Geraniin is a complex polyphenol found in geranium plants, particularly in the roots and leaves. It is known for its diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. While its exact biosynthesis pathway is not fully elucidated, it is believed to be derived from various phenolic precursors through enzymatic reactions. Geraniin's effects are attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and interfere with cell signaling pathways involved in tumor growth. Its potential therapeutic applications have garnered significant research interest, particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies exploring its mechanisms of action and potential clinical benefits are ongoing.'
Geraniin: in various plants; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 115063 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 13242673 |
| MeSH ID | M0083011 |
| PubMed CID | 3001497 |
| CHEMBL ID | 506069 |
| CHEBI ID | 5328 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 60976-49-0 |
| geraniin |
| beta-d-glucopyranose, cyclic 3,6-(4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,2'-dicarboxylate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), cyclic 2-2:4-1-ester with 2-(2-carboxy-4,5,6-trioxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid |
| beta-d-glucopyranose, cyclic 2-7:4-5-(3,6-dihydro-2,9,10,11,11-pentahydroxy-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2h-1-benzoxocin-5,7-dicarboxylate) cyclic 3,6-(4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,2'-dicarboxylate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), stereoisomer |
| nsc 359346 |
| S9396 |
| SCHEMBL13242673 |
| HY-N0472 |
| CS-0008997 |
| CCG-270591 |
| [(1r,38r)-1,13,14,15,18,19,20,34,35,39,39-undecahydroxy-2,5,10,23,31-pentaoxo-6,9,24,27,30,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[34.3.1.04,38.07,26.08,29.011,16.017,22.032,37]tetraconta-3,11,13,15,17,19,21,32,34,36-decaen-28-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate |
| (1,13,14,15,18,19,20,34,35,39,39-undecahydroxy-2,5,10,23,31-pentaoxo-6,9,24,27,30,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[34.3.1.04,38.07,26.08,29.011,16.017,22.032,37]tetraconta-3,11,13,15,17,19,21,32,34,36-decaen-28-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate |
| DTXSID101030289 |
| C10230 , |
| .beta.-d-glucopyranose, cyclic 2.fwdarw.7:4.fwdarw.5-(3,6-dihydro-2,9,10,11,11-pentahydroxy-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2h-1-benzoxocin-5,7-dicarboxylate)cyclic 3,6-(4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexahydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarboxylate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), stereoi |
| [undecahydroxy(pentaoxo)[?]yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate |
| bdbm50242278 |
| chebi:5328 , |
| geraniiin |
| CHEMBL506069 , |
| AKOS015965424 |
| JQQBXPCJFAKSPG-SVYIMCMUSA-N |
| Q-100702 |
| AC-8425 |
| Q5549854 |
| n-(4-carbethoxyphenyl)-n-4-(6-benzothiazole)amine |
Geraniin is an ellagitannin isolated from Phyllanthus amarus. Geraniin exhibits a wide range of pharmacological and physiological activities. It has anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial and antiviral activities.
Geraniin has been reported to induce apoptosis in multiple human cancers. The underlying mechanism is poorly defined. Geraniin possess potent antioxidative activity and exert protective effects on numerous cell types.
Geraniin was able to inhibit in vitro the Hsp90α ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with an inhibitory efficiency comparable to that measured for 17-AAG. Geraniin could generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate p38 MAPK then induce the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Geraniin at lower doses improved blood pressure and other metabolic parameters. " | ( Effects of geraniin (rambutan rind extract) on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in rats fed high-fat diet. Kadir, KA; Palanisamy, UD; Phang, SCW, 2019) | 2.35 |
| "Geraniin was able to inhibit in vitro the Hsp90α ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with an inhibitory efficiency comparable to that measured for 17-AAG." | ( Identification of the plant compound geraniin as a novel Hsp90 inhibitor. Dal Piaz, F; De Tommasi, N; Leone, A; Vaccaro, MC; Vassallo, A, 2013) | 1.38 |
| "Geraniin could generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate p38 MAPK then induce the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, such phenomena was abrogated by pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine." | ( Geraniin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 via ROS-mediated stimulation of p38 MAPK. Fu, YJ; Gao, C; Luo, M; Ma, WD; Wang, W; Xia, XX; Yao, LP; Zhai, JW; Zu, YG, 2016) | 2.6 |
Treatment of geraniin dosedependently upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Geraniin treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and enhanced body weight.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Geraniin treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and enhanced body weight." | ( Chemoprotective Effects of Geraniin against Azoxymethane Induced Colorectal Cancer by Reduction of Inflammatory Reaction. Lei, J; Wei, Y; Zhang, H; Zhou, R, 2021) | 1.64 |
| "Geraniin treatment improved the survival time of bone marrow cells and maintained bone marrow integrity and also up-regulated the expression of stem cell receptors and the extent of cell mitosis." | ( Geraniin Promotes Recovery of Hematopoietic Cells after Radiation Injury. Ahn, G; Bing, SJ; Cho, J; Herath, KHINM; Jee, Y; Kim, A; Lee, NH; Park, JW, 2017) | 2.62 |
| "Treatment of geraniin dosedependently upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1." | ( Geraniin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Chen, J; He, P; Jiang, L; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Tan, N, 2016) | 2.23 |
| "Treatment with geraniin caused induction of caspase-3 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner followed by proteolytic cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and DNA fragmentation factor 45." | ( Geraniin-mediated apoptosis by cleavage of focal adhesion kinase through up-regulation of Fas ligand expression in human melanoma cells. Chang, CS; Huang, LJ; Kao, JY; Kao, MC; Kuo, SC; Lee, JC; Lin, JK; Tsai, CY; Tsai, SC; Way, TD, 2008) | 2.13 |
| "Treatment with geraniin prior to application of okadaic acid, a tumor promoter on mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, reduced the percentage of tumor-bearing mice from 80.0 to 40.0% and the average numbers of tumor per mouse from 3.8 to 1.1 in week 20." | ( New TNF-alpha releasing inhibitors, geraniin and corilagin, in leaves of Acer nikoense, Megusurino-ki. Fujiki, H; Imayoshi, Y; Okabe, S; Suganuma, M; Taniguchi, S; Yoshida, T, 2001) | 0.93 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Dose-response curves were then obtained and analyzed after the co-administration of geraniin with morphine or diclofenac in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations based on specific fractions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8) of their respective ED50 values for the formalin test." | ( An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac. Abotsi, WKM; Agyare, C; Ameyaw, EO; Biney, RP; Boakye-Gyasi, E; Kasanga, EA; Woode, E, 2018) | 0.95 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| tannin | Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 400.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.5336 | 10.0000 | AID338980 |
| Squalene monooxygenase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 4.1000 | 0.0610 | 2.3446 | 10.0000 | AID357307 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| extracellular space | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular region | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular space | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| lysosome | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| endosome | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| plasma membrane | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| external side of plasma membrane | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| basal plasma membrane | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| brush border membrane | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| extracellular exosome | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| sperm midpiece | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| plasma membrane | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID648677 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as delay in paralysis at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1190048 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in ultimate load of third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID358166 | Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay | 1992 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8 | Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. |
| AID1240138 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival rate at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1240140 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival rate at 20 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID648681 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 FY0805 infected in human RD cells assessed as inhibition of infectious virus yeild at 20 ug/ml treated 2 hrs post infection measured after 32 to 72 hrs by TCID50 assay relative to control | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID648685 | Cytotoxicity against human RD cells | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID648676 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as delay in appearance of infection symptoms at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID648679 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as increase in survival rate at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1240146 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in Snail gene expression in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by qRT-PCR method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID338980 | Inhibition of ACE by fluorometric assay | |||
| AID1190041 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in bone mineral density of third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID358168 | Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay | 1992 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8 | Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. |
| AID1190058 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in trabecular number in third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1190016 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in serum calcium level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by colorimetric method relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400999 | Inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase-alpha activity using activated calf thymus DNA at 10 uM | |||
| AID1190051 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in trabecular thickness in left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400993 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 1000 uM | |||
| AID1240150 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced anoikis resistance in human A549 cells grown on poly-HEMA-coated tissue culture plates at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID620596 | Drug level in rat plasma at 5 mg after 6 hrs | 2011 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19 | In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A. |
| AID1190034 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in bone calcium content at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID648683 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 FY0805 infected in human RD cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect at 20 ug/ml treated 2 hrs post infection measured after 32 to 72 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis relative to contro | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID400989 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 0.1 uM | |||
| AID1240147 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in Snail protein expression in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID400994 | Inhibition of 1 unit of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as [3H}dTTP incorporation at 10 uM | |||
| AID358167 | Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay | 1992 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8 | Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. |
| AID641104 | Antiviral activity against Hepatitis C virus infected in human Huh7.5 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 96 hrs by quantitative RT-PCR analysis | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2 | Inhibitory effects of polyphenols toward HCV from the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L. |
| AID1240134 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth at 30 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1240141 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human A549 cells assessed as suppression of mesenchymal phenotype at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1190020 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in serum TRAP level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by colorimetric method relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID358165 | Cytotoxicity against human PRMI7951 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay | 1992 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8 | Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. |
| AID1190024 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in serum calcitonin level at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by RIA relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID357307 | Inhibition of C-terminal hexahistidine-tagged rat recombinant squalene epoxidase without N-terminal putative membrane domain expressed in Escherichia coli | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 64, Issue:8 | Ellagitannins and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters as inhibitors of vertebrate squalene epoxidase. |
| AID1190059 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in trabecular separation in third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400996 | Inhibition of 5 units of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as [3H}dTTP incorporation at 10 uM | |||
| AID740986 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as inhibition of fusion index at 10'-9 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1190017 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in serum phosphorus level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by colorimetric method relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1190052 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in trabecular number in left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400986 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 10 uM | |||
| AID1190031 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in femur wet weight at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240144 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in N-cadherin expression in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID648682 | Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human RD cells to IC50 for C4 type Human enterovirus 71 FY0805 | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID740978 | Reduction of MMP9 protein expression in rat osteoclasts assessed as reduction in mean optical density by immunocytochemistry analysis | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID400997 | Inhibition of 17 units of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as [3H}dTTP incorporation at 10 uM | |||
| AID648674 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as inhibition of viral replication in muscle at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 7 days by qRT-PCR analysis | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID741184 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as decrease in TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID358169 | Cytotoxicity against human TE671 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay | 1992 | Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8 | Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. |
| AID648684 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 FY0805 infected in human RD cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by plaque reduction assay | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1190053 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in trabecular separation in left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240136 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival rate at 2.5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID740984 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as inhibition of fusion index at 10'-10 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1190023 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in serum estradiol level at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by RIA relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240148 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced cell migration of human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM incubated for 48 hrs by wound healing assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID641102 | Inhibition of Hepatitic C virus NS3/4A protease by FRET assay | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2 | Inhibitory effects of polyphenols toward HCV from the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L. |
| AID1240135 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as effect on cell proliferation at =< 30 uM incubated for 24 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID400995 | Inhibition of 3 units of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as [3H}dTTP incorporation at 10 uM | |||
| AID1190028 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in urinary DPD/Cr level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by ELISA relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240139 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival rate at 15 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID741182 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as inhibition of fusion index at 10'-8 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1190047 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in ultimate load of left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1190019 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in serum ALP level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by colorimetric method relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240143 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced reduction in E-cadherin expression in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1190039 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in bone mineral density of left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID740980 | Reduction of MMP9 mRNA expression in rat osteoclasts assessed as reduction in mean optical density at 10'-8 mol/L by in situ hybridization assay | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID400988 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 1000 uM | |||
| AID740985 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as inhibition of fusion index at 10'-11 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID400985 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 1 uM | |||
| AID740983 | Inhibition of rat osteoclasts-induced resorption in bovine bone at 10'-8 mol/L co-cultured for 72 hrs using toluidine blue staining by SEM analysis | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1240152 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced anoikis resistance in human A549 cells grown on poly-HEMA-coated tissue culture plates assessed reduction in cell proliferation at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by SRB assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID641105 | Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2 | Inhibitory effects of polyphenols toward HCV from the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L. |
| AID641103 | Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human Huh7.5 cells to EC50 for Hepatitis C virus infected in human HuH7.5 cells | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2 | Inhibitory effects of polyphenols toward HCV from the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L. |
| AID1240145 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in vimentin expression in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID400990 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 1 uM | |||
| AID400991 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 10 uM | |||
| AID1240151 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced anoikis resistance in human A549 cells grown on poly-HEMA-coated tissue culture plates assessed reduction in PARP cleavage at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID741183 | Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat bone assessed as decrease in TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells at 10'-8 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1190027 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as decrease in serum CTX level at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by ELISA relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID648675 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as recovery at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID648678 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as increase in survival rate at 1 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1190040 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in bone mineral content of left femur at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400987 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 100 uM | |||
| AID740979 | Reduction of MMP9 mRNA expression in rat osteoclasts assessed as reduction in integral optical density at 10'-8 mol/L by in situ hybridization assay | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID1190032 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in femur dry weight at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID400984 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 0.1 uM | |||
| AID648672 | Toxicity in Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected ICR mouse at 0.4 to 1 mg/kg, ip qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1240149 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced cell invasion of human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM incubated for 48 hrs by matrigel cell invasion assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1190042 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in bone mineral content of third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID401001 | Inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase-alpha activity using activated calf thymus DNA at 1000 uM | |||
| AID1190057 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in trabecular thickness in third lumbar vertebra at 20 to 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks by histomorhological analysis relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1240137 | Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell survival rate at 5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID740987 | Reduction in number of pre-osteoclasts in Sprague-Dawley rat bone at 10'-8 mol/L after 72 hrs by microscopy | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID740981 | Inhibition of rat osteoclasts-induced resorption in bovine bone co-cultured for 72 hrs using toluidine blue staining by SEM analysis | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID648686 | Antiviral activity against C4 type Human enterovirus 71 MP10 infected in ICR mouse assessed as disappearance of ruffled hair at 0.4 mg/kg, ip administered 2 hrs post infection qd for 7 days measured up to 14 days | 2012 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6 | Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. |
| AID1240153 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in human A549 cells at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1873811 | Inhibition of amyloid beta 1 to 42 aggregation (unknown origin) incubated for 24 hrs by ThT fluorescence assay | 2022 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 68 | Chemical analysis of amyloid β aggregation inhibitors derived from Geranium thunbergii. |
| AID1240142 | Inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced reduction in E-cadherin expression in human A549 cells assessed as suppresion of mesenchymal phenotype at 15 and 20 uM pre-treated for 2 hrs before TGFbeta1 stimulation for 48 hrs by Western blot method | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17 | Geraniin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. |
| AID1190033 | Antiosteoporotic effect in OVX-induced Wistar rat osteoporosis model assessed as increase in femur ash weight at 40 mg/kg/day, ig administered for 2 weeks relative to control | 2015 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3 | Osteoprotective effect of geraniin against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. |
| AID1873809 | Inhibition of amyloid beta 1 to 42 aggregation (unknown origin) incubated for 24 hrs by inverted fluorescence microscopic analysis | 2022 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 68 | Chemical analysis of amyloid β aggregation inhibitors derived from Geranium thunbergii. |
| AID400998 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as DNA synthesis treated at 100 uM after 5 mins of initiation of DNA synthesis | |||
| AID740977 | Reduction of MMP9 protein expression in rat osteoclasts assessed as reduction in integral optical density by immunocytochemistry analysis | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| AID400992 | Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 100 uM | |||
| AID740982 | Reduction in number of resorption pits in rat osteoclasts-stimulated bovine bone at 10'-8 mol/L co-cultured for 72 hrs using toluidine blue staining by SEM analysis | 2013 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3 | Effects of geraniin on osteoclastic bone resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 5 (5.32) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (7.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 14 (14.89) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 49 (52.13) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 19 (20.21) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (36.38) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (1.06%) | 5.53% |
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2 (2.13%) | 6.00% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 91 (96.81%) | 84.16% |
| Other | 11 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||