[no description available]		2.610
azd3839
AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pf 3084014
nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.		2.610
unc 0638
UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
gs-9620
[no description available]		2.9830
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source		2.610
bms 708163
BMS 708163: structure in first source		2.610oxadiazole;
ring assembly
jq1 compound
[no description available]		2.610carboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
gsk525762a
molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source		2.610benzodiazepine
calcipotriene
calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.		11.0391hydrateantipsoriatic
ML240
ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).		2.610aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
birinapant
birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity		2.610dipeptide
ly2886721
[no description available]		2.610
nms-p118
NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
tubastatin a
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
pyridoindole;
tertiary amino compound		EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat
pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.		2.610benzimidazole;
hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
spautin-1
[no description available]		2.610
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.5220
ldn 57444
LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source		2.610
gsk1210151a
GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source		2.610imidazoquinoline
i-bet726
[no description available]		2.610
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		2.0610
acy-1215
ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.5920
7-methyl-5-(1-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl)-2,3-dihydro-1h-indol-5-yl)-7h-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-amine
7-methyl-5-(1-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: inhibits protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK); structure in first source		2.1510
cudc-907
[no description available]		2.610
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		11.2931ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.0810
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.1510monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
piroxicam
[no description available]		2.0810benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amide
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.58201,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.0810heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.0810benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.5920benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
citrinin
Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.		7.610
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		2.610sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
tasquinimod
tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source		2.610
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
tigecycline
[no description available]		2.0810
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.0810heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
lfm a13
LFM A13: inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase; structure in first source		2.1710
gsk1265744
[no description available]		2.610difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267
ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610aromatic amide;
carbamate ester;
dipeptide;
pyrrolidines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333
dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
pyrimidone;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966
[no description available]		2.610
rg2833
RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
ent-crizotinib
ent-crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that is the (S)-enantiomer of crizotinib.		2.13103-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.1110
pf 3512676
ProMune: an anticancer adjuvant and immunostimulant		3.5520
quil a
Quil A: produces antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus		2.0410
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		4.5870
pi-1840
PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source		2.610
acy-738
[no description available]		2.610
pelabresib
CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
sybr green i
SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.		2.1110benzothiazolium ion;
cyanine dye;
quinolines;
tertiary amine		fluorescent dye
bms-833923
BMS-833923: an Smo inhibitor		3.1610
gs-5806
presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor		2.610
doravirine
[no description available]		2.610
gn6958
GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source		2.610
vx-787
pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs		2.610
ledipasvir
ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.610azaspiro compound;
benzimidazole;
bridged compound;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
fluorenes;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816
velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.		2.610carbamate ester;
ether;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk
G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
kiss1 protein, human
Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.		2.0210
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source		2.610
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		2.610
verdinexor
verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export		2.610
cb-839
[no description available]		2.610
mk-8742
elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		2.610carbamate ester;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin
atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).		2.610
xen445
[no description available]		2.610
santacruzamate a
santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source		2.610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
qs 21
[no description available]		2.1510
sorbitan monolaurate
sorbitan monolaurate: span type materials are artificial esters of the common fatty acids & hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol		2.2110
ldc4297
LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.		2.610aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazoles;
pyrazolotriazine;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
enasidenib
[no description available]		2.6101,3,5-triazines;
aminopyridine;
aromatic amine;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.0510
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		2.0210
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		3.0640
s 8932
[no description available]		2.610aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		3.2350
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		2.2510
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.4110
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		2.3110
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		8.0840
angiogenin
angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400		2.110
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		2.58202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		7.371702-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
nu 1025
NU 1064: structure in first source		2.610phenols;
quinazolines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		3.13102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		4.5370guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
neopterin
[no description available]		4.3422
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		2.0810cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		2.0810benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.7430dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.5820purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		3.89302-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		6.1280L-valyl esterantiviral drug
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.0810benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.61202-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.0810nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		2.0810tetrahydrofolic acid
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		2.0810N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
4-hydroxyquinazoline
4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		2.610carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.610dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
isatoribine anhydrous
[no description available]		3.1310
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		2.610N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
loxoribine
[no description available]		3.1750
bropirimine
[no description available]		1.9810pyrimidines
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.1310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		2.5820(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
rifabutin
[no description available]		2.0810
azilsartan
azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.		2.6101,2,4-oxadiazole;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazolecarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
hesperadin
[no description available]		2.610
nintedanib
nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.		7.3110
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection		2.610
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG		2.7330(3'->5')-dinucleotide
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
hydrazide;
hydrazone;
naphthols		EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
XL413
XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.		2.610benzofuropyrimidine;
organochlorine compound;
pyrrolidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
me0328
ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source		2.610
nvp-tnks656
[no description available]		2.610
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		2.4620
eye
[no description available]		3.1710
quillaja saponins
Quillaja Saponins: Natural detergents made up of a heterogeneous mixture of molecules having a triterpenoid core structure. They vary in aglycone (sapogenin) and sugar moieties, including glucose.		2.0410
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.0810
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		7.1510
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.5720
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		04.0850
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		04.0850
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		015.3414112
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		119.9928224
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		012.572851
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		012.572851
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		03.1950
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		05.4272
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		03.1950
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		05.4272
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		011.15200
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		0147391
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		0147391
HPV Infection
[description not available]		020.8718670
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		09.1350
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		023.8809103
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		09.1350
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		023.8809103
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		122.8718670
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		05.7180
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		05.57230
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		05.57230
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		04.8590
Freckle, Melanotic
[description not available]		015.2711211
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		09.271411
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.7620
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.7620
Chromoblastomycosis
Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)		03.3150
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		07.53210
Diathesis
[description not available]		04.6690
Actinic Keratosis
[description not available]		019.2216744
Keratosis, Actinic
White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.		123.9733488
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.6680
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		03.680
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		03.680
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.5720
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		017.1112421
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		010.45176
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		112.45176
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.76100
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		03.76100
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.51491
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		112.51491
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		03.4970
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		03.4970
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		017.6717015
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.2670
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		119.6717015
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		05.2670
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		01915033
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		12115033
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		011.96702
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		113.96702
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		020.6331760
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		125.38634120
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		05.55190
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		010.55190
Genital Warts
[description not available]		020.2524051
Verruca
[description not available]		014.138711
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		122.2524051
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		014.138711
Ache
[description not available]		09.81136
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		014.81136
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.8220
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		03.4950
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		03.4950
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		018.9110467
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
[description not available]		08.1162
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
A cytological test finding that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL cells.		110.1162
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		123.64208134
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		010.88223
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		018.418363
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		018.418363
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		015.765716
Bowen Disease
[description not available]		014.18915
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		117.765716
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		08.0730
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		19.88160
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		03.4870
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		03.4870
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		016.197719
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		016.197719
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		03.6690
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.6690
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		02.8130
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		05.76181
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		02.8130
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		05.76181
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		017.411524
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		119.411524
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		06.97101
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		06.7443
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		05.2931
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		06.97101
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		06.7443
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		05.2931
Dermatoses
[description not available]		019.3843
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		014.3843
Adenopathy
[description not available]		02.4110
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		03.7170
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		011.26150
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		06.26150
Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary
[description not available]		05.3680
Lentigines
[description not available]		05.4270
Lentigo
Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).		17.4270
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		02.4110
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.4110
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		03.7130
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		08.7130
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		03.5760
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		03.5760
Avian Flu
[description not available]		02.4110
Grippe
[description not available]		07.5274
Influenza in Birds
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.		14.4110
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		19.5274
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		03.4760
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.7620
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		03.5370
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		09.4470
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		16.4470
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		010.23245
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		112.23245
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		02.4110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.830
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.830
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.610
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.610
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.610
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.610
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.0240
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.0240
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		03.6930
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		03.6930
Nevus Flammeus
[description not available]		07.0461
Port-Wine Stain
A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483)		19.0461
Gouty Arthritis
[description not available]		02.4110
Arthritis, Gouty
Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.		02.4110
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		02.6320
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4110
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		02.6320
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		06.16110
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		18.16110
Itching
[description not available]		07.23313
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		07.23313
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		08.7490
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		010.4411
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		06.53161
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		06.53161
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.6120
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.6120
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		06.2671
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		18.2671
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.610
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.610
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		02.610
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		02.610
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis
[description not available]		011.02180
Porokeratosis
A heritable disorder of faulty keratinization characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clones of KERATINOCYTES and lesions showing varying atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. These keratotic lesions can progress to overt cutaneous neoplasm. Several clinical variants are recognized, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, linear porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, palmoplantar porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis.		06.02180
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.3591
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.		19.3591
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		013.02312
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		013.02312
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		05.21150
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		03.3860
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		03.3860
Kaposi Disease
[description not available]		03.5580
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.		03.5580
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.3550
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.3550
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		013.74476
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		013.74476
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		08.73229
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		06.28180
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		06.28180
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.9630
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.9630
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		05.51230
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		04.0650
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		09.81574
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.5220
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.2110
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.5220
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.2110
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.8321
Margins of Excision
The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.		07.4481
Surgical Incision
[description not available]		02.2510
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.		07.09110
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.2110
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		03.0340
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		02.2110
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		03.0340
Molluscum Contagiosum
A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed)		012.01597
Anogenital Type Verrucous Carcinoma
[description not available]		04.6350
Recrudescence
[description not available]		013.987114
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		114.54333
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		06.66102
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		04.7940
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		03.1750
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		06.66102
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		04.7940
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.35120
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.2510
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		013.36409
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		012.6339
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		012.22359
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		013.36409
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.		04.1530
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		03.9640
Balanitis
Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.		03.4120
Parakeratosis
Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.5420
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.2510
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.2510
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.6320
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		010.17546
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		03.76100
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		03.76100
Acute Symptom Flare
[description not available]		02.2510
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.2510
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.2510
Fifth Phacomatosis
[description not available]		05.62120
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.		05.62120
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.5820
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.5820
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.2860
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		02.2510
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.6120
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		04.4470
Lichen Ruber Planus
[description not available]		03.1950
Lichen Planus
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.		03.1950
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		02.5220
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.520
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		02.520
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		03.2550
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		02.7630
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.2510
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.2510
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.4920
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.2510
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		07.4920
Co-infection
[description not available]		03.9840
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		08.38281
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		08.38281
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		03.2150
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		05.7771
External Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.		02.2510
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.5420
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.5420
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix
A cytological test finding often from PAP SMEARS that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS of the CERVIX. It is a diagnostic criterion used in the Bethesda System for UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS and represents the PAP TEST result that is abnormal. Although squamous intraepithelial lesions test result does not mean UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS it requires follow-ups (e.g., HPV DNA TESTS; and COLPOSCOPY).		010.1931
Vaginal Diseases
Pathological processes of the VAGINA.		02.8130
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		04.7261
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.2510
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		011.32110
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.2510
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.2510
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.6620
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.6620
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.6620
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		07.5120
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		07.5120
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.4720
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.2510
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.4720
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		010.69333
Merkel Cell Cancer
[description not available]		03.8940
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell
A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)		03.8940
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		010.05112
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		010.05112
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		02.3110
Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		02.3110
Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic
A spectrum of disorders characterized by clonal expansions of the peripheral blood LYMPHOCYTE populations known as large granular lymphocytes which contain abundant cytoplasm and azurophilic granules. Subtypes develop from either CD3-negative NATURAL KILLER CELLS or CD3-positive T-CELLS. The clinical course of both subtypes can vary from spontaneous regression to progressive, malignant disease.		02.3110
Emesis
[description not available]		07.9640
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.5220
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.9640
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.2510
Bleb
[description not available]		02.5220
Pink Eye
[description not available]		02.5220
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.6530
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.5220
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		08.6530
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.2510
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		05.1152
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.1950
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease
[description not available]		03.6830
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.		03.6830
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		07.09101
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.3110
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		07.09101
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.3110
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		03.1710
Leukemic Infiltration
A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.		02.2510
Adnexal and Skin Appendage Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2310
Licheniform Eruptions
[description not available]		02.5720
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.1550
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.5920
Microbial Superinvasion
[description not available]		02.3110
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.5920
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.5120
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		14.5120
Impetigo Contagiosa
[description not available]		02.3110
Impetigo
A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.		07.3110
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.3110
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.3110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.8430
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.8430
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous
A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms.		02.3110
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		02.3110
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		07.3110
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0650
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		04.0650
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.8630
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		07.8630
Male Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.8370
Neoplasms, Sweat Gland
[description not available]		04.1150
Genital Neoplasms, Male
Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.		04.8370
Cholesteatoma
A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.		02.3110
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		04.5450
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		09.5450
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.3110
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.3110
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.7630
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		07.7630
Central Nervous System Lupus
[description not available]		02.3110
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.3110
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.3110
Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous
A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.		02.3110
Vulvitis
Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination.		04.0650
Pyrexia
[description not available]		02.9940
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		02.9940
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.		05.73130
Nevi, Melanocytic
[description not available]		03.8721
Halo Nevi
[description not available]		02.3110
Nevus, Pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.		03.8721
Lassitude
[description not available]		05.8242
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		05.8242
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		03.0340
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		03.0340
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		02.1510
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		02.1510
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		010.67289
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		06.6102
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		011.19179
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.7930
Armstrong Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1510
Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6790
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		07.68135
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		07.68135
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		05.17100
Endothelioma, Lymphatic
[description not available]		03.3360
Lymphangioma
A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component.		03.3360
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.1510
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.1510
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Viral
[description not available]		02.1510
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.1510
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.6830
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		03.4220
Infections, Poxviridae
[description not available]		03.4220
Limited Scleroderma
[description not available]		02.1710
Scleroderma, Limited
The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.		02.1710
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		02.5820
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		14.5820
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.6961
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		16.6961
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.1710
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		02.1710
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		06.0961
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		18.0961
Generalized Vulvodynia
[description not available]		03.0910
Arm Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM.		02.1710
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		02.1710
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		02.1710
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.1710
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		06.3131
Eyelid Neoplasms
Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.		07.37222
Angioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.		07.83181
Hemangioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)		19.83181
Caliciviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.		02.1710
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.520
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		07.520
Metastase
[description not available]		06.66102
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		06.66102
Angiogranuloma
[description not available]		05.0590
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		03.9121
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		07.6394
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		010.041210
Hypomelanosis
[description not available]		05.0690
Paronychia
An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)		02.1710
Skin Diseases, Viral
Skin diseases caused by viruses.		06.56150
Hypopigmentation
A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.		05.0690
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.1710
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.1710
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		05.94230
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		05.94230
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		09.57231
Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2110
Histiocytosis, Sinus
Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.		02.2110
Urethral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.		02.1710
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		04.3670
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		16.3670
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		05.77112
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.2110
Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.4920
Pemphigoid, Bullous
A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.		02.4920
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		05.13100
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.1710
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.1710
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.1710
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.1710
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2110
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		02.2110
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		08.73153
Eccrine Porocarcinoma
A rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands. It most often develops as a form of degenerative progression from a benign ECCRINE POROMA.		02.2110
Epidermal Cyst
Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules.		02.7630
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		02.2110
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		02.2110
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.		02.2110
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.2110
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.2110
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		03.0240
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		03.0240
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		02.2110
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		02.2110
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		08.0673
Atheroma
[description not available]		03.7330
Abnormalities, Skin
[description not available]		02.3110
Skin Abnormalities
Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.		02.3110
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		08.8940
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		03.8940
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		016.578324
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		016.578324
Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell
Anaplastic lymphoma of the skin which develops as a primary neoplasm expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. It is characterized by solitary nodules or ulcerated tumors.		02.2110
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		02.2110
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		02.2110
Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood
[description not available]		02.2110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		04.8371
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		07.0810
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.3820
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.3820
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		06.0252
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		06.0252
Congenital Foot Deformities
[description not available]		02.0810
Elephant Man Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Proteus Syndrome
Hamartoneoplastic malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology characterized by partial GIGANTISM of the hands and/or feet, asymmetry of the limbs, plantar hyperplasia, hemangiomas (HEMANGIOMA), lipomas (LIPOMA), lymphangiomas (LYMPHANGIOMA), epidermal NEVI; MACROCEPHALY; cranial HYPEROSTOSIS, and long-bone overgrowth. Joseph Merrick, the so-called elephant man, apparently suffered from Proteus syndrome and not NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, a disorder with similar characteristics.		02.0810
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.0810
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		02.0810
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		02.0810
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		02.0810
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.		04.6840
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.5250
Vulvar Diseases
Pathological processes of the VULVA.		06.81174
Lupus Vulgaris
A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa.		07.110
Infection
[description not available]		03.6730
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		03.6730
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		03.4470
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.0810
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.0810
Candidiasis, Genital
[description not available]		02.0810
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal
Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.		02.0810
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		0310
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.		0310
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		0310
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		03.4120
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.4420
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		14.4420
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		0310
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.8130
Xanthoma
[description not available]		07.0810
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		05.9460
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		04.9142
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		04.9142
Erythroplasia
A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions.		02.9440
Hyperplasia, Reactive Lymphoid
[description not available]		02.110
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0810
Infections, Picornaviridae
[description not available]		02.7830
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.0810
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		05.8381
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.110
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		0984
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		011.3133
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0810
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.0810
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.0810
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.0810
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		02.110
Amentia
[description not available]		02.110
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		02.110
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.110
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		02.110
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		02.110
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		02.110
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.110
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		04.5351
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		04.5351
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		03.8321
Chloasma
[description not available]		03.4220
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		08.4220
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.110
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		02.110
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.110
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		013.73214
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.110
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Encephalitis, Japanese B
[description not available]		02.110
Encephalitis, Japanese
A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)		02.110
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		02.7830
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.7830
Hair Diseases
Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.		03.0110
Shingles
[description not available]		03.0110
Xeroderma
[description not available]		03.0110
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0110
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		03.0110
Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral
[description not available]		04.1230
Penile Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.		08.94172
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.110
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.4720
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.4720
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.110
Ketron-Goodman Disease
A generalized or disseminated form of pagetoid reticulosis. Some authors consider it to be a primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotrophic CD8+ T-Cell lymphoma.		03.0410
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.1110
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.1110
Carcinoma, Verrucous
A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, esophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy is not indicated, as up to 30% treated with radiation become highly aggressive within six months. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.9740
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.1110
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		05.0631
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		05.0631
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.4720
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4720
Chancre
The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.		03.0310
Skin Syphilis
[description not available]		03.0310
Hemangioma, Capillary
A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.0431
Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary
[description not available]		05.0731
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.1310
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.		02.1310
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The condition usually occurs in children and young adults and has familial predilection, lasting for several months, sometimes years, before running its course. A viral etiology is suspected, the isolated organism being usually the human papillomavirus. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry; Belshe, Textbook of Human Virology, 2d ed, p954)		02.7330
Endothelioma, Vascular
[description not available]		03.3720
Hemangioendothelioma
A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		03.3720
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.1310
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		14.1310
Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Melanoma, Amelanotic
An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.9940
Ear Infection
[description not available]		02.1110
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.1310
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.1310
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.1310
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.1310
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.6630
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		03.6630
Capillary Leak Syndrome
A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.		07.1310
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		07.1310
Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome
Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.		02.1510
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		02.1310
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.1310
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.1310
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.1310
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.1310
Candidiasis, Cutaneous
Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1310
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.1310
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.520
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.520
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		02.1510
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Infections, Soft Tissue
[description not available]		03.0410
Acne
[description not available]		03.0410
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		03.8420
Nail Fungus
[description not available]		03.0410
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		03.0410
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		03.8420
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.		03.0410
Soft Tissue Infections
Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)		03.0410
Acanthosis Nigricans
A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.		02.1310
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		03.6930
Atresia, Biliary
[description not available]		02.1710
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.1710
Biliary Atresia
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.		02.1710
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.1710
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		02.1710
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1510
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.		02.1510
Keratosis, Oral
[description not available]		02.7730
Leukoplakia, Oral
A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		02.7730
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		03.6530
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		08.6530
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		07.1510
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.1310
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.1310
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.1310
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.2360
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		02.4920
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		02.4920
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.1510
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.1510
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		07.4920
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.1510
Acanthoma
A neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells.		07.4420
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		02.4320
Hives
[description not available]		02.4520
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		07.4320
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		02.4520
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		02.0410
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		02.0410
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		09.24193
Lymphatic Abnormalities
Congenital or acquired structural abnormalities of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOID TISSUE) including the lymph vessels.		02.0410
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.		02.4520
Basal Cell Cancer
[description not available]		03.3520
Aldrich Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.		02.0410
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		02.4420
Exanthem
[description not available]		07.0510
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.0510
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		02.0510
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		02.0510
Blue Nevi
[description not available]		02.0510
Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		02.9540
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0510
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.9540
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		07.9540
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		02.9610
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		02.9610
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Infections, RNA Virus
[description not available]		02.0510
Blastocyst Disintegration
[description not available]		02.0510
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		02.0510
Papulosquamous Disorders
[description not available]		03.8640
Blue-Eared Pig Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Aujeszky Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.0510
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine
A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.		02.0510
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		04.7521
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic, Stable Phase
[description not available]		03.4411
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		04.7521
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		06.1641
Great Pox
[description not available]		02.9710
Chancroid
Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused by HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI, it occurs endemically almost worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries and more commonly in seaports and urban areas than in rural areas.		02.9710
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.9710
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		06.1641
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		02.9710
Lichen Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.8840
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting the female genitalia (VULVAR LICHEN SCLEROSUS) and BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS in males. It is also called white spot disease and Csillag's disease.		03.8840
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		02.0510
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		02.4420
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		02.0610
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.7230
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		02.0510
Acantholysis Bullosa
[description not available]		02.0510
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.		02.0510
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.0510
Dupuytren's Contracture
[description not available]		02.4420
Dupuytren Contracture
A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50.		07.4420
Pruritus Vulvae
Intense itching of the external female genitals.		02.0510
Conjunctival Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0510
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Insect Bites
[description not available]		02.0510
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0510
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		02.0510
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0510
Acantholysis
Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see PEMPHIGUS) and DARIER DISEASE.		02.0510
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.0610
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.9810
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.9810
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.		02.9810
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.9810
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.0610
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		02.0610
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma, Skin Appendage
A malignant tumor of the skin appendages, which include the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and the mammary glands. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.0610
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.0610
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.0610
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		14.0610
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		14.0610
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms
Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.		02.0610
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		07.0610
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0610
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.0610
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		02.0610
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		02.4520
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.4520
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		02.0710
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.0710
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.0710
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.4720
Joint Pain
[description not available]		02.0610
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.8421
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.8421
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		02.0610
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.0610
Dizzyness
[description not available]		02.0610
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		02.0610
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		02.0610
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Cold Sore
[description not available]		03.8321
Herpes Labialis
Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		03.8321
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		02.0710
Convulsions, Febrile
[description not available]		02.0710
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		02.7330
Seizures, Febrile
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)		02.0710
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		02.7330
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		02.0710
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		02.0710
Branch Vein Occlusion
[description not available]		02.0710
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.		02.0710
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia
Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells.		02.7330
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.9910
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		02.9910
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.9910
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.9910
Orbital Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		02.9910
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.9910
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.9910
Skin Diseases, Vascular
Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.		02.0710
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.0710
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		02.0710
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.0710
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		02.0710
Anaplasma Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Corridor Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Latent Tuberculosis
The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.		02.0710
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0710
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		03.3911
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		03.3911
Gingivostomatitis, Herpetic
[description not available]		02.9210
Stomatitis, Herpetic
Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.		02.9210
DNA Virus Infections
Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.		02.9210
Foreign-Body Granuloma
[description not available]		02.0110
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4220
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.4220
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		02.9310
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.9310
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.9310
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		02.9310
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.9310
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		02.7130
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		02.7130
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		02.0210
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.4320
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.		02.0210
Keratosis Seborrheica
[description not available]		04.3211
Keratosis, Seborrheic
Benign eccrine poromas that present as multiple oval, brown-to-black plaques, located mostly on the chest and back. The age of onset is usually in the fourth or fifth decade.		04.3211
Encephalitis, West Nile Fever
[description not available]		02.0210
West Nile Fever
A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)		02.0210
Neoplasms, Vascular
[description not available]		02.9310
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		07.0210
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		02.9310
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		02.9310
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.0210
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		14.0210
Aphthae
[description not available]		02.4320
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		02.4320
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.0210
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.0210
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		02.0210
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		02.0210
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		02.0210
AIDS, Simian
[description not available]		02.0210
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		02.0210
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		02.0210
Acrospiroma
A rare cutaneous tumor of apocrine or eccrine SWEAT GLAND origin. It is most commonly found on the extremities and is usually benign. It appears as a solitary nodule or cyst and may be solid or produce a watery discharge. It is related to POROMA except in acrospiroma it does not involve the epidermis. There is no indication that heredity or external agents cause these tumors.		02.0210
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0310
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		02.0310
Granuloma Annulare
Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.		07.0210
B-K Mole Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome
Clinically atypical nevi (usually exceeding 5 mm in diameter and having variable pigmentation and ill defined borders) with an increased risk for development of non-familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biopsies show melanocytic dysplasia. Nevi are clinically and histologically identical to the precursor lesions for melanoma in the B-K mole syndrome. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Clinically benign, histologically malignant, recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by an infiltration of large atypical cells surrounded by inflammatory cells. The atypical cells resemble REED-STERNBERG CELLS of HODGKIN DISEASE or the malignant cells of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA. In some cases, lymphomatoid papulosis progresses to lymphomatous conditions including MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; HODGKIN DISEASE; CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA; or ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA.		07.0310
Arsenic Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.0310
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		02.0310
Ear Deformities, Acquired
Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth.		03.4111
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		02.0310
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid
A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0310
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.9410
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		14.9410
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		02.0310
Athlete's Foot
[description not available]		02.0310
Tinea Pedis
Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.		07.0310
Benign Chronic Pemphigus
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenoma, Sweat Gland
A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Mole, Skin
[description not available]		02.0310
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		02.0310
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.0310
EBV Infections
[description not available]		02.0310
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		02.0310
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.0310
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		07.0310
Vascular Malformations
A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.		02.0310
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.0410
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		07.0410
Kraurosis Vulvae
[description not available]		02.0410
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS.		02.0410
Leg Dermatoses
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4220
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		02.0410
ATLL
[description not available]		02.0410
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.0410
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.420
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.0410
Infections, Respirovirus
[description not available]		01.9910
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		01.9910
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9110
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		01.9810
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		0210
Fibroepithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		01.9710
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		01.9710
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9710