forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forsythia | genus | A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Members contain suspensaside.[MeSH] | Oleaceae | A plant family of the order Lamiales. The leaves are usually opposite and the flowers usually have four sepals, four petals, two stamens, and two fused carpels that form a single superior ovary.[MeSH] |
| Forsythia suspensa | species | [no description available] | Oleaceae | A plant family of the order Lamiales. The leaves are usually opposite and the flowers usually have four sepals, four petals, two stamens, and two fused carpels that form a single superior ovary.[MeSH] |
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 5281773 |
| CHEMBL ID | 504363 |
| CHEBI ID | 5160 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 3318896 |
| MeSH ID | M0162091 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| beta-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 4-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (e)- |
| nsc 729638 |
| unii-ouh5bq893p |
| ouh5bq893p , |
| NCGC00180544-01 |
| MEGXP0_001187 , |
| forsythoside a |
| 79916-77-1 |
| forsythiaside |
| ACON1_001402 |
| nsc-729638 |
| nsc729638 |
| BRD-K62073009-001-01-6 |
| bdbm50269517 |
| CHEMBL504363 , |
| chebi:5160 , |
| AC1NQZ1W , |
| [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate |
| S9317 |
| AKOS015897128 |
| SCHEMBL3318896 |
| .beta.-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 4-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (e)- |
| .beta.-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 4-((2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate) |
| [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl] (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate |
| Q-100834 |
| forsythoside-a |
| surecn3318896 |
| HY-N0028 |
| forsythiaside a |
| (e)-(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-((((2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate |
| mfcd08460220 |
| Q27106670 |
| CCG-270267 |
| CS-0007097 |
| (2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-((((2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-yl (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate |
| A854587 |
| DTXSID801317212 |
Forsythiaside A (FA) is an active ingredient extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Forsythiae Fructus. FA has prominent hepatoprotective activities.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Forsythiaside A (FA) has been reported to have anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activities." | ( Forsythiaside A protects against focal cerebral ischemic injury by mediating the activation of the Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Ma, T; Shi, YL; Wang, YL, 2019) | 2.68 |
The main pharmacokinetic parameters of unbound forsythiaside in rat blood and bile were obtained, Furthermore, the bile-to-blood distribution ratio (AUC(bile) / AUC(blood) was 0. The result showed that the compound was poorly absorbed with an absolute bioavailability being approximately 0.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The analytical sensitivity and accuracy of this assay were adequate for characterization of the pharmacokinetics of intravenous administration of forsythiaside to rats and the assay has been successfully applied to provide pharmacokinetic data." | ( Determination of forsythiaside in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Jiang, XH; Li, X; Li, YX; Liang, HY, 2008) | 0.89 |
| " The validated method was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in rats after administration of Shuang-huang-lian solutions via intravenous, peroral or intratracheal routes." | ( An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, forsythiaside A and baicalin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of shuang-huang-lian in rats. Chang, Q; Liao, YH; Liu, CY; Quan, LH; Wei, W; Ye, JX, 2010) | 0.59 |
| " This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of shuanghuanglian (SHL) and azithromycin in rats, and to provide experimental support for rational drug use in clinics." | ( Pharmacokinetic interaction between shuanghuanglian and azithromycin injection: a nonlinear mixed-effects model analysis in rats. Li, X; Sun, S; Tian, J; Zhao, Z, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin after single and co-intravenous administration in rats." | ( Pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin injection after single and co-intravenous administration in rats. Li, XG; Ni, J; Shen, S; Tian, JC; Wang, XP, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A are also discussed in this review, thus providing a solid foundation and evidence for further studies to explore novel effective drugs from Chinese medicine monomers." | ( A review of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A. Gong, L; Li, Y; Ma, C; Peng, C; Wang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H, 2021) | 1.1 |
| " This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic interaction between forsythiaside and azithromycin." | ( Impact of Azithromycin on Forsythiaside Pharmacokinetics in Rats: A Population Modeling Method. Cui, JR; Li, XG; Tian, JC; Zhang, XL, 2022) | 1.26 |
| " Non-compartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic methods were used to investigate the forsythiaside pharmacokinetic difference between the experimental and control group." | ( Impact of Azithromycin on Forsythiaside Pharmacokinetics in Rats: A Population Modeling Method. Cui, JR; Li, XG; Tian, JC; Zhang, XL, 2022) | 1.24 |
| "Compared with a single administration, the area under the curve and half-life of forsythiaside increased, and forsythiaside clearance decreased significantly after co-administration with azithromycin." | ( Impact of Azithromycin on Forsythiaside Pharmacokinetics in Rats: A Population Modeling Method. Cui, JR; Li, XG; Tian, JC; Zhang, XL, 2022) | 1.25 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver." | ( Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian. Bi, XL; Chen, LT; Di, LQ; Shan, JJ; Wang, LC; Zhou, W, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The absorption rate constant K(a) and the hourly absorption percentages A were essentially unchanged." | ( [Study on in situ intestinal absorption of active ingredients in Shuanghuanglian oral liquid in rats]. Bi, X; Chen, L; Di, L; Du, Q; Zhou, W, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Phenylethanoid glycosides, the main active ingredients in Fructus Forsythiae extract possesses strong antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects, and their contents were higher largely than that of other ingredients such as lignans and flavones, but their absolute bioavailability orally was significantly low, which influenced clinical efficacies of its oral preparations seriously." | ( Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on the intestinal absorptions of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract. Cai, B; Di, L; Liu, T; Shan, J; Tan, X; Zhou, W, 2014) | 0.4 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "08 microg x min/ml after the three dosage administrated." | ( Pharmacokinetics of phillyrin and forsythiaside following iv administration to Beagle dog. Jiang, XH; Li, X; Li, YX; Peng, C; Zhang, RQ, ) | 0.41 |
| " In pharmacokinetics study, water-soluble chitosan at dosage of 50mg/kg improved the bioavailability of FTA in weeping forsythia extract to the greatest extent, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation." | ( Improvement of intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in weeping forsythia extract by various absorption enhancers based on tight junctions. Cai, BC; Di, LQ; Ju, WZ; Liu, SJ; Qin, KM; Shan, JJ; Zhou, W, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Results from both in vitro, in situ as well as in vivo studies consistently indicated that Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) at dosage of 25 mg/kg could enhance intestinal permeabilities significantly as well as the in vivo bioavailabilities of both FTA and CHA than CMCs in Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation." | ( Improvement of intestinal absorption of forsythoside A and chlorogenic acid by different carboxymethyl chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide, application to Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations. Cai, B; Di, L; Shan, J; Wang, H; Yin, A; Zhou, W; Zhu, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " In pharmacokinetics study, COS at dosage of 25mg/kg improved the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract to the greatest extent, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation." | ( Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on the intestinal absorptions of phenylethanoid glycosides in Fructus Forsythiae extract. Cai, B; Di, L; Liu, T; Shan, J; Tan, X; Zhou, W, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "In the present study, male BALB/c mice received an oral dosage of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) (0." | ( Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside a combination on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of the IL-17-NF-κB/MAPK pathway activation. Du, H; Gong, G; Liu, C; Ma, Q; Quan, ZS; Wu, Y; Zhen, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| hydroxycinnamic acid | Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 1.9000 | 0.0001 | 0.9720 | 10.0000 | AID403148 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| ciliary basal body | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| nucleoplasm | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| cytoplasm | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| mitochondrion | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| cytosol | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| plasma membrane | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| mitochondrial membrane | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| perinuclear region of cytoplasm | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular exosome | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex | Protein kinase C alpha type | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1371010 | Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation for 3 mins | 2017 | Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4 | Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa. |
| AID1625184 | Hemolytic activity in human RBC at MIC after 1 hr by spectrophotometric method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID1625179 | Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID403148 | Inhibition of human recombinant PKCalpha | 1998 | Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11 | Phenylethanoid glycosides from Digitalis purpurea and Penstemon linarioides with PKCalpha-inhibitory activity. |
| AID1625182 | Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 24067 after 48 hrs by micro broth dilution method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID403737 | Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins by TLC autographic assay | 2005 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8 | Antioxidant constituents of the aerial parts of Globularia alypum growing in Morocco. |
| AID1625181 | Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans isolate T1444 after 48 hrs by micro broth dilution method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID1255828 | Neuroprotective activity against rotenone-induced cell damage in rat PC12 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 53.9 +/- 7.1%) | 2015 | Journal of natural products, Oct-23, Volume: 78, Issue:10 | Forsythoneosides A-D, Neuroprotective Phenethanoid and Flavone Glycoside Heterodimers from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa. |
| AID1625180 | Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by micro broth dilution method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID1625185 | Hemolytic activity in human RBC after 1 hr by spectrophotometric method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID1625183 | Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans isolate T1444 assessed as FIC index after 48 hrs in presence of amphotericin B by micro broth dilution method | 2019 | Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3 | Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella. |
| AID1371011 | Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced elastase release pre-incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pnitroanilide as substrate | 2017 | Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4 | Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa. |
| AID1371012 | Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction at 10 ug/ml incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation | 2017 | Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4 | Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (0.86) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4 (3.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 18 (15.52) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 61 (52.59) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 32 (27.59) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (31.04) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.84%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (0.84%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 117 (98.32%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||