ceftobiprole profile

ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	135413542
CHEMBL ID	520642
CHEBI ID	140407
SCHEMBL ID	158871
SCHEMBL ID	2671901
SCHEMBL ID	19236292
MeSH ID	M0410581

Synonym
ceftobiprole
ro-63-9141
bal-9141
ro-63-9141/000
(6r,7r)-7-{[(2z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino}-8-oxo-3-{(e)-[(3'r)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl}-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
CHEBI:140407
ceftobiprolum
7-{[(2z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-{(e)-[(3'r)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl}-3,4-didehydrocepham-4-carboxylic acid
ceftobiprol
ceftobiprole (usan/inn)
209467-52-7
D08885
bal-9141-000
bal9141-000
ro-639141
CHEMBL520642
bal-9141000
ro 63-9141
C-2560 ,
bal 9141-000
bal 9141
ceftobiprole [usan:inn]
5t97333yzk ,
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2z)-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)(hydroxyimino)acetyl)amino)-8-oxo-3-((e)-((3'r)-2-oxo(1,3'-bipyrrolidin)-3-ylidene)methyl)-, (6r,7r)-
(6r,7r)-7-((2z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((e)((3'r)-2-oxo-(1,3'-bipyrrolidin)-3-ylidene)-methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid antibiotic
unii-5t97333yzk
bal9141
ceftobiprole [who-dd]
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2z)-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)(hydroxyimino)acetyl)amino)-8-oxo-3-((e)-((3'r)-2-
(6r,7r)-7-((2z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((e)((3'r)-2-oxo-(1,3'-bipyrrolidin)-3-ylidene)methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
ceftobiprole [mi]
ceftobiprole [inn]
ceftobiprole [usan]
DB04918
SCHEMBL158871
ceftobiprole, antibiotic for culture media use only
SCHEMBL2671901
(6r,7r)-7-[[(2z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(e)-[2-oxo-1-[(3r)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]pyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SCHEMBL19236292
HY-112579
CS-0047547
DTXSID40870229
MS-29879
EX-A7746

Excerpt	Reference
"Ceftobiprole (BAL9141) is an investigational cephalosporin with broad in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci, including enterococci. "	( Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates. Arias, CA; Murray, BE; Panesso, D; Singh, KV, 2007)
"Ceftobiprole (BPR) is an investigational cephalosporin with activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. "	( Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains. Laohavaleeson, S; Nicolau, DP; Tessier, PR, 2008)
"Ceftobiprole is a promising new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against several multidrug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative species, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis. Barbour, A; Derendorf, H; Grant, M; Murthy, B; Sabarinath, SN; Schmidt, S; Seubert, C; Skee, D, 2009)
"Ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin with potent activity against methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole. Drusano, GL; Gotfried, M; Kahn, JB; Khashab, M; Laohavaleeson, S; Lodise, TP; Murray, SA; Nicholson, S; Nicolau, DP; Noel, GJ; Rodvold, KA; Tessier, PR, 2009)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the penicillin binding protein that mediates the methicillin resistance of staphylococci and is active against MRSA."	( Ceftobiprole is superior to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid for treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Basuino, L; Bauer, D; Chambers, HF; Diep, BA; Tattevin, P, 2010)
"Ceftobiprole is a new cephalosporin that exhibits a high level of affinity for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PBP 2a. "	( Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium. Amoroso, A; Coyette, J; Henry, X; Joris, B, 2010)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin currently approved for community-acquired and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia. "	( Ceftobiprole: a clinical view. López Cortés, LE; Martínez Pérez-Crespo, PM, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel β-lactam antibiotic, active against methicillin-resistant "	( Study of Degradation Kinetics and Structural Analysis of Related Substances of Ceftobiprole by HPLC with UV and MS/MS Detection. Boczar, D; Bus, K; Michalska, K, 2022)
"Ceftobiprole is a safe and effective therapeutic choice, even in a real-world setting. "	( CEFTO-CURE study: CEFTObiprole Clinical Use in Real-lifE - a multi-centre experience in Italy. Bartoletti, M; Bassetti, M; Bavaro, DF; Bono, VD; Buonomo, AR; Canta, F; Carbonara, S; Congera, P; Corcione, S; De Rosa, FG; Durante-Mangoni, E; Falcone, M; Gentile, I; Giacobbe, DR; Karruli, A; Maraolo, AE; Mikulska, MK; Moriello, NS; Palmiero, G; Paradiso, L; Sordella, F; Tascini, C; Tiseo, G; Vena, A; Viale, P; Vozza, A, 2023)
"Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with potent and rapid bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant "	( Structural Insights into Ceftobiprole Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Penicillin-Binding Protein 3. Bethel, CR; Bonomo, RA; Desarbre, E; Kumar, V; Papp-Wallace, KM; Tang, C; van den Akker, F; Wyatt, J, 2020)
"Ceftobiprole is a new therapeutic option for bacterial pneumonia, with activity against most antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Real-life experience with ceftobiprole in a tertiary-care hospital. Andini, R; Bertolino, L; Corcione, A; Durante-Mangoni, E; Esposito, C; Karruli, A; Mazza, MC; Murino, P; Paradiso, L; Sangiovanni, F; Ursi, MP; Zampino, R, 2020)
"Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation intravenous cephalosporin with broad in vitro activity against gram-positive (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative pathogens."	( Ceftobiprole Compared With Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind Trial (TARGET). Engelhardt, M; Gonzalez-Rojas, Y; Gumenchuk, I; Hamed, KA; Ionescu, D; Jones, ME; Keech, R; Kim, C; Ninov, B; Overcash, JS; Saulay, M; Simeonov, S; Smart, JI; Waters, M, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole is an advance generation cephalosporin which has broad-spectrum bacterial activity (both against Gram-positive and negative pathogens) and was approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in most European countries. "	( Ceftobiprole and pneumonia in adults admitted to the emergency department is it time to assess a new therapeutic algorithm? Basso, B; Crapis, M; Della Siega, P; Garlatti, E; Pontoni, E; Rosa, R; Tonizzo, M; Venturini, S, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation cephalosporin with a favourable safety profile. "	( Real-life experience with ceftobiprole in Canada: Results from the CLEAR (CanadianLEadership onAntimicrobialReal-life usage) registry. Baxter, M; Bergevin, M; Borgia, S; Dhami, R; Dow, G; Dube, M; Irfan, N; Karlowsky, J; Keynan, Y; Kosar, J; Lagacé-Wiens, P; MacDonald, KS; Tascini, C; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation cephalosporin for intravenous administration with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. "	( Model-Based Approach for Optimizing Ceftobiprole Dosage in Pediatric Patients. Cammarata, AP; Hamed, K; Litherland, K; Polak, M; Rubino, CM; Schröpf, S; Smits, A, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin. "	( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Ceftobiprole in Asian and Non-Asian Subjects. Engelhardt, M; Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N; Schmitt-Hoffmann, AH, 2018)
"Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin approved for the treatment of pneumonia, with a broad antibacterial spectrum, including potent activity against methicillin-resistant "	( Validation and Application of an HPLC-DAD Method for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ceftobiprole. Bennis, Y; Bodeau, S; Lemaire-Hurtel, AS; Leven, C; Lima, B; Quinton, MC, 2019)
"Ceftobiprole is a relatively new cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity and good tolerability. "	( Ceftobiprole for the treatment of infective endocarditis: A case series. Attanasio, V; Bernardo, M; Carozza, A; Francisci, D; Oltolini, C; Pallotto, C; Palmiero, G; Ripa, M; Scarpellini, P; Tascini, C, 2020)
"Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with potent antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. "	( Ceftobiprole for the treatment of pneumonia. Cillóniz, C; Dominedò, C; Garcia-Vidal, C; Torres, A, 2019)
"Ceftobiprole is a new cephalosporin with an extended spectrum activity against the majority of microorganisms isolated in bacteremia including methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant S. "	( Ceftobripole: Experience in staphylococcal bacteremia. Morata, L; Soriano, A, 2019)
"Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin approved for the treatment of adult community-acquired pneumonia and non-ventilator associated hospital-acquired pneumonia. "	( Possible clinical indications of ceftobiprole. Barberán, J, 2019)
"Ceftobiprole is a fifth generation cephalosporin with a series of characteristics differentiating it from other beta-lactams, including its antibacterial activity, mainly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and also Gram-negative microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "	( Safety and tolerability of ceftobiprole. Grau, S, 2019)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "	( Activity of ceftobiprole against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin, linezolid or vancomycin, and strains with defined SCCmec types. Farrell, DJ; Flamm, RK; Jones, RN; Sader, HS, 2014)
"Ceftobiprole medocaril is a newly approved drug in Europe for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (excluding patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia but including ventilated HAP patients) and community-acquired pneumonia in adults. "	( Ceftobiprole activity against over 60,000 clinical bacterial pathogens isolated in Europe, Turkey, and Israel from 2005 to 2010. Farrell, DJ; Flamm, RK; Jones, RN; Sader, HS, 2014)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin that demonstrates activity against Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, including strains with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides and lipopeptides. "	( Potent synergy of ceftobiprole plus daptomycin against multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus with various resistance phenotypes. Barber, KE; Ireland, CE; Nonejuie, P; Pogliano, J; Rybak, MJ; Sakoulas, G; Stone, NE; Werth, BJ, 2014)
"Ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin with broad binding affinity for enterococcal PBP subtypes including PBP5."	( Ceftobiprole and ampicillin increase daptomycin susceptibility of daptomycin-susceptible and -resistant VRE. Barber, KE; Nonejuie, P; Pogliano, J; Rybak, MJ; Sakoulas, G; Tran, KN; Werth, BJ, 2015)
"Ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin agent with MRSA activity, currently approved in selected countries for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia."	( Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of ceftobiprole for the treatment of MRSA. Danziger, LH; Glowacki, RC; Horn, KS; Rodvold, KA, 2017)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with demonstrated in vitro activity against Gram-positive cocci, including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-resistant S."	( Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin. Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Lam, A; Noreddin, AM; Rubinstein, E; Schweizer, F; Thomson, K; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2008)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including several resistant species such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. "	( Ceftobiprole: a novel cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Barbour, A; Derendorf, H; Rand, KH; Schmidt, S, 2009)
"Ceftobiprole is a new cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens."	( In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Espinal, P; Marti, S; Sánchez-Céspedes, J; Vila, J, 2009)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel, broad-spectrum, parenteral cephalosporin undergoing Phase III clinical trials. "	( Ceftobiprole: A novel, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Dauner, DG; Nelson, RE; Taketa, DC, 2010)
"Ceftobiprole is a new broad-spectrum pyrrolidinone cephem active against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. "	( Effect of ceftobiprole on the normal human intestinal microflora. Asker-Hagelberg, C; Bäckström, T; Beck, O; Nord, CE; Panagiotidis, G; Rashid, MU; Weintraub, A, 2010)
"Ceftobiprole is an investigational intravenous broad-spectrum cephalosporin with in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "	( In vitro activities of ceftobiprole combined with amikacin or levofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence of a synergistic effect using time-kill methodology. Davies, T; Decker-Burgard, S; Körber-Irrgang, B; Kresken, M; Läuffer, J, 2011)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with potent activity against staphylococci, including those resistant to oxacillin, as well as against most gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "	( Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens: results from INVITA-A-CEFTO Brazilian study. Azevedo, HD; Cereda, RF; Gales, AC; Girardello, R; Xavier, DE, )
"Ceftobiprole is a recently developed, latest generation cephalosporin and has been the first to show activity against MRSA by inhibiting essential peptidoglycan transpeptidases, including the β-lactam resistance determinant PBP2a, from MRSA."	( Structural insights into the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of ceftobiprole. Danel, F; de Castro, L; Gretes, MC; Lovering, AL; Page, MG; Safadi, SS; Strynadka, NC, 2012)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the methicillin-resistance determinant of staphylococci, and is active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Evaluation of ceftobiprole in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Chambers, HF, 2005)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with expanded activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA."	( MRSA--the tip of the iceberg. Appelbaum, PC, 2006)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that is active in vitro against streptococci and staphylococci, including penicillin-resistant strains of pneumococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Ceftobiprole: in-vivo profile of a bactericidal cephalosporin. Chambers, HF, 2006)
"Ceftobiprole (BAL9141) is an investigational cephalosporin active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci administered as a water-soluble prodrug, ceftobiprole medocaril (BAL5788). "	( Ceftobiprole medocaril (BAL5788) treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae murine pneumonia. Anguita-Alonso, P; Hein, MM; Patel, R; Rouse, MS; Steckelberg, JM, 2006)
"Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is undergoing phase III trials for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia. "	( Probability of target attainment for ceftobiprole as derived from a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 150 subjects. Bush, K; Drusano, GL; Kahn, JB; Kimko, HC; Lodise, TP; Murthy, BP; Noel, GJ; Pypstra, R, 2007)
"Ceftobiprole is a novel, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with in-vitro activity against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. "	( In-vitro profile of a new beta-lactam, ceftobiprole, with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jones, ME, 2007)
"Ceftobiprole is a new beta-lactam molecule engineered for bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci that also exhibits an extended broad spectrum of activity covering the most clinically important Gram-positive (methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci, other streptococci and ampicillin-susceptible enterococci) and Gram-negative (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Haemophilus spp."	( Redesigning beta-lactams to combat resistance: summary and conclusions. Rossolini, GM, 2007)
"Ceftobiprole is a 1st-in-class anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) extended-spectrum cephalosporin currently in clinical trials for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) and nosocomial pneumonia. "	( Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole, a novel anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, tested against contemporary pathogens: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2005-2006). Fritsche, TR; Jones, RN; Sader, HS, 2008)

Excerpt	Reference
"Ceftobiprole has a very low activity against MDR"	( The antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against Methicillin-resistant Altamimi, LA; Somily, AM, 2022)
"Ceftobiprole has a modest post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of approximately 0.5 hours for MRSA and a longer PAE of approximately 2 hours for penicillin-resistant pneumococci."	( Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin. Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Lam, A; Noreddin, AM; Rubinstein, E; Schweizer, F; Thomson, K; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2008)
"Ceftobiprole has a low potential for inducing chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases but it is hydrolyzed by most extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-beta-lactamases."	( Ceftobiprole: a new broad spectrum cephalosporin. El Solh, A, 2009)

Excerpt	Reference
"Ceftobiprole was used because of failure of (71.1%), resistance to (18.4%) or adverse effects from (10.5%) previously prescribed antimicrobial agents."	( Real-life experience with ceftobiprole in Canada: Results from the CLEAR (CanadianLEadership onAntimicrobialReal-life usage) registry. Baxter, M; Bergevin, M; Borgia, S; Dhami, R; Dow, G; Dube, M; Irfan, N; Karlowsky, J; Keynan, Y; Kosar, J; Lagacé-Wiens, P; MacDonald, KS; Tascini, C; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2021)
"Ceftobiprole displays a low plasma protein binding of approximately 22%."	( Ceftobiprole: a novel cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Barbour, A; Derendorf, H; Rand, KH; Schmidt, S, 2009)
"Ceftobiprole does not inhibit the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme system, so the possibility of drug-drug interactions is low."	( Ceftobiprole: A novel, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Dauner, DG; Nelson, RE; Taketa, DC, 2010)

Excerpt	Reference
" All doses were well tolerated, with no severe or serious adverse events (AEs)."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Kovács, P; Man, A; Nashed, N; Perez, A; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004)
" BAL5788 was well tolerated, with no severe or serious adverse events (AEs) or dosing-related changes in laboratory parameters, electrocardiographic findings, or vital signs."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Man, A; Nashed, N; Nyman, L; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004)
" This article also addresses the results of these trials in the context of the current medical need for safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with MRSA coverage."	( The efficacy and safety of ceftobiprole in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections: evidence from 2 clinical trials. Deresinski, SC, 2008)

Excerpt	Reference
" Safety and pharmacokinetic data from a multiple-dose study with 16 healthy male volunteers are reported."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Man, A; Nashed, N; Nyman, L; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004)
" The objectives were to describe the pharmacodynamic profiles of ceftobiprole given at 500 mg intravenously (i."	( Probability of target attainment for ceftobiprole as derived from a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 150 subjects. Bush, K; Drusano, GL; Kahn, JB; Kimko, HC; Lodise, TP; Murthy, BP; Noel, GJ; Pypstra, R, 2007)
" This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ceftobiprole and addresses in detail the population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation analyses used to determine the candidate doses for the cSSSI and nosocomial pneumonia phase 3 clinical trials."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ceftobiprole. Fritsche, TR; Gorodecky, E; Jones, RN; Lodise, TP; Patel, N; Renaud-Mutart, A, 2008)
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)
"Population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that renal function, as assessed by creatinine clearance (CL(CR)), was the patient characteristic that had a clinically relevant impact on ceftobiprole pharmacodynamics."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Kimko, H; Murthy, B; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Strauss, R; Xu, X, 2009)
" Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were obtained from a three-compartment population PK model."	( Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Bagchi, P; Kimko, H; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Samtani, MN; Strauss, RS; Xu, X, 2009)
" A two-compartment model with distribution factors to account for differences between free serum and tissue interstitial space fluid concentration appropriately fit the pharmacokinetic data."	( Application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation for the prediction of target attainment of ceftobiprole against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using minimum inhibitory concentration and time-kill curve based approaches. Barbour, AM; Derendorf, H; Rand, K; Schmidt, S; Zhuang, L, 2014)
" Finally, a pharmacodynamic analysis was performed by comparing measures of exposure and target attainment."	( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Ceftobiprole in Asian and Non-Asian Subjects. Engelhardt, M; Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N; Schmitt-Hoffmann, AH, 2018)
"Ceftobiprole shows many similar pharmacokinetic properties to other cephalosporins, except for not being orally bioactive, and that it is administered by IV infusion as the prodrug ceftobiprole medocaril, which is subsequently hydrolyzed in the blood into the active molecule."	( Ceftobiprole: pharmacokinetics and PK/PD profile. Azanza Perea, JR; Sádaba Díaz de Rada, B, 2019)

Excerpt	Reference
"This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of ceftobiprole and its potential synergistic activity in combination with other antimicrobials against 46 selected Gram-positive pathogens displaying resistance or decrease susceptibility to several drugs."	( Bactericidal activity of ceftobiprole combined with different antibiotics against selected Gram-positive isolates. Bongiorno, D; Campanile, F; Mongelli, G; Stefani, S; Zanghì, G, 2019)

Excerpt	Reference
" Pharmacokinetic data showed that BAL9141 was effective against the four pneumococcal strains tested at very low values of the time above the MIC (T > MIC), which ranged from 9 to 18% of the dosing interval, whereas the values of T > MICs for ceftriaxone ranged from 30 to 50% of the dosing interval."	( Efficacy of BAL5788, a prodrug of cephalosporin BAL9141, in a mouse model of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. Azoulay-Dupuis, E; Bédos, JP; Mohler, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Shapiro, S, 2004)
" Because MICs are	( Use of Monte Carlo simulations to select therapeutic doses and provisional breakpoints of BAL9141. Mouton, JW; Nashed, N; Punt, NC; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Shapiro, S, 2004)
" The maximum concentration of drug in serum and the area under the concentration-time curve for BAL9141 were dose proportional over the dosing range."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Kovács, P; Man, A; Nashed, N; Perez, A; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004)
" Drug accumulation in plasma was negligible during the dosing period."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Man, A; Nashed, N; Nyman, L; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004)
" High-dose regimens of ceftobiprole medocaril (equivalent to 150 mg/kg of ceftobiprole) or 50 mg/kg vancomycin produced nearly identical average peak and trough levels of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in tissue cage fluid, which exceeded the MBC of either antibiotic towards strain MRGR3 for > or =75% of each dosing interval."	( Intensive therapy with ceftobiprole medocaril of experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bento, M; Gjinovci, A; Lew, DP; Li, D; Schrenzel, J; Vaudaux, P, 2005)
" Monte Carlo simulation was performed with the ADAPT II program to estimate the PTA at which the free drug concentrations exceed the MIC for 30 to 60% of the dosing interval (30 to 60% fT > MIC)."	( Probability of target attainment for ceftobiprole as derived from a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 150 subjects. Bush, K; Drusano, GL; Kahn, JB; Kimko, HC; Lodise, TP; Murthy, BP; Noel, GJ; Pypstra, R, 2007)
" This review will also address the ability of the selected dosing regimens in providing adequate free drug concentrations in excess of the MICs against a contemporary group of bacterial isolates from a global resistance surveillance study."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ceftobiprole. Fritsche, TR; Gorodecky, E; Jones, RN; Lodise, TP; Patel, N; Renaud-Mutart, A, 2008)
" Ceftobiprole is renally excreted ( approximately 70% in the active form) and systemic clearance correlates with creatinine clearance, meaning that dosage adjustment is required in patients with renal dysfunction."	( Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin. Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Lam, A; Noreddin, AM; Rubinstein, E; Schweizer, F; Thomson, K; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2008)
" Dosing adjustments based on CL(CR) for subjects with renal impairment should provide ceftobiprole exposure similar to that in patients with normal renal function."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Kimko, H; Murthy, B; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Strauss, R; Xu, X, 2009)
" adipose tissue met the efficacy breakpoint (percentage of the time that free drug concentrations remained above the MIC) for at least 40% of the 8-h dosing interval for organisms with a MIC of 2 mg/liter."	( Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis. Barbour, A; Derendorf, H; Grant, M; Murthy, B; Sabarinath, SN; Schmidt, S; Seubert, C; Skee, D, 2009)
" The total-drug times>MIC in ELF that were required to kill 1 log(10) and 2 log(10) CFU/g of lung tissue were 15% and 25% of the dosing interval."	( Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole. Drusano, GL; Gotfried, M; Kahn, JB; Khashab, M; Laohavaleeson, S; Lodise, TP; Murray, SA; Nicholson, S; Nicolau, DP; Noel, GJ; Rodvold, KA; Tessier, PR, 2009)
" For the clinical trial dosing regimen, individual percent T>MICs were used to calculate fractional target attainment rates (TARs) for >or=30 and >or=50% T>MIC targets at various MICs."	( Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Bagchi, P; Kimko, H; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Samtani, MN; Strauss, RS; Xu, X, 2009)
"001) than were cefazolin, vancomycin, or linezolid based on the dose-response profiles."	( In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abbanat, D; Bush, K; Fernandez, J; Flamm, RK; Hilliard, JJ; Melton, JL; Santoro, CM; Zhang, W, 2010)
" Dose-response data were analyzed by a maximum effect (E(max)) model using nonlinear regression."	( Inoculum effects of ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae at inocula of 10(5) and 10(7) CFU injected into opposite thighs of neutropenic mice. Andes, DR; Craig, WA; Lee, DG; Murakami, Y, 2013)
"Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of antimicrobial dosage regimens during drug development to derive predicted target attainment values is frequently used to choose the optimal dose for the treatment of patients in phase 2 and 3 studies."	( Monte Carlo simulations based on phase 1 studies predict target attainment of ceftobiprole in nosocomial pneumonia patients: a validation study. Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N; Schmitt-Hoffmann, AH, 2013)
" The results support a dosing regimen of 500mg three times daily as a 2-h intravenous infusion."	( Application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation for the prediction of target attainment of ceftobiprole against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using minimum inhibitory concentration and time-kill curve based approaches. Barbour, AM; Derendorf, H; Rand, K; Schmidt, S; Zhuang, L, 2014)
"The percentage of the dosing interval that the non-protein-bound plasma concentration is above the MIC (%fT>MIC) for cephalosporins has been shown to correlate with microbiological outcomes in preclinical studies."	( Exposure to ceftobiprole is associated with microbiological eradication and clinical cure in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N, 2014)
" Concern for appropriate dosing in critically ill patients remains due to its ineffectiveness for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)."	( Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of ceftobiprole for the treatment of MRSA. Danziger, LH; Glowacki, RC; Horn, KS; Rodvold, KA, 2017)
" In the pneumonia study, the lowest percentage of the dosing interval with fT > MIC of 4 mg/L was 50."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftobiprole in Pediatric Patients. Bosheva, M; Cossey, V; Gardovska, D; Hamed, K; Hornik, CD; Kwinta, P; Litherland, K; Liubsys, A; Münch, HG; Polak, M; Rubino, CM; Ruehle, C; Schröpf, S; Smits, A; Snariene, R; Tomasik, T, 2021)
"A retrospective monocentric cohort study was performed of 35 patients with suspected ECMO-related cannula infections (28 on ECMO, seven after ECMO removal), who received ceftobiprole as empiric treatment and had ceftobiprole blood levels measured at trough, peak and CT50 (50% of the dosing interval)."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bleibtreu, A; Chommeloux, J; Combes, A; Coppens, A; Hekimian, G; Junot, H; LeFevre, L; Luyt, CE; Pineton de Chambrun, M; Robert, J; Schmidt, M; Zahr, N, 2023)

Role	Description
antimicrobial agent	A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cephalosporin	A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.
thiadiazoles
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
MecA	Staphylococcus aureus	IC50 (µMol)	4.1667	1.9000	4.1667	7.4000	AID529294; AID556838; AID556839
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	Km	78.0000	1.0000	2.2000	3.4000	AID368313
Beta-lactamase	Enterobacter cloacae	Km	15.8000	2.9000	6.4364	9.8000	AID368498; AID368523; AID368527
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	130.0000	4.2000	4.2500	4.3000	AID368307
Beta-lactamase	Serratia marcescens	Km	320.0000	2.1000	2.1000	2.1000	AID368725
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	Km	101.5000	0.5000	4.2444	8.0000	AID368539; AID368543; AID368547; AID368729
Beta-lactamase TEM	Escherichia coli	Km	300.0000	5.4000	6.3000	7.2000	AID368309
Beta-lactamase	Morganella morganii	Km	23.0000	7.9000	7.9000	7.9000	AID368531
Beta-lactamase	Serratia marcescens	Km	270.0000	2.2000	4.6000	8.2000	AID368509
Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	Km	19.0000	7.1000	8.1667	8.7000	AID368492
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	46.0000	2.0000	6.6500	9.4000	AID368514
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (1035)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID556128	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555424	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531575	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531585	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531393	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC Smith by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531579	Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID522915	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1838 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID560504	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate bd4768 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID561805	Ratio of AUC in adipose tissue to fAUC in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID561782	AUClast in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID529948	Volume of distribution in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368324	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens 7554 producing beta lactamase SME3 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID561787	fT>MIC in adipose tissue of healthy human at 400 mg, po by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID561862	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 after end of treatment by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522884	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1263 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID509061	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type nontypeable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17329 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID508293	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r assessed as bacterial killing at 4 times MIC by time kill curve method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID531563	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant, oxacillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative, mecA-positive Staphylococcus lugdunensis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID565768	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 10 fold elevated mexX expression and 23 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID509060	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17256 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID529140	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HU25 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID561676	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17355 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID565774	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 11 fold elevated mexX expression and 10 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID529916	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 56 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID535802	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC-145 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 3.27 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID530130	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 152 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC re	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID520501	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as body weight at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured on week 2 postinfection (Rvb = 2.84 +/- 0.29 kg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555404	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561293	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531577	Antibacterial activity against Gemella spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531783	Antibacterial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529124	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HDE288 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID405810	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 1b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID558977	Drug level in plasma of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 2.5 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID522904	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1005 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID499132	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit at 25 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561801	Half life in muscle of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID531558	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus capitis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531561	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sciuri obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID567751	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 37 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID499116	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 25 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1535 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555409	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530112	AUC (0 to infinity) in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556821	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509047	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11617 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID531581	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID524399	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type A using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368496	Activity of Klebsiella oxytoca beta-lactamase K1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555417	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529925	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 56 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368523	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 4080 AmpC (P99) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID561296	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530118	Cmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556828	Ratio of MIC for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 by microdilution method at pH 7.4 to ratio of MIC for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 by microdilution method at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561662	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17355 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID583241	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID531559	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus saprophyticus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID583242	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID561858	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14805 after 7 to 14 days by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529125	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2529 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368508	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli KPC2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID524395	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID577462	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b Thr446Ala/Ala-619-Gly mutant in laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID325492	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0638 isolate at 10^7 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID531380	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 10813 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531562	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus warneri obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529943	Elimination half life in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556132	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558983	Volume of distribution in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID531384	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1329 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID498913	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 25 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 0.8 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID559795	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 4 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID522895	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1012 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID556838	Binding affinity to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 PBP2a by Western blotting at pH 5.5 in presence of 100 uM Bocillin FL	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560509	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b4k6307 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID567745	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 29 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID556840	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556849	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529936	fAUC/MIC in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse plasma infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID561300	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509057	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12597 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID524397	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561672	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16830 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID530116	Tmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID531564	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID561677	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14551 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID583236	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID368521	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 4092 AmpC (E2) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID499119	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2234 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520490	Cmax in New Zealand rabbit at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567753	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 8 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID561308	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499145	Half life in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID509050	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12868 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID531399	Cmax in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 100 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529911	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 147 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID508838	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14567 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID531584	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID535778	AUC in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 100 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID555431	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561779	Cmax in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID565773	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 65 fold elevated mexX expression and 106 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID561302	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522912	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1776 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID556096	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531588	Antibacterial activity against Proteus penneri obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531398	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531780	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID535805	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 673 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 29 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID561859	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14805 after > 14 days by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531397	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 4567 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID522910	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1751 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID531782	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID325493	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing Enterococcus faecalis TX0630 isolate at 10^7 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID405804	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 2x	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID556098	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556129	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531567	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID559786	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as resistant isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529932	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 56 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID531574	Antibacterial activity against Aerococcus viridans obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID368529	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 908R AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID531555	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus haemolyticus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID509062	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17357 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID508840	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type nontypeable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17329 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID560522	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate gz07030 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID556855	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555441	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405635	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID529929	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 144 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368499	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella oxytoca beta-lactamase K1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556818	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531557	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID368487	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4083 producing beta lactamase OXA10 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529122	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HPV107 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368531	Activity of Morganella morganii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368314	Activity of Staphylococcus aureus betalactamase PC1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498897	fCmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 12.5 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555420	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID565771	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 107 fold elevated mexX expression and 155 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID508309	Inhibition of Enterococcus faecium low-affinity PBP5fm assessed as rate constant for enzyme acylation by spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID531570	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sp. 'group G' obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID561658	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14812 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531580	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter braakii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529130	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HU25 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529927	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 147 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556617	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509053	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 15855 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID522925	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 693 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID524403	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type C using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520485	Drug level in tibial marrow of New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368315	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4094 producing beta lactamase TEM26 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID531553	Antibacterial activity against methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID556108	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529123	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2464 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID583432	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-, tetracycline-susceptible and chromosomal mecA deficient Staphylococcus aureus COLnex	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	A mecA-negative strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level β-lactam resistance contains mutations in three genes.
AID520498	Plasma concentration in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID583235	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID556820	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530114	Tmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID565767	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 5 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID530122	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 149 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID535814	T>MIC in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 42.4 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529926	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 25923 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID498889	Half life in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID583233	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID556114	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556822	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558966	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID556115	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID577457	Antimicrobial activity against laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID405479	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 2884 isolate by disc diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Identification and phenotypic characterization of a beta-lactam-dependent, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.
AID556846	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556628	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555418	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522919	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1469 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID567739	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 34 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID556113	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556611	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567738	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 33 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID531565	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID567752	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 11 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID498903	fAUC (0-infinity) in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID509051	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14145 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID368527	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 908R AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555422	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499144	Half life in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529928	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 146 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368548	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MK-1184 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529117	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR22 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID531587	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID508305	Inhibition of PBP4 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID368309	Activity of Escherichia coli TEM1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID522892	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1009 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID368537	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Providencia stuartii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID522894	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1011 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID583234	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID556101	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368491	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535797	T>MIC in Enterobacter cloacae 2249 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 22.2 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID508306	Inhibition of PBP5 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID535787	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 7.91 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556629	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560517	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 07b63 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID499114	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1535 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368547	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MK-1184 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529938	fT>MIC in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse plasma infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID499130	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535817	T>MIC in Enterobacter cloacae 4567 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 4.67 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531589	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID561671	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16830 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID499111	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1181 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522885	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1264 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID368509	Activity of Serratia marcescens SME3 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555407	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID495884	Plasma concentration in Staphylococcus aureus COL infected New Zealand White rabbit aortic valve endocarditis model at 25 mg/kg, im dosed every 8 hrs for 4 days	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Ceftobiprole is superior to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid for treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558970	AUC in epithelial lining fluid of mouse	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID529292	Displacement of benzyl-[14C]penicillin from Staphylococcus aureus PBP3 by in vitro competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556819	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561857	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14805 on day 4 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529284	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529685	Bactericidal activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at 4 times MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531551	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID531590	Antibacterial activity against Providencia stuartii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID577454	Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8882 Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b 443SSNA mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID555426	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561781	Half life in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID508310	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a assessed as rate constant for enzyme acylation by spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID368495	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368480	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 908R producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID560498	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 16 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID556104	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522882	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 557 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID524404	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type A using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556832	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529300	Displacement of benzyl-[14C]penicillin from Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a RU130 mutant at 6 ug/ml by in vitro competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529934	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 25923 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID531576	Antibacterial activity against Gemella morbillorum obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by RapID ANA system	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID556823	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular com	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499140	fT>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse administered in 24 hrs dosing interval	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522916	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1851 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561798	AUC (0 to infinity) in adipose tissue of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID499109	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 100 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 0.8 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529931	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 152 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID559784	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID535807	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus WIS-1 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 53.9 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID561303	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556614	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555414	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535812	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 15.4 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID498890	Half life in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529283	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HU25 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID499115	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1535 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556127	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556122	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559794	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 2 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID559799	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.5 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID522906	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1984 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID535791	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22115 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 16.9 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID561793	fAUC (0 to infinity) in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID531582	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter amnigenus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID520493	Cmax in New Zealand rabbit at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured 16th dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529920	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus 147 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID522901	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 511 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID556831	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531573	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus intermedius obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID520518	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in rate of bone reconstruction at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 8 po	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499152	fCmax in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531381	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae MNO-418 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556613	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535784	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1293 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.72 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531552	Antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID561294	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531554	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID560511	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b5k3578 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID555432	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508292	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID531571	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus constellatus obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID565769	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 151 fold elevated mexX expression and 127 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID531788	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529682	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID498883	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus OC 4172 assessed as inhibition of growth by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531578	Antibacterial activity against Lactococcus lactis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID368311	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Staphylococcus aureus betalactamase PC1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529919	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus 146 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID560518	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 15b52 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID405803	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 1b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID577455	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b PBP2b 443SSNA mutant in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8009 harboring E333G, N470K, E476G, T489S, E506D, and N538D mutant genes	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID529823	Bactericidal activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368307	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID559772	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID555405	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499110	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1181 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535806	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 15.3 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID530139	fAUC/MIC required for 80% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID325496	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0614 isolate at 10^4 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID368322	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 11732 producing beta lactamase CTX-M-15 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529113	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2464 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368526	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 4080 AmpC (P99) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID559800	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID325497	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0638 isolate at 10^4 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID522890	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 770 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID529822	Bactericidal activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567744	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 32 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID524593	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kpn-DK2 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	KPC-producing extreme drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis in South Korea.
AID556635	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555434	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular co	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559798	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.25 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID405792	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 5/6	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID531556	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus lugdunensis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID498885	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 assessed as inhibition of growth by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535777	Half life in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 160 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID531568	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID522908	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 2003 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID368725	Activity of Serratia marcescens AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID509055	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12192 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID431214	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PVL positive isolate infected in human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as cure rate at test-of-cure visit	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID529912	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 146 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID508296	Inhibition of PBP2 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID560519	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate zj07028 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368317	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368485	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MK-1184 producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID508300	Inhibition of low-affinity PBP5fm in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID520504	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as body weight at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured on week 8 postinfection (Rvb = 2.84 +/- 0.29 kg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522820	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID522934	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 510 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID405800	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 3726 penicillin-binding protein 2a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID530123	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 56 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368536	Activity of Providencia stuartii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID325487	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin B-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX2484 isolate by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID556100	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561301	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531583	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID583240	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID431222	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as dizziness	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID509070	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14154 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID499141	fT>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse administered in 24 hrs dosing interval	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561788	fT>MIC in skeletal muscle of healthy human at 400 mg, po by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID405642	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 1a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID520489	AUC in New Zealand rabbit at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529137	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR22 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID558980	Drug level in plasma of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 8 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID560507	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b2k3421 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID531572	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID520509	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 168-1 infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as bacterial count per gram of tibial marrow at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post 16th dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556860	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531401	Cmax in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 160 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID520519	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in extent of bone remodeling at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 8 post	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561675	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17355 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531781	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID535799	T>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 25.2 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID499120	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 25 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2234 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529281	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556622	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509067	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12662 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID529921	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus 144 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID583237	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID531586	Antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID524402	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type B using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559770	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4sy32 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529908	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 56 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC rel	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID577460	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b in laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID529291	Displacement of benzyl-[14C]penicillin from Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a by in vitro competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID509046	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11521 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID431224	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as pruritus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID522898	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1015 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID522907	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1007 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID524401	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type C using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556621	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508839	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17256 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID556632	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522920	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 815 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID559797	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.125 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368543	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18SH AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID431215	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in human with infections extending to fascia or muscle assessed as cure rate at test-of-cure visit	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID368497	Activity of Klebsiella oxytoca beta-lactamase K1assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID522902	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1003 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID325488	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin A-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX2784 isolate by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID405799	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID556102	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556837	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561307	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561668	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561304	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558967	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID368546	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18SH AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID561789	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID368506	Activity of Escherichia coli KPC2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID530134	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID498905	fAUC (0-infinity) in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561780	Tmax in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID498908	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 1.6 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID567750	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 71 fold elevated mexX expression and 43 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID368538	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Providencia stuartii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID522889	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1287 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID560514	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type IV vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 06b41 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID509058	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12617 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID556847	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368504	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella pneumoniae TEM26 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556105	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529913	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 144 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368503	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella pneumoniae TEM26 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368507	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli KPC2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498902	fAUC (0-infinity) in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 12.5 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID530132	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 146 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC r	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID508291	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium D63 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID530127	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID558974	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 4 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID556856	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561292	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522896	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1013 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID529115	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2529 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID405471	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 2884	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Identification and phenotypic characterization of a beta-lactam-dependent, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.
AID561290	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368511	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Serratia marcescens SME3 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529941	Elimination clearance in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID405634	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 1a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID535779	AUC in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 40 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID521825	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactam resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolate by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Clonal spread of highly beta-lactam-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Taiwan.
AID556634	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368544	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18SH AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498900	fCmax in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531592	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID565770	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 12 fold elevated mexX expression and 25 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID520480	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 168-1 isolated from osteomyelitis patient by broth macrodilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561669	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 harboring plasmid MexXY expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556630	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499125	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 100 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2195 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID325485	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing Enterococcus faecalis TX0630 isolate by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID368532	Activity of Morganella morganii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535789	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 11888 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 22.6 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID438298	Inhibition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 5204 PBP2X preincubated for 4 hrs before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID559777	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as intermediate isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID520502	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as body weight at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured on week 4 postinfection (Rvb = 2.84 +/- 0.29 kg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531784	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529278	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2529 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID405791	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 4	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID368308	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli TEM1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID524398	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase negative Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559801	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 2 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529119	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID530138	fCmax/MIC required for 50% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID529114	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HDE288 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529940	Elimination clearance in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID431212	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID529116	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR24 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID531390	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22115 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID559788	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as susceptible isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID531787	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID368481	Antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii 2574 producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368486	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens 4104 producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368535	Activity of Providencia stuartii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID559792	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.5 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368494	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535793	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.78 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID325489	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID561664	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14551 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561674	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14812 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522918	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1468 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID520503	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as body weight at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured on week 6 postinfection (Rvb = 2.84 +/- 0.29 kg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405794	Selectivity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 2 over Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID524396	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase negative Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID325498	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing Enterococcus faecalis TX0630 isolate at 10^4 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID529819	Bactericidal activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at 0.5 times MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561863	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17349 after end of treatment by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529681	Antimicrobial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535782	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae MNO-418 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.238 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID368545	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18SH AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID495875	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL infected New Zealand White rabbit aortic valve endocarditis model assessed as decrease in bacterial colony forming unit in kidney at 25 mg/kg, im dosed every 8 hrs for 4 days (	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Ceftobiprole is superior to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid for treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556106	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368313	Activity of Staphylococcus aureus betalactamase PC1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID531560	Antibacterial activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus cohnii obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID499158	fAUC (0-infinity) in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556121	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508302	Inhibition of PBP1 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID522822	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-hetero-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561667	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID559782	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.25 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID520495	Cmax in human at 500 mg/kg, sc up to 1 hr	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531566	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID405806	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 2b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID499122	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2195 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID567734	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID556858	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555416	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531591	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID561678	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14551 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556625	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561657	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14805 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535811	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 22923 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 10.3 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID368310	Activity of Escherichia coli TEM1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529133	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2464 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID431123	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID555433	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular com	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558981	Volume of distribution in central compartment of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID530115	Tmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID325501	Bactericidal activity against vancomycin A-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX2784 isolate assessed as decrease in viable count after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID555430	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522914	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1808 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID368478	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 4081 producing beta lactamase AmpC (E2) by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID577451	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin intermediate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8009 harboring PBP2b 443SSNA mutant by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID555429	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529947	Volume of distribution in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID524400	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type B using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368321	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4238 producing beta lactamase SHV1 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556859	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561310	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular com	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID498886	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 assessed as inhibition of growth by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529142	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HPV107 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368490	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID560521	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate xa07029 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368730	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556616	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567736	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12261 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID567749	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 31 fold elevated mexX expression and 17 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID531569	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sp. 'group C' obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID556624	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405805	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 2a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID561670	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 harboring plasmid MexZ expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531383	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1293 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556112	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556830	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID531396	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 2249 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID509052	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14154 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID508297	Inhibition of PBP3 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID529288	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL assessed as reduction in viable bacterial titer after 24 hrs in presence of 10 times compound MIC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529949	Volume of distribution in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID558985	AUC in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID555410	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405797	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID520496	Drug level in tibial marrow of New Zealand rabbit at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567731	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID561298	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID583434	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactam-resistant and chromosomal mecA deficient Staphylococcus aureus CRB harboring PBP4 E183A F241R, GdpP N182K and AcrB I960V mutant genes selected after 21 days of serial passage	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	A mecA-negative strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level β-lactam resistance contains mutations in three genes.
AID558971	Plasma protein binding in mouse	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID529287	Antimicrobial activity against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COLVA harboring Tn1546 transposon by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368729	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID509065	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11617 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID368476	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7052 producing beta lactamase VIM2 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535818	T>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 110 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID368542	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4352 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368723	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MK-1184 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID405815	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID567737	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID509049	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12662 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID561792	fAUClast in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID555408	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520488	Cmin in New Zealand rabbit at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520487	Cmax in New Zealand rabbit at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368533	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Morganella morganii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID508294	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium D63 assessed as bacterial killing at 4 times MIC by time kill curve method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID556835	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520494	Cmax in New Zealand rabbit at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured 16th dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID577458	Antimicrobial activity against laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6 harboring Thr446Ala mutant gene by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID529134	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HDE288 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556107	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368540	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4352 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID558979	Drug level in plasma of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID368492	Activity of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529298	Effect on cell wall composition of Staphylococcus aureus COL at 0.4 ug/ml by HPLC method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556836	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID498888	Half life in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535786	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 673 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 6.68 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556843	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561797	AUClast in adipose tissue of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID368514	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529120	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HU25 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556136	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558972	Fraction unbound in mouse plasma	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID531395	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID431217	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as vomiting	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID561673	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14812 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529933	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 25213 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368541	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4352 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID508841	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 17357 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID499134	fT>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse at 50 mg/kg, sc administered twice at 1 and 3 hrs after infection	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522905	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1006 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561860	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 on day 14 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID583239	Antibacterial activity against Serratia spp. by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID561804	Ratio of AUC in muscle to fAUC in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID556117	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561785	Apparent volume of distribution in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID561311	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular co	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561660	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16830 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID560508	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b3k5923 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529915	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 149 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID530111	AUC (0 to infinity) in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID561783	AUC (0 to infinity) in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID431223	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as rash	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID556850	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529111	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus E2125 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID555428	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405639	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID529296	Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL PBP2a at 10 uM by competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556618	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561795	Tmax in adipose tissue of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID556854	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561663	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14552 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID565775	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 27 fold elevated mexX expression and 49 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID535788	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus WIS-1 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 16.1 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID567733	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11492 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID499137	fT>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse at 50 mg/kg, sc administered twice at 1 and 3 hrs after infection	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555412	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405637	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 5	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID405801	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 3726 by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID561665	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring plasmid JAK16 expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556135	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529922	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus 152 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID559796	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 16 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529818	Bactericidal activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID577461	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b Thr446Ala mutant in laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID520497	AUC in human at 500 mg/kg, sc up to 1 hr	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520507	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 168-1 infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as bacterial count per gram of tibial marrow at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post 16th dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555444	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567735	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID561861	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17349 on day 4 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID438297	Inhibition of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 PBP2X preincubated for 1 hr before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID529132	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HPV107 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID535815	T>MIC in Klebsiella pneumoniae infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 43.8 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID561306	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535790	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 12248 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 29.2 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID520492	AUC in New Zealand rabbit at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368539	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4352 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498912	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 0.8 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555411	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499153	fCmax in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID405633	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 1b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID558984	AUC in plasma of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID531394	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529687	Bactericidal activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at 4 times MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561786	Volume of distribution at steady state in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID498887	Half life in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 12.5 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556609	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560501	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate gz06040 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID556116	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509064	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11521 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID529135	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2529 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368728	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Serratia marcescens AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498894	Tmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID509066	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12639 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID405812	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 2a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID368323	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca 4076 producing beta lactamase K1 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555415	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531388	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 11888 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID508307	Inhibition of low-affinity PBP5fm in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID508308	Inhibition of PBP6 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID368530	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 908R AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID405811	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 2x	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID531382	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 145 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556097	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID558969	AUC in plasma of mouse	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID558973	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 2.5 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID559787	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as intermediate isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID498907	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 1.6 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529297	Effect on cell wall composition of Staphylococcus aureus COL at 0.4 ug/ml after 100 mins by HPLC method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368505	Activity of Escherichia coli KPC2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535813	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC Smith infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 9.60 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID368727	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Serratia marcescens AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368493	Activity of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555436	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535810	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22115 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 34.4 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556825	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556123	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499113	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 100 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1181 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID565766	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 7 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID530126	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 144 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID431121	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID530110	AUC (0 to infinity) in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID558975	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID495876	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL infected New Zealand White rabbit aortic valve endocarditis model assessed as decrease in bacterial colony forming unit in spleen at 25 mg/kg, im dosed every 8 hrs for 4 days (	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Ceftobiprole is superior to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid for treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531785	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID555435	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499148	Tmax in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID499149	Tmax in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368500	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Klebsiella oxytoca beta-lactamase K1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529294	Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL PBP2a by competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368319	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 4116 producing betalactamase PC1 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID558976	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 8 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID499117	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 100 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1535 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555423	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555413	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561299	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound con	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368501	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae TEM26 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID522821	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561305	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529939	Elimination clearance in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556124	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound conce	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529138	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID530128	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368316	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 6226 producing beta lactamase KPC2 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529141	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus E2125 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556110	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560510	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b5k3529 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID560500	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate sh06024 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID530109	AUC (0 to infinity) in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID325490	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0921 isolate at 10^7 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID535808	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 11888 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 40.2 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID555425	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561291	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368488	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Escherichia coli TEM1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID508304	Inhibition of PBP3 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID559783	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 0.125 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368498	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 4092 AmpC (E2) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID520508	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 168-1 infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as bacterial count per gram of tibial matrix at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post 16th dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530129	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 149 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC re	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID560503	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 6zjsau7 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529924	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 29213 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556623	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368489	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID499157	fAUC (0-infinity) in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529279	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR24 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID529280	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR22 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID499160	Protein binding in mouse plasma	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561864	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17349 after 7 to 14 days by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556853	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508835	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12575 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID567730	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID577452	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8819 harboring PBP2b 443SSNA mutant by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID368479	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 4080 producing beta lactamase AmpC (P99) by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID499139	fT>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse administered in 24 hrs dosing interval	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID530137	fCmax/MIC required for 80% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID499131	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522888	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 555 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID556099	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529935	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs relative to control at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID431225	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human assessed as death	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID499133	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit at 100 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368484	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18SH producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID431213	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as cure rate at test-of-cure visit in presence of C-reactive protein	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID368525	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 4080 AmpC (P99) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID508834	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12192 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID560502	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate gz06051 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529909	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 29213 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC relative to cont	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID499118	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2234 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531400	Cmax in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 40 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID325499	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis TX0645 isolate at 10^4 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID559774	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID431122	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infected in human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as cure rate at test-of-cure visit	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID405796	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 penicillin-binding protein 2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID498884	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 assessed as inhibition of growth by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID325495	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0921 isolate at 10^4 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID529944	Elimination half life in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368515	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID495877	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL infected New Zealand White rabbit aortic valve endocarditis model assessed as decrease in bacterial colony forming unit in vegetation at 25 mg/kg, im dosed every 8 hrs for 4 da	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Ceftobiprole is superior to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid for treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556852	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535809	T>MIC in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 12248 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 50.5 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556845	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567732	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11053 by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID529930	fT>MIC required for 80% inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 149 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID529914	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 152 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556848	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID498911	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 1.6 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 0.8 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368528	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 908R AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID577456	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to PBP2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8819 harboring E333G, I361L, E369D, S412P, N422Y, T426K, Q427L, Q438E, L455I, S473T, E476G, S480A, T489A, N538D, D561E, Q564K, and D625G mutant genes	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID368517	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368513	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID368510	Activity of Serratia marcescens SME3 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID561800	Tmax in muscle of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID555421	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522900	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1017 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID565772	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 12070 expressing 36 fold elevated mexX expression and 39 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID529143	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BK2464 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID577449	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8865 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID368482	Antibacterial activity against Providencia stuartii 2772 producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID561295	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508837	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12617 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID535781	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 10813 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.180 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID325502	Drug concentration in human plasma at 750 mg after 7 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID529293	Displacement of benzyl-[14C]penicillin from Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 by in vitro competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID325500	Bactericidal activity against vancomycin B-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX2484 isolate assessed as decrease in viable count after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID529942	Elimination clearance in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID508303	Inhibition of PBP2 in wild type Enterococcus faecium D63 membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID405790	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID405795	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 penicillin-binding protein 1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID405809	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 1a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID520512	Cmin in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561803	AUC (0 to infinity) in muscle of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID530113	Tmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID508298	Inhibition of PBP4 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID556842	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405643	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 penicillin-binding protein 2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID509045	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11218 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID520491	Cmin in New Zealand rabbit at 80 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post first dose by RP-HPLC/MS/MS	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561865	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14552 on day 4 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556134	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561312	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556118	Bacteriostatic activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID567729	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID556827	Ratio of MIC for beta-lactamase-negative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by microdilution method at pH 7.4 to ratio of MIC for beta-lactamase-negative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by microdilution metho	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529136	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR24 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368483	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4352 producing beta lactamase AmpC by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID509054	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11631 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID556834	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID431219	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as diarrhea	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID498899	fCmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID559778	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as susceptible isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID529144	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HDE288 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID522887	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-hetero-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 873 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID567743	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 36 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID405640	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID556125	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535785	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1329 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.93 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID560505	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b2k4781 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID530131	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 144 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC r	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID561659	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC16827 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368534	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Morganella morganii AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID531392	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID431218	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as dysgeusia	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID499124	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 25 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2195 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556130	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID577450	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin intermediate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8882 harboring PBP2b 443SSNA mutant by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID567748	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 27 fold elevated mexX expression and 16 fold elevated mexY expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID555406	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405813	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 2b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID499112	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 25 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 1181 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535803	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1293 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 3.55 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID431120	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as cure rate at test-of-cure visit	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID530140	fAUC/MIC required for 50% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID529689	Bactericidal activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499121	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 100 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2234 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID567742	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 40 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID535796	T>MIC in Klebsiella pneumoniae infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 6.61 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID499128	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming units at 25 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID509072	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11631 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID509069	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14145 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID556131	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound conc	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556612	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522893	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1010 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID498895	Tmax in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID577453	Inhibition of Bocillin FL binding to Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate 8865 PBP2b	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID522903	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1004 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID522886	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-hetero-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 618 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID509048	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 4a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12639 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID529128	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368724	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MK-1184 AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID530117	Cmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID499146	Half life in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID559776	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as resistant isolates by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID405638	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 4	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID522924	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 593 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561666	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring plasmid MexXY expressing mexXY gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531786	Antibacterial activity against Veillonella spp. obtained from complicated skin and skin structure infections by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
AID529127	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR22 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID368524	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 4080 AmpC (P99) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556126	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530136	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID509068	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12868 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID498910	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 100 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 1.6 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520486	Drug level in tibial matrix of New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556841	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556620	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561791	fCmax in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID577459	Antimicrobial activity against laboratory-derived Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate R6 harboring Thr446Ala/Ala-619-Gly mutant gene by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Affinity of ceftobiprole for penicillin-binding protein 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various susceptibilities to penicillin.
AID556633	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522921	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 950 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID555437	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556111	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS18 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560515	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 13b16 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID556133	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4042228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368516	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID556833	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 infected in human keratinocytes assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499138	fT>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus OC 4172 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse administered in 24 hrs dosing interval	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535816	T>MIC in Enterobacter cloacae 2249 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 155 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID522883	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 509 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID560513	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b6k7974 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID509056	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12575 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID556829	Ratio of MIC for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 by microdilution method at pH 5.5 to MIC for beta-lactamase-negative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by microdilution method at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522927	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-negative Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1470 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561802	AUClast in muscle of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID529946	Elimination half life in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368475	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa HPA101-1477 producing beta lactamase IMP1 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID531403	Half life in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 40 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID530121	Antimicrobial activity against hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 152 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368726	Activity of Serratia marcescens AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID583431	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant and tetracycline-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus COLn	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	A mecA-negative strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level β-lactam resistance contains mutations in three genes.
AID499150	Tmax in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520511	Cmax in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405808	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID508301	Inhibition of PBP6 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID567740	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 31 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID583433	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactam-resistant and chromosomal mecA deficient Staphylococcus aureus CRB harboring PBP4 E183A F241R, GdpP N182K and AcrB I960V mutant genes selected after 21 days of serial passage in ceftobiprole	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	A mecA-negative strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level β-lactam resistance contains mutations in three genes.
AID368520	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae 4092 AmpC (E2) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID529923	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus 149 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368318	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555440	Bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522923	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1472 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID558978	Drug level in plasma of healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 4 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID531391	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 22923 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID405636	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 6	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID520517	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in extent of bone remodeling at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 6 post	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530119	Cmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556851	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529945	Elimination half life in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 2.5 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID556619	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556824	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular co	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560499	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 5zjsau3 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID498909	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 infected in SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit per gram of skin tissue at 25 mg/kg/day, sc (Rvb = 1.6 deltalog CFU)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID499129	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as log change in bacterial colony forming unit at 100 mg/kg/day, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID368731	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535798	T>MIC in Enterobacter cloacae 4567 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.28 mg/kg, sc administered every 3 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556626	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID499156	fAUC (0-infinity) in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522909	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1743 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID405814	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8819 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID368477	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 4092 producing beta lactamase AmpC (E2) by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID498892	Tmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 12.5 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID561297	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS192 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529121	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus E2125 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID520514	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in rate of bone reconstruction at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 2 po	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368522	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae 4092 AmpC (E2) assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID529112	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HPV107 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID405641	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to Escherichia coli MC4100 penicillin-binding protein 1b	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID555438	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561790	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID405793	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 after 1.5 hrs by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID561309	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 228 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID583430	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	A mecA-negative strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level β-lactam resistance contains mutations in three genes.
AID559793	Antimicrobial activity against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID583238	Antibacterial activity against indole positive Proteae by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490.
AID556119	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID498904	fAUC (0-infinity) in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID567741	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 30 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID529131	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus E2125 assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID522913	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1806 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID531385	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 673 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID522922	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1471 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID325486	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing Enterococcus faecalis TX5070 isolate by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID560516	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11b091 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID508299	Inhibition of PBP5 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID531389	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 12248 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556857	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529937	fCmax/MIC in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse plasma infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID561794	Cmax in adipose tissue of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID561796	Half life in adipose tissue of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID556615	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559771	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type II vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 4sy39 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID522911	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1766 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID535794	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC Smith infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 4.21 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID535804	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC 1329 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 5.51 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID556839	Binding affinity to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 PBP2a by Western blotting at pH 7.4 in presence of 100 uM Bocillin FL	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556817	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529910	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 25923 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC relative to cont	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID535800	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 10813 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 0.552 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529118	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID520515	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in extent of bone remodeling at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 2 post	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529918	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 25923 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID561866	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC14552 on day 8 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID556120	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRS1 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID508295	Inhibition of PBP1 in penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D63r membranes assessed as inhibition of fluorescent ampicillin binding after 20 mins at 37 degC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Interaction of ceftobiprole with the low-affinity PBP 5 of Enterococcus faecium.
AID556109	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556095	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NRS52 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531387	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus WIS-1 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID567746	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 15 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID499136	fT>MIC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse at 50 mg/kg, sc administered twice at 1 and 3 hrs after infection	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535801	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae MNO-418 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at 2-log kill dose of 0.624 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529129	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID556844	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID405807	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID520506	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 168-1 infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as bacterial count per gram of tibial matrix at 20 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 1 hr post 16th dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID520516	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected in New Zealand rabbit osteomyelitis model assessed as improvement in rate of bone reconstruction at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 weeks measured on week 6 po	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509063	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 11218 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID530133	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 147 infected in BALB/cAnNCr mouse assessed as decrease in bacterial density in lungs at 1 to 25 mg/kg, sc administered as 1 to 5 times/day after 24 hrs by HPLC r	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID530108	Volume of distribution in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID368732	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID325494	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis TX0645 isolate at 10^7 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID499123	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4354 infected in immunocompromized SKH1 mouse assessed as lesion volume at 6.2 mg/kg/day, sc measured after 48 hrs postinfection (Rvb = 2195 mm3)	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522891	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1008 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID529690	Bactericidal activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus selected at 0.5 times MIC after 24 hrs by time kill analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID559802	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as growth inhibition at 4 times MIC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID556103	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556631	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 433000 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID368512	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Serratia marcescens SME3 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID535792	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 22923 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.03 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529917	fT>MIC required for stasis inhibition of methicillin-suceptible Staphylococcus aureus 29213 infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID522917	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1867 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID431216	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as nausea	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID556610	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529126	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HAR24 assessed as concentration required for bacterial subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID405802	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae OC 8865 penicillin-binding protein 1a	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID431220	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as constipation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID522926	Antibacterial activity against community-acquired methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolate 813 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID529285	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus JH9 obtained from bacteremic patient by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID508836	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 12597 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID561784	Clearance in plasma of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID368312	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Staphylococcus aureus betalactamase PC1 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID555419	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N4090440 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID529290	Displacement of benzyl-[14C]penicillin from Staphylococcus aureus PBP2 RU130 mutant by in vitro competitive assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID561661	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate OC17349 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Effect of MexXY overexpression on ceftobiprole susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID325491	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis TX0614 isolate at 10^7 CFU/spot	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates.
AID535780	AUC in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 160 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID529282	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of BRP-resistant subpopulation growth	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID558968	Antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID368320	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli producing beta lactamase TEM1 by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID405798	Inhibition of bocillin FL binding to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 penicillin-binding protein 4	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Binding of ceftobiprole and comparators to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AID522823	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID555427	Antimicrobial activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus STA 44 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560512	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b6k1642 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID368502	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae TEM26 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID530124	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 147 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID522899	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1016 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID561289	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus NRS126 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at low extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531402	Half life in CD1 neutropenic mouse with bacterial infection in thigh at 100 mg/kg, sc	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID368518	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM2 assessed as drug hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to cephaloridine	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Interactions of ceftobiprole with beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D.
AID509059	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 14567 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID555443	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID556826	Bacteriostatic activity against Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate MEH2225605 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID535795	T>MIC in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 8.25 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID530120	Cmax in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse infected with Staphylococcus aureus at 1 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose after 6 hrs of infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID520510	Drug level in tibial matrix of New Zealand rabbit at 40 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs for 4 days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacies of ceftobiprole medocaril and comparators in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID530125	Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 146 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID560523	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate gs07022 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID498898	fCmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID560520	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate sh07043 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID499135	fT>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus OC 8525 infected sc dosed SKH1 mouse at 50 mg/kg, sc administered twice at 1 and 3 hrs after infection	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID499154	fCmax in Staphylococcus aureus infected immunocompromized SKH1 mouse skin at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535783	T>MIC in Streptococcus pneumoniae CDC-145 infected CD1 neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.956 mg/kg, sc administered every 6 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID431221	Toxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected human with complicated skin and skin structure infection assessed as headache	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
AID498893	Tmax in immunocompetent SKH1 mouse plasma at 50 mg/kg, sc	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID560506	Antimicrobial activity against SCCmec type III vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate b3k2345 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 14 cities in China.
AID555439	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID561799	Cmax in muscle of healthy human at 200 mg/l administered via microdialysis probe up to 12 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis.
AID522897	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1014 after 24 hrs by modified broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antistaphylococcal activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents by time-kill assay.
AID531386	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole against multiple bacterial pathogens in murine thigh and lung infection models.
AID555442	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as bacterial count per mg of cell protein at high extracellular compound concentration after 24 hrs at pH 7.4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AID509071	Induction of mecA gene expression in beta-lactamase positive SCCmec type 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 15855 at MIC after 1 hr by multiplex PCR method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Effects of ceftobiprole and oxacillin on mecA expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
AID558982	Clearance in healthy human at 25 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole.
AID530135	fT>MIC required for 50% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus infection in neutropenic BALB/cAnNCr mouse	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AID529139	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL assessed as concentration required for minimum inhibition of oxacillin-resistant subpopulation growth by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Comparative study of the susceptibilities of major epidemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin and to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin ceftobiprole.
AID567747	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 11678 expressing 9 fold elevated AmpC expression by broth macrodilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Differential selection of single-step AmpC or efflux mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using cefepime, ceftazidime, or ceftobiprole.
AID556627	Antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592 infected in human THP-1 cells assessed as change in bacterial count after 24 hrs at pH 5.5	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Activities of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) forms of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	91 (43.75)	29.6817
2010's	80 (38.46)	24.3611
2020's	37 (17.79)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	15 (7.08%)	5.53%
Reviews	42 (19.81%)	6.00%
Case Studies	7 (3.30%)	4.05%
Observational	4 (1.89%)	0.25%
Other	144 (67.92%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 3 Randomized Double-Blind Study Of Ceftobiprole Medocaril Versus Linezolid Plus Ceftazidime In The Treatment Of Nosocomial Pneumonia[NCT00229008]	Phase 3	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Open-Label, Parallel Group, Multiple-dose Study of Ceftobiprole to Evaluate the Plasma Pharmacokinetics in Adults in Intensive Care Units[NCT00770978]	Phase 1	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
A Multicentre, Randomized, Investigator-blind, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Ceftobiprole Versus Intravenous Standard-of-care Cephalosporin Treatment With or Without Vancomycin in Pediatric [NCT03439124]	Phase 3	138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-27	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study to Establish the Safety and Efficacy of Ceftobiprole Medocaril Compared With Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections[NCT03137173]	Phase 3	679 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-19	Completed
Open-Label, Single Dose, Parallel Group Pharmacokinetic Study of Ceftobiprole in Morbidly Obese and Non-Obese Patients[NCT01026558]	Phase 1	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study of Ceftobiprole Medocaril Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Subjects Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia[NCT00326287]	Phase 3	638 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Retrospective Chart Review to Evaluate the Safety Profile of Ceftobiprole in Patients With Impaired Hepatic or Renal Function or Immunosuppression[NCT04170309]		428 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-03-30	Completed
Effect of Ceftobiprole on the Intestinal Human Microflora Following Multiple-dose Administration in Healthy Female and Male Subjects[NCT00965042]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Open-Label Exploratory, Multiple-Dose Study of Ceftobiprole to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Broncho-Alveolar Penetration in Adults With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia[NCT00771719]	Phase 1	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Study closed due to lack of enrollment; challenging patient population.)
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Single-dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftobiprole in Neonate and Infant Subjects Aged up to 3 Months Undergoing Treatment With Systemic Antibiotics[NCT02527681]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-22	Terminated(stopped due to on July 07, 2020 due to slow enrollment; there were no safety concerns.)
A Study on Plasma and Pulmonary Pharmacokinetics of High-dose Ceftobiprole Given by Continuous Infusion in Mechanically-ventilated Adult Patients With Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia[NCT04171674]		12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-30	Not yet recruiting
An Open-Label Pharmacokinetic Study of Ceftobiprole in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With End Stage Renal Disease Receiving Hemodialysis[NCT01030731]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftobiprole in Pediatric Patients =3 Months to 17<18 Years of Age, Undergoing Treatment With Systemic Antibiotics[NCT01026636]	Phase 1	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Prospective Study Evaluating Plasma Exposure of Optimized Antibiotic Therapy According to TDM in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (ES) and Cerebral Haemorrhage (EC)[NCT04132115]		104 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-10-01	Recruiting
Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic Study of the Penetration of Ceftobiprole Into Bone[NCT00771524]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
An Exploratory Study to Evaluate the Penetration of Ceftobiprole Into Soft Tissue Determined by In Vivo Microdialysis in Healthy Volunteers[NCT01026740]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections[NCT00210899]	Phase 3	828 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections[NCT00228982]	Phase 3	784 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
Randomized, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety and Rate of Bacterial Clearance of Ceftobiprole 500 Milligram Every 8 Hours Compared to Conventional Therapy in the Treatment of Hospitalized Subjects With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia[NCT00505258]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to The study was withdrawn due to lack of an appropriate patient population.)
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparators in the Treatment of Patients With Fever and Neutropenia[NCT00529282]	Phase 3	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Study discontinued due to administrative reasons unrelated to safety)
Open and Exploratory Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic of Ceftobiprole Medocaril in Patients With CSF Device[NCT03317093]	Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-29	Completed
A Phase III Randomized Double-Blind Study Of Ceftobiprole Versus Linezolid Plus Ceftazidime In The Treatment Of Nosocomial Pneumonia[NCT00210964]	Phase 3	781 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Tolerance of Anti-MRSA Betalactamines (Ceftaroline / Ceftobiprole) in the Management of BJI / PJI: a Retrospective Study in a Reference Center[NCT04409769]		22 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-02-01	Completed
A Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm, Multiple-dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Ceftobiprole Medocaril in Term and Pre-term Neonates and Infants up to 3 Months of Age With Late-onset Sepsis[NCT05856227]	Phase 3	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-06	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center Study to Establish the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftobiprole Medocaril Compared to Daptomycin in the Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia, Including Infective Endocarditis[NCT03138733]	Phase 3	390 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-26	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT02527681 (4) [back to overview]	AUC0-last
NCT02527681 (4) [back to overview]	Cmax
NCT02527681 (4) [back to overview]	T>MIC of 4 mg/L
NCT02527681 (4) [back to overview]	Tmax
NCT03137173 (3) [back to overview]	Early Clinical Response
NCT03137173 (3) [back to overview]	Investigator-assessed Clinical Success in the Clinically Evaluable (CE) Population
NCT03137173 (3) [back to overview]	Investigator-assessed Clinical Success in the ITT Population
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Microbiological Eradication at the PTE Visit
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Clearance
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	All-cause Mortality at the PTE Visit
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With or Without Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With or Without Overall Success at the Post-treatment Evaluation (PTE) Visit
NCT03138733 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With or Without Overall Success at the PTE Visit in the CE Population
NCT03439124 (5) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Clinical Cure in the Clinically Evaluable (CE) Population
NCT03439124 (5) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Clinical Cure in the Intent-to-treat Population (ITT)
NCT03439124 (5) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Early Clinical Response in the Clinically Evaluable (CE) Population
NCT03439124 (5) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Early Clinical Response in the Intent-to-treat (ITT) Population
NCT03439124 (5) [back to overview]	Adverse Events

Intervention	μg•hours/mL (Median)
Ceftobiprole PK Population	60.6

Intervention	μg/mL (Median)
Ceftobiprole PK Population	11.2

Intervention	hours (Median)
Ceftobiprole PK Population	5.40

Intervention	hours (Median)
Ceftobiprole PK Population	4.00

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	306
Vancomycin+Aztreonam	303

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	277
Vancomycin+Aztreonam	279

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	302
Vancomycin+Aztreonam	306

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole	155
Daptomycin	153

Intervention	Days (Median)
Ceftobiprole	4
Daptomycin	4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Patients died	Patients alive
Ceftobiprole	17	172
Daptomycin	18	180

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any adverse events (AEs)	Any drug-related AE	Any severe AEs	Any study drug-related severe AEs	Any serious adverse events (SAE)	Any drug-related SAEs	Any AE leading to treatment discontinuation	Study drug-related AEs leading to treatment discontinuation	Any AE leading to death	Study drug-related AEs leading to death	Any AE of special interest (AESI)	Any drug-related AESI
Ceftobiprole	121	25	29	1	36	2	18	9	17	0	9	5
Daptomycin	117	11	38	2	45	4	18	3	18	0	7	4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Number of responders	Number of non-responders
Ceftobiprole	132	57
Daptomycin	136	62

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Number of responders	Number of non-responders
Ceftobiprole	127	36
Daptomycin	130	37

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	80
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	41

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	85
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	43

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	84
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	39

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	90
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	41

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	First 3 days of IV therapy72366975	First 3 days of IV therapy72366974	While on IV therapy72366974	While on IV therapy72366975
	No TEAE	Non-Serious TEAE	Serious TEAE	TEAE leading to death
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	10
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	5
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	1
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	83
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	39
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	17
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	8
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	2
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	0
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	0
Ceftobiprole Medocaril	75
IV Standard-of-care Cephalosporin	36

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
endolysin lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.	2.13	1	0	alpha-amino acid; diamino acid; polar amino acid	Daphnia magna metabolite
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.04	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.04	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	3.58	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.04	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.04	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	9.62	1	1
betaxolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.04	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.04	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzamides
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
busulfan [no description available]	2.04	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.04	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.04	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cifenline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.04	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	4.53	5	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.04	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
dapsone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.04	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.04	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.04	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	2.04	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.04	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.04	1	0	phenols
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.04	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.04	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.04	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.04	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.03	1	0
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
granisetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.04	1	0	acetamides
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.04	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.04	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.04	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.04	1	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.04	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.04	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.04	1	0	anthracenes
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.04	1	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.04	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.04	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.83	2	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.04	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
milrinone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.04	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nizatidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.04	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	7.74	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.04	1	0	carbazoles
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
pamidronate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.04	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	oxopurine
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.04	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.04	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.58	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.04	1	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyridostigmine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aralkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	2.04	1	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.04	1	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
imatinib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.73	3	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.04	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.04	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.45	2	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
temozolomide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.04	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.04	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.04	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.04	1	0	aziridines
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.04	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.04	1	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.04	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.04	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.73	3	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	2.04	1	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
urapidil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperazines
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.04	1	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.04	1	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.44	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.04	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.82	7	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.1	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.04	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.04	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.74	3	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.1	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	7.95	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.6	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	4.81	7	1	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	8.44	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.1	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.04	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.04	1	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	3.25	1	0	penicillanic acids
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.04	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.04	1	0	bromide salt
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.03	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	2.97	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.25	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	3.25	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.04	1	0	nitrile
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.04	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.04	1	0	thiazoles
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.04	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	4.53	5	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.04	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	11.01	32	4	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.04	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.04	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.04	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
streptomycin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.52	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.04	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
terodiline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.04	1	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.04	1	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.04	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	2.74	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.04	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.04	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.04	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	9.35	4	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.04	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.04	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	azepanes
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.04	1	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.04	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
lorcainide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.04	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.04	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	benzamides
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.84	2	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	2.04	1	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.04	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.04	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.04	1	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.04	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.04	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.04	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.04	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.04	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	2.04	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2.04	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
lamivudine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.04	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.04	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.04	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.04	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	2.04	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.04	1	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.1	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	23.41	204	19	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
fropenem [no description available]	2.45	2	0	faropenem
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.04	1	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.25	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.04	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ureas
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.04	1	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
sanfetrinem sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326	2.05	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0	benzofurans
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	5.5	6	0	carbapenems
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	6.76	16	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.04	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.45	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.3	6	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.04	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	9.1	4	0	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methotrexate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
sulbactam [no description available]	2.45	2	0	penicillanic acids
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems [no description available]	10.76	8	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	6.46	14	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
docetaxel [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	9.82	7	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	4.35	3	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cilomilast [no description available]	2.04	1	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	2.04	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.95	4	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	dihydropyridine
solifenacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.04	1	0	morpholines
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	3.15	1	0	penicillin
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.04	1	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
melagatran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
iclaprim iclaprim: has antiviral activity. iclaprim : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-iclaprim. Both enantiomers exhibit similar, potent bactericidal activity against major Gram-positive pathogens, notably methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively).. 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group.	5.34	5	0	aminopyrimidine; chromenes; cyclopropanes
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
acivicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	3.14	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.04	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	9.7	6	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	4.53	5	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.04	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.04	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.04	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.04	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperidines
linezolid [no description available]	11.5	26	4	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
tolterodine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
acarbose [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.04	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	5.62	5	1
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.04	1	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.44	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyfluthrin cethromycin: a ketolide;. cethromycin : A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX).	2.05	1	0
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
eptifibatide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.04	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.04	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
abt 492 WQ 3034: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.04	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.04	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.04	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.04	1	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
cancidas [no description available]	2.04	1	0
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
dolasetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	steroid	estrogen
quinine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
ephedrine, phenobarbital, theophylline drug combination ephedrine, phenobarbital, theophylline drug combination: Negwer gives a number for tedral, a synonym of mephenhydramine	3.25	1	0
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	5.94	8	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.04	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.04	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.44	2	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.04	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
indocyanine green [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
codeine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.04	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.04	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.04	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	3.83	2	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.96	4	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	4.94	8	1	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	5.3	12	1	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.83	2	1	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime [no description available]	9.93	8	1	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin
famotidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.14	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.73	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
way 202196 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-naphthonitrile: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.84	2	1	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
s 1006 S 1006: structure given in first source. cefcapene : A cephalosporin compound having (carbamoyloxy)methyl and N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino side-groups. It is used (generally as the corresponnding pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug) as an oral antibacterial.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; enamide; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.44	2	0
cefditoren pivoxil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephams; oxime O-ether; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	antibacterial drug; prodrug
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.04	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefdinir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	2.04	1	0	macrolide lactam
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
tebipenem tebipenem: an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.03	1	0
tomopenem [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
rwj 54428 RWJ 54428: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	4.69	6	1
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
me1036 ME1036: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tedizolid DA 7157: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. tedizolid : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	3.19	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; drug metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
tedizolid phosphate tedizolid phosphate: a prodrug of DA-7157; structure in first source. tedizolid phosphate : A phosphate monoester resulting from the formal condensation of equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid with the hydroxy group of tedizolid . It is a prodrug of tedizolid, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	3.25	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; phosphate monoester; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; prodrug; protein synthesis inhibitor
vindesine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	2.03	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	4.04	2	0
nemonoxacin nemonoxacin: has antibacterial activity	7.1	1	0	quinolines
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.04	1	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	3.3	6	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	5.49	6	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	8.7	8	3
quinupristin-dalfopristin quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively	4.04	2	0	organic molecular entity
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
cem 101 solithromycin: an antibacterial fluoroketolide; structure in first source	3.25	1	0
achn 490 plazomicin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	7.13	1	0
fr 264205 ceftolozane: cephalosporin anti-bacterial agent with enhanced activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ceftolozane : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (5-amino-4-{[(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics.	2.25	1	0
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.04	1	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.04	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.04	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	6.48	12	0
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.04	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.04	1	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.04	1	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.04	1	0
tigecycline [no description available]	6.75	16	0
rpx7009 RPX7009: a beta-lactamase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	9.27	23	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.04	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.97	4	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.04	1	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.04	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.04	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.04	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	2.04	1	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.04	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
ceftobiprole medocaril ceftobiprole medocaril: a ceftobiprole prodrug	4.63	4	0
rifabutin [no description available]	2.04	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	8.82	14	3
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	8.82	14	3
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	12.9	26	4
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	0	12.9	26	4
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.04	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	5.13	10	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	11.31	68	1
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	2.46	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	11.31	68	1
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	15.3	38	22
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	15.87	45	23
Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available]	0	3.68	3	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	15.87	45	23
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	3.68	3	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.97	4	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	7.94	11	2
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	7.94	11	2
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	6.14	13	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	6.14	13	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.5	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	2.04	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	3.7	3	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	3.91	4	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	3.66	3	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	3.91	4	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	4.85	7	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	4.85	7	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	2.05	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.05	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.05	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	14.09	36	14
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	1	16.09	36	14
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	0	8.07	4	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	0	3.07	4	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	11.86	7	1
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	5.46	7	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	4.54	3	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	0	9.54	3	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	2.48	2	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	13.42	23	10
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	13.42	23	10
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	2.25	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	7.67	16	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	7.67	16	0
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation that is acquired through an interaction within a healthcare institution often through a therapeutic experience (e.g., use of catheters or ventilators).	0	2.31	1	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	0	2.47	2	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.21	1	0
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia [description not available]	0	4.89	5	0
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by bacterial CROSS INFECTION in hospitals.	0	4.89	5	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	4	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	3.12	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	4	2	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	0	4.14	3	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	0	3.12	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	0	9.14	3	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	5.5	3	1
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	5.5	3	1
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	0	2.05	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Skin Diseases, Viral Skin diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.05	1	0
Bone Diseases, Infectious Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.	0	2.97	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	2.97	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	7.06	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	7.06	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	2.06	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	2.07	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.42	2	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	0	2.02	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.02	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	2.02	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2	1	0

ceftobiprole

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