sesamol profile

Sesamol is a natural phenolic compound found in sesame seeds. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is known to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are implicated in various diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Sesamol has also been shown to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi. It is studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various fields, including medicine, food science, and cosmetics. The compound is synthesized from sesamin, another component found in sesame seeds, through a process involving hydrolysis and oxidation. '

sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	68289
CHEMBL ID	1517998
CHEBI ID	9126
SCHEMBL ID	20959
MeSH ID	M0085102

Synonym
phenol, 3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
SDCCGMLS-0066221.P001
brn 0127405
ai3-17298
3,4-methylenedioxyphenol
ccris 1386
nsc 59256
einecs 208-561-5
1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
5-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole
nsc-59256
methylene ether of oxyhydroquinone
phenol,4-(methylenedioxy)-
wln: t56 bo do chj gq
3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenol
nsc59256
inchi=1/c7h6o3/c8-5-1-2-6-7(3-5)10-4-9-6/h1-3,8h,4h
NCGC00091628-01
533-31-3
sesamol
sesamol, 98%
sesamol, ion (1+)
sesamol titanium (+4)
sesamol sodium
sesamol lithium
AC-11668
bzx ,
S0418
A25062
5-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole;5-benzodioxolol;3,4-methylendioxyphenol;3,4-methylenedioxyphenol;3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenol, sesamol;1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
AKOS005493905
NCGC00091628-02
2h-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
hsdb 8495
94iea0nv89 ,
unii-94iea0nv89
5-19-02-00532 (beilstein handbook reference)
CHEMBL1517998
chebi:9126 ,
dtxsid9021267 ,
NCGC00258763-01
cas-533-31-3
dtxcid101267
tox21_201211
STK568334
S3626
FT-0614403
benzodioxol-5-ol
3,4-methylenedioxyphenol [inci]
oristar mdp
4-hydroxy-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene
3,4-methylendioxyphenol
bdbm36291
BBL027539
SCHEMBL20959
3AO1
GF-0128
5-benzodioxolol
3,4-methylendioxy-phenol
5-hydroxy-benzo[1.3]dioxole
benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ol
5-hydroxylbenzo[1,3]dioxolane
4,5-methylenedioxyphenol
3,4-methylenedioxy phenol
3,4 methylenedioxy phenol
5-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxolane
benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ol
3,4-methylenedioxy-phenol
(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenol
5-hydroxybenzo[1,3]dioxole
mfcd00005827
SY015819
W-105747
AC-35089
HY-N1417
F0001-1376
sesamol, purum, >=98.0% (gc)
SR-01000944738-1
sr-01000944738
sesamol, analytical standard
sesamol, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 98%
1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol (sesamol)
1,2,4-benzenetriol methylene ether
3,4-(methylenedioxy)-phenol
5-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole
1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol, 9ci
1, 3-benzodioxol-5-ol
CS-0016841
Q418080
BCP14043
EN300-19382
1,3-dioxaindan-5-ol
CCG-266144
Z104473678

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sesamol is a sesame seed constituent with reported activity against many types of cancer. "	( Synchronizing Abd-Algaleel, SA; Abdel-Bar, HM; Hathout, RM; Kassem, DH; Metwally, AA, 2021)	2.06
"Sesamol is a lignan extracted from sesame oil and has been found to exert neuroprotective effects."	( Sesamol Attenuates Amyloid Peptide Accumulation and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice: The Mediating Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. Gao, JM; Li, L; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Mo, F; Xi, Y; Xie, T; Yuan, T, 2021)	2.79
"Sesamol is a phenolic antioxidant that can protect various organs from damage."	( Sesamol protects the function and structure of rat ovaries against side effects of cyclophosphamide by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Ardekanian, M; Ghanbari, A; Hayat, P; Talebi, A; Zarbakhsh, S, 2022)	2.89
"Sesamol is a compound reported to have anti-melanogenesis and anti-melanoma actions. "	( Development of Sesamol Carbamate-L-Phenylalanine Prodrug Targeting L-Type Amino Acid Transporter1 (LAT1) as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent against Melanoma. Bahrami, K; Järvinen, J; Rautio, J; Srisongkram, T; Timonen, J; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2022)	2.52
"Sesamol (SL), which is a natural phenolic compound, is known for its antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and wound-healing abilities."	( Design and fabrication of Sesamol-loaded transfersomal gel for wound healing: physicochemical characterization and Ahmad, M; Kushwaha, P; Umam, N, 2023)	1.93
"Sesamol is a phenolic lignan isolated from "	( Hypolipidemic and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Sesamol and Possible Mechanisms of Action: A Comprehensive Review. Abu-Yousef, IA; Eltayeb, AE; Majdalawieh, AF; Yousef, SM, 2023)	2.61
"Sesamol is a phenolic compound isolated from natural food sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) with various biological activities."	( Sesamol serves as a p53 stabilizer to relieve rheumatoid arthritis progression and inhibits the growth of synovial organoids. Chen, J; Gao, X; He, J; Lin, T; Lin, X; Lyu, S; Wang, Q; Wang, X, 2023)	3.07
"Sesamol is a widely used antioxidant for the food and pharmaceutical industries. "	( Identification of Novel Sesamol Dimers with Unusual Methylenedioxy Ring-Opening Skeleton and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities. Chee, CF; Hazli, UHAM; Kong, KW; Leong, CO; Lo, KM; Mai, CW; Murthy, S; Rahman, NA, 2019)	2.26
"Sesamol is a safe, non-toxic chemical that mediates anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation."	( An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review. Bosebabu, B; Chamallamudi, MR; Cheruku, SP; Kumar, N; Nampoothiri, M; Nandakumar, K; Parihar, VK; Shenoy, RR, 2020)	1.53
"Sesamol is a phenolic derivative. "	( Alkylated Sesamol Derivatives as Potent Antioxidants. B R Santos, C; C Palheta, I; K L Vale, J; M Campos, J; M Herculano, A; Neto, AMJC; P P Silva, O; R Ferreira, L; R H M Oliveira, K; S Borges, R, 2020)	2.4
"Sesamol is a potential molecule for development of radioprotector due to its strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties."	( Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice. Adhikari, JS; Chaudhury, NK; Choudhary, S; Kumar, A, 2018)	2.64
"Sesamol (SES) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models."	( The inhibition of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) abolishes the mitochondrial protection induced by sesamol in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Balbinotti Andrade, CM; Chenet, AL; Duarte, AR; Roberto de Oliveira, M; Souza de Almeida, FJ, 2018)	1.42
"Sesamol is a natural phenolic compound and a major lignan isolated from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) and sesame oil. "	( Sesamol, a major lignan in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum): Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action. Majdalawieh, AF; Mansour, ZR, 2019)	3.4
"Sesamol is a phenolic component of sesame seed oil, which has been established as an antioxidant and also possesses potential for hepatoprotection. "	( Hepatoprotective effects of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in carbon tetrachloride induced sub-chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Kakkar, V; Kaur, IP; Khullar, N; Singh, N, 2016)	2.17
"Sesamol is a potent inhibitor of cytokine production as well as an antioxidant."	( Neuroprotective potential of sesamol and its loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in ICV-STZ-induced cognitive deficits: behavioral and biochemical evidence. Chopra, K; Misra, S; Pal Kaur, I; Sachdeva, AK, 2015)	1.43
"Sesamol is a strong antioxidant phenolic compound found in sesame seed. "	( Sesamol Enhances Cell Growth and the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii. Chen, F; Jiang, Y; Liu, B; Liu, J; Ma, X; Sun, P, 2015)	3.3
"Sesamol is a lignan isolated from sesame seed oil. "	( Sesamol suppresses the inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK activation and upregulating AMP kinase signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Fang, LW; Huang, WC; Lai, XY; Li, ZY; Liou, CJ; Wu, XL, 2015)	3.3
"Sesamol is a natural phenolic compound extracted from "	( Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) as Vehicles for Topical Administration of Sesamol: In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Study and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Bonina, F; Crascì, L; Lauro, MR; Micicchè, L; Offerta, A; Panico, AM; Puglia, C; Puglisi, G, 2017)	2.13
"Sesamol is a phenolic lignan found in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) and sesame oil. "	( Sesamol induced apoptotic effect in lung adenocarcinoma cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Siriwarin, B; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2016)	3.32
"Sesamol lignan is a phenolic compound found in sesame seeds. "	( Sesamol induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in HCT116 human colon cancer cells via pro-oxidant effect. Barusrux, S; Khamphio, M; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2016)	3.32
"Sesamol is a potent phenolic antioxidant which possesses antimutagenic, antihepatotoxic and antiaging properties. "	( Potent antiplatelet activity of sesamol in an in vitro and in vivo model: pivotal roles of cyclic AMP and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Chang, CC; Chiang, CW; Chou, DS; Fong, TH; Hsiao, G; Jayakumar, T; Lu, WJ; Ong, ET; Sheu, JR, 2010)	2.09
"Sesamol is a potent phenolic antioxidant contained only in processed sesame oil and possesses potent chemopreventive, antimutagenic, antihepatotoxic and antioxidation properties."	( Efficacy of sesamol on plasma and tissue lipids in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Pugalendi, KV; Vennila, L, 2012)	1.48
"Thus sesamol seems to be an almost equally potent chemopreventive agent."	( Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil in the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis. Azuine, MA; Kapadia, GJ; Konoshima, T; Mukainaka, T; Nishino, H; Takasaki, M; Tokuda, H, 2002)	1.04
"Sesamol is a potent inhibitor of fungal fatty acid biosynthesis. "	( The sesame seed oil constituent, sesamol, induces growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer and cardiovascular cells. Bilko, D; Jacklin, A; Newton, CJ; Ratledge, C; Welham, K, 2003)	2.04
"Sesamol is a component in the nutritional makeup of sesame that was identified as an antioxidant. "	( Sesamol regulates plasminogen activator gene expression in cultured endothelial cells: a potential effect on the fibrinolytic system. Chang, H; Chen, PR; Lee, CC; Tsai, CE, 2005)	3.21
"Sesamol is a kind of antioxidant and exists in sesame oil. "	( [Protective effects of sesamol and its related compounds on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats]. Kamogawa, A; Ohta, S; Sato, N; Shinoda, M; Suzuki, M, 1994)	2.04

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sesamol has a potential as thrombolytic agent, nevertheless the current work highlights the significance of an appropriate dosage of sesamol when it is used as a therapeutic drug."	( Sesamol induces apoptosis in human platelets via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial damage. Girish, KS; Hemshekhar, M; Kemparaju, K; Kumar, MS; Naveen, S; Sunitha, K; Thushara, RM, 2013)	2.55
"Sesamol, however, has low intracellular drug concentration and fast excretion, which can limit its benefits in the clinic."	( Development of Sesamol Carbamate-L-Phenylalanine Prodrug Targeting L-Type Amino Acid Transporter1 (LAT1) as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent against Melanoma. Bahrami, K; Järvinen, J; Rautio, J; Srisongkram, T; Timonen, J; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2022)	1.8
"CF-Sesamol has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects."	( The combination of sesamol and clofibric acid moieties leads to a novel potent hypolipidemic agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Cheng, L; Guo, M; He, Y; Jiang, H; Liu, J; Ren, C; Shi, Y; Sun, M; Wang, B; Wang, W; Wang, X; Xie, Y; Xu, X, 2021)	1.46
"Sesamol has also reduced formation of radiation induced γ-H2AX foci after 0.5 h in these organs and further lowered to respective control values at 24 h of WBI."	( Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice. Adhikari, JS; Chaudhury, NK; Choudhary, S; Kumar, A, 2018)	2.64
"Sesamol has a potential as thrombolytic agent, nevertheless the current work highlights the significance of an appropriate dosage of sesamol when it is used as a therapeutic drug."	( Sesamol induces apoptosis in human platelets via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial damage. Girish, KS; Hemshekhar, M; Kemparaju, K; Kumar, MS; Naveen, S; Sunitha, K; Thushara, RM, 2013)	2.55
"Sesamol has cardioprotective activity through normalization of doxorubicin-induced-altered biochemical parameters."	( Antioxidant, lipid lowering, and membrane stabilization effect of sesamol against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in experimental rats. Chennuru, A; Saleem, MT, 2013)	1.35
"Sesamol has been shown earlier to exhibit antimutagenic (reactive oxygen mediated) and antiageing activity in our lab and it has also been found to exert chemopreventive effect. "	( Sesamol: an efficient antioxidant with potential therapeutic benefits. Geetha, T; Pal, KI; Rohit, B, 2009)	3.24

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sesamol treatment improved spatial memory and learning ability in AD mice, improved neuronal damage, and decreased Aβ accumulation."	( Sesamol Attenuates Amyloid Peptide Accumulation and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice: The Mediating Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. Gao, JM; Li, L; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Mo, F; Xi, Y; Xie, T; Yuan, T, 2021)	2.79
"Sesamol-pretreated (10 μM) HeLa cells were exposed to 7.5 nM paclitaxel."	( Sesamol Augments Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Sheng, J; Sun, Z; Wei, Y; Xiao, X; Xiong, J; Zhang, L, 2022)	2.89
"Sesamol treatment (0.05% w/v, in drinking water) suppressed d-galactose-induced liver damages and improved HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA levels."	( Protective effects of sesamol on systemic oxidative stress-induced cognitive impairments via regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Diao, Z; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Ren, B; Yuan, T; Zhang, C, 2018)	1.52
"Sesamol pre-treatment also alleviated the disturbed antioxidant milieu by preventing ROS production and improving endogenous enzyme levels."	( Sesamol prevents doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage and toxicity on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Bansal, P; Kutty, NG; Nayak, PG; Pai, KS; Paul, P, 2013)	2.55
"the sesamol- and kojic-treated SK-MEL2 cells."	( Application of FTIR microspectroscopy for characterization of biomolecular changes in human melanoma cells treated by sesamol and kojic acid. Barusrux, S; Srisayam, M; Tanthanuch, W; Thumanu, K; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2014)	1.09
"Sesamol treatment also showed recovery of relative spleen weight at 24h of WBI."	( Sesamol attenuates genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of whole-body γ-irradiated mice. Adhikari, JS; Chaudhury, NK; Choudhary, S; Khan, S; Kumar, A; Selvan, TG; Tripathi, AM, 2015)	2.58
"Sesamol pre-treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation, translocation of gut bacteria to spleen, liver, and kidney, and enhanced regeneration of crypt cells in the GI system."	( Protective effect of sesamol against ⁶⁰Co γ-ray-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Adhikari, JS; Chaudhury, NK; Khan, S; Kumar, A; Rizvi, MA, 2015)	1.46
"Sesamol treatment reduced the negative impact of STZ-induced diabetes on tight junction protein expression in isolated cerebral microvessels."	( Administration of sesamol improved blood-brain barrier function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chua, MD; Huber, JD; Kelly, KA; Ptachcinski, RL; VanGilder, RL, 2009)	1.41
"Sesamol treatment may represent a novel approach to lowering the risk of or improving function in thromboembolism-related disorders."	( Potent antiplatelet activity of sesamol in an in vitro and in vivo model: pivotal roles of cyclic AMP and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Chang, CC; Chiang, CW; Chou, DS; Fong, TH; Hsiao, G; Jayakumar, T; Lu, WJ; Ong, ET; Sheu, JR, 2010)	1.37
"Sesamol pre-treatment restored oxidative defence possibly by its free radical scavenging activity as compared to the 3NP-treated group."	( Protective effect of sesamol against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced cognitive dysfunction and altered glutathione redox balance in rats. Kalonia, H; Kumar, A; Kumar, P, 2010)	1.4
"Sesamol treatment decreased IR, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, resistin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, along with normalization of adiponectin, nitric oxide and arterial pressures in a dose-dependent fashion."	( Sesamol alleviates diet-induced cardiometabolic syndrome in rats via up-regulating PPARγ, PPARα and e-NOS. Arya, DS; Bharti, S; Bhatia, J; Kumari, S; Malik, S; Nepal, S; Ray, R; Sharma, AK, 2012)	2.54
"Sesamol pretreated (1, 5 and 10 microg/ml) lymphocytes were exposed to different doses of gamma-radiation, i.e., 1, 2 and 4 Gray (Gy) and the cellular changes were estimated by using cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (MN), dicentric aberration (DC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). "	( Radioprotective effect of sesamol on gamma-radiation induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants levels in cultured human lymphocytes. Menon, VP; Prasad, NR; Pugalendi, KV; Vasudev, V, 2005)	2.07
"Pretreatment with sesamol (5 and 10 mg/kg; p.o.) and buspirone (5 and 10 mg/ kg; p.o.) significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weight, locomotor activity, and anxiety like behavior in mirror chamber as well as plus maze performance tasks and anti-oxidant like effect as evidenced by reduced lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and restoration of reduced glutathione and catalase activity as compared to control animals."	( Evaluation of sesamol and buspirone in stress induced anxiety in mice. Kalonia, H; Kaur, G; Kumar, A; Rinwa, P, )	0.82
"Pretreatment with sesamol significantly reduced the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, lipid peroxidation, restored levels of reduced glutathione and increased total renal nitric oxide levels."	( Renoprotective effects of sesamol in ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative renal injury in rats. Chopra, K; Gupta, A; Kaur, I; Sharma, S, 2009)	0.98
"Pretreatment with sesamol (0.85 mg/kg/day) significantly protected against all these effects."	( Effects of methyl parathion on Chasmagnathus granulatus hepatopancreas: protective role of sesamol. Bianchini, A; Monserrat, JM, 2007)	0.88

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Heavy metals become toxic when they are not metabolized by the body and accumulate in the soft tissue."	( Beneficial effect of sesame oil on heavy metal toxicity. Chandrasekaran, VR; Hsu, DZ; Liu, MY, 2014)	0.4
" These findings demonstrated that, among three sesame lignans tested, sesamin protected against Aβ toxicity by reducing toxic Aβ oligomers."	( Sesamin and sesamolin reduce amyloid-β toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Bunargin, W; Keowkase, R; Shoomarom, N; Sitthithaworn, W; Weerapreeyakul, N, 2018)	0.86
" However, concomitant administration of SML with AlNPs significantly ameliorated the toxic effects on the brain, reflecting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of SML."	( Neuroprotective effect of sesamol against aluminum nanoparticle-induced toxicity in rats. Abou-Zeid, SM; AbuBakr, HO; Anis, A; El-Bialy, BE; El-Borai, NB; Elkhadrawey, BA; Elsabbagh, HS, 2021)	0.92

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Single oral dose plasma pharmacokinetic study was also performed for free sesamol and S-FBs."	( Role of sesamol-loaded floating beads in gastric cancers: a pharmacokinetic and biochemical evidence. Deol, PK; Geetha, T; Kaur, IP, 2015)	1.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This paper reports the bioavailability of sesamol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats."	( Bioavailability and tissue distribution of sesamol in rat. Ho, CT; Hwang, LS; Jan, KC, 2008)	0.87
" This investigation studied the bioavailability and excretion of sesamol in Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Elimination and metabolism of sesamol, a bioactive compound in sesame oil, in rats. Ho, CT; Hwang, LS; Jan, KC, 2009)	0.88
" Limited oral bioavailability (BA) and rapid elimination (as conjugates) in rats is reported for sesamol."	( Hepatoprotective effects of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in carbon tetrachloride induced sub-chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Kakkar, V; Kaur, IP; Khullar, N; Singh, N, 2016)	0.95
" In this manuscript, we attempted to improve its bioavailability by encapsulation in mixed phosphatidylcholine micelles."	( Encapsulation of sesamol in phosphatidyl choline micelles: Enhanced bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity. Kurrey, NK; Singh, SA; Yashaswini, PS, 2017)	0.79

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In the cell viability assay, the cell surviving rate significantly decreased as the dosage and duration of sesamol treatment increased (p<0."	( Effects of sesamol on apoptosis and steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Chen, YH; Huang, BM; Jen, CY; Leu, SF, 2011)	0.97
" Post-oral administration of sesamol at the dosage of 50 mg/kg BW remarkably decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hepatic marker enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products and also enhanced the antioxidant activity."	( Modulatory effect of sesamol on DOCA-salt-induced oxidative stress in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Hemalatha, G; Pugalendi, KV; Saravanan, R, 2013)	1
" Sesamol has a potential as thrombolytic agent, nevertheless the current work highlights the significance of an appropriate dosage of sesamol when it is used as a therapeutic drug."	( Sesamol induces apoptosis in human platelets via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial damage. Girish, KS; Hemshekhar, M; Kemparaju, K; Kumar, MS; Naveen, S; Sunitha, K; Thushara, RM, 2013)	2.74
" In this study, the cardioprotective effect of sesamol against doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in experimental rats was evaluated at the dosage of 50 mg/kg bw."	( Antioxidant, lipid lowering, and membrane stabilization effect of sesamol against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in experimental rats. Chennuru, A; Saleem, MT, 2013)	0.88

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en:groceries	core-ingredient	1
Instantsoßen	core-ingredient	1
en:Dried nori seaweed sheet	core-ingredient	1
en:Dried nori seaweeds	core-ingredient	1
en:Nori seaweeds	core-ingredient	1
Getrocknetes Seegras	core-ingredient	1
Algen	core-ingredient	1
Getrocknete Produkte auf pflanzlicher Basis	core-ingredient	1
Fisch und Meeresfrüchte	core-ingredient	1
en:nori-seaweeds	core-ingredient	1
Dried seaweeds	core-ingredient	1
Seaweeds and their products	core-ingredient	1
Dried plant-based foods	core-ingredient	1
Dried products	core-ingredient	1
Seafood	core-ingredient	1
Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	1
Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	1
Soupes	core-ingredient	1
Plats préparés	core-ingredient	1
Fleischsoßen	core-ingredient	1
Japanese ravioli	core-ingredient	1
Rindfleischgerichte	core-ingredient	1
Fleischgerichte	core-ingredient	1
Crackers	core-ingredient	1
Kekse und Kuchen	core-ingredient	1
Vorspeisen	core-ingredient	1
Süßer Snack	core-ingredient	1
Salzige Snacks	core-ingredient	1
Imbiss	core-ingredient	1

Class	Description
benzodioxoles
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.2638	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9956	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID588515; AID588516; AID743036; AID743040; AID743042; AID743053
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0389	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259377
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	60.6336	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	66.8397	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.4305	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075; AID743078; AID743079
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID588537
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	63.0438	0.0391	47.5451	146.8240	AID1224845; AID1224896
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	61.8196	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Polyphenol oxidase 2	Agaricus bisporus	IC50 (µMol)	6.7000	0.0340	3.9871	10.0000	AID1760270
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain B, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain A, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain B, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain A, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain B, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain A, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain B, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain A, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Chain B, POL polyprotein	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	5,500.0000	AID977611
Integrase	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Kd	5,500.0000	0.0033	1.0098	3.0000	AID1295720
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (57)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1202866	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as reduction of atherosclerotic lesions size in aortic arch at 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by oil red o staining-based assay relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683550	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 1.2 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683562	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 1 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683568	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 1 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683567	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 0.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683553	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 0.6 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683569	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 1.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683555	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 0.2 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202884	Reversal of L5-induced Akt dephosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202882	Induction of eNOS phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM measured at 30 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of wortmannin and Akt inhibitor	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202862	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by automated analyzer relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1295720	Binding affinity to HIV integrase	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends.
AID1202867	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma L5 level at 50 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by fast protein liquid chromatographic analysis (Rvb = 13.7%)	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683564	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 0.8 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683566	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 0.6 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683565	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 0.4 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202878	Induction of eNOS phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM after 10 to 30 mins by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683571	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 0.4 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID779150	Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in human HEK293 cells at 20 uM after 24 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay relative to vehicle-treated control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20	Anti-proliferative activity of hydnocarpin, a natural lignan, is associated with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colon cancer cells.
AID1683561	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 0.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683557	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 1 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202860	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed po dosed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma L5 level administered for 16 weeks by fast protein liquid chromatographic analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202872	Inhibition of LOX1-induced DiI-L5 endocytosis in HAEC at 3 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by DiI-L5 treatment measured after 8 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202881	Induction of Akt phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM after 60 to 240 mins by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202876	Activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in HAEC assessed as inhibition of L5-induced caspase-3 activation preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis in presence of PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, Akt inhibito	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202873	Inhibition of L5-induced LOX1 expression in HAEC at 0.3 to 3 uM by immunoblot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202857	Toxicity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as mortality at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks measured over 22 weeks	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202865	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as reduction of atherosclerotic lesions size in aortic arch at 50 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by oil red o staining-based assay relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202864	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma trigylceride level at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by automated analyzer relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683563	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion radical scavenging rate at 1.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683556	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 1.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683560	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 0.4 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683570	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 0.8 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202883	Induction of Akt phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM measured at 30 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of wortmannin and Akt inhibitor	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202879	Induction of eNOS phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM after 60 to 240 mins by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202871	Inhibition of L5-induced caspase-3 activation in HAEC preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 24 hrs by immunoblot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683559	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 0.6 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683551	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 1 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683572	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 0.6 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1683558	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of potassium ferricyanide trivalent iron into potassium ferrocyanide bivalent iron and ferrous iron by measuring eliminate efficiency at 0.8 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202863	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by automated analyzer relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202874	Inhibition of L5-activated LOX1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in HAEC preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 120 mins by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202858	Toxicity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as change in body weight at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks measured over 22 weeks	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683554	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 0.4 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1760270	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 30 mins by microplate reader analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 201	Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1202869	Inhibition of L5-induced apoptosis in HAEC preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33342 and calcein-AM staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202861	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma total cholesterol level at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by automated analyzer relative to high-fat diet fed control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202868	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in plasma L5 level at 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by fast protein liquid chromatographic analysis (Rvb = 13.7%)	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202880	Induction of Akt phosphorylation in HAEC at 3 uM after 10 to 30 mins by Western blot analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683573	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydroxyl radical scavenging rate at 0.2 g/L relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202875	Activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in HAEC assessed as inhibition of L5-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation preincubated for 30 mins followed by L5 induction measured after 120 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, Akt in	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1683552	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation by measuring antiperoxide-index at 0.8 g/L by thiobarbituric acid method relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	Preparations and antioxidant activities of sesamol and it's derivatives.
AID1202870	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed Syrian hamster assessed as downregulation of active caspase-3 expression in aorta at 50 to 100 mg/kg, po administered for 16 weeks by immunohistochemical analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID1202859	Antiatherogenic activity in high-fat diet fed po dosed Syrian hamster assessed as decrease in total LDL electronegativity administered for 16 weeks by agarose gel electrophoresis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Sesamol reduces the atherogenicity of electronegative L5 LDL in vivo and in vitro.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2011	ChemMedChem, Feb-07, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Fragment-based design of ligands targeting a novel site on the integrase enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus 1.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5 (2.07)	18.7374
1990's	13 (5.37)	18.2507
2000's	43 (17.77)	29.6817
2010's	113 (46.69)	24.3611
2020's	68 (28.10)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.40%)	5.53%
Reviews	10 (4.05%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.40%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	235 (95.14%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	7.08	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.25	1	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.25	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	7.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	2.41	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.41	2	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
catechol [no description available]	3.08	5	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.58	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.03	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.94	4	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.03	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	7.41	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.17	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	1.95	1	0	inositol phosphate
melatonin [no description available]	2.49	2	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.93	4	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.31	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.77	3	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.03	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	1.98	1	0	benzodioxoles
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.46	2	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	7.04	1	0	monoazo compound
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7.46	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.08	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.08	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	7.31	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	7.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	7.08	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	2.08	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	resorcinols
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.05	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.98	4	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
kojic acid [no description available]	7.55	2	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	1.96	1	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	7.31	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.39	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	1.98	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.74	3	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	2.08	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.05	1	0	sulfamic acids
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.01	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.17	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	7.44	2	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	7.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.06	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.08	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.07	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	7.1	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.81	3	0	xanthene
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.25	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.05	1	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
4-anisidine 4-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	genotoxin; reagent
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.07	1	0	alkane
piperonal piperonal: has been used as a pediculicide; structure. piperonal : An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum.	1.96	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; benzodioxoles	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.05	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.45	2	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
1,3-benzodioxole 1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group.	2.39	2	0	benzodioxole
thiazoles [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	7.06	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
perillyl alcohol perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender.	7.25	1	0	limonene monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.44	7	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.06	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	2.25	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.21	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.76	10	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.97	4	0
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.94	4	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.07	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.6	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	7.1	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.58	2	0	titanium group element atom
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.17	1	0	calcium phosphate
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.58	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.59	2	0
ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)	7.45	2	0	iron chelate	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.17	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.41	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.06	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.97	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
rubrene [no description available]	2.01	1	0
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.31	1	0
magnolol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	5.84	16	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ethylphenylpropiolate ethylphenylpropiolate: structure	2.03	1	0
lopinavir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.	3.21	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite
sesaminol sesaminol: structure given in first source; RN given from CAS Index Guide 1990; RN given refers to the (1S-(alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/90. sesaminol : A furofuran that is cis-tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by a 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 1S and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 4S. It is metabolite found in sesame seeds.	3.58	2	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; organic hydroxy compound	antioxidant; plant metabolite
sesamolin sesamolin: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to the (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha)-isomer); inhibits proliferation of human lymphocytic leukemia cells in culture	5.65	13	0	benzodioxoles
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.03	1	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-(2',6'-difluorophenyl)-1h,3h-thiazolo(3,4-a)benzimidazole 1-(2',6'-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo(3,4-a)benzimidazole: anti-HIV agent; a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.51	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.05	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	4.66	8	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
schizandrin b (+)-schisandrin B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; tannin	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.01	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
pinoresinol diglucoside pinoresinol diglucoside: major antihypertensive principle of Tu-Chung (Eucummia ulmoides, Oliver); structure	2.25	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
wortmannin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	3.23	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	2.1	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	7.08	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	11.65	20	0
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.01	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	7.6	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.43	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
5-(1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-2-yl)-n-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamide 5-(1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamide: structure in first source	3.23	1	0
bms-488043 BMS-488043: anti-HIV agent	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2	1	0	triterpenoid
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.25	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	benzodioxoles
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.01	1	0	stilbene
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.21	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.02	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.89	4	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	2.44	2	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.02	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	3.41	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.42	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.15	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.41	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
nadp [no description available]	2.39	2	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.14	5	0
schizandrin [no description available]	2.08	1	0
tert-butoxy tert-butoxy: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sr 144528 SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source. SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).	2.08	1	0	bridged compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide	CB2 receptor antagonist; EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
paulownin paulownin: lignan isolated from heartwood of Phyllarthron comorense DC; structure	2.08	1	0
silybin [no description available]	2.08	1	0
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	8.48	1	1
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.17	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	1.98	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
quercetin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.73	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.25	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.25	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.02	1	0	alpha-humulene
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.08	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.15	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.01	1	0	cyclodextrin
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	7.31	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
aldosterone dehydrodiisoeugenol: an isoeugenol dimer, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.02	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.02	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	3.23	1	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.21	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.48	2	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	fatty acid ester
bms-626529 [no description available]	3.23	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.41	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	2.03	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.08	1	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7.25	1	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.06	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.01	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
chitosan [no description available]	3.01	3	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.06	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.08	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.42	7	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.44	2	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	2.17	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.6	1	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.05	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.01	1	0
pravastatin acanthoside D: from Salsola collina	2.08	1	0	glycoside; lignan
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.17	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.17	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.44	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	4.09	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.98	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
sethoxydim sethoxydim: structure given in Merck Index	2.21	1	0	organic hydroxy compound
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.25	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.51	2
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.51	2
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3.02	4
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3.02	4
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.31	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.31	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.31	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.31	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.7	3
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.7	3
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.25	4
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.96	3
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.25	4
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.76	2
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	4.73	8
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.31	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.37	20
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.31	1
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.76	2
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	4.73	8
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.13	4
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.13	4
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.85	11
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.52	8
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.52	8
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.41	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.82	2
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.62	7
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	2.41	1
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	2.41	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.72	2
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.41	1
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	2.41	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.41	1
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	2.41	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.41	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.41	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.41	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.41	1
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.41	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.41	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.63	2
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.63	2
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.76	2
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.76	2
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.01	2
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	8.01	2
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	7.6	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.6	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	7.6	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.85	3
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.85	3
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.58	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	7.6	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.6	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.25	1
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.53	2
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.53	2
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.18	5
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	3.45	2
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	7.25	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.55	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.55	2
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.25	1
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	2.25	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	7.25	1
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	2.25	1
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	7.25	1
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	3.23	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	3.23	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	8.23	1
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	3.23	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.41	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	3.03	4
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	3.03	4
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.51	2
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	7.51	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.48	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.48	2
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.15	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.15	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.15	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.15	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.15	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.15	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.15	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	7.15	1
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	2.17	1
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	7.17	1
Palsy [description not available]	2.17	1
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.17	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.48	2
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.98	4
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.48	2
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.48	2
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.48	2
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	3.01	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	3.01	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.49	2
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.49	2
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.08	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.08	1
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	2.08	1
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	2.08	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.08	1
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.08	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.15	5
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.15	5
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.76	3
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.76	3
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.46	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.11	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.7	3
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.09	5
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.09	5
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	7.13	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.13	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.13	1
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.13	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.13	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.13	1
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	2.15	1
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.98	4
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.45	2
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	2.05	1
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	2.05	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.05	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.05	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.98	4
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.98	4
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.05	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.05	1
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.05	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.05	1
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.05	1
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	2.05	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.05	1
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.05	1
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.05	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	7.06	1
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.06	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.06	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.06	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.06	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.06	1
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	2.06	1
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	2.06	1
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.06	1
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	7.06	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.07	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	7.07	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	2.07	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.07	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.07	1
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.07	1
Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.	2.08	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.08	1
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.01	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.02	1
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.03	1
MODS [description not available]	2.03	1
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.03	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.03	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.03	1
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.4	2
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	1.98	1
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	1.98	1
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	1.98	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.98	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	1.98	1
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.38	2
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.98	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	1.98	1
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.38	2
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.89	4
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.98	1
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.98	1
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.98	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	1.97	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	1.97	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	1.97	1
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.	1.97	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	1.97	1

sesamol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (94)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (99 Items)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (38)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (57)

Research

Studies (242)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 44.30

Study Types

sesamol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (94)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (99 Items)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (38)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (57)

Research

Studies (242)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 44.30

Study Types

Related Drugs (193)

Related Conditions (186)