ticarcillin profile

Ticarcillin is a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic. It was developed in the 1970s and is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-negative bacteria, which are often resistant to other antibiotics. Ticarcillin is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycans, which are essential components of bacterial cell walls. This disruption in cell wall synthesis leads to bacterial cell death. Ticarcillin is often used to treat infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Ticarcillin is important because it can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is studied to understand its efficacy in treating infections and to explore potential for new applications in antibiotic development. '

Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	36921
CHEMBL ID	1449
CHEBI ID	9587
SCHEMBL ID	34025
MeSH ID	M0021517

Synonym
(2s,5r,6r)-6-{[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-(3-thienyl)acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
ticarcillin
C07139
34787-01-4
DB01607
(2s,5r,6r)-6-{[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
alpha-carboxy-3-thienylmethylpenicillin
ticarcillin [inn:ban]
ticarcilline [inn-french]
ticarcillinum [inn-latin]
ticarcilina [inn-spanish]
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2s-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(s*)))-
einecs 252-213-5
SPBIO_002967
PRESTWICK1_001067
PRESTWICK0_001067
PRESTWICK2_001067
ticarcillinum
6beta-{[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino}-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
ticarcilline
ticarcilina
CHEBI:9587 ,
CHEMBL1449
tipc
ticillin [veterinary] (tn)
D08593
ticarcillin (inn)
brl2288
unii-f93ujx4swt
f93ujx4swt ,
ticarcillin supplement
ticarcillin [who-dd]
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((2r)-2-carboxy-2-(3-thienyl)acetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2s,5r,6r)-
ticarcillin [inn]
ticarcillin [vandf]
ticarcillin [mi]
(2s,5r,6r)-6-(((2r)-2-carboxy-2-(3-thienyl)acetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
EPITOPE ID:120358
AKOS015894856
SCHEMBL34025
DTXSID0023668
(2s,5r,6r)-6-[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
ticarcillin supplement, for microbiology
OHKOGUYZJXTSFX-KZFFXBSXSA-N
HY-139805
bdbm50103522
J-019755
(2s,5r,6r)-6-((r)-2-carboxy-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
ticarcillin free base
Q2601832
EN300-399797
timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanate)
(2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
gtpl10928
ticarcillin supplement for microbiology
CS-0255585

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ticarcillin is a semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral administration. "	( Ticarcillin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1980)	3.15
"Ticarcillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin similar to carbenicillin. "	( Study of the effects of ticarcillin on blood coagulation and platelet function. Alfrey C, P; Bradshaw, MW; Brown, CH; Natelson, EA; Williams, TW, 1975)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ticarcillin has a retention time of or approximately 5.3 min at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min for a mobile phase of acetonitrile-aqueous 0.06 M sodium biphosphate, pH 2.05, (50.5:100)."	( High-pressure liquid chromatographic assays for ticarcillin in serum and urine. Kwan, RH; MacLeod, SM; Spino, M; Teare, FW, 1982)	1.24
"ticarcillin, has the following characters: The incidence of ticarcillin-resistant strains is about 21% but it varies with hospitals from 10.9 to 35.1%."	( [Distribution of constituent beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. Meyran, M; Nevot, P; Philippon, A; Thabaut, A, 1984)	0.99
"Ticarcillin has been used successfully in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection, pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis and bacteraemia and is effective when combined with an aminoglycoside in severe infections in patients with granulocytopenia."	( Ticarcillin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1980)	2.43
"Ticarcillin has a retention time of or approximately 5.3 min at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min for a mobile phase of acetonitrile-aqueous 0.06 M sodium biphosphate, pH 2.05, (50.5:100)."	( High-pressure liquid chromatographic assays for ticarcillin in serum and urine. Kwan, RH; MacLeod, SM; Spino, M; Teare, FW, 1982)	1.24
"Ticarcillin has proved to be two- to fourfold more active than carbenicillin against most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "	( Comparison and evaluation of ticarcillin and carbenicillin using disk diffusion methods. Neu, HC; Parry, MF, 1976)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid resulted in a cure in 70 to 89 percent of animals, showing that this combination is the most effective regimen in the treatment of rats with experimental intra-abdominal abscesses caused by B."	( In vitro activity and in vivo evaluation of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bansal, MB; Chuah, SK; Thadepalli, H, 1985)	0.87

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No other drug-related adverse effects were noted."	( Comparison of the safety and efficacy of parenteral ticarcillin/clavulanate and clindamycin/gentamicin in serious intra-abdominal infections. Arous, EJ; Doern, GV; Fairchild, PG; Fink, MP; Helsmoortel, CM; Moriarty, KP; Townsend, PL, 1989)	0.53
" Four patients with initial evidence of mildly impaired renal function received full supplements without adverse effects or the development of nephrotoxicity."	( Amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by sodium supplements with coadministration of ticarcillin or intravenous saline. Branch, RA; Heidemann, H; Jackson, EK; Jacqz, E; Meusers, P; Ohnhaus, EE; Ray, WA; Stein, R, 1987)	0.49
" Safety evaluation studies carried out in the animals established as suitable for studying the toxicology of ticarcillin have shown no unexpected synergistic or antagonistic toxic effects of Timentin not predicted from the toxicological evaluation of clavulanate alone."	( Safety of ticarcillin disodium/potassium clavulanate. Cockburn, A; Jackson, D; Mellows, G; Tasker, TC; White, D, 1986)	0.89
" Of the 1659 patients studied, 161 adverse reactions were reported from 151 patients (9."	( An evaluation of the safety and tolerance of Timentin. Croydon, EA; Hermoso, C, 1986)	0.27
" Adverse reactions to the study drug were minimal; eosinophilia, unaccompanied by other allergic phenomena, and oral candidiasis were most frequent."	( Clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid. Bibler, M; Bode, R; Bullock, WE; Douce, R; Hamilton, B; Roselle, GA; Staneck, JL; Sullivan, R, 1985)	0.53
" Adverse reactions (all reversible) were reported in 11 (61 percent) patients, the most frequent of which was phlebitis."	( Safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in adult women. Aldridge, KE; Derks, FW; Marier, RL; Martin, DH; Sanders, CV, 1985)	0.56
" Adverse drug-related reactions required discontinuation of treatment in two patients, although other minor abnormal laboratory findings were common."	( Safety and efficacy of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of infections of soft tissue, bone, and joint. Finegold, SM; George, WL; Helsel, CL; Johnson, CC; Mulligan, ME; Reinhardt, JF; Terpenning, MS; Wallace, SL, 1985)	0.58
" All 43 patients were monitored for adverse reactions by both clinical observation and laboratory tests."	( Safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium in treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Mostow, SR; O'Brien, RF, 1985)	0.56
"In a retrospective study we have compared the toxic side effects related to the use of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic, leukaemic patients undergoing first remission-induction."	( Observations on the toxicity of the combination of gentamicin and mezlocillin in the treatment of patients with acute leukaemia. Jones, DM; Kane, RJ; Lawston, FG; Rankin, EM; Scarffe, JH, 1984)	0.27
" The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam in skin and soft tissue infections. File, TM; Tan, JS, 1994)	0.29
" There is therefore a need to identify agents that are safe as well as effective for topical otologic use."	( Ototoxicity of topical ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in the chinchilla. Jakob, T; Meyerhoff, WL; Robinson, K; Wright, CG, 1995)	0.6
"Significant toxic effects, involving both the middle and inner ear, were observed in all experimental groups."	( Ototoxicity of topical ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in the chinchilla. Jakob, T; Meyerhoff, WL; Robinson, K; Wright, CG, 1995)	0.6
" Nine patients had PICC line complications and five patients had drug adverse events."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.64

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Elimination half-life of ticarcillin was measured in 61 patients with different levels of renal function after intravenous rapid infusion (1--20 g)."	( [Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with normal and impaired renal function (author's transl)]. Dalhoff, A; Höffler, D; Koeppe, P, 1978)	0.88
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas, were studied."	( Ticarcillin: pharmacokinetics in man according to different administration schedules. Dalhoff, A; Höffler, D, 1977)	1.97
" In individuals with rates of creatinine clearance of greater than 60 ml per min, the half-life (+/- standard deviation) of ticarcillin was 71 +/- 6 min after intravenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with abnormal renal function. Neu, HC; Parry, MF, 1976)	0.79
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas, were compared to those of carbenicillin in 12 healthy volunteers."	( Ticarcillin vs carbenicillin: clinical pharmacokinetics. Clarke, JT; Kirby, WM; Libke, RD; Luthy, RP; Ralph, ED, 1975)	1.97
" We approximated in mice the human pharmacokinetic profiles of netilmicin, ticarcillin and ceftazidime."	( Simulation of human pharmacokinetic profiles in mice, and impact on antimicrobial efficacy of netilmicin, ticarcillin and ceftazidime in the peritonitis-septicemia model. Gerber, AU; Segessenmann, C; Stalder, B; Stritzko, T, 1990)	0.72
" The mean elimination half-life of ticarcillin in serum was 70."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with cystic fibrosis: a controlled prospective study. Chaffin, D; de Groot, R; Hack, BD; Ramsey, B; Smith, AL; Weber, A, 1990)	0.88
" The patients were allocated to Groups 1-3 on the basis of the pharmacokinetic characteristics obtained."	( The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate acid in neonates. Doerck, M; Fricke, G; Hafner, D; Horton, R; Kresken, M, 1989)	0.58
"A pharmacokinetic trial with ticarcillin/clavulanate was undertaken in patients with severe burns."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate in severely burned patients. Adam, D; Koeppe, P; Wesch, R; Zellner, PR, 1989)	0.89
" With use of numerous multiple-dosing regimens in an animal model, this study is the first to successfully minimize the interdependence between pharmacokinetic parameters and thereby determine, by stepwise multivariate regression analysis, that the time that serum levels exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most significant parameter determining efficacy for beta-lactams and erythromycin against various pathogens, whereas the log area under the curve was the major parameter for aminoglycosides."	( Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model. Craig, WA; Ebert, S; Gudmundsson, S; Leggett, J; Turnidge, J; Vogelman, B, 1988)	0.27
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for the individual compounds were determined from plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function. Chudzik, GM; Cooper, DL; Doyle, GD; Jungbluth, GL; Jusko, WJ, 1986)	0.59
" This is supported by comparison of certain pharmacokinetic parameters for TICAR and CLA."	( Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in dog following parenteral administration of Timentin. Garg, RC; Keefe, TJ; Vig, MM, 1987)	0.55
" A pharmacokinetic study was performed in three newborns (under three months) and ten children (mean age 3 years)."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Timentin in paediatric infections. Bégué, P; Quinet, B; Quiniou, F, 1986)	0.27
" Experimental pharmacokinetic studies in the guinea pig were performed in the inner ear and eye fluids and in serum."	( Timentin--clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation in otorhinolaryngology. Federspil, P; Koch, A; Schätzle, W; Tiesler, E, 1986)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, urine recovery, penetration and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid ratios were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of Timentin: a simultaneous study of serum, urine, lymph, suction blister and subcutaneous thread fluid. Dale, LG; Hellum, KB; Thurmann-Nielsen, E; Walstad, RA, 1986)	0.51
"Certain antipseudomonal penicillins, such as mezlocillin, exhibit a nonlinear pharmacokinetic disposition with increasing doses."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of low- and high-dose ticarcillin. Barriere, SL; Batman, R; Flaherty, JF; Gambertoglio, JG; Guglielmo, BJ, 1986)	0.52
" The mean peak concentration in endometrial tissue, 12."	( Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue concentrations of ticarcillin given to the horse by intravenous and intrauterine routes. Baggot, JD; Hietala, SK; Mihalyi, JE; Spensley, MS; Wilson, WD, 1986)	0.52
" Model-dependent and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were congruous."	( Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Brown, AL; Jacobs, RF; Kearns, GL; Kluza, RB; Trang, JM; Underwood, FL; Warren, RH, 1985)	1.71
" Ticarcillin half-life was shorter in patients than in controls."	( [Pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of ticarcillin in 11 patients with cystic fibrosis]. de Meirleire, F; Fauchere, JL; Simon, G, 1984)	1.43
" The serum half-life of the beta elimination phase of carbenicillin was lower than that of either piperacillin or ticarcillin."	( Comparative study of piperacillin, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin pharmacokinetics. Hirschman, SZ; Meyers, BR; Srulevitch, E; Strougo, L, 1980)	0.75
"The capabilities of two pharmacokinetic amikacin dosing methods were evaluated and compared with the standard amikacin dosage recommended by the manufacturer."	( Comparison of standard versus pharmacokinetically adjusted amikacin dosing in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Britten, J; Caplan, E; deJongh, CA; Finley, RS; Fortner, CL; Newman, KA; Schimpff, SC; Wade, JC; Wiernik, PH, 1982)	0.26
" Serum samples were analysed by the chemical method for penicillin and the data subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis using a two compartment open model."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in man. Davies, BE; Humphrey, MJ; Langley, PF; Lees, L; Legg, B; Wadds, GA, 1982)	0.59
"Inadequate therapeutic results in the treatment of bacterial infections in patients with Cystic Fibrosis prompted a reevaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of orally and parenterally administered drugs in these patients."	( [Pharmacokinetic of antibiotics in patients with mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. Guggenbichler, JP; Pillwein, K; Rohrer, R; Schabel, F, 1981)	0.26
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were determined after the first dose (n = 22) and again under steady-state conditions (n = 16) in a group of infants and children."	( Pharmacokinetic-based ticarcillin/clavulanic acid dose recommendations for infants and children. Blumer, JL; Reed, MD; Yamashita, TS, 1995)	0.88
"To evaluate the pharmacodynamic antibacterial activity of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (T-C) and ampicillin-sulbactam (A-S) combinations against reference bacterial strains in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on long-term hemodialysis."	( Comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid in patients with chronic renal failure: effects of differential pharmacokinetics on serum bactericidal activity. Butler, SC; Hardin, TC; Jorgensen, JH; Ross, S; Wakeford, JH, )	0.64
"Various suggestions have been made for empirical pharmacodynamic indices of antibiotic effectiveness, such as areas under the drug concentration-time curve in serum (AUC), AUC > MIC, AUC/MIC, area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC), AUC above MIC, and time above MIC (T > MIC)."	( Comparisons between antimicrobial pharmacodynamic indices and bacterial killing as described by using the Zhi model. Barbaut, X; Bleyzac, N; Bouvier d'Yvoire, MY; Corvaisier, S; Jelliffe, RW; Maire, PH, 1998)	0.3
"Continuous infusion (CI) ticarcillin-clavulanate is a potential therapeutic improvement over conventional intermittent dosing because the major pharmacodynamic (PD) predictor of efficacy of beta-lactams is the time that free drug levels exceed the MIC."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.94
", to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of a single dose of ticarcillin."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections. Byrd, L; Hunter, RP; Koch, DE; Manire, CA; Rhinehart, HL, 2005)	0.89
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
"The primary study objective was to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) MIC breakpoints (the highest MIC with a probability of target attainment [PTA] of at least 90%) for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal targets of ticarcillin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the study dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.78
" In infants <30 weeks gestational age, pharmacokinetic data to guide ticarcillin-clavulanate dosing are lacking."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanate in premature infants. Anand, R; Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Cotten, CM; Harper, B; Hornik, CP; Laughon, M; Mundakel, G; Smith, PB; Watt, KM, 2019)	1.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ticarcillin was used in combination with either cephalothin or gentamicin as initial empiric antibiotic therapy for 127 patient trials of suspected infection in granulocytopenic cancer patients."	( Ticarcillin in combination with cephalothin or gentamicin as empiric antibiotic therapy in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Fortner, CL; Hahn, DM; Landesman, S; Schimpff, SC; Standiford, HC; Wiernik, PH; Young, VM, 1976)	3.14
"The in vitro antimicrobial activity of ticarcillin (TICAR), mezlocillin (MEZLO), piperacillin (PIPER), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ), alone and in combination with 8 micrograms/ml of sulbactam (SULB), was studied by agar dilution against TICAR resistant strains isolated in 8 hospitals over a period of 3 months in 1989 (747 enterobacteria, 110 Ps."	( [In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics in combination with sulbactam against enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter. Results of a multicenter study]. Acar, JF; Denis, F; Drugeon, H; Fleurette, J; Kazmierczak, A; Siebor, E; Sirot, J; Soussy, CJ; Thabaut, A, 1991)	0.55
"The beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, was combined with amoxicillin and with ticarcillin for in vitro studies with 586 staphylococci: 97 stock cultures of oxacillin-resistant strains recovered before 1982, and 489 blood or wound isolates collected from 40 separate medical centers during 1987-1988 (300 were oxacillin resistant)."	( Antistaphylococcal activity of amoxicillin and ticarcillin when combined with clavulanic acid. Evaluation of oxacillin-resistant and oxacillin-susceptible isolates. Barry, AL, )	0.61
"The in-vitro synergistic activity of YTR 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with four extended-spectrum penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin and apalcillin) against ticarcillin-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-negative enteric bacilli was compared with that of clavulanate and sulbactam."	( Comparative activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate and sulbactam combined with extended-spectrum penicillins against ticarcillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads. Aronoff, SC; Jacobs, MR; Johenning, S; Yamabe, S, 1986)	0.68
"Over a two year period 174 evaluable episodes of fever in neutropenic patients were treated in a randomized study comparing four beta-lactam antibiotics, each given in combination with netilmicin."	( A randomized trial of empirical antibiotic therapy with one of four beta-lactam antibiotics in combination with netilmicin in febrile neutropenic patients. Blacklock, H; Corringham, R; Devereux, S; Guimaraes, M; Hann, I; Hoffbrand, AV; Prentice, HG; Sage, R; Stirling, L; Trikka, E, 1988)	0.27
"A total of 103 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied to compare the in vitro effectiveness of three beta-lactam antibiotics (piperacillin, ticarcillin, and mezlocillin) when used alone and in combination with four aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and netilmicin)."	( In vitro activity of piperacillin, ticarcillin, and mezlocillin alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cloud, GA; Cobbs, CG; Lyon, MD; Saag, MS; Smith, KR, 1986)	0.75
" chelonei) to ticarcillin in combination with calvulanic acid (CA) was studied by the agar dilution method."	( In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonae to ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid. Benavente, MC; Casal, MJ; Luna, MD; Rodriguez, FC, 1987)	0.83
"The effect of different concentrations of clavulanic acid (CA) in combination with ticarcillin on beta-lactamase production and ticarcillin MIC was studied in four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii and indole positive Proteus strains."	( Induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases by different concentrations of clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin. Stobberingh, EE, 1988)	0.71
" kansasii to amoxycillin alone and in combination with 2 mg/l of clavulanic acid was evaluated by broth dilution."	( In-vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium kansasii to amoxycillin and ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid. Cynamon, MH; Palmer, GS; Wong, CS, 1988)	0.48
"Amdinocillin alone and in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics was tested for in vitro activity against aminoglycoside-susceptible and resistant gram-negative bacteria."	( In vitro activity of amdinocillin in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics against aminoglycoside-susceptible and resistant gram-negative bacteria. Gibson, G; Nachamkin, I; Samel, C; Sawyer, K; Skalina, D, 1988)	0.27
" The findings indicate that antibiotic disks used routinely in the clinical laboratory can be used in a simple elution test to determine susceptibility of organisms to beta-lactam antibiotics alone and in combination with amdinocillin."	( Collaborative clinical laboratory study of a broth-disk test for determination of bacterial susceptibility to beta-lactams in combination with amdinocillin. Barry, AL; Beskid, G; Cleeland, R; Fallat, V; Isenberg, HD; Murray, PR; Pierson, C; Squires, E; Tilton, RC, 1987)	0.27
"One hundred and one isolates representing five species of the Bacteroides fragilis group were examined for their susceptibility to amoxycillin and ticarcillin alone or in combination with clavulanic acid, as well as to cefoxitin, latamoxef (moxalactam), ceftizoxime, imipenem, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and metronidazole by the proposed NCCLS agar dilution method."	( In-vitro activity of amoxycillin and ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid compared with that of new beta-lactam agents against species of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Bourgault, AM; Lamothe, F, 1986)	0.74
"One hundred febrile episodes in neutropenic (PMN less than 500/mm3) patients were treated with Timentin alone or in combination with amikacin."	( A prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy of Timentin alone or in combination with amikacin in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Bru, JP; Hollard, D; Leautet, JB; Legrand, C; Michallet, M; Micoud, M; Sotto, JJ; Stahl, JP; Swierz, P, 1986)	0.27
"5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid respectively."	( The activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides species: an in-vitro comparison with other antibiotics. Bébéar, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Quentin, C, 1986)	1.01
" Four different groups of animals with appropriate controls were treated with penicillin or ticarcillin alone or in combination with CA."	( Activity of penicillin or ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal abscess. Bansal, MB; Prabahala, R; Thadepalli, H, 1986)	0.79
"Timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanic acid) combined with an aminoglycoside usually netilmicin, was given to 33 children with neutropenic haematological malignancies."	( Timentin (ticarcillin and clavulanic acid) in combination with aminoglycosides in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. Leauté, JB; Leverger, G; Reinert, P; Schaison, G, 1986)	1.08
"The in vitro effect of latamoxef against 50 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared to that of ticarcillin, both alone and in combination with the aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin."	( Latamoxef in combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: similarity with ticarcillin. Sears, SD; Standiford, HC; Tatem, BA, 1985)	0.7
" Amoxycillin, clavulanic acid in combination with either amoxycillin or ticarcillin, temocillin and cloxacillin displaced bilirubin at concentrations much higher than those found clinically."	( Displacement of bilirubin from cord serum by sulphadimethoxine, amoxycillin, clavulanic acid in combination with either amoxycillin or ticarcillin, temocillin and cloxacillin. Davies, BE, 1985)	0.7
" Although amdinocillin, alone or in combination with cefoxitin, appeared effective as second-line therapy in infections with organisms shown sensitive in vitro, the combination of amdinocillin and ticarcillin or carbenicillin was only moderately effective in initial therapy for neutropenic, febrile, cancer patients."	( Amdinocillin: use alone or in combination with cefoxitin or carbenicillin-ticarcillin. Bodey, GP; Estey, EH; Lawson, RD, 1983)	0.69
"The in-vitro activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid was compared with that of ticarcillin alone, piperacillin, cefotaxime and, where appropriate, other beta-lactams against a total of 301 recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers."	( Clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactams. Clarke, AM; Zemcov, SJ, 1984)	0.85
"The activities of ticarcillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem, formerly known as N-formimidoyl thienamycin, were evaluated alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against 56 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were characterized by aminoglycoside susceptibility and content of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymatic activities."	( Effect of highly potent antipseudomonal beta-lactam agents alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Berndt, KD; Boisvert, WE; Dudek, EJ; Lerner, SA, )	0.47
"In vitro activity against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis of ticarcillin alone and combined with 4 or 8 mg of clavulanic acid was compared with those of cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, lamoxactam , ceftriaxone and metronidazole."	( [Comparative bacteriostatic activity of ticarcillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, 5 cephalosporins and metronidazole against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis]. Bebear, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Quentin, C, 1984)	0.77
"The efficacies of mezlocillin and ticarcillin, each alone and in combination with gentamicin, in the therapy of experimental left-sided Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis in rabbits were compared."	( Mezlocillin and ticarcillin alone and combined with gentamicin in the treatment of experimental Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis. Kobasa, WD; Levison, ME, 1984)	0.89
" Clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, are equally effective in therapy for intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis."	( Prospective, randomized comparative study of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, in therapy for intraabdominal and female genital tract sepsis. Albritton, WL; Brunton, S; Buckwold, FJ; Gurwith, MJ; Harding, GK; Koss, JC; Marrie, TJ; Ronald, AR, 1980)	0.77
"To determine the effect of regional limb perfusion (RLP) with amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate on synovial fluid concentration and antimicrobial activity of amikacin."	( Accumulation of amikacin in synovial fluid after regional limb perfusion of amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate in horses. Fubini, SL; Schwark, WS; Watts, AE; Zantingh, AJ, 2014)	0.82

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ticarcillin and clavulanate were determined after intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ticarcillin and clavulanate in foals after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Baggot, JD; Hietala, SK; Pryor, P; Spensley, MS; Wilson, WD, 1991)	0.81
"9 hours, with bioavailability of 54."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and intramuscularly administered ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in foals. Beech, J; Simmons, RD; Sweeney, RW, 1988)	0.51
" The bioavailability of ticarcillin was 84."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid given in combination to adult horses by intravenous and intramuscular routes. Beech, J; Simmons, RD; Soma, LR; Sweeney, RW, 1988)	0.91
" In spite of initial faster absorption, the intramuscular bioavailability of CLA (65."	( Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in dog following parenteral administration of Timentin. Garg, RC; Keefe, TJ; Vig, MM, 1987)	0.55
"94 hour after IV injection and the bioavailability of ticarcillin administered IM was 64."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in the horse after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Beech, J; Reef, V; Simmons, R; Soma, LR; Sweeney, CR, 1984)	0.84
" administration both drugs were poorly absorbed into the plasma."	( Administration of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid intravenously and intrauterinely to clinically normal oestrous mares. Papich, MG; Van Camp, SD; Whitacre, MD, 2000)	0.64
"P-glycoprotein (Pgp or ABCB1) is an ABC transporter protein involved in intestinal absorption, drug metabolism, and brain penetration, and its inhibition can seriously alter a drug's bioavailability and safety."	( A novel approach for predicting P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) inhibition using molecular interaction fields. Broccatelli, F; Carosati, E; Cruciani, G; Frosini, M; Goracci, L; Neri, A; Oprea, TI, 2011)	0.37

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The maximum concentrations of the two cytotoxic drugs were chosen to be twice the known peak plasma levels of commonly employed dosage schedules."	( Effect of two cancer chemotherapeutic agents on the antibacterial activity of three antimicrobial agents. Moody, MR; Morris, MJ; Moyé, LA; Schimpff, SC; Wiernik, PH; Young, VM, 1978)	0.26
"Piperacillin was administered to normal, healthy volunteers by an intravenous infusion over 30 min at dosage regimens of 12 gm daily (4 gm every 8 hr) and 24 gm daily (6 gm every 6 hr) for 5 consecutive days."	( Piperacillin kinetics. Batra, VK; Joy, VA; Lasseter, KC; Morrison, JA, 1979)	0.26
" A new dosage schedule for ticarcillin in pediatric patients is proposed."	( Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of ticarcillin in infants and children. Kusmiesz, H; Nelson, JD; Shelton, S; Woodman, E, 1978)	0.83
"Twenty-seven patients with serious gram-negative infections were treated with ticarcillin in an average daily dosage of 237 mg/kg (range, 174 to 307 mg/kg)."	( Clinical and pharmacological studies of ticarcillin in gram-negative infections. Bullock, WE; Ervin, FR, 1976)	0.75
"A randomized prospective study was done, comparing massive penicillin dosage (60 million units) to the recommended dose of ticarcillin (200 mg."	( Adjuvant antimicrobial therapy with renal calculus surgery. Boyce, WH; Harrison, LH; Whitehurst, AW, 1977)	0.46
" Following a rapid intravenous infusion of 1 g, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g ticarcillin respectively the serum half-life was 72-4 minutes independent of the dosage administered."	( Ticarcillin: pharmacokinetics in man according to different administration schedules. Dalhoff, A; Höffler, D, 1977)	1.94
" The results indicate that gentamicin requirements are underestimated by methods currently employed to calculate dosage for patients with renal failure who receive carbenicillin concurrently."	( Inactivation of gentamicin by penicillins in patients with renal failure. Bullock, WE; Ervin, FR; Nuttall, CE, 1976)	0.26
" The unnecessary use of antibiotics was the single most common type of misuse in both groups, but errors in dosing collectively accounted for nearly one-half of antibiotic misuse."	( Antibiotic misuse in two clinical situations: positive blood culture and administration of aminoglycosides. Casabar, E; Dunagan, WC; Gray, JL; Lawrenz, C; Medoff, G; Smith, MD; Spitznagel, E; Woodward, RS, )	0.13
" Ticarcillin and clavulanic acid is a safe and effective alternative to gentamicin and clindamycin in the treatment of secondary bacterial peritonitis and offers advantages in dosing simplicity and freedom from ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects."	( A randomized trial of ticarcillin and clavulanate versus gentamicin and clindamycin in patients with complicated appendicitis. Levine, BA; Sirinek, KR, 1991)	1.51
" Complicated dosing schedules and the possibility of aminoglycoside toxicity make alternatives desirable."	( A preliminary report of ticarcillin and clavulanate versus triple antibiotic therapy in children with ruptured appendicitis. Kaplan, SL; Mason, EO; Pokorny, WJ, 1991)	0.59
" Our findings are of particular importance for the interpretation of studies in small animals comparing different antimicrobial compounds or different dosage regimens."	( Simulation of human pharmacokinetic profiles in mice, and impact on antimicrobial efficacy of netilmicin, ticarcillin and ceftazidime in the peritonitis-septicemia model. Gerber, AU; Segessenmann, C; Stalder, B; Stritzko, T, 1990)	0.49
" A dosage of 3000 micrograms of ticarcillin, which is 38 times the minimal inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, appears safe."	( Retinal toxicity of intravitreal ticarcillin. Heigle, TJ; Peyman, GA, 1990)	0.84
" The penetrations of clavulanic acid into CSF (expressed as [area under the concentration-time curve for CSF/area under the curve for plasma] x 100) after the two dosing schedules were 28 and 24."	( Simulation of human serum pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid and ceftazidime in rabbits, and efficacy against experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis. Catherall, EJ; Kernutt, I; Mizen, L; Woodnutt, G, 1989)	0.54
" Salt depletion resulted in an enhanced nephrotoxic response with a shift in the dose-response curve to the left."	( Role of sodium in the protective effect of ticarcillin on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Branch, KR; Branch, RA; Bryant, TD; Ohnishi, A; Sabra, R, 1989)	0.54
" Variables analyzed to determine the cost of the therapy included duration of treatment, dosage and number of doses administered, side effects, and laboratory tests."	( Cost comparison of ceftazidime versus tobramycin/ticarcillin therapy in three hospitals. Hansen, LA; Parr, MD; Rapp, RP, )	0.39
" The highly dosed antibiotics were well tolerated and emergence of resistance was rarely observed."	( Antimicrobial therapy of Pseudomonas pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. A prospective evaluation of netilmicin plus azlocillin versus netilmicin plus ticarcillin. Desgrandchamps, D; Kraemer, R; Schaad, UB, 1986)	0.47
"5 X 10(8) cfu/ml), either amikacin, ticarcillin, ceftazidime, amikacin-ticarcillin, amikacin-ceftazidime, or ticarcillin-ceftazidime was administered at dosing intervals that mimicked the serum concentrations of the drugs found in humans after therapeutic doses."	( Pseudomonas peritonitis in neutropenic rats treated with amikacin, ceftazidime and ticarcillin, alone and in combination. Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R; Shyu, WC, 1987)	0.77
"Current antimicrobial dosing regimens are designed to maintain active drug levels for most of the dosing interval and are based on 40-y-old observations."	( Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model. Craig, WA; Ebert, S; Gudmundsson, S; Leggett, J; Turnidge, J; Vogelman, B, 1988)	0.27
" Only two patients showed evidence of nephrotoxicity and no dosage modification of amphotericin B was required in any patient."	( Amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by sodium supplements with coadministration of ticarcillin or intravenous saline. Branch, RA; Heidemann, H; Jackson, EK; Jacqz, E; Meusers, P; Ohnhaus, EE; Ray, WA; Stein, R, 1987)	0.49
" The clearances of both drugs decreased proportionately with reduction in renal function, facilitating dosing adjustments based on CLCR."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function. Chudzik, GM; Cooper, DL; Doyle, GD; Jungbluth, GL; Jusko, WJ, 1986)	0.59
" The effect of such dosing on bacterial time-kill curves and on survival was compared with the effect of identical amounts of drug given as a single-bolus injection."	( Antibiotic therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in normal and granulocytopenic mice: comparison of murine and human pharmacokinetics. Brugger, HP; Feller, C; Gerber, AU; Stalder, B; Stritzko, T, 1986)	0.27
"Pharmacokinetics of the novel combination of ticarcillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (BRL 28500, Timentin, Betabactyl) was investigated in order to calculate the dose reduction factor (DRF) and elaborate dosage recommendations for patients with varying degrees of renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetic studies on clavulanate potentiated ticarcillin in normal subjects and patients with renal insufficiency. Höffler, D; Hulla, FW; Koeppe, P, 1987)	0.78
" The dosing requirements for the combination of TIC and CLAV in patients with renal failure are considered."	( Pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid-potentiated ticarcillin in renal failure. Boulton-Jones, M; Henderson, I; Payton, CD; Stewart, MJ; Watson, ID, 1987)	0.53
" Equivalent antibiotic dosing was based on the time rat serum antibiotic levels were above the minimal bactericidal concentration for the challenge organism."	( Efficacy of single-agent therapy with azlocillin, ticarcillin, and amikacin and beta-lactam/amikacin combinations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in granulocytopenic rats. Johnson, DE; Thompson, B, 1986)	0.52
" The mean dosage used in patients under three months was 225 mg/kg/d ticarcillin and 9 mg/kg/d clavulanic acid."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Timentin in paediatric infections. Bégué, P; Quinet, B; Quiniou, F, 1986)	0.51
" The dosage requirement for tobramycin was quite variable, necessitated monitoring of aminoglycoside serum concentrations and in most cases resulted in at least one dosage adjustment."	( Comparison of piperacillin vs. ticarcillin plus tobramycin in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Jackson, MA; Kramer, RI; Kusmiesz, H; Nelson, JD; Prestidge, C; Shelton, S, )	0.42
" The use of concomitant penicillins and changes in dosing strategy seem to be particularly exciting new leads toward elimination of clinical aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity."	( Modification of experimental aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Bennett, WM; Gilbert, DN; Houghton, DC; Wood, CA, 1986)	0.27
" For general condition, dogs dosed with CVA-K at 100 mg/kg showed reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, shaking of the head, facial oedema, a decrease in food intake and a reduction in body weight."	( [Chronic intravenous toxicity studies of potassium clavulanate and BRL28500 in dogs]. Katayama, T; Kobayashi, K; Koshima, Y; Koyanagi, J; Koyu, A; Kurakata, Y; Nagata, R; Nishioka, Y; Onishi, M; Sato, M, 1986)	0.27
" Based on available temocillin pharmacokinetics and recommended dosage schedules, the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints chosen were: greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml = resistant and less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml = susceptible."	( Interpretive criteria for temocillin disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Barry, AL; Fuchs, PC; Jones, RN; Thornsberry, C, 1985)	0.27
" The bactericidal effects of the antibiotic combination were measured in an in vitro kinetic model in which the drug concentrations were varied to simulate those measured in humans after intravenous dosing with ticarcillin (3."	( Antibacterial activity of ticarcillin in the presence of clavulanate potassium. Beale, AS; Boon, RJ; Griffin, KE; Slocombe, B; Stokes, DH; Sutherland, R; White, AR, 1985)	0.76
"Time-kill curves of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to gentamicin or ticarcillin in vitro were correlated with time-kill curves obtained with various dosage schedules of the same study drugs in granulocytopenic mice."	( In-vivo assessment of in-vitro killing patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Feller-Segessenmann, C; Gerber, AU, 1985)	0.5
" Timentin was administered intravenously at an average dosage of 207 mg/kg per day for mild to moderate infection and 310 mg/kg per day for bone and joint infections with systemic signs (sepsis)."	( Timentin therapy for bone, joint, and deep soft tissue infections in children. Aronson, J; Augustine, RA; Jacobs, RF; McCarthy, RE; Steele, RW; Yamauchi, T, 1985)	0.27
" Due to accumulation, dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal insufficiency."	( Pharmacology of ticarcillin combined with clavulanic acid in humans. Chin, NX; Neu, HC; Scully, BE, 1985)	0.62
" These zone standards are still tentative since the dosage schedule has not yet been defined and sufficient clinical experience has not yet been gathered to support the validity of these MIC breakpoints."	( Cefsulodin: antibacterial activity and tentative interpretive zone standards for the disk susceptibility test. Barry, AL; Jones, RN; Thornsberry, C, 1981)	0.26
" These results, within the limitation of the study, suggest that ceftazidime given alone at a dosage of 1 g tds is not significantly worse than tobramycin 120 mg tds plus ticarcillin 2 g tds."	( Ceftazidime compared to tobramycin and ticarcillin in immunocompromised haematological patients. Bellingham, AJ; Bennet, C; Brada, M; Hart, CA; Reilly, JT, 1983)	0.73
"This prospective, controlled, randomized double blind study compared the safety and effectiveness of intravenous azlocillin at a dosage of 6 g/day in three divided doses with that of intravenous ticarcillin at 8 g/day in four divided doses for the treatment of urinary tract infections in 35 patients."	( Comparison of azlocillin and ticarcillin in the treatment of urinary tract infection. Palmer, DL; Reed, WP, 1983)	0.75
"The capabilities of two pharmacokinetic amikacin dosing methods were evaluated and compared with the standard amikacin dosage recommended by the manufacturer."	( Comparison of standard versus pharmacokinetically adjusted amikacin dosing in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Britten, J; Caplan, E; deJongh, CA; Finley, RS; Fortner, CL; Newman, KA; Schimpff, SC; Wade, JC; Wiernik, PH, 1982)	0.26
"The influence of dosing intervals on the activity of gentamicin and ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in vivo."	( Impact of dosing intervals on activity of gentamicin and ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in granulocytopenic mice. Brandel, J; Brugger, HP; Craig, WA; Feller, C; Gerber, AU; Vastola, AP, 1983)	0.75
" As the pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and carbenicillin are also similar, ticarcillin should theoretically be clinically effective when administered at a lower dosage than carbenicillin."	( Ticarcillin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1980)	2
" A further three volunteers were dosed intravenously with a 5 g bolus of non-radiolabelled ticarcillin in a cross-over study with and without predosing with probenecid."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in man. Davies, BE; Humphrey, MJ; Langley, PF; Lees, L; Legg, B; Wadds, GA, 1982)	0.81
" The pharmacy department provides an aminoglycoside-monitoring program and convenient dosing guidelines."	( Rationale and experience in treating suspected hospital-based mixed infections. Billeter, M, )	0.13
" Our results suggest that the current dosing recommendations of 75 mg/kg every 12 h risk subtherapeutic clavulanic acid concentrations and that 50 mg/kg every 6 h is a more rational dosing strategy."	( Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates with presumed sepsis. Burstein, AH; Carlos, RQ; Diaz, PR; Forrest, A; Gal, P; Ransom, JL; Wyble, LE, 1994)	1.73
"Increasing the dosing interval for T-C in patients with end-stage renal disease may lead to periods of insufficient clavulanic acid to protect ticarcillin from beta-lactamase degradation."	( Comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid in patients with chronic renal failure: effects of differential pharmacokinetics on serum bactericidal activity. Butler, SC; Hardin, TC; Jorgensen, JH; Ross, S; Wakeford, JH, )	0.6
" It is concluded that both drugs can be administered concomitantly without any dosage adjustment of theophylline."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of theophylline during co-treatment with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Cazzola, M; Lampa, E; Matera, MG; Paizis, G; Rossi, F; Santangelo, G; Vinciguerra, A, 1993)	0.52
" All samples were collected over one dosing interval."	( Clearance of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in three critically ill children, two with and one without concomitant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bawdon, R; Lindsay, CA; Quigley, R, )	0.5
" Serum bactericidal titers were determined and used to calculate the duration of measurable bactericidal activity over the dosing interval of each of the regimens against two clinical isolates of Bacillus fragilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa."	( Comparison of the bactericidal activities of piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin-sulbactam against clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Klepser, ME; Marangos, MN; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R; Zhu, Z, 1997)	0.53
"To provide an overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and to reassess traditional dosage recommendations based on contemporary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.74
" Integration of these data with defined pathogen minimum inhibitory concentrations underscores the appropriateness of an extended dosing interval (e."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.52
"Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data is an appropriate means to assess/reassess dosing recommendations for antimicrobial agents."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.52
"Continuous infusion (CI) ticarcillin-clavulanate is a potential therapeutic improvement over conventional intermittent dosing because the major pharmacodynamic (PD) predictor of efficacy of beta-lactams is the time that free drug levels exceed the MIC."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.94
" dosage regimens for loggerhead sea turtles are 50 mg/kg q24 hr or 100 mg/kg q48 hr."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections. Byrd, L; Hunter, RP; Koch, DE; Manire, CA; Rhinehart, HL, 2005)	0.65
" This dosing strategy is higher than the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) recommendations and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved package labeling."	( High dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; Zobell, JT, 2010)	0.67
"A retrospective study of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients admitted from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009 who received the dosing regimen for at least 7 days."	( High dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; Zobell, JT, 2010)	0.67
" This dosing strategy is higher than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved package labeling."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.59
"The primary study objective was to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) MIC breakpoints (the highest MIC with a probability of target attainment [PTA] of at least 90%) for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal targets of ticarcillin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the study dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.78
"This was a population-based PK-PD modeling study of pediatric CF patients admitted from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009 who received the dosing regimen for at least 7 days."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.59
" Additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical effectiveness of this dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.59
" The ceftazidime and cefepime dosing ranges from the literature are 200-400 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, maximum 8-12 g/day, and 150-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, up to 6-8 g/day, respectively."	( Optimization of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. cephalosporins and penicillins. Ampofo, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Waters, CD; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.39
" In infants <30 weeks gestational age, pharmacokinetic data to guide ticarcillin-clavulanate dosing are lacking."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanate in premature infants. Anand, R; Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Cotten, CM; Harper, B; Hornik, CP; Laughon, M; Mundakel, G; Smith, PB; Watt, KM, 2019)	1.07
" The sieving coefficient data may help guide appropriate dosing of critically ill patients receiving haemofiltration until more extensive clinical pharmacokinetic data are available."	( In-vitro adsorption and sieving coefficient of ticarcillin-clavulanate during continuous haemofiltration. Choi, GYS; Gomersall, CD; Guerra Valero, Y; Joynt, GM; Lipman, J; Ordóñez Mejia, JL; Roberts, JA; T P Wan, W; Wallis, SC, 2019)	0.77

Role	Description
antibacterial drug	A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
penicillin	Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.
penicillin allergen	Any penicillin which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	233.0000	3.0200	3.0200	3.0200	AID1209730
Solute carrier family 22 member 20	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	535.0160	1.1000	6.6789	9.1201	AID360149
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	527.4035	0.4074	5.0217	9.4000	AID360150
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Beta-lactamase	Citrobacter gillenii	Km	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID285442
Beta-lactamase	Aeromonas caviae	Km	140.0000	7.0000	7.0000	7.0000	AID374363
Beta-lactamase	Shouchella clausii	Km	6.0000	0.0100	3.0050	6.0000	AID373209
Beta-lactamase	Burkholderia cenocepacia	Km	60.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID541022
Beta-lactamase	Aeromonas allosaccharophila	Km	9.0000	1.5000	6.3000	10.0000	AID584846
Metallo-beta-lactamase	Stutzerimonas stutzeri	Km	80.0000	3.5000	4.7500	6.0000	AID518728
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	11.0000	4.2000	4.2500	4.3000	AID519746; AID519983
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Km	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID285442
Beta-lactamase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Westhampton	Km	18.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID556340
Beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	6.0000	5.0000	7.1667	10.0000	AID519982
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas luteola	Km	14.0000	7.0000	7.5000	8.0000	AID495635
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (807)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID567091	Drug absorption in human assessed as human intestinal absorption rate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Prediction of drug intestinal absorption by new linear and non-linear QSPR.
AID521485	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2303 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID372607	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-158 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495514	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BM4668 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID562328	Antimicrobial activity against Chryseobacterium indologenes 597 expressing metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID522017	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia rettgeri isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-101 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID511290	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID540947	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pB-c36 plasmid expressing cephalosporinase CMY-36 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID325449	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 3556 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID428288	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4579 expressing adeIJK genes with pAT807 isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by E test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID529582	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bradyrhizobium japonicum beta-Lactamase BJP-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID555666	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring natural plasmid pWES-1 carrying CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID495513	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4467 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID520890	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans LOL in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID425866	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 expressing beta-lactamase CAD1 at 3 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID555686	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID518725	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase DIM-1 by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactam inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID322317	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent resistant isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID520971	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 633 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID372608	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-12 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID529470	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate 11 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1 and Oxa-1 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID541004	Antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia 07-34 expressing beta-lactamase PenB1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID373051	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus clausii ATCC 21537 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID325444	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID529459	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase Oxa-48 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID372640	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-35 to Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID531753	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2439 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID495904	Antimicrobial activity in Klebsiella pneumoniae DIH-2 clinical isolate expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID564531	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid with entire blaAmpC gene by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID559921	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-S69 by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID428285	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4652 expressing adeABC adeIJK double mutant isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID520966	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae YC by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID541022	Activity at Burkholderia cenocepacia 07-34 beta-lactamase PenB1 expressed in Escherichia coli Top10 by UV-spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID531746	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa FE60 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID372613	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID555676	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring phagemid pBK-CMV by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID564547	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue insertion at 215 position by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID555565	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 27135 expressing VIM-2 beta lactamase gene by Etest in presence of clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID495798	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 beta-lactamase BIC-1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B using nitrocefin hydrolysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID531600	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-11 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID534387	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 W1895 by microdilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID554427	Ratio of MIC for mexB deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa FB1 mutant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID372610	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID531604	Activity of Escherichia coli Inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase SHV-56	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID374363	Activity of Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-19 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by computerized microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID558337	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1650 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID585209	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-2 E104, N170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID322318	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent nonsusceptible isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID558319	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter coli by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID394683	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID541019	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID495512	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BM4666 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID558326	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-negative and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1962 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID424324	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID560118	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID394688	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant OprD-deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID326268	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID522034	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p3A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID372619	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID422493	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens BM4490 expressing beta-lactamase CAD1 at 3 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID372605	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing beta-lactamase pI 5.2 and pI 5.4 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID531754	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2439 harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID340727	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-2 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID522387	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID424319	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID520970	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNGR plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID554402	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 3066 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID519747	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-72	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID560119	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558338	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1730 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID279182	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID559416	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 3208 expressing multiple-antibiotic resistance gene AbaR5 by Viek 2 system in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	AbaR5, a large multiple-antibiotic resistance region found in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495636	Ratio of kcat/Km for Pseudomonas luteola LAM Beta-lactamase LUT-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID522060	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID372616	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID558332	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni isolate P338 harboring blaOXA-61::cat gene by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID369642	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii C clone by Etest method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Molecular epidemiology of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying plasmid-mediated OXA-40 from a Portuguese hospital.
AID555661	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton isolate 04CEB8273SAL expressing CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID285260	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-28 and ESBL by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID394684	Antibacterial activity against wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID587728	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 IMP-1-pLBII after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID405820	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 501 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID531675	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID360151	Ratio of pKi for mouse Oat1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes to pKi for mouse Oat6 expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33	Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members.
AID522006	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID285269	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM28	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID373214	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 to ratio of Kcat/Km for Bacillus anthracis beta-lactamase Bla1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID520705	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii phenotype 1 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID531601	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pSC1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID585398	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1SML metallo-beta-lactamase L1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID531752	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3308 harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID535708	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 by agar dilution method in presence of 2 mg/liter clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID322323	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5905 isolates expressing CTX-M-15 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID531676	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid containing OXA-58-3 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID520973	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2303 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID524256	Activity at Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID522025	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520968	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pRYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID554395	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2716 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID528606	Activity of Escherichia coli 2138 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID587727	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 IMP-18-pLBII after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID520889	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans MER in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID495795	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harbouring recombinant plasmid pSau1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 from Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 by Etest in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID519749	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-72	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID495635	Activity of Pseudomonas luteola LAM Beta-lactamase LUT-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID564550	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pTOPO plasmid by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495797	Activity at Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 beta-lactamase BIC-1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B carrying pSau1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID530348	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID522035	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp4A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID372615	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID428287	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4579 expressing deltaadeIJK genes isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID529159	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100609 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Synergy between polyethylenimine and different families of antibiotics against a resistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID519982	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-55	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID394694	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing MexAB-OprM pump, MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID585199	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-5 E104, S170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID542589	Antimicrobial activity against plasmid encoded beta-lactamase OXA-58 deficient Acinetobacter radioresistens by CLSI method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Codetection of blaOXA-23-like gene (blaOXA-133) and blaOXA-58 in Acinetobacter radioresistens: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.
AID567311	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2202 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID528601	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID529467	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase Oxa-48 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID584842	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER1 by agar dilution method in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID531619	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 by agar dilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID372612	Antibacterial activity against rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli C600 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495799	Ratio of Kcat to Km of KPC-2 using nitrocefin hydrolysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID519743	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae INSRA1229 harboring SHV-72 Ile8Phe, Ala146Val, and Lys234Arg mutations by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID529457	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae containing PFGE clone B expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1, CTX-M-15 and Oxa-1 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID558336	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1618 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID495631	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola LAM expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID424863	Antimicrobial activity against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate assessed as resistant isolates	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spanish hospitals.
AID533759	Antibacterial activity against OXA-10, PSE-1, VIM-2 and PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P22 exhibiting PFGE F pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID495510	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4454 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID285267	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM29	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID522386	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli NI540 carrying cloned class C beta-lactamase TRU-1 gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID511294	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NL68 expressing GES-13 beta lactamase in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531605	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID322314	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent resistant isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID535713	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID394714	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates assessed as susceptible rate by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID533000	Antibacterial activity against IMP-18 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P85 exhibiting PFGE K pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID534391	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID559919	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG4 gene by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID285268	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM152	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID524245	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID533758	Antibacterial activity against PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P170 exhibiting PFGE G pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID425864	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens CIP101029 at 3 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID529466	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase TEM-1, CTX-M-15 and Oxa-1 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID373209	Activity of Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID535062	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU ATCC 17903 harboring pOXA-58-5 plasmid by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID322315	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent nonsusceptible isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID495509	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4587 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID324311	Antimicrobial activity against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as percent resistant isolates	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Effects of carbapenem exposure on the risk for digestive tract carriage of intensive care unit-endemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in critically ill patients.
AID520980	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae YC by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID528603	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring blaKPC-2 and blaTEM-1 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID587729	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying empty pBC-SK after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID520969	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae GR by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID424858	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa GY3 producing blaVIM-2 by E-test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spanish hospitals.
AID529572	Antimicrobial activity against Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID369641	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii B clone by Etest method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Molecular epidemiology of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying plasmid-mediated OXA-40 from a Portuguese hospital.
AID585397	Activity at Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1SML metallo-beta-lactamase L1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID520977	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID521487	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2404 plasmid by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID424323	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID522187	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID567313	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2204 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID567309	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2207 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID564532	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid with entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue deletion at 215 position by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID554399	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2858 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID522010	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pBIC containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522018	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pPR containing beta-lactamase and TEM-101 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID285271	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID560131	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522047	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBIC expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID558318	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID531751	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3308 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID285264	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha TC1179 isolate expressing TEM-1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID425863	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens CIP101029 at 0.5 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID325448	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID360150	Inhibition of mouse Oat1-mediated [3H]PAH uptake in Xenopus oocytes after 1 hr	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33	Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID522062	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pCF containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID285442	Activity of Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 Beta-lactamase GIL1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID394698	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing MexXY-OprM pump, TEM-2 by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID564228	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-143	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522036	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp5A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID558323	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni isolate P270 harboring blaOXA-61::cat gene by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID567307	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2205 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID511287	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NL68 expressing GES-13 beta lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520881	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant p6S3 expressing beta lactamase OXA-114a by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID495903	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli DIH-1 expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID520983	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae GR by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID564533	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue insertion at 215 position by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID518729	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas stutzeri beta-lactamase DIM-1by UV-spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID522032	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBb containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID531755	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2126 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID285270	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM36	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID522049	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpE expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID324359	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID394682	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates assessed as resistant rate by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID518728	Activity of Pseudomonas stutzeri beta-lactamase DIM-1 by UV-spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID495905	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli TOP10 hourbouring recombinant plasmid VIM-19 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID535697	Antimicrobial activity against Azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Detection of the pandemic O25-ST131 human virulent Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-producing clone harboring the qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in a dog.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID533764	Antibacterial activity against OXA-19 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P11 exhibiting PFGE A pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID520717	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP7010 harboring pOXA-97 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID564540	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558335	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1093 harboring blaOXA-61::cat gene by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID583652	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Emergence of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Australia.
AID565210	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate A-1760 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID522044	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520982	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pRYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID530816	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID560122	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG4 gene by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID584841	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID524257	Ratio of Kcat to Km in Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID534384	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 W1895 transconjugant harboring pCF243 by microdilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID518727	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactam inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID1209734	Inhibition of mouse OAT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID562331	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID531677	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid containing OXA-58-4 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID409954	Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21	Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID584843	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER2 by agar dilution method in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID511297	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID369640	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii A clone expressing carbapenemase-encoding blaOXA-40 gene by Etest method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Molecular epidemiology of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying plasmid-mediated OXA-40 from a Portuguese hospital.
AID555677	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring phagemid pBK-CMV by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID522055	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia rettgeri isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-101 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID564546	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue deletion at 215 position by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID285265	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-CMV by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID495515	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70-10 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID495838	Hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID522023	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter freundii isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID584840	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 expressing beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID495808	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha 2878 transformant expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID524258	Activity at Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID598251	Inhibition of human ABCB1-mediated rhodamine 123 efflux in mouse L5178 cells expressing human MDR1 after 20 mins by FACS analysis	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	A novel approach for predicting P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) inhibition using molecular interaction fields.
AID584844	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution method in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID531615	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp2792 expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID585195	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-2 E104, N170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID533002	Antibacterial activity against VEB-1a and OXA-10 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P151 exhibiting PFGE I pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID567303	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2201 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID554398	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2804 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID540948	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pB-c2 plasmid expressing cephalosporinase CMY-2 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID560120	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii by disk diffusion method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID564525	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID511289	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha pB-ges-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID587733	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID495791	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PF-1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID518519	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena isolate NOR after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID529574	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid BC-SK after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID373053	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID520876	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID564229	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-143	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID585210	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-5 E104, S170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID495809	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harbouring plasmid BK-VIM-19 expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID558324	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-negative and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P835 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID522065	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID567316	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2207 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID520975	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2404 plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID522041	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp7A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID554389	Antimicrobial activity against ampicillin- and ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa FE60 mutant transformed with pAGH97 carrying mexXY F1018L mutant by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID285441	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID564543	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522384	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas enteropelogenes ATCC 49803 producing endogenous class C beta-lactamase TRU-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID279183	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing recombinant beta lactamase LAP1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID529458	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase TEM-1, CTX-M-15 and Oxa-1 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID531756	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2126 harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID554397	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2729 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID283218	Antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from cystic fibrosis patient assessed as percent susceptible isolates	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Antimicrobial susceptibility and synergy studies of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.
AID394693	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing MexAB-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID520985	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 633 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID372641	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1 to Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID520976	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 harboring pCOL plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID540942	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serotype Newport AM17274 expressing CMY-31 cephalosporinase by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID422495	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harboring pAT514 by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID531599	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp2792 expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID534385	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 W1895 by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID524259	Ratio of Kcat to Km in Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID531606	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli Inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase SHV-56	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID564535	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue insertion at 215 position and R210P substitution by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558334	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1093 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID394713	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID529575	Activity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID422882	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex isolated from diabetic patient with calcaneal osteomyelitis by broth microdilution assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Development of colistin-dependent Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex.
AID322320	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5776 isolates expressing CTX-M-14 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID565207	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate H-1406 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID563522	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY219 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID564216	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 harboring plasmid PH98 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID530349	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID495793	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID556340	Activity of Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton beta-lactamase CTX-M-53	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID522004	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p7A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522021	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520707	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii phenotype 2 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID535707	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID563523	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY220 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID558322	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID495644	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID372617	Activity of Escherichia coli CF0042 beta-lactamase TEM-35 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID529573	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid pLBII carrying beta-lactamase CAR-1 gene after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID522013	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBEL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID540943	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae HP205 expressing CMY-36 cephalosporinase by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID521491	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID529456	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae containing PFGE clone A expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1, SHV-12 and Oxa-9 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID529461	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID554391	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 615R obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID519746	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID521991	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp11978 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48, SHV-2a and TEM-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID373052	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B carrying pJIM2246 expressing Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID531616	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-11 by agar dilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID394690	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC, PSE-1, MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID535710	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID518522	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena CIP 104301T after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID587731	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP18 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID564213	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 135040 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495656	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing recombinant beta-lactamase BEL-2 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID429077	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID535059	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID531617	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pSC1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID531680	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii Ab290 harboring TVICU53 plasmid by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495794	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PF-1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 by Etest in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID564541	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-50 plasmid by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID565197	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate H-1406 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID528600	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring blaKPC-2 and blaTEM-1 gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID405821	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 695 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID424331	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID511288	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha pB-ges-13 plasmid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID554387	Antimicrobial activity against ampicillin- and ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa FE60 mutant transformed with pAGH97 carrying mexXY operon by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID555557	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 27135 expressing VIM-2 beta lactamase gene by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID322322	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5905 isolates expressing CTX-M-15 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID425865	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 expressing beta-lactamase CAD1 at 0.5 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID529460	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase TEM-1, SHV-12 and Oxa-9 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID522050	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pE containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID564222	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring plasmid PH1 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495802	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 138 expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID521488	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 harboring pCOL plasmid by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID518726	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID522064	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEcA containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID583651	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli isolate 271	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Emergence of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Australia.
AID322316	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID563518	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522039	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p5A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID394695	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC, MexXY-OprM pump, TEM-2 by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID495633	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B transfected with pBK-L3 expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID535714	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method in presence of 2 mg/liter clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID326265	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 3521r carrying pR352 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID554393	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 3020R obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID522011	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpE expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID531678	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii TVICU53 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID373050	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus clausii NR expressing beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID285255	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CF1179 isolate expressing CMT and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID564539	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii AYE expressing VEB-1 gene by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID585196	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-6 K104, S170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID531679	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii Ab290 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID326266	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 carrying pR3521 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID531747	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa EryR by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID564545	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID531758	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1956 harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID567312	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2203 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID534382	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 W1895 transconjugant harboring pCF243 by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID519983	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID372618	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli CF0042 beta-lactamase TEM-35	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID520878	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans LOL by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID325443	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K10 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID424332	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID567308	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2206 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID422498	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1 relative to benzyl-penicillin	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID554388	Antimicrobial activity against ampicillin- and ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa FE60 mutant transformed with pAGH97 carrying mexXY F29S mutant by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID558325	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-negative and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P850 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID520715	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP7010 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID585193	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-1 E104, G170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID279187	Ratio of kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate beta lactamase LAP1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID554386	Antimicrobial activity against mexXY deficient ampicillin- and ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa FE60 mutant by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID564527	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID1475190	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate after 18 to 24 hrs	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-22, Volume: 60, Issue:12	Design, Synthesis, and Properties of a Potent Inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Deacetylase LpxC.
AID558536	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-negative and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P854 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID495516	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AYE by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID555562	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate M136074 expressing IMP-22 beta lactamase gene by Etest in presence of clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID520967	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID564548	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue deletion at 215 position and R210P substitution by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID565198	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate A-1797 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID405825	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 694 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID520894	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID495642	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola expressing blaLUT-2 to blaLUT-6 by Etest method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID530820	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID372620	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID520880	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans TB1 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID530601	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pAM carrying beta-lactamase PER-1 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID535711	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method in presence of 2 mg/liter clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID558333	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P790 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID541007	Antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia 09-54 expressing beta-lactamase PenB2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID340729	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID554390	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 615S obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID587730	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-18 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID374365	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing pIP19 containing Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase blaIMP-19 gene by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID520974	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC2303 expressing blaKPC gene plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID372604	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing TEM-158 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495839	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID524247	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA4590 expressing SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID585212	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-13 K104, N170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID558327	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P285 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID1209730	Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake over 20 mins	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID324361	Activity of Acinetobacter johnsonii SCO1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID372614	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495908	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli TOP10 harbouring recombinant plasmid VIM-1-N215K by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID585213	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID555556	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 22843 expressing VIM-2 beta lactamase gene by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID554392	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 3020S obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID554385	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutGR1 overexpressing mexXY mutant by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID587732	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID522014	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBEL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID531603	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID528604	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID428286	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4652 expressing adeIJK genes with pAT807 isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID542586	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter radioresistens 251-39C expressing beta-lactamase OXA-133 by CLSI method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Codetection of blaOXA-23-like gene (blaOXA-133) and blaOXA-58 in Acinetobacter radioresistens: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.
AID424320	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID519734	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha with deltaampC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID520891	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans DUC in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID583653	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Emergence of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Australia.
AID424329	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID531681	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii Ab290 containing plasmid harboring OXA-58-3 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID540946	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pB-c31 plasmid expressing cephalosporinase CMY-31 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID373055	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID324360	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter johnsonii 7037 expressing SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID521484	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC633 plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID522043	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID373210	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID533761	Antibacterial activity against OXA-28 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P174 exhibiting PFGE E pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID540944	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformant harboring pA172 plasmid expressing cephalosporinase CMY-31 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID554396	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2721 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID285443	Ratio of kcat to Km of Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 Beta-lactamase GIL1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B relative to benzyl-penicillin	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID522059	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID560133	Ratio of Kcat to Km for recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID285266	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM151	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID340730	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase TEM-ES by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID405823	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 9043 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID531618	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1MD plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID531607	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID567304	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2202 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID564542	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID325445	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli C921-61 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID584847	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID560493	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid ACYC184 by microdilution method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID563520	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY215 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID340726	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID394687	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC, MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID534393	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 by microdilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID555681	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID495842	Hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase VIM-2 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID531683	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 15151T by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID394692	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC, MexAB-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID495909	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli J53 transconjugate with Escherichia coli DIH-1 expressing natural plasmid containing beta-lactamase VIM-19	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID520972	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC633 plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID495796	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest in presence of 4 ug/ml of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID520882	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID285261	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-36 and IRT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID534379	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii KHM243 clinical isolate by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID564549	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue deletion at 215 position and R210P substitution by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522045	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522040	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p6A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID585402	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium meningosepticum NCTC 10585 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID422883	Antimicrobial activity against 8 ug/ml colistin-subcultured Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex isolated from diabetic patient with calcaneal osteomyelitis and bacteremia by broth microdilution assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Development of colistin-dependent Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex.
AID522001	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p5A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID529579	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Legionella gormanii ATCC 33297T beta-Lactamase FEZ-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID325446	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID424327	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID495907	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli TOP10 strain harbouring recombinant plasmid VIM-1 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID424862	Antimicrobial activity against carbapenem-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate assessed as resistant isolates	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spanish hospitals.
AID535063	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU ATCC 17903 harboring pOXA-58-6 plasmid by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID428284	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4454 isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522061	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter freundii isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522030	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pA-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID530817	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID322324	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5924 isolates expressing CTX-M-32 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID555687	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID567315	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2206 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID520877	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans MER by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID554400	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2933 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID495518	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BM4676 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID372603	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID560125	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG3 gene by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID285263	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha TC1295 isolate expressing TEM-1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID565211	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate T-1504 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID530823	Antibacterial activity against human urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae UCL-1 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID521996	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p3A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535704	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID524244	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID428289	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii BM4651 expressing deltaadeIJK genes isolated from patient with urinary tract infection by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID564534	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid carrying entire blaAmpC gene with alanine residue deletion at 215 position and R210P substitution by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID394686	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID531602	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1MD plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID495806	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia stuartii 6858 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID522016	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID422496	Activity of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1 assessed as initial rate of hydrolysis by spectrophotometer	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID279184	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID522028	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID424321	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID558534	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1699 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID567305	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2203 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID529463	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate 21 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1 and Oxa-9 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID560489	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-2 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy2 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID530603	Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp. isolate A72 by Etest in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID585198	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID495654	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 531 expressing beta-lactamase BEL-2 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520978	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pCOL plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID585401	Activity at Chryseobacterium meningosepticum NCTC 10585 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID520892	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans TB1 in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID530822	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID529469	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID326267	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha carrying pSCO1 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID535064	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU ATCC 17903 harboring pOXA-58-7 plasmid by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID522022	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID598252	Inhibition of human ABCB1-mediated rhodamine 123 efflux in mouse L5178 cells expressing human MDR1 at 0.1 mM after 20 mins by FACS analysis relative to 5 mM sodium orthovanadate	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	A novel approach for predicting P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) inhibition using molecular interaction fields.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID522046	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID541013	Antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia 5007902 expressing beta-lactamase PenB4	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID521999	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp6A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522031	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpB expressing OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520721	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring pOXA-97	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID394685	Antibacterial activity against wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID584848	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER2	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID524246	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID520709	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii MAD by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID520893	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant p6S3 expressing beta lactamase OXA-114a in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID529468	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase TEM-1, SHV-12 and Oxa-9 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID495643	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B transfected with pBK-L3 expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID533757	Antibacterial activity against SHV-2a producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P60 exhibiting PFGE H pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID585194	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-7 K104, G170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID522026	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEcA containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID322319	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha isolates by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID372606	Antibacterial activity against rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli C600 transconjugant producing beta-lactamase of pI 5.2 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID563521	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY217 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID584846	Activity at Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID519981	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID372609	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-35 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID285262	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-1 and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID518724	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase DIM-1 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID324362	Ratio of kcat to Km for Acinetobacter johnsonii SCO1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID529577	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas maltophilia ULA-511 beta-Lactamase L-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID522063	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID585208	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-7 K104, G170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID567310	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2201 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID521993	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpB expressing OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520883	Activity of Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 beta-lactamase OXA-114a expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 assessed as compound hydrolysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID518521	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena CRBIP 17.39 after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID564537	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii KI by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522012	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pE containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID322325	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5924 isolates expressing CTX-M-32 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID518520	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10(pNOR-1) expressing CSP-1 gene after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID522385	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas enteropelogenes M1 hyperproducing beta-lactamase AmpC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID511295	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha pB-ges-13 plasmid in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555671	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring recombinant plasmid carrying CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID374367	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii AC-54/97 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-2 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID535702	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID533765	Antibacterial activity against OXA-19 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P9 exhibiting PFGE A pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID369643	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter haemolyticus expressing carbapenemase-encoding blaOXA-40 gene by Etest method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Molecular epidemiology of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying plasmid-mediated OXA-40 from a Portuguese hospital.
AID533756	Antibacterial activity against SHV-2a producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P102 exhibiting PFGE H pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID565209	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate T-1780 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID530602	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID585211	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-6 K104, S170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID518723	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate expressing beta-lactamase DIM-1 by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactam inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID564538	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 by Etest method in presence of clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558329	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P305 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID405818	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter sp. 5248 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID558537	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter coli isolate P321 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID560491	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-30 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy30 by microdilution method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID530813	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID495805	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 6828 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID528608	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli 2138 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID495517	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BM4675 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID340731	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-ES by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID529471	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate 21 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1 and Oxa-9 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID374366	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID521997	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp4A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID584838	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER2 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID324310	Antimicrobial activity against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Effects of carbapenem exposure on the risk for digestive tract carriage of intensive care unit-endemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in critically ill patients.
AID540945	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformant harboring pH205 plasmid expressing cephalosporinase CMY-36 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID374362	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-19 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by computerized microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID374361	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing pJDB2 containing Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase gene by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID519748	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID520979	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID530347	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M carrying blaCTX-M-15 and pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID522066	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535705	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method in presence of 2 mg/liter clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID518730	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate expressing beta-lactamase DIM-1 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID530345	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BicA expressing blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 and qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID584836	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID522005	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID564526	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii AYE expressing VEB-1 gene by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558533	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-negative beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P1698 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID1209736	Inhibition of human OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID560488	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-30 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy30 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID533760	Antibacterial activity against OXA-30, PSE-1, VIM-2 and PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P19 exhibiting PFGE F pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID528599	Antimicrobial activity against blaKPC-2 and blaTEM-1 producing Escherichia coli 2138 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID565200	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate A-1760 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID521992	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pA-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID495911	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli J53 strain	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID405817	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas putida 12346 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID495843	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase VIM-2 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID422497	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID522057	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522038	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p4A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID521998	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp5A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535060	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU ATCC 17903 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID340728	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-9 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID529576	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-Lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID529161	FIC index, ratio of MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100609 in presence of 250 ug/ml polyethylenimine to MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100609	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Synergy between polyethylenimine and different families of antibiotics against a resistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID495810	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli harbouring plasmid BK-CMV expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID322313	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID560126	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG3 gene by disk diffusion method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID535691	Antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase CTX-M-15-producing fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli FMV5825 expressing qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr and harboring gyrA Ser83Ile and Asp87Asn mutant gene and ParC Ser80Ile and Glu84Val mutant gene obtained	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Detection of the pandemic O25-ST131 human virulent Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-producing clone harboring the qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in a dog.
AID495840	Hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamase VIM-1 in Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing pBCLL/39H by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID285258	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CL1179 isolate expressing pBK-TEM-152 and CMT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID324358	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID521994	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBb containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID429062	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis JIE273 expressing 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	RmtC 16S rRNA methyltransferase in Australia.
AID495792	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harbouring recombinant plasmid pSau1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 from Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID564536	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pTOPO plasmid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID530815	Antibacterial activity against human urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae UCL-1 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID534381	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii KHM243 clinical isolate by microdilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID529462	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate 11 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1 and Oxa-1 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID373211	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) relative to benzyl-penicillin	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID511296	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha pB-ges-1in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID495641	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola LAM expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID521995	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp3A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535061	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU ATCC 17903 harboring pYMAb3 plasmid by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.
AID560134	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 assessed as Ratio of Kcat to Km by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay relative to benzylpenicillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID422494	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID495634	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID520713	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pOXA-97	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID554384	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by twofold macrodilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID555682	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID565208	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate A-1797 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID522033	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp3A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID555555	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 26285 expressing IMP-13 beta lactamase gene by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID520879	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans DUC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID394689	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing PSE-1, MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID533762	Antibacterial activity against OXA-2 and OXA-19 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P66 exhibiting PFGE C pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID520888	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 in presence of 4 ug/ml clavulanic acid by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID325447	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus N315 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID429078	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae Greece blaKPC-2 gene by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID372611	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID522009	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBIC expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID372626	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12 to Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID558535	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-negative and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P843 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID560129	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 by disk diffusion method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID285440	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing GIL1 after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID522024	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pCF containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID560490	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid ACYC184 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID285257	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CL1295 isolate expressing pBK-TEM-151 and CMT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID495632	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola expressing blaLUT-2 to blaLUT-6 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID564530	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-33 plasmid with entire blaAmpC gene by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID585197	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-13 K104, N170 mutant by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID522019	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID424328	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID522000	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p4A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID374364	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas caviae A324R expressing metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-19 by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID409956	Inhibition of mouse brain MAOB	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21	Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID554394	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2715 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID424330	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID522042	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p7A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID530814	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 11978 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID1245573	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa TCC 27853 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 23, Issue:19	Deprotometalation-iodolysis and computed CH acidity of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles. Application to the synthesis of resveratrol analogues.
AID564219	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522056	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pPR containing beta-lactamase and TEM-101 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID560114	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-S69-V49 by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID565201	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate T-1504 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID520984	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNGR plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID558538	Antibacterial activity against bla-positive and beta-lactamase-weakly positive Campylobacter coli isolate P1627 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID522007	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522053	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID518523	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID522052	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBEL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520711	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pOXA-58	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID531682	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii Ab290 containing plasmid harboring OXA-58-4 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID425867	Antimicrobial activity against Carnobacterium divergens BM4490 expressing beta-lactamase CAD1 at 0.5 McFarland inoculum size by E-test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID585400	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Fluoribacter gormanii 1K07 metallo-beta-lactamase FEZ-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID528602	Antimicrobial activity against blaKPC-2, blaKLUC-2 and blaTEM-1 producing Enterobacter cloacae 7506 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID522008	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID531684	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 15151T containing plasmid harboring OXA-58-3 by broth dilution test	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558330	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P316 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID495655	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 51170 expressing beta-lactamase BEL-1 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522051	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBEL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID529464	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae containing PFGE clone A expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1, SHV-12 and Oxa-9 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID558328	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P286 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID584837	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER1 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID585395	Activity at Bradyrhizobium japonicum metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID556341	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton beta-lactamase CTX-M-53	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID519737	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase SHV-1 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID540949	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pBCSK plasmid by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID495803	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 2603 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID564225	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID555667	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring natural plasmid pWES-1 carrying CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID279186	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate beta lactamase LAP1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID554401	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2998 obtained from cystic fibrosis patient by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Efflux unbalance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
AID530350	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID520719	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID522029	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp11978 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48, SHV-2a and TEM-1 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID405819	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter sp. 5227 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID360149	Inhibition of mouse Oat6-mediated [3H]ES uptake in Xenopus oocytes after 1 hr	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33	Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members.
AID495906	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli TOP10 hourbouring recombinant plasmid VIM-4 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID522027	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID529578	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium meningosepticum beta-Lactamase GOB-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID529465	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae containing PFGE clone B expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-48, TEM-1, CTX-M-15 and Oxa-1 by Etest in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Spread of OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Istanbul, Turkey.
AID529160	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100609 after 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay in presence of 250 ug/ml polyethylenimine	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Synergy between polyethylenimine and different families of antibiotics against a resistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID534390	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring recombinant pKHM-1 by microdilution method in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID520885	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 beta-lactamase OXA-114a expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID565199	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate T-1780 expressing VIM-1 and KPC-2 genes by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases.
AID535694	Antimicrobial activity against Azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 transconjugant harboring Escherichia coli DH5alpha-5825 qnrB2 gene by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Detection of the pandemic O25-ST131 human virulent Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-producing clone harboring the qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in a dog.
AID522054	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522048	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pBIC containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID530819	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID541023	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Burkholderia cenocepacia 07-34 beta-lactamase PenB1 expressed in Escherichia coli Top10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID521486	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC2303 expressing blaKPC gene plasmid by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID521489	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID519740	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase SHV-72 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID495511	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BM4665 by antimicrobial susceptibility assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray.
AID340725	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-1 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID533763	Antibacterial activity against OXA-19 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P122 exhibiting PFGE A pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID405824	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 696 isolate harboring bla IMP-1 carrying integron In86 containing aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-3	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.
AID541016	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase PenB1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID555563	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 26285 expressing IMP-13 beta lactamase gene by Etest in presence of clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID495658	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID560123	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG4 gene by disk diffusion method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID495657	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing recombinant beta-lactamase BEL-1 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID533001	Antibacterial activity against VIM-2 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P67 exhibiting PFGE J pattern by 2-fold agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France.
AID555672	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring recombinant plasmid carrying CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID520981	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID495807	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli C600 2878 transconjugate expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID555662	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton isolate 04CEB8273SAL expressing CTX-M-53 gene by disk diffusion method in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID562334	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid pBC-SK after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID429079	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae Greece producing KPC-2 beta-lactamase by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID563519	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY214 by broth dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531757	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1956 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID530604	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pAM carrying beta-lactamase PER-1 by Etest in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID522002	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p6A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID558331	Antibacterial activity against bla gene-positive and nitrocefin reaction-positive beta-lactamase harboring Campylobacter jejuni isolate P338 by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID567306	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2204 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID560492	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-2 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy2 by microdilution method in presence of 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID584835	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 expressing beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID584839	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID564524	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii KI by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID519980	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-55	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID530600	Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp. isolate A72 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID1209731	Drug uptake by mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells at 100 uM after 25 mins by HPLC/UV detection method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID531750	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa FK06 harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID285259	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-29 and ESBL by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID1209735	Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID531745	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID560116	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG3 gene by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID534388	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring recombinant pKHM-1 by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate.
AID531748	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa EryR harboring pNF225 carrying nfxB by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID522058	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID394691	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing PSE-1 by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID495910	Antimicrobial activity in Escherichia coli TOP10 strain	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	VIM-19, a metallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID560132	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay relative to benzylpenicillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID567314	Antimicrobial activity against SHV-12 ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 2205 isolated from burn patient by broth microdilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Acquisition of a transposon encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during the clinical course of a burn patient.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID564528	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-50 plasmid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID530346	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-15 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID535703	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A by agar dilution method in presence of 2 mg/liter clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID374368	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Acinetobacter baumannii AC-54/97 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-2 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID394697	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing AmpC, MexAB-OprM pump, MexXY-OprM pump by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID585399	Activity at Fluoribacter gormanii 1K07 metallo-beta-lactamase FEZ-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID322321	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5776 isolates expressing CTX-M-14 enzyme by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID424859	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by E-test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spanish hospitals.
AID285439	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID424322	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID531749	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa FK06 by twofold serial dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains overproducing the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump.
AID530821	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 11978 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID555564	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate 22843 expressing VIM-2 beta lactamase gene by Etest in presence of clavulanate	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID495804	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 2878 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID530605	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest in presence of clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID521490	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pCOL plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID564529	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pADC-11 plasmid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID522020	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID424857	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring pV2GY3 with blaVIM-2 and aac(6)'-32 by E-test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Spanish hospitals.
AID373054	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) carrying pET9a expressing Bacillus clausii beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID541010	Antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia 212 expressing beta-lactamase PenB3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID555554	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate M136074 expressing IMP-22 beta lactamase gene by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria.
AID585207	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] transformed with pAC-ges1 plasmid encoding Beta-lactamase GES-1 E104, G170 mutant in presence of at 2 ug/ml clavulanic acid by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID394696	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactams resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate expressing OXA2 by macrodilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Pseudomonas aeruginosa may accumulate drug resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to cause bloodstream infections.
AID559923	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-V49 by Etest method in presence of 4 ug/ml beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID560128	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii CIP70.10 by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID498872	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii B9 containing carbapenemase blaOXA-23 gene assessed as growth inhibition by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	First isolation of the blaOXA-23 carbapenemase gene from an environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolate.
AID285256	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CF1295 isolate expressing CMT and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID522037	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp6A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522003	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp7A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	620 (60.67)	18.7374
1990's	189 (18.49)	18.2507
2000's	125 (12.23)	29.6817
2010's	77 (7.53)	24.3611
2020's	11 (1.08)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	189 (17.21%)	5.53%
Reviews	41 (3.73%)	6.00%
Case Studies	84 (7.65%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	784 (71.40%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ticarcillin-clavulanate in Infants [NCT01229046]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No enrollment occured. Subjects will be enrolled under a new protocol.)
The Comparison of Outcomes of Antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) Trial [NCT02800785]		1,552 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteomyelitis Treated With Intravenous Antibiotics Versus Intravenous Antibiotics With an Early Switch to Oral Antibiotics [NCT02099240]	Early Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-06	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough patient enrollment and lack of staffing)
Is Combination Antibiotic Therapy Superior to Monotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [NCT04879030]	Phase 2/Phase 3	170 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Ertapenem Sodium ( MK0826) Versus Ticarcillin/Clavulanate in the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia, Complicated Intra-Abdomi [NCT00092170]	Phase 2	100 participants	Interventional	2002-03-31	Completed
Standard vs. Biofilm Susceptibility Testing in CF [NCT00153634]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Continuous-infusion Anti-pseudomonal β-lactams for the Treatment of Acute, Infective Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis [NCT01667094]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Active, not recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics in Infants [NCT01728363]	Phase 1	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Randomized Study Comparing Clinical and Microbiological Efficacy of Timentin Delivered Via Percutaneous Isolated Limb Perfusion (PILP) or Intravenous Infusion in Diabetic Subjects With Moderate to Severe Lower Limb Infection [NCT02158442]	Phase 2	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT02158442 (1) [back to overview]	Efficacy of Timentin Delivered by PILP Procedure (Treatment Group) Versus Intravenous Delivery (Control Group) at Reducing Microbiological Load in Subjects With Diabetes, and Significant Wound Infection of the Lower Limb.
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Days in Hospital After Index Treatment Within 90 Days
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Eventual Appendectomy Incidence Proportion
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Clinic Visits or Emergency Room Visits
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With at Least One Complications From Treatment
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Patient-reported Quality of Life as Measured by EuroQol (EQ-5D)
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Rate of Participants With Perforated Appendicitis
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Rates of Participants With Appendiceal Cancer
NCT02800785 (8) [back to overview]	Total Number of Patients Who Had Resolution of Appendicitis Symptoms at 30 Days

Intervention	participants (Number)
Treatment Group	5
Control Group	3

Intervention	Days per participant (rate) (Mean)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	0.68
Appendectomy Arm	0.15

Intervention	incidence proportion (Number)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	0.29

Intervention	visits (Number)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	55
Appendectomy Arm	26

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	37
Appendectomy Arm	21

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	0.92
Appendectomy Arm	0.91

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	59
Appendectomy Arm	99

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	4
Appendectomy Arm	6

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Antibiotics Therapy Arm	462
Appendectomy Arm	466

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	2.03	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.44	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
chlordecone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.97	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.03	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	2.03	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.03	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
fosmidomycin fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.	2.06	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dimethylbenzimidazole	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.04	1	0	chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
histamine [no description available]	3.36	1	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.03	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; phenols	human metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	2.03	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.03	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.45	2	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.96	4	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.13	5	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.04	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	4.32	4	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.97	4	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	2.04	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.73	3	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ametantrone ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.04	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.03	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	9.32	4	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.45	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.73	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.94	4	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.06	1	0	indanes
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.27	6	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.96	4	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.04	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	7.38	20	2
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
betaxolol [no description available]	2.96	4	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.04	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.73	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.46	2	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.45	2	0	benzamides
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	2.73	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.73	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
busulfan [no description available]	2.73	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
carbazilquinone Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
carmofur [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.44	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.04	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	9.6	6	1	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
celiprolol Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.41	2	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.73	3	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.73	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	2.46	2	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.73	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.73	3	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cifenline [no description available]	2.45	2	0	diarylmethane
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.73	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	11.64	50	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.45	2	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.04	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.45	2	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.06	1	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.04	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
dapsone [no description available]	2.73	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.04	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.46	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.04	1	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.73	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.74	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.04	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.44	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.04	1	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dinitolmide Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.	2.04	1	0	dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.45	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.46	2	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dipyrone metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.	2.04	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; pyrazoles	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.73	3	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.73	3	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	2.04	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.45	2	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
ebastine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	7.39	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethinamate ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	sedative
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.04	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.45	2	0	phenols
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.73	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.74	3	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.45	2	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.45	2	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.74	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.73	3	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.44	2	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.73	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.74	3	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	3.11	5	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.45	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	13.28	109	28
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.04	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.73	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
granisetron [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.04	1	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.45	2	0	acetamides
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.04	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.73	3	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.46	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.73	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.01	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.14	5	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.04	1	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.73	3	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.73	3	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.04	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.46	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
iotroxic acid iotroxic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
iproniazid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	2.06	1	0	benzenes
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.44	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.44	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.45	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.04	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.74	3	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.96	4	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.45	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomustine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.45	2	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.45	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.04	1	0	anthracenes
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.44	2	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.06	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.74	3	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.04	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.04	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.73	3	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.73	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.74	3	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	9.4	29	5	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.06	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.45	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
milrinone [no description available]	2.45	2	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.46	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.45	2	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.96	4	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.73	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	2.06	1	0	monoterpenoid
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.45	2	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.72	10	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.73	3	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.73	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.45	2	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.96	4	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.04	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.45	2	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.62	9	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.45	2	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	11.59	10	2	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.04	1	0	carbazoles
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	3.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
pamidronate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.45	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	oxopurine
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.73	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure	2.04	1	0	acetamides
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.44	2	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.04	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.73	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	2.04	1	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
phthalylsulfathiazole phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery.	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.45	2	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pipobroman Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.	2.04	1	0	N-acylpiperazine; organobromine compound; tertiary carboxamide	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure	2.06	1	0	pyridines
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
polythiazide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.44	2	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.44	2	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.93	13	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.04	1	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.73	3	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.45	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.74	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyridostigmine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
quetiapine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.45	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	aralkylamine
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.04	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	2.45	2	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.	2.04	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	2.73	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.74	3	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
imatinib [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.04	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	11.41	13	1	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.04	1	0	pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.04	1	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.45	2	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.73	3	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfoxone sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.46	2	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride [no description available]	2.06	1	0	salicylamides
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.45	2	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.45	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.96	4	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.45	2	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.96	4	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.04	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,2'-thiodiethanol 2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom	2.04	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; diol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; solvent
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.73	3	0	aziridines
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	9.85	4	2	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.04	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.96	4	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.04	1	0	amino acid
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	2.06	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.73	3	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.45	2	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine 2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	11.72	18	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	2.73	3	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
urapidil [no description available]	2.46	2	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.45	2	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.45	2	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.45	2	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.45	2	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.1	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	3.99	13	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.04	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.04	1	0	barbiturates
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	2.04	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.45	2	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.04	1	0	fluorinated steroid
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	7.34	54	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.05	1	0	guanidines
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	8.67	31	3	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.04	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.04	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.06	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dromostanolone dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.95	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	8.99	76	9	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	7.81	35	6	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.73	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.54	2	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	10.8	12	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	5.65	10	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazole
aniline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.44	2	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.	2.04	1	0	aminouracil; nitrogen mustard
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	4.1	15	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.06	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	10.84	97	4	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	2.46	2	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	2.04	1	0	organic sodium salt	dye
dalapon dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
methylpentynol methylpentynol: structure	2.04	1	0	ynone
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.95	4	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	3.27	6	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.44	2	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	11.52	49	4	penicillanic acids
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.04	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
fenoprop fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	phenoxy herbicide
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
dyrene dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine pesticide; secondary amino compound; triazines	antifungal agrochemical
acrolein [no description available]	2.04	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
heptanoic acid heptanoic acid : A C7, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes.	2.03	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
tetraethylenepentamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	polyazaalkane	copper chelator
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.44	2	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.04	1	0	bromide salt
2-methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.	2.03	1	0	methylbutyric acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.78	2	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.01	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
amiben Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid
2-ethylhexanoic acid 2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B	2.03	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid
monuron monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.	2.04	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.03	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	9.59	8	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	drug metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	1.99	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	6.96	1	0	1,2,4-triazole
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.45	2	0	nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
mechlorethamine n-oxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.44	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.04	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.45	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
cloflucarban cloflucarban: structure. halocarban : A phenylurea that is urea substituted by 4-chlorophenyl and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is often used in deodarants and soaps on account of its anbacterial properties.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antibacterial agent
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.95	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.04	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.04	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.03	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
suberic acid suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane.	2.03	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.04	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.06	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.04	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	4.32	2	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
apronalide apronalide: structure	2.04	1	0	N-acylurea
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.45	2	0	thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	1.99	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	2.08	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.39	2	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
metahexamide metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
lactulose [no description available]	2.06	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.38	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	6.27	11	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	2.04	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
carbophenothion carbophenothion: structure	2.04	1	0	organic sulfide
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.	2.04	1	0
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.73	3	0
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.96	4	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.	2.04	1	0	methylpyridines
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	9.22	24	7	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346 sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	protein kinase inhibitor
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	1.99	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
guanazole Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
meturedepa meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
ioxynil ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.04	1	0	iodophenol; nitrile	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.99	4	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	herbicide; synthetic auxin
ethoglucid Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.	2.04	1	0	epoxide
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
guanoxan guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage	2.06	1	0	benzodioxine
azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antipsoriatic; prodrug
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	1.99	1	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione [no description available]	2.04	1	0
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.45	2	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.73	3	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	3.11	5	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
improsan improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	organosulfonic ester
cyclacillin Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.	1.95	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug
streptomycin [no description available]	3.26	6	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
piperacetazine piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines
cladribine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	13.02	135	8	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt
vantocil polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	5.89	7	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
pentaquine pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.46	2	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
terodiline [no description available]	2.45	2	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.96	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	2.04	1	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.06	1	0	calcium phosphate
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.04	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
phenacid phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
reproterol reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0	oxopurine
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.04	1	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.73	3	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	3.43	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	3.37	1	1	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.73	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
calusterone calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
etoprine etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP	2.04	1	0
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.38	2	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.69	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.46	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
azetepa [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	9.38	26	5	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
ripazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzenes
pivampicillin Pivampicillin: Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN.. pivampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.	2.35	2	0	penicillanic acid ester; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	prodrug
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.17	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	11.2	112	5	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.96	4	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
carfecillin Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.	6.96	1	0	penicillin
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	2.06	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
prednimustine Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyanogenic glycoside; disaccharide derivative; gentiobioside	plant metabolite
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.73	3	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	6.24	11	1	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	8.37	7	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	12.96	143	30	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.73	3	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.04	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide	local anaesthetic
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.45	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.45	2	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	12.8	96	20	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.94	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.96	4	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	8.08	5	0	penicillin
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.96	4	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
thidiazuron [no description available]	2.01	1	0	ureas
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	3.35	1	1
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	azepanes
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.45	2	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.45	2	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.45	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	4.32	4	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorcainide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.73	3	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	14.31	195	23	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.96	4	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	9.27	30	6	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	8.63	38	13	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	benzamides
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	2.04	1	0
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.75	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.45	2	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.97	4	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	3.27	6	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	3.13	5	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.74	3	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.45	2	0	aminopyridine
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.45	2	0	dimethoxybenzene
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.74	3	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
caracemide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.44	2	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.45	2	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.45	2	0	quinolines
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	2.06	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.74	3	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.74	3	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.45	2	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
marbofloxacin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	quinolines
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.46	2	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.45	2	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
tenidap tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer	2.06	1	0
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.45	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	2.45	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
lamivudine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.74	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.04	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.97	4	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.45	2	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	2.45	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones
morzid morzid: structure	2.04	1	0	morpholines
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	7.71	3	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
febrifugine febrifugine: antimalarials; structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
sulfametrole N1-(4-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)sulfanilamide: structure in first source. sulfametrole : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with the amino group of 4-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-amine.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; thiadiazoles
thymine arabinoside thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.03	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
psicofuranine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	psicose derivative; purine nucleoside
hexamidine hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
triciribine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	11.24	73	7	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
bendamustine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure	2.04	1	0	ifosfamides
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside 4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.04	1	0
fotrin fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure	2.04	1	0
sufosfamide sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure	2.04	1	0
flomoxef flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.	2.04	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
fropenem [no description available]	2.48	2	0	faropenem
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.45	2	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
propatyl nitrate propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.44	2	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
estradiol 3,17-disulfate estradiol 3,17-disulfate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer	2.03	1	0	steroid sulfate
sulfamidochrysoidine sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.	2.04	1	0
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.4	2	0	1,2,3-triazole
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
pumitepa pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.04	1	0
arbekacin arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.	7.41	2	0	aminoglycoside; kanamycins	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.45	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ureas
elmustine elmustine: structure	2.04	1	0
forphenicinol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.04	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
cefminox cefminox : A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and 2-{[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}acetamido side-groups located respectively at positions 3 and 7beta of the cephem nucleus. A broad-spectrum bactericide, it is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.	2.04	1	0	cephamycin; tetrazoles
pafenolol pafenolol: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.45	2	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.45	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
inproquone inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)	2.04	1	0
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.45	2	0	benzofurans
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.45	2	0
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
neplanocin a neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	2.04	1	0
eperezolid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	2.15	1	0	carbapenems
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.45	2	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
1-ethoxysilatrane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.04	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	7.41	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	2.04	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.45	2	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.04	1	0
moexipril [no description available]	2.06	1	0	peptide
streptovitacin a streptovitacin A: structure	2.04	1	0
cephacetrile Cephacetrile: A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.	1.96	1	0	cephalosporin
3-hydroxybutyric acid (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The R-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, it can be used as an energy source by the brain during hypoglycaemia, and for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. It is a sex pheremone in the European spider Linyphia triangularis.	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxybutyric acid; ketone body	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; pheromone
cb 10375 trimelamol: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
carbenicillin indanyl carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)	2.04	1	0	penicillin
(S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The S-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid; a normal human metabolite, that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression.	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxybutyric acid
cb 1837 CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
hexaphosphamide hexaphosphamide: structure	2.04	1	0
dipin dipin: structure	2.04	1	0
phosphazine phosphazine: structure	2.04	1	0
N-Acetyl-DL-aspartic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aspartic acid derivative
diiodobenzotepa diiodobenzotepa: structure	2.04	1	0
2-hydroxyisovaleric acid 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid : A valine derivative that is valine in which the amino group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
icig 1163 ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
bimolane bimolane: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
thiodipin thiodipin: structure	2.04	1	0
fluoxydine fluoxydine: structure	2.04	1	0
imiphos imiphos: structure	2.04	1	0
4-nitrophenylglycerol 4-nitrophenylglycerol: antiswarming agent for bacterial cultures	1.98	1	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	1.98	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	8.35	112	3	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.04	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
aldophosphamide aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.04	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione 3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide
1,1,2-trichloroethanol 1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene	2.04	1	0
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	2.74	3	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	9.74	49	4	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
lipid x lipid X: monosaccharide precursor of E coli lipid A; structure given in first source; see also lipid A precursors, Salmonella. lipid X : An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate where the N-acyl group is (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl and carrying an additional (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl group at the 3-position.	3.47	2	0	N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
iremycin iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer	2.04	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.96	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
cefbuperazone cefbuperazone: RN given refers to parent cpd(6R-(6alpha,7alpha,7(2R,3S)))-isomer; structure. cefbuperazone : A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and {N-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-D-threonyl}amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7beta respectively.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; peptide
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
hainanensine hainanensine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
sulbactam [no description available]	9.38	41	2	penicillanic acids
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems [no description available]	4.91	6	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	6.17	12	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
ritrosulfan ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R,S)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
docetaxel [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	11.38	14	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	11.7	20	1	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cilomilast [no description available]	2.45	2	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	2.04	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
damvar damvar: structure	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	3.3	6	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	dihydropyridine
solifenacin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	isoquinolines
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.45	2	0	morpholines
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.06	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
benzo-tepa benzo-tepa: structure	2.04	1	0
tevenel tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
tac 278 TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.04	1	0
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	3.36	1	1
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	3.94	13	0	penicillin
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.96	4	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
melagatran [no description available]	2.45	2	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
blp 1654 BLP 1654: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*))-isomer; structure	7.87	4	0
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.44	2	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.44	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
indicine-n-oxide indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R,3S),7abeta))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
hafnia Hafnia: A genus of straight, gram-negative bacterial rods which are facultatively anaerobic and motile by peritrichous flagella. This genus is found in human and animal feces, soil, water, and dairy products. It is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)	7.02	1	0
acivicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	6.79	19	1
bortezomib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
rimiterol rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol	2.06	1	0	catechols
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	1.98	1	0	peptide
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.06	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.04	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.06	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	2.04	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.45	2	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
thienamycin thienamycin: beta-lactam antibiotic; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	7.36	2	0	carbapenems
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	10.28	50	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	10.05	82	8	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.44	2	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.04	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	7.91	29	8
miglitol [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperidines
bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.	2.04	1	0	penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
linezolid [no description available]	2.71	3	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
angustibalin angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.03	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
tolterodine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	2.04	1	0	amino sugar
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	6.59	9	1	penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
acarbose [no description available]	2.46	2	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.99	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.03	1	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.11	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.04	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.45	2	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.45	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.04	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	10.53	39	12
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	2.06	1	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	6.09	9	1	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.43	7	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
formycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
eptifibatide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.36	2	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.04	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	7.99	20	4	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.44	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.73	3	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.9	4	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.04	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
aceglatone aceglatone: structure in Merck	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.04	1	0
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	8.71	45	12	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.46	2	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
cefsulodin Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.	5.84	23	1	cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
mitobronitol Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.	2.04	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	1.99	1	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.04	1	0
fludarabine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.96	4	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
methylatropine nitrate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.04	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.73	3	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.04	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.44	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.45	2	0	isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.04	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	9.32	4	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
streptozocin [no description available]	2.46	2	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.04	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
cancidas [no description available]	2.04	1	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.03	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	4.19	5	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thiocarlide thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent	2.04	1	0	thioureas
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.73	3	0
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	6.96	1	0	alkali metal atom
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	3.36	1	1	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
dolasetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mannomustine Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.44	2	0	steroid	estrogen
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure	2.04	1	0
quinine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea 1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
isepamicin [no description available]	2.44	2	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.45	2	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.45	2	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	6.96	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.03	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	4.31	2	2
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.04	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	1.99	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	5.18	6	2	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	14.64	224	37	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.45	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.45	2	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.04	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
indocyanine green [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
codeine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.96	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.73	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.74	3	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.93	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	2.04	1	0
anthramycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.04	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lacidipine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.04	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.45	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.74	3	0	phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.73	3	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irisquinone irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.04	1	0
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	2.04	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.46	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	2.73	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.74	3	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.06	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.46	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.	2.06	1	0	maleate salt	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.04	1	0
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	5.16	44	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	4.39	20	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	8.69	72	2	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.99	13	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime [no description available]	5.69	76	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin
oxyfedrine Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene
famotidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	8.84	97	6	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	5.63	71	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ceftiofur [no description available]	2.46	2	0
cefpodoxime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.74	3	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	5.9	9	3	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	3.3	6	0
furazlocillin furazlocillin: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*(E))))-isomer; structure	2.36	2	0
brl 28500 ticarcillin-clavulanic acid: combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid; used against gram-negative rods	16.53	216	50
sibiromycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; hemiaminal; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	8.61	54	9	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
cefpodoxime proxetil cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.	2.06	1	0	carboxylic acid; carboxylic ester; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; prodrug
ceftizoxime [no description available]	2.73	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.44	2	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
apalcillin [no description available]	8.21	6	0	1,5-naphthyridine derivative; penicillin
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.73	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.04	1	0
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	2.04	1	0
fumagillin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	2.04	1	0	macrolide lactam
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
thioacetazone Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.	2.04	1	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
cefozopran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; imidazopyridazine; thiadiazoles
desacetylcefotaxime desacetylcefotaxime: RN given refers to parent cpd (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(Z)))-isomer	1.96	1	0
ceftazidime monobactam ceftazidime monobactam: ceftazidime monobactam analog; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	9.81	24	5
tomopenem [no description available]	2.45	2	0
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	1.98	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
pirbenicillin pirbenicillin: RN given refers to (2S-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta))-isomer; structure	1.95	1	0
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	3.07	1	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.04	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	4.39	20	0
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
nkp 608 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ganu GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure	2.04	1	0
metamelfalan [no description available]	2.04	1	0
vindesine [no description available]	2.44	2	0
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.	2.04	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	2.01	1	0
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ro 6-4563 glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.45	2	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	4.33	2	2
flucloronide flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.06	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.44	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	6.49	13	4
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.	5.52	12	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
hainanolide hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis	2.04	1	0
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	1.99	1	0	organic anion
gliocladic acid gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
midrin Midrin: combination drug for migraine relief containing acetaminophen, isometheptine mucate & dichloralphenazone	1.99	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	3.47	2	0
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.	2.04	1	0	cleistanthins; xylose derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	7.67	3	0
nimorazole [no description available]	2.04	1	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	3.36	1	1
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.04	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.96	4	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.9	12	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.44	2	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.96	4	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	3.75	10	0
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide
bactobolin bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.73	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.45	2	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.44	2	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.04	1	0
tigecycline [no description available]	3.55	8	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	7.38	2	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.02	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.36	1	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.73	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.02	14	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.45	2	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.44	2	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.45	2	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.96	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.45	2	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	2.45	2	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.73	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.45	2	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
alanosine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	2.06	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
7-deazaguanosine 7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.	2.04	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; pyrazoles	antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin [no description available]	2.45	2	0
n(10)-methylfolate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	folic acids
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
ninopterin ninopterin: structure	2.04	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.03	1	0

ticarcillin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (56)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (17)

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Molecular Functions (1)

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (807)

Research

Studies (1,022)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 55.78

Study Types

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy of Timentin Delivered by PILP Procedure (Treatment Group) Versus Intravenous Delivery (Control Group) at Reducing Microbiological Load in Subjects With Diabetes, and Significant Wound Infection of the Lower Limb.

Days in Hospital After Index Treatment Within 90 Days

Eventual Appendectomy Incidence Proportion

Number of Clinic Visits or Emergency Room Visits

Number of Participants With at Least One Complications From Treatment

Patient-reported Quality of Life as Measured by EuroQol (EQ-5D)

Rate of Participants With Perforated Appendicitis

Rates of Participants With Appendiceal Cancer

Total Number of Patients Who Had Resolution of Appendicitis Symptoms at 30 Days

ticarcillin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (56)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (17)

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Molecular Functions (1)

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (807)

Research

Studies (1,022)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 55.78

Study Types

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy of Timentin Delivered by PILP Procedure (Treatment Group) Versus Intravenous Delivery (Control Group) at Reducing Microbiological Load in Subjects With Diabetes, and Significant Wound Infection of the Lower Limb.

Days in Hospital After Index Treatment Within 90 Days

Eventual Appendectomy Incidence Proportion

Number of Clinic Visits or Emergency Room Visits

Number of Participants With at Least One Complications From Treatment

Patient-reported Quality of Life as Measured by EuroQol (EQ-5D)

Rate of Participants With Perforated Appendicitis

Rates of Participants With Appendiceal Cancer

Total Number of Patients Who Had Resolution of Appendicitis Symptoms at 30 Days

Related Drugs (1,147)

Related Conditions (424)