| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "The outcome of long-term treatment of lupus nephritis under different immunotherapies, together with the factors affecting the outcome of lupus nephritis, was studied." | ( Hashimoto, H; Hirose, S; Kabasawa, K; Sugawara, M; Tsuda, H, 1992) |
| "In rapid-progressing lupus nephritis and long active lupus nephritis with the phenomena of renal failure, the positive effect can only be attained after combination of steroid pulse therapy and high doses of prednisolone per os or long intake of cytostatics per os or in the form of cytostatic pulses." | ( Ianushkevich, TN; Klepikov, PV, 1990) |
| "Described here is a patient with lupus nephritis accompanied by multi-organ disorders resistant to various therapies including methylprednisolone pulse therapy which responded dramatically to IVCY." | ( Arimori, S; Ichikawa, Y; Kurata, T; Moriuchi, J; Shimizu, H; Takaya, M, 1989) |
| "In 177 patients with lupus nephritis in the course of three decades three methods of immunotherapy were used the effect of which was evaluated retrospectively." | ( Lukác, J; Rovenský, J; Zitnan, D, 1989) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis with high dose prednisone alone or in combination with immunosuppressants did not result in differences in patient survival or renal function preservation." | ( Bronsveld, W; Nossent, JC; Swaak, AJ, 1989) |
| "In 12 patients with lupus nephritis who had a high receptor number (more than 100%), 9 patients (83%) showed improvement in their urinary findings after GC treatment." | ( Oshima, H, 1986) |
| "The treatment of severe lupus nephritis remains problematic." | ( Caillard, S; Ginsbourger, M; Martin, T; Pasquali, JL; Weber, JC, 1995) |
| "21 patients with severe active lupus nephritis (LN) were treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide monthly doses 0." | ( Czyz, W; Klinger, M; Rychlewska, B, 1994) |
| "As the presence of necrosis in cases of lupus nephritis means high immunological activity of the lesion and there is responsiveness to a large dose of steroids, extensive immunosuppressive therapy including methylprednisolone pulse therapy should be applied to these patients." | ( Hayashi, Y; Kashihara, N; Kira, S; Makino, H; Ota, Z; Shikata, K; Yamasaki, Y, 1994) |
| "The indications for treatment were: lupus nephritis refractory to treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (one patient), nephrosis syndrome or lupus nephritis associated with severe cytopenia and refractory to corticosteroid treatment (5 patients), severe thrombocytopenia refractory to conventional treatments (one patient)." | ( Gergely, P, 1994) |
| "41 active lupus nephritis patients were treated vigorously with cyclophosphamide (CTX), steroid used as routine, as well as TCM administered according to the various disease stage." | ( Ruan, J; Ye, RG, 1994) |
| "Proteinuria observed in active phases of lupus nephritis has disappeared by therapy in all but two exceptions: these two children were complicated with nephrotic syndrome." | ( Aihara, Y; Ibe, M; Kuriyama, T; Mitsuda, T; Mori, M; Yokota, S, 1994) |
| "Intermittent intravenous therapy in lupus nephritis with cyclophosphamide can significantly increase levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, C3 and C4, and keep renal function stable." | ( Chang, DM; Chang, ML; Chen, CM; Chu, SJ; Hsu, CM; Kuo, SY, 1994) |
| "Steroid therapy for lupus nephritis prevented short-term progression of glomerulosclerosis and did not accelerate glomerulosclerosis." | ( Kashihara, N; Makino, H; Ogura, T; Ota, Z; Shikata, K; Sugiyama, H; Yamasaki, Y, 1995) |
| "Twenty-one patients with Lupus Nephritis (LN) were treated with cyclosporine-A (CsA) for three months." | ( Cui, X; Guo, Z; Lin, M; Yao, Q; Zheng, X; Zhou, G, 1995) |
| "Ten anemic patients with lupus nephritis were treated with 50 IU rHuEPO (Eprex) per kg body weight three times a week during a five week period." | ( Csipõ, I; Kávai, M; Kiss, E; Szegedi, G, 1998) |
| "The very long-term outlook of lupus nephritis, especially its more severe forms, has improved, but that with current management strategies only a minority of patients are able to stop treatment altogether, and the incidence of serious complications is high." | ( Bono, L; Cameron, JS; Hicks, JA, 1999) |
| "Eleven patients with lupus nephritis (LN) resistant to conventional therapy (serum creatinine level < or = 2." | ( Funauchi, M; Hamada, K; Ikoma, S; Kanamaru, A; Kinoshita, K; Ohno, M; Sugiyama, M; Yu, H, 1998) |
| "The optimal therapy for pure membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) with nephrotic syndrome remains controversial." | ( Chan, KW; Chan, TM; Hao, WK; Lai, KN; Li, FK; Lui, SL; Tang, S, 1999) |
| "Sixteen children with lupus nephritis were treated with IVCY for 36 months." | ( Lehman, TJ; Onel, K, 2000) |
| "There are many treatment methods for lupus nephritis, including high-dose steroids, pulse methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide therapy." | ( Chen, YC; Cheng, TT; Lai, HM; Wu, CH, 2000) |
| "Treatment of severe lupus nephritis in children with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide is associated with favorable short term results." | ( Tangnararatchakit, K; Tapaneya-Olarn, C; Tapaneya-Olarn, W, 1999) |
| "A cohort of 71 patients with lupus nephritis who had initial renal biopsies (Bx1) with systematic second biopsies (Bx2) at six months after induction therapy was studied, with a large number of light microscopic and IF variables evaluated." | ( Delahousse, M; Hill, GS; Méry, JP; Mignon, F; Nochy, D; Rémy, P; Tomkiewicz, E, 2000) |
| "Renal biopsies from 71 patients with lupus nephritis with an initial biopsy (Bx1) and systematic control biopsy (Bx2) after six months of therapy were studied." | ( Bariéty, J; Delahousse, M; Hill, GS; Méry, JP; Mignon, F; Nochy, D; Rémy, P, 2001) |
| "Significant advances in the treatment of lupus nephritis have been made in the last 50 years, beginning with the use of high doses of corticosteroids." | ( Ginzler, EM, 2001) |
| "Approaches to the treatment of lupus nephritis include immunosuppressants associated with anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly steroids, which, however, cause major side effects." | ( Abbate, M; Benigni, A; Casiraghi, F; Corna, D; Noris, M; Pagnoncelli, M; Remuzzi, G; Rottoli, D; Zoja, C, 2001) |
| "Changes of activity index (AI) of lupus nephritis, urinary protein (UP), plasma albumin (PA), blood lipid (BL) of the patients before and after treatment were observed and compared." | ( Wu, K; Wu, Q; Ye, R, 1998) |
| "Controlled trials in lupus nephritis have demonstrated that cyclophosphamide therapy is superior to corticosteroid therapy alone." | ( Austin, HA; Balow, JE; Boumpas, DT; Collins, L; Crane, M; Danning, CL; Gourley, MF; Illei, GG; Klippel, JH; Kuroiwa, T; Steinberg, AD; Vaughan, EM; Yarboro, CH, 2001) |
| "Eleven children with various forms of lupus nephritis were treated with oral MMF at a mean dose of 22 mg/kg/day (range 17-42) for a mean of 9." | ( Bartosh, S; Buratti, S; Reiff, A; Spencer, CH; Szer, IS, 2001) |
| "Six Japanese children with severe lupus nephritis received prompt initiation of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT)." | ( Tanaka, H; Tateyama, T; Waga, S, 2001) |
| "This may be useful in the design of lupus nephritis therapy." | ( Dong, X; Guan, W; Huang, F; Huang, L; Jiang, T; Liu, S; Sun, Y; Tan, M; Zhou, F, 2001) |
| "The treatment of severe lupus nephritis is based on the combination of steroids and cytotoxic drugs." | ( Alvarez, L; Gil, CM; Jiménez del Cerro, LA; Olivares, J; Rivera, F, 2002) |
| "Renal biopsies from 71 patients with lupus nephritis with an initial biopsy (Bx1) and systematic control biopsy (Bx2) after six months of therapy, as well as subsequent biopsies for clinical indications, were studied." | ( Bariéty, J; Delahousse, M; Glotz, D; Hill, GS; Nochy, D; Rémy, P; Thervet, E; Vrtovsnik, F, 2002) |
| "The optimal treatment of severe lupus nephritis is unclear." | ( Lai, KN; Mok, CC, 2002) |
| "Different types of lupus nephritis were documented in 42 patients and were treated with standard therapeutic protocols (corticosteroids, the pulse dose of cyclophosphamide + corticosteroids) and cyclosporine in the target serum concentration of 100-120 ng/ml along with pronisone of 15-20 mg per day." | ( Dimitrijević, J; Novicić-Sasić, D; Palić-Obradović, D; Pavlović, S; Petrović, R; Prodanović, S; Stevanović, G; Stojanović, R; Stojković, D, 2002) |
| "Silent lupus nephritis (SLN) was investigated in 42 renal asymptomatic patients and compared with 49 untreated patients with overt lupus nephropathy (OLN)." | ( Atahualpa Pinto, J; Bianco, NE; Daboin, I; Tápanes, F; Vargas-Arenas, RE; Zabaleta-Lanz, M, 2003) |
| "Nine children with severe active lupus nephritis were enrolled in a treatment regimen of monthly intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide (0." | ( Al Salloum, AA, 2003) |
| "Women's treatment preferences for lupus nephritis vary widely even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and disease severity." | ( Bogardus, ST; Fraenkel, L; Wittink, DR, 2003) |
| "We report a 19-year old woman with lupus nephritis and nephrotic syndrome who had not achieved complete remission after treatment with 15." | ( Avanzi, GC; Bartoli, E; Fra, GP, 2003) |
| "To relieve disease flare of lupus nephritis, a prospective pilot study of oral MZR pulse therapy (a phase II trial) is conducted as an alternative therapy to dose up of corticosteroids." | ( Ito, E; Nakahata, T; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, H; Tsugawa, K; Waga, S, 2003) |
| "Fifty-nine patients with lupus nephritis (12 in World Health Organization class III, 46 in class IV, and 1 in class Vb) received induction therapy consisting of a maximum of seven monthly boluses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (0." | ( Contreras, G; Leclercq, B; Lenz, O; O'Nan, P; Pardo, V; Roth, D; Tozman, E, 2004) |
| "For patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, short-term therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine appears to be more efficacious and safer than long-term therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide." | ( Contreras, G; Leclercq, B; Lenz, O; O'Nan, P; Pardo, V; Roth, D; Tozman, E, 2004) |
| "Sixty-two patients with proliferative lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide were genotyped for common variant alleles of CYP2B6, 2C19, 2C9, and 3A5." | ( Arefayene, M; Balow, JE; Boumpas, DT; Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Illei, GG; Takada, K; Yarboro, CH, 2004) |
| "Proteinuria in 8 patients with lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide was monitored by total protein excretion and U pr:cr ratio in 24-h urine collections." | ( Astor, BC; Christopher-Stine, L; Fine, D; Petri, M, 2004) |
| "In the 4 patients with lupus nephritis, proteinuria decreased significantly within 1 week after initiation of therapy and was diminished by > or = 60% within 8 weeks, remaining at low levels until the end of the observation period (at least several months)." | ( Aringer, M; Graninger, WB; Smolen, JS; Steiner, G, 2004) |
| "Proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis World Health Organization Class III and IV patients should benefit from an induction and maintenance therapy with a combined immunosuppressive treatment." | ( Deray, G; Mercadal, L, 2004) |
| "The optimal treatment for lupus nephritis in the pubertal age group is still unclear." | ( Ito, E; Nakahata, T; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, H; Tsugawa, K; Tsuruga, K; Waga, S, 2004) |
| "For patients with lupus nephritis, a 24-month course of intravenous cyclophosphamide has been advocated as the 'golden' standard of therapy." | ( Wetzels, JF, 2004) |
| "Optimal care of lupus nephritis patients should include the treatment of proteinuria and hypertension, other measures to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease, the vigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors and finally, the treatment of advanced chronic kidney disease and its consequences." | ( Jadoul, M, 2005) |
| "For the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis, long-term cyclophosphamide (CY) regimens are efficacious, however, at the expense of substantial toxicity." | ( Contreras, G; Metz, D; Nahar, N; Tozman, E, 2005) |
| "Recent immunosuppressive treatments for lupus nephritis have improved renal survival rate, however, there still exists lupus nephritis refractory to these treatments." | ( Kanda, H; Kubo, K; Mimura, T; Sato, K; Tateishi, S; Yamamoto, K; Yonezumi, A, 2005) |
| "Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (World Health Organization class IV), the most ominous variant, has traditionally been treated with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids." | ( Fine, DM, 2005) |
| "In conclusion, IFN-beta treatment of lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice is remarkably beneficial and suggests that IFN-beta may be an appealing therapeutic candidate for subtypes of human lupus." | ( Brenner, W; Galle, PR; Hansen, T; Kelley, VR; Menke, J; Paul, K; Relle, M; Schwarting, A; Tschirner, S, 2005) |
| "Eight children with severe lupus nephritis were treated with IC monthly for 6 months and then every 3 months, totaling 24 months." | ( Chiu, SJ; Huang, JL; Hung, IJ; Ou, LS; Tsai, TL, 2006) |
| "The therapy of severe lupus nephritis (LN) consists of high-dose steroids and immunosuppressive agents, usually cyclophosphamide." | ( Flores-Suárez, LF, 2006) |
| "Herein, we describe a patient with lupus nephritis treated with an immunoglobulin preparation containing maltose who developed ARF with histologic changes characterized by vacuolization and swelling of renal proximal tubular cells." | ( Balakrishnan, N; Chacko, B; Jacob, CK; John, GT; Kirubakaran, MG, 2006) |
| "Improved patient survival following lupus nephritis with the institution of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and renal replacement therapy allows greater emphasis on long-term management issues." | ( Dooley, MA, 2006) |
| "Key aims of the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) are to induce and maintain remission with minimal side effects." | ( Crozier, J; Edwards, RJ; Lightstone, L; Mosley, K; Pusey, CD; Tam, FW, 2006) |
| "As long-term outcomes in lupus nephritis improve, the toxicity of therapy and risk of relapse become increasingly important determinants of the choice of therapeutic agents." | ( Dooley, MA; Falk, RJ, 2007) |
| "Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality unless aggressive immunosuppressive therapy is initiated early in the course of the disease." | ( Hotta, O; Kanno, A; Taguma, Y; Yusa, N, 2007) |
| "Seven female patients with proliferative lupus nephritis were treated with rituximab in combination with CYC." | ( Gunnarsson, I; Henriksson, EW; Jacobson, SH; Jónsdóttir, T; Sundelin, B; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2007) |
| "For patients with proliferative lupus nephritis who fail to respond to conventional immunosuppressive therapy including CYC, combined treatment with rituximab and CYC may constitute a new treatment option." | ( Gunnarsson, I; Henriksson, EW; Jacobson, SH; Jónsdóttir, T; Sundelin, B; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2007) |
| "The optimal therapy for lupus nephritis (LN), including the role of cyclosporine (CsA), still lacks scientifically valid clinical experience." | ( Dostal, C; Honsova, E; Jancova, E; Maixnerova, D; Merta, M; Rihova, Z; Rysava, R; Tesar, V; Vankova, Z, 2007) |
| "The ideal therapy for lupus nephritis should reduce mortality and end-stage renal disease in the long term, induce early response and remission, prevent flares, have minimal side-effects and not compromise fertility." | ( Houssiau, F, 2007) |
| "The management of lupus nephritis is typified by popular misconceptions: that there is a 'standard of care', that treatment has well-defined aims and that the optimum length of treatment is established." | ( Jayne, D, 2007) |
| "Therapeutic options to prevent damage in lupus nephritis include non-immunosuppressive treatments aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk (such as statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin)." | ( Schneider, M, 2007) |
| "The main goal of therapy for lupus nephritis is to achieve remission, as this has a major impact on patient and renal survival." | ( Haubitz, M, 2007) |
| "To assess outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis treated with immunosuppressives compared to those treated with cyclophosphamide in a cohort study and in a matched cohort study." | ( Ali, Y; Gladman, DD; Ibañez, D; Urowitz, MB, 2007) |
| "Two Japanese patients with severe lupus nephritis (WHO class IV-G) who were administered long-term intermittent MZR pulse therapy, and in whom pre- and post-treatment renal biopsies were reported." | ( Ito, E; Oki, ES; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, H; Tsugawa, K; Tsuruga, K, 2007) |
| "We will describe six patients with Lupus Nephritis class IV and V (OMS Classification), that what different causes they must be treated with MMF like rescue drug." | ( Avila López, GE; Dotto, BH; Pretini, VB; Sanchez Freytes, M; Sesín, AM; Sesín, J; Vergottini, JC, 2006) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil compared with cyclophosphamide reduces the risk for failure to induce remission during induction therapy and may reduce the risk for death or end-stage renal disease." | ( Hemmelgarn, BR; James, M; Jayne, D; Manns, BJ; Tonelli, M; Walsh, M, 2007) |
| "A cohort of 75 patients with lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide was conducted to investigate the evolution of creatinine levels between Caucasians and Afro-descendants." | ( de Castro, WP; Edelweiss, MI; Gonçalves, LF; Graudenz, M; Morales, JV; Wagner, MB, 2007) |
| "We treated three groups of patients with lupus nephritis: the first group of patients had a high histologic activity index (AI), 13." | ( Dzikova, S; Grcevska, L; Polenakovic, M; Popovska, MM; Ristovska, V, 2007) |
| "Two patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were treated using SDSC-IAT concomitant with immunosuppressive therapy." | ( Harada, K; Takahashi, S; Wada, N, 2007) |
| "Among patients with lupus nephritis, those with proliferative lesions had higher NOx levels, and higher NOx levels were associated with accumulation of renal damage and lack of response to therapy." | ( Gilkeson, GS; Oates, JC; Self, SE; Shaftman, SR, 2008) |
| "The established treatment of lupus nephritis with aggressive immunosuppression, based on cyclophosphamide and steroids, has improved the outcome of lupus nephritis, but is burdened with significant adverse effects." | ( Remuzzi, G; Schieppati, A, 2008) |
| "Although recent studies on adults with lupus nephritis indicate that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may be effective in maintaining remission for patients who previously received short-term intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) induction therapy, the experience with the new immunosuppressive agent in children with severe lupus nephritis has not been as satisfactory thus far." | ( Fujinaga, S; Hara, S; Kaneko, K; Ohtomo, Y; Shimizu, T; Someya, T; Umino, D, 2008) |
| "The ideal treatment of lupus nephritis has yet to be defined." | ( Chan, SF; Lo, KY; Lo, MW; Mak, SK; Tong, GM; Wong, AK; Wong, PN, 2008) |
| "This review on the management of lupus nephritis is based on the results of randomized clinical trials, and discusses the principles of treatment and the current options for induction and maintenance therapy." | ( Ginzler, EM; Houssiau, FA, 2008) |
| "Treatment of class V+IV lupus nephritis remains unsatisfactory despite the progress made in the treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis." | ( Bao, H; Hu, WX; Li, LS; Liu, ZH; Xie, HL; Zhang, HT, 2008) |
| "Eighteen patients with biopsy-confirmed lupus nephritis who were receiving maintenance therapy with mycophenolic acid for at least 2 weeks." | ( Dooley, MA; Falk, RJ; Hilliard, T; Hogan, SL; Hu, Y; Joy, MS; Smith, PC, 2009) |
| "Standard treatment for lupus nephritis, including corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, is efficient but is still associated with refractory or relapsing disease, or severe deleterious effects." | ( Belenfant, X; Boffa, JJ; Brocheriou, I; Candon, S; Daugas, E; Elie, C; Fakhouri, F; Jacquot, C; Karras, A; Knebelmann, B; Lesavre, P; Masse, V; Melander, C; Noël, LH; Pillebout, E; Rémy, P; Sallée, M; Trolliet, P; Zarrouk, V, 2009) |
| "Rituximab was given for lupus nephritis refractory to standard treatment (12 cases), for relapsing disease (6 cases), or as first-line treatment (2 cases)." | ( Belenfant, X; Boffa, JJ; Brocheriou, I; Candon, S; Daugas, E; Elie, C; Fakhouri, F; Jacquot, C; Karras, A; Knebelmann, B; Lesavre, P; Masse, V; Melander, C; Noël, LH; Pillebout, E; Rémy, P; Sallée, M; Trolliet, P; Zarrouk, V, 2009) |
| "Patients with active lupus nephritis (renal biopsy class III, IV, or V) were recruited for the study (n = 370) and treated with mycophenolate mofetil (target dosage 3 gm/day) or intravenous cyclophosphamide (0." | ( Dooley, MA; Ginzler, EM; Gordon, C; Isenberg, D; Lisk, L; Wofsy, D, 2010) |
| "We studied 36 lupus nephritis patients who were treated with MMF." | ( Liu, MF; Weng, CT; Weng, MY, 2010) |
| "Patients with lupus nephritis receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) therapy were divided into groups according to their clinical course, and the long-term prognosis was evaluated." | ( Amano, H; Hashimoto, H; Isonuma, H; Matsuyama, N; Morimoto, S; Nozawa, K; Takasaki, Y; Tokano, Y, 2010) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis has changed significantly over the past decade in large part because of data from well-conducted randomized clinical trials." | ( Appel, GB; Bomback, AS, 2010) |
| "Eight patients with refractory lupus nephritis received rituximab after failing standard sequential therapy and were followed for 104 weeks after the infusion." | ( Arce-Salinas, CA; Gómez-Vargas, JI; Rodríguez-García, F, 2012) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis has evolved over the past few decades." | ( Askanase, A; Shum, K, 2011) |
| "In the 10 patients with lupus nephritis, urinary NAG before treatment was 16." | ( Bob, F; Bozdog, G; Cioca, D; Gadalean, F; Gluhovschi, C; Gluhovschi, G; Kaycsa, A; Marian, R; Petrica, L; Velciov, S; Vernic, C, 2012) |
| "The treatment of membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) is still controversial in the literature." | ( Alves de Brito, G; Bitencourt Dias, C; Dos Santos Silva, V; Gera Abrão, J; Malafronte, P; Pinheiro, CC; Titan, S; Toledo Barros, R; Woronik, V, 2011) |
| "Despite highly expensive treatments, lupus nephritis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with relapsing or refractory lupus nephritis." | ( Aflaki, E; Azad, F; Dehghanzadeh, GR; Khajehdehi, P; Malekmakan, L; Nazarinia, M; Zanjaninejad, B, 2012) |
| "The initial treatment of lupus nephritis is usually based on a renal biopsy." | ( Kamadana, S; McKinley, A; Nadasdy, T; Nagaraja, HN; Prosek, J; Rovin, BH; Song, H; Zhang, X, 2012) |
| "Creativity in treating lupus nephritis is needed; one regimen does not fit all." | ( Appel, GB, 2012) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) with cyclophosphamide (CYC) is effective but retains a certain severe adverse effect." | ( Chen, J; Chen, Y; He, X; Li, Q; Li, X; Qu, L; Wang, H; Wang, R; Wang, S; Wu, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, X, 2012) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis has seen significant advances during the past decade mainly due to the publication of well-designed randomized clinical trials (RCTs)." | ( Boumpas, DT; Fanouriakis, A; Krasoudaki, E; Tzanakakis, M, 2012) |
| "Therapy of lupus nephritis should be individually tailored; more aggressive therapy should be reserved for patients at high risk for renal dysfunction and its progression." | ( Hruskova, Z; Tesar, V, 2012) |
| "Severe lupus nephritis is an aggressive disease that requires an aggressive approach to treatment." | ( Brunetta, P; Chan, TM; Ginzler, EM; Hebert, LA; Hooi, LS; Maciuca, R; Mok, CC; Parikh, SV; Rovin, BH; Solomons, N, 2013) |
| "The prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN) has improved since the introduction of immunosuppressant therapies, but the safety and effectiveness of treatments can also be improved." | ( Kishimoto, M; Nomura, A; Ohara, Y; Okada, M; Rokutanda, R; Shimizu, H; Suyama, Y; Yamaguchi, K, 2012) |
| "Serum samples from active lupus nephritis and at 6 months post-treatment were obtained." | ( Avihingsanon, Y; Benjachat, T; Eiam-ong, S; Hirankarn, N; Kittikowit, W; Leelahavanichkul, A; Somparn, P; Tantivitayakul, P; Treamtrakanpon, W, 2012) |
| "Sixteen patients with lupus nephritis and treatment with low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by MMF were included." | ( Berger, SP; Daleboudt, GM; de Fijter, JW; den Hartigh, J; Huizinga, TW; Rabelink, AJ; Reinders, ME, 2013) |
| "The optimal long-term treatment for lupus nephritis (LN) in pubertal patients remains to be determined." | ( Aizawa-Yashiro, T; Ito, E; Kumagai, N; Oki, E; Tanaka, H; Tsuruga, K; Watanabe, S, 2012) |
| "A substantial number of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) are refractory to conventional glucocorticoid (GC) treatment." | ( Amano, K; Chino, K; Ito, T; Kato, H; Kondo, T; Kurasawa, T; Nagasawa, H; Nishi, E; Nishimura, K; Ogawa, H; Okuyama, A; Sakai, R; Shibata, A; Takei, H, 2013) |
| "Conventional lupus nephritis (LN) treatment based on cyclophosphamide, steroids and, recently, mycophenolatemofetil has improved the outcome of the disease over the last 50 years, although failure to achieve remission or treatment resistance has been reported in 18-57% of patients." | ( Grinyó, JM; Merino, A; Ripoll, È; Torras, J, 2013) |
| "Recent lupus nephritis clinical trials applied biologics or small molecules of any category to induction treatment, seeking short-term end points of complete renal response." | ( Parikh, SV; Rovin, BH, 2014) |
| "Reports of using tacrolimus to treat lupus nephritis in pregnancy are limited." | ( Bramham, K; Lightstone, L; Nelson-Piercy, C; Wardle, A; Webster, L; Webster, P, 2014) |
| "Patients with active lupus nephritis are at higher risk of developing renal failure, activity markers and urine protein are elevated in these patients as compared to inactive patients, early aggressive immunosuppressive treatment needs to be started to prevent end-stage renal failure." | ( Brugos, B; Sebestyen, L; Tarr, T; Vincze, Z, 2014) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging." | ( Bao, H; Chen, J; Chen, N; Fu, P; Gu, Y; He, Y; Hu, W; Li, Y; Lin, H; Liu, F; Liu, Z; Miao, L; Ni, Z; Shi, W; Xing, C; Zeng, C; Zhang, H; Zhou, M, 2015) |
| "Despite its aggressive course, lupus nephritis is amenable to treatment in the majority of patients." | ( Chan, TM, 2015) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis is still an unmet medical need requiring new therapeutic approaches." | ( Frese, S; Frese-Schaper, M; Keil, A; Körner, M; Schmid, RA; Steiner, SK, 2015) |
| "We present a patient who suffered two lupus nephritis episodes in 5 years, achieving complete remission with treatment after both of them, but with C3 levels persistently below normal range." | ( Álvarez-Doforno, R; de Córdoba, SR; Garrido, S; López-Trascasa, M; Martínez-Ara, J; Nozal, P; Picazo, ML; Pinto, S; Yébenes, L, 2015) |
| "The mouse model of lupus nephritis was treated with B7‑1 shRNA and 4E5 via injection through the tail vein." | ( Huang, L; Kong, Y; Qiu, YH; Shi, Q; Sun, J; Wang, J, 2015) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis is more evidenced-based than ever." | ( Houssiau, FA, 2016) |
| "The management of lupus nephritis (LN) has changed significantly over the last 10 years due to emerging evidence from large randomised clinical trials that produced good quality data and guided the formulation of two key concepts: the induction of remission and the maintenance phase of immunosuppressive therapy." | ( Isenberg, D; Ntatsaki, E; Velo-García, A, 2016) |
| "To clarify the mechanisms underlying lupus nephritis (LN) amelioration following bortezomib treatment." | ( Matsuki-Muramoto, Y; Nozawa, K; Sekigawa, I; Takasaki, Y; Uomori, K, 2017) |
| "As a result, maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis with an extended course of CYC pulses has largely been replaced by other immunosuppressive agents such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine." | ( Mok, CC, 2016) |
| "Induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis still requires the use of unselective immunosuppressive drugs with significant toxicities." | ( Anders, HJ; Devarapu, SK; Eulberg, D; Klussmann, S; Kulkarni, OP; Kumar Vr, S; Rupanagudi, KV, 2016) |
| "Optimal treatment for pure membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) remains unknown." | ( Córdova-Sánchez, BM; Correa-Rotter, R; Mejía-Vilet, JM; Uribe-Uribe, NO, 2016) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis greatly improved in the last decades; mycofenolate mofetil has become an alternative of cyclophosphamide both in remission induction and as a maintenance regimen as well in the treatment of Class III and IV glomerulonephritis." | ( Kiss, E; Szabó, MZ, 2016) |
| "To compare benefits and harms of lupus nephritis (LN) induction and maintenance treatments." | ( Grossman, J; Hossain, A; Kotb, A; Mudano, AS; Oliveira, A; Singh, JA; Wells, GA; Winthrop, K, 2016) |
| "Proliferative lupus nephritis is one of the most serious manifestation and requires rapid recognition and treatment." | ( Fine, DM; Monroy Trujillo, JM, 2016) |
| "How one responds to treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) is based on clinical features, but the activity in renal biopsy (RB) is uncertain." | ( Abellana, RM; Arrizabalaga, P; Cervera, R; Espinosa, G; Piñeiro, GJ; Solé, M, 2016) |
| "Objective The treatment of refractory lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging for clinicians because these patients either do not respond to conventional therapy or relapse during the maintenance treatment period." | ( Hou, J; Hu, W; Huang, L; Huang, X; Liu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhou, M, 2017) |
| "Although juvenile-onset proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, there is no clinical trials-based evidence to support the treatment effectiveness of any therapy for juvenile-onset PLN." | ( Beyene, J; Brown, PE; Feldman, BM; Pullenayegum, E; Silverman, ED; Tian, SY, 2017) |
| "After her lupus nephritis symptoms worsened, both high-dose steroid and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy were administered." | ( Fukunaga, M; Hirai, T; Ikeda, K; Morimoto, S; Nakajima, S; Sekigawa, I; Tamura, N; Tanji, K; Tomita, S; Uomori, K, 2017) |
| "A renal biopsy confirmed class V lupus nephritis and treatment had included systemic steroids and cyclophosphamide." | ( Azevedo, THV; Consoli, RV; Couto, ACD; Dias, AFMP; Neiva, CLS; Souza, EJR, 2017) |
| "The BC followed international lupus nephritis guidelines, combining high-dose prednisone and either mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide, followed by maintenance therapy with low dose prednisone and immunosuppressive drugs." | ( Blanco, P; Couzi, L; Iza, A; Lazaro, E; Porta, S; Richez, C; Ruiz-Irastorza, G; Saenz, R; Saint-Pastou Terrier, C; Ugarte, A, 2017) |
| "To study the response of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with persistent proteinuria (≥ 1 g/day after ≥ 6 months corticosteroid and single immunosuppressant treatment, or ≥ 3 g/day after ≥ 3 months of corticosteroid and single immunosuppressant treatment) to corticosteroid combined with two immunosuppressants, and to evaluate associated factors of response within 1 year." | ( Boripatkosol, P; Kasitanon, N; Louthrenoo, W, 2018) |
| "Standard induction therapy for lupus nephritis (LN) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or cyclophosphamide (CYC) is often ineffective." | ( da Silva, JAP; Inês, L; Jesus, D; Rodrigues, M, 2018) |
| "The treatment of Lupus Nephritis (LN) is an unmet need in the management of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)." | ( Afeltra, A; Basta, F; Batani, V; Margiotta, DPE, 2018) |
| "A total of 99 patients with class III-V lupus nephritis (LN) and treated with CYC or MMF were enrolled." | ( Bae, SC; Bang, SY; Joo, YB; Kang, YM; Kim, HA; Kim, TJ; Lee, HS; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Park, YW; Suh, CH; Yoo, DH, 2018) |
| "We speculated that lupus nephritis was induced by estrogens and antiandrogen therapy and gonadectomy." | ( Camilo, DT; De Bortoli, MR; Luchi, WM; Pontes, LT; Santos, RSS, 2018) |
| "Background/aim: Multitarget therapy for lupus nephritis (LN) remains in its exploratory phrase and the recent evidence is insufficient." | ( Deng, J; Luo, L; Xie, H; Zhu, L, 2018) |
| "The standard strategy for treating lupus nephritis comprises glucocorticoids together with either intravenous cyclophosphamide or oral mycophenolate mofetil, but the low remission rate is still a challenge in practice." | ( An, Y; Bi, L; Deng, X; Guo, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, B; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Mei, Y; Shen, H; Sun, L; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Xiao, W; Xie, R; Xu, D; Xu, H; Yang, X; Yao, Z; Yu, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, M; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Y; Zhu, P; Zuo, X, 2019) |
| "A total of 191 lupus nephritis patients were randomized to follow a combined immunosuppressive treatment (CIST) with intravenous cyclophosphamide, an oral immunosuppressive agent, namely mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine or leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine (n = 95), or receive intravenous cyclophosphamide alone (n = 96) for 24 weeks." | ( An, Y; Bi, L; Deng, X; Guo, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, B; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Mei, Y; Shen, H; Sun, L; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Xiao, W; Xie, R; Xu, D; Xu, H; Yang, X; Yao, Z; Yu, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, M; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Y; Zhu, P; Zuo, X, 2019) |
| "Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial." | ( Deng, J; Luo, L; Xie, H; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| "Infection is an important concern in lupus nephritis treatment, but few studies have focused on this complication." | ( Chan, TM; Thong, KM, 2019) |
| "The occurrence and progression of lupus nephritis (LN) is the end result of complex interactions between regulation of immune responses and pathological process by renal resident cells, but there is still a lot of missing information for establishing the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of LN, and as a therapy target." | ( Klionsky, DJ; Zhang, H; Zhou, XJ, 2019) |
| "We analyzed 14 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who were given MMF, and 13 patients who received monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) as induction therapy, and a further 19 patients without LN who were treated with MMF, and 13 patients who took tacrolimus (TAC) to reduce glucocorticoid dosages." | ( Kaburaki, M; Kaneko, K; Kawai, S; Kawazoe, M; Masuoka, S; Mizutani, S; Muraoka, S; Nanki, T; Sato, H; Shikano, K; Yamada, S; Yamada, Z, 2019) |
| "Refractory lupus nephritis indicates an inadequate response to lupus nephritis therapy." | ( Brezina, B; Gauckler, P; Jayne, DRW; Kronbichler, A; Quintana, LF, 2019) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis class III, IV and V with immunosuppressive therapy increases patient survival but poses a risk of infection-related mortality." | ( Prurapark, P; Rianthavorn, P, 2019) |
| "Treatment of accelerated and severe lupus nephritis (ASLN) mice with Tris DBA resulted in improved renal function, albuminuria, and pathology, including measurements of glomerular cell proliferation, cellular crescents, neutrophils, fibrinoid necrosis, and tubulointerstitial inflammation in the kidneys as well as scoring for glomerulonephritis activity." | ( Arbiser, JL; Chen, A; Chu, CL; Hua, KF; Ka, SM; Lin, YC; Liu, FC; Wu, CY; Yang, SM; Yang, SR; Yang, SS, 2020) |
| "Children presenting with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) are treated with intensified immunosuppressive protocols." | ( Beetz, R; Büscher, A; Gellermann, J; Haffner, D; Hennies, I; Holder, M; Hoyer, P; Klaus, G; Konrad, M; Lange-Sperandio, B; Oh, J; Pape, L; Rascher, W; Staude, H; Suhlrie, A; Tönshoff, B; Waldegger, S; Wygoda, S, 2020) |
| "To report the 10-year outcome of lupus nephritis (LN) treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or tacrolimus (TAC) induction in a randomised controlled trial." | ( Ho, LY; Leung, MC; Mok, CC; Ng, WL; To, CH; Ying, SKY, 2020) |
| "In adults with active lupus nephritis, the efficacy and safety of intravenous belimumab as compared with placebo, when added to standard therapy (mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide-azathioprine), are unknown." | ( Amoura, Z; Barnett, C; Burriss, SW; Contreras, G; Furie, R; Green, Y; Houssiau, F; Ji, B; Kleoudis, C; Malvar, A; Mok, CC; Roth, DA; Rovin, BH; Santiago, MB; Saxena, A; Teng, YKO; Yu, X, 2020) |
| "All patients received treatment as lupus nephritis protocol; only one case received induction with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone boluses, the rest received mycophenolic acid and prednisone as induction and maintenance." | ( Abud-Mendoza, C; Borjas-García, JA; Martínez-Galla, D; Ramírez-Gómez, LM; Ruiz-Leija, I, 2021) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis consists of six months of induction immunosuppression followed by years of maintenance immunosuppression." | ( Shrestha, S; Yadav, R, 2021) |
| "The current treatment paradigm in lupus nephritis consists of an initial phase aimed at inducing remission and a subsequent remission maintenance phase." | ( Houssiau, FA; Parodis, I, 2022) |
| "A 20-year-old lady with lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric lupus was treated with injection methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide." | ( Aggarwal, A; Chatterjee, R; Kharbanda, R; Marak, RSK; Mehndiratta, A, 2022) |
| "Treatment of lupus nephritis has evolved over the last several decades, but despite this evolution, many patients fail to achieve remission and often progress to end-stage kidney disease or carry a burden of adverse side effects related to treatment." | ( Asif, S; Auguste, B; Bargman, J, 2022) |
| "The prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN) has improved following the introduction of effective immunosuppressive therapy and progress in supportive care." | ( Fukuda, M; Hayashi, H; Hiromura, K; Ikeuchi, H; Ishikawa, E; Kamijo, Y; Maruyama, S; Mukoyama, M; Nakagawa, N; Nojima, Y; Sato, H; Sugiyama, H; Tsukamoto, T; Tsuruya, K; Uchida, K; Yamagata, K; Yokoyama, H, 2022) |
| "ASCT-treated refractory lupus nephritis (LN) has been reported." | ( Chen, W; Ge, Y; Guo, J; Hu, W; Huang, X; Ren, G; Yang, L; Zeng, C; Zhang, H; Zhao, L, 2022) |
| "Seventy adults with severe SLE including lupus nephritis will be randomized 1:1 to receive either standard of care consisting of prednisolone and mycophenolate as induction and maintenance treatment, or belimumab and rituximab combined with standard of care as induction treatment, followed by prednisolone and belimumab as maintenance treatment." | ( Arends, EJ; de Leeuw, K; Huizinga, TWJ; Limper, M; Rabelink, TJ; Rotmans, JI; Soonawala, D; Teng, YKO; Toes, REM; van Kooten, C; van Ommen, E; van Paassen, P; van Schaik, M, 2022) |
| "For active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC) is a standard therapy whereby mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is less effective than IVCYC, according to the clinical trials in non-Asians." | ( Kitumnuaypong, T; Lawanaskol, S; Phinyo, P; Pichaiwong, W, 2023) |
| "A 23-year-old male was diagnosed with lupus nephritis class III and was being treated with oral prednisone and tacrolimus." | ( Chen, J; Gao, P; Liu, S; Long, K; Lv, L; Ma, Y; Tao, T; Wu, L; Xu, Y; Yan, H; Zhang, S; Zhao, L; Zhi, L, 2023) |
| "In the treatment of lupus nephritis, conservative therapeutic measures for nephroprotection play a crucial role in renal prognosis." | ( Gödecke, V; Witte, T, 2023) |