Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Space Adaptation Syndrome

Disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, possibly in response to vestibular disorientation or fluid shifts associated with space flight. (From Webster's New World Dictionary)

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Space Motion Sickness
Space Adaptation Syndrome

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Space motion sickness is currently treated pharmacologically with the empiric use of the H1 antihistamine promethazine, but use of this intervention is limited by the side effect of significant sedation."( Blake, D; Chelonis, JJ; Dornhoffer, J, 2004)

Research

Studies (34)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19906 (17.65)23.3326
1990's9 (26.47)12.5806
2000's11 (32.35)18.1394
2010's7 (20.59)28.8240
2020's1 (2.94)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
histamine0low10
acetaminophen0low10
astemizole0medium11
baclofen0medium11
doxepin0medium11
furosemide0low10
lorazepam0medium22
meclizine0medium22
oxotremorine0low10
promethazine0medium103
terfenadine0medium11
dextroamphetamine0medium81
apomorphine0low10
ephedrine0low20
dimenhydrinate0low20
ouabain0low10
digitoxin0low10
cinnarizine0low10
taxane0low10
bemethyl0low10
scopolamine hydrobromide0medium123
inosine0low10
eye0low10

Protein Targets (458)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma110011
ATAD5 protein, partial5005
GLS protein4004
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Smad34004
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A18008
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 37007
progesterone receptor9009
EWS/FLI fusion protein4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 18008
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha6006
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha110011
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha120012
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma8008
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
chromobox protein homolog 15005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2100010
peripheral myelin protein 227007
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi6006
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3011011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4011011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120204
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
Bile salt export pump0202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit7007
Bile salt export pump014014
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 10204
Carbonic anhydrase 20205
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10012
Cytochrome P450 1A20001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 30203
Cytochrome P450 3A40404
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-16006
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta6006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-26017
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Glutamate receptor 27007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-56006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-36006
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 60204
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-26006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-46006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-36006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-66006
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0204
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20001
Carbonic anhydrase 70204
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Cytochrome P450 2J20304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-16017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-36006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-26017
Carbonic anhydrase 90204
GABA theta subunit6006
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1011011
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Carbonic anhydrase 130204
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon6006
Carbonic anhydrase 140204
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0204
toxin B0001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Luciferase3003
acetylcholinesterase4004
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit6006
TDP1 protein9009
GLI family zinc finger 39009
AR protein140014
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)8008
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 47007
farnesoid X nuclear receptor7007
cytochrome P450 2D65005
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 29009
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a7007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)8008
Histone H2A.x6006
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor3003
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d9009
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1110011
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
geminin9009
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
lamin isoform A-delta10110011
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0304
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Cellular tumor antigen p538008
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0213
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
D(2) dopamine receptor010214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0213
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0404
D0303
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A09110
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor010214
D(4) dopamine receptor0416
D(1B) dopamine receptor0203
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A013013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B09110
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0213
D(4) dopamine receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0213
D(3) dopamine receptor012114
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0213
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0505
Histamine H2 receptor3116
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Spike glycoprotein6129
D(2) dopamine receptor0224
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0213
D0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 54004
Ataxin-26006
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1011011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0213
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
Chain A, Beta-lactamase5005
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
SMAD family member 24004
Fumarate hydratase2002
USP1 protein, partial4004
SMAD family member 34004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease2002
nonstructural protein 11001
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]7007
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
polyprotein2002
67.9K protein5005
glucocerebrosidase3003
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor4004
caspase-32002
IDH14004
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
activating transcription factor 65005
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
Caspase-72002
Spike glycoprotein0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
caspase-32002
heat shock protein beta-14004
huntingtin isoform 23003
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0202
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
Transmembrane protease serine 20123
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4010010
Polycomb protein EED0202
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Interferon beta5005
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Procathepsin L0123
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1012012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2011213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4014216
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5012214
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor010010
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-44004
Replicase polyprotein 1a0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0325
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1015217
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-24004
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor010010
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3012214
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Substance-K receptor0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 014115
Histamine H2 receptor0729
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor011011
Substance-P receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C010010
Somatostatin receptor type 20101
Somatostatin receptor type 40101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter010111
Melanocortin receptor 40202
Somatostatin receptor type 30101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Somatostatin receptor type 50101
Histamine H1 receptor014216
Mu-type opioid receptor0404
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B012012
Melanocortin receptor 30202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60808
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Inositol monophosphatase 14004
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0303
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 010111
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20617
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0123
Histamine H4 receptor0224
Heparanase0011
thioredoxin reductase6006
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
endonuclease IV2002
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
Estrogen receptor 10101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
PINK11001
G1001
Parkin2002
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 11001
snurportin-11001
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Cruzipain0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer relaxase protein TraI 0101
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Stromelysin-10101
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Macrophage metalloelastase0101
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0112
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
STAT3, partial0202
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform alpha0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-10304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-30203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-20203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20304
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-10101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma0203
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10102
Histamine H1 receptor0225
Histamine H1 receptor0314
Histamine H3 receptor0102
Albumin0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
G-protein coupled receptor 350112
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
GALC protein2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30102
Plasma kallikrein0001
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Adenosine receptor A10001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
Histamine H3 receptor0123
Chain A, ADENOSINE DEAMINASE0101
Chain A, ADENOSINE DEAMINASE0101
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10011
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0001
Adenosylhomocysteinase0102
Adenosine deaminase 0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Translocator protein0101
Chain H, Igg2b-kappa 40-50 Fab (heavy Chain)0101
Chain L, Igg2b-kappa 40-50 Fab (light Chain)0101
Chain A, Na, K-ATPase alpha subunit0011
PPM1D protein1001
Kruppel-like factor 50101
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50001
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 0101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10505
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20001
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30101
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40101
MCOLN3 protein0011
transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily N, member 10011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20415
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Mineralocorticoid receptor0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20011
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Snq2p0001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
Major prion protein0011
Calmodulin-10101
Trypanothione reductase0202
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0102
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
Calmodulin 0011
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Chloroquine resistance transporter0101
Thrombopoietin1001
arylsulfatase A1001
XBP10101
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein0101
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 50202
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]