Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna

Thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone, which may be associated with hypertrichosis and obesity. It most commonly affects women near menopause.

Synonyms(3)

Synonym
Leontiasis Ossium
Morgagni-Stewart-Morel Syndrome
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Hyperostosis frontalis interna is the term used to describe the thickening of the frontal bones of the skull."( Palestro, CJ; Torres, MA, 1997)
"BACKGROUND Hyperostosis frontalis interna is a boney overgrowth of the inner side of the frontal bone of the skull caused by overgrowth of the endocranial surface."( Frank, PW; Stiene, JM, 2022)

Research

Studies (53)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199036 (67.92)23.3326
1990's3 (5.66)12.5806
2000's8 (15.09)18.1394
2010's3 (5.66)28.8240
2020's3 (5.66)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
pyridoxine0low10
uric acid0low10
acetaminophen0low10
acetazolamide0low10
amitriptyline0low10
valproic acid0low10
ethosuximide0low10
iproniazid0low10
metoclopramide0low10
nialamide0low10
prednisolone0low10
hydroxyproline0low10
dehydroepiandrosterone0low20
lysine0low10
levodopa0low10
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone0low10
oxazoles0low10
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate0low10
technetium0low30
gold0low10
origen0low10
propiconazole0low50
venlafaxine hydrochloride0low10
xylose0low10
organophosphonates0low10
oxazolidine0low10
17-ketosteroids0low30
indium0low10
sulfur0low10
phosphorus0low10
tiapridex0low10
jaw0low20
cardiovascular agents0low10
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid0low10
technetium tc 99m medronate0low20
eye0low20
leptin0low20

Protein Targets (486)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
acetylcholinesterase4004
pregnane X receptor3003
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
TDP1 protein9009
GLI family zinc finger 36006
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
AR protein9009
progesterone receptor6006
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]110011
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 18008
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha7007
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha100010
farnesoid X nuclear receptor4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor7007
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha100010
G3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor4004
arylsulfatase A6006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 27007
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
activating transcription factor 62002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
chromobox protein homolog 19009
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
geminin7007
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
lamin isoform A-delta105005
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit4004
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Glucocorticoid receptor04110
Sex hormone-binding globulin0022
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10404
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0303
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Androgen receptor0707
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0303
Glutamate receptor 24004
Glycine receptor subunit beta0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30404
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0404
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0505
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma6006
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
GLS protein6006
Smad31001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A14004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
aryl hydrocarbon receptor5005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 26006
peripheral myelin protein 224004
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2103
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4010011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120317
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90002
Bile salt export pump0404
Bile salt export pump011011
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 10319
Carbonic anhydrase 20318
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10012
Cytochrome P450 1A20102
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 30317
Cytochrome P450 3A40404
Cytochrome P450 2D60505
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0303
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12103
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22103
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32103
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40316
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 60316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62103
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0317
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20102
Carbonic anhydrase 70316
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Cytochrome P450 2J20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22103
Carbonic anhydrase 90317
GABA theta subunit2103
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
Carbonic anhydrase 150204
Carbonic anhydrase 130305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2103
Carbonic anhydrase 140317
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0317
toxin B0001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE4004
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Class Iii Chitinase Chia10101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain B, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
thioredoxin reductase4004
GALC protein1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 47007
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110102
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Renin0202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Cathepsin B0101
Steryl-sulfatase0102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0303
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2A60202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0303
Translocator protein0101
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Adenosine receptor A10102
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40001
Endochitinase0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0303
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor1102
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0102
D(2) dopamine receptor0303
Cholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0102
Squalene synthase0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10213
Renin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Endochitinase A10101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130214
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Acidic mammalian chitinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A 0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
USP1 protein, partial2002
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
cytochrome P450 2D66006
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Albumin0022
High affinity nerve growth factor receptor0123
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0404
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0404
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0505
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0101
Histamine H1 receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0404
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
Histamine H2 receptor3105
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0203
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Ataxin-24004
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0303
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit4004
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)5005
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
heat shock protein beta-11001
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0303
Alpha-synuclein2002
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10022
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 0101
NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 10011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50001
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I0101
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Amino acid transporter0101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE4004
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Luciferase2002
dopamine D1 receptor1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
snurportin-11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
Polyphenol oxidase 20001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Tyrosinase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d3003
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 70001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)2002
Histone H2A.x1001
Estrogen receptor0404
Cannabinoid receptor 10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0011
Myeloperoxidase0101
D0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0011
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Lactoperoxidase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
endonuclease IV2002
thioredoxin glutathione reductase2002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase0101
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
luciferase0001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 22002
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Androgen receptor0202
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 53003
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
nonstructural protein 11001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
Pyridoxal kinase0001
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Guanine deaminase0101
Cocaine esterase0101
Histone deacetylase 30202
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70102
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Histone deacetylase 40202
Histone deacetylase 10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 20202
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100202
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
Histone deacetylase 80202
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90202
Histone deacetylase 50202
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Vitamin D3 receptor0001
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Hsf1 protein0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]