sinomenine profile

sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Sinomenium	genus	A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain sinomenine, caffeine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, and other ALKALOIDS.[MeSH]	Menispermaceae	A plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members are mostly vines and shrubs and they contain isoquinoline alkaloids, some of which have been used as arrow poisons.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5459308
CHEMBL ID	248095
CHEBI ID	9163
SCHEMBL ID	363812
MeSH ID	M0053840

Synonym
BRD-K83459933-001-02-1
BCBCMAP01_000195
cucoline
kukoline
SMP1_000273
SPECTRUM5_001621
ccris 1550
sabianine a
brn 0095280
coculine
9-alpha,13-alpha,14-alpha-morphinan-6-one, 7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-
7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-9-alpha,13-alpha,14-alpha-morphinan-6-one
einecs 204-094-6
SPECTRUM4_001981
BSPBIO_002627
UPCMLD-DP085:001
sinomenine
115-53-7
C09643
UPCMLD-DP085
sinomenine, 0.3 mol chloroform of crystallization
NCGC00161641-01
KBIOGR_002508
KBIO3_002127
SPECTRUM3_001134
SPBIO_001144
SPECTRUM2_001242
SPECTRUM1505253
NCGC00161641-02
7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
bdbm50241298
CHEMBL248095 ,
chebi:9163 ,
AKOS000265568
63lt81k70n ,
5-21-13-00516 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-63lt81k70n
AKOS015960539
AKOS016023715
CCG-39100
NCGC00161641-04
S2359
sinomenine [mi]
sinomenine [who-dd]
sinomenin
morphinan-6-one, 7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-, (9.alpha.,13.alpha.,14.alpha.)-
INYYVPJSBIVGPH-QHRIQVFBSA-N
SCHEMBL363812
morphinan-6-one, 7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-, (9alpha,13alpha,14alpha)-
AC-8025
SR-05000002170-2
SR-05000002170-3
sr-05000002170
bdbm224031
np51
NCGC00161641-05
SW219295-1
SNM ,
BCP20032
(1r,9s,10r)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one
(1r,9s,10s)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one
3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-propionicacid
HY-15122
sinomenine (cucoline)
sinomenine,(s)
Q7524904
DTXSID00871595
nsc-785175
nsc785175
CS-0003778
sinomenine 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
BS-42101

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid derived from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Hu, M; Liu, C; Liu, D; Song, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2021)	3.51
"Sinomenine is an isoquinoline alkaloid component extracted from Sinomenium acutum Rehd，et Wils, which has been already reported to have significant anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-arthritis properties."	( Sinomenine ameliorates septic acute lung injury in mice by modulating gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2 pathway. Huang, F; Song, W; Wang, W; Wang, Z; Wu, J; Yang, X, 2021)	2.79
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its short half-life and the high dosage required. "	( Novel synovial targeting peptide-sinomenine conjugates as a potential strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chang, L; Gou, S; Li, B; Liu, H; Ni, J; Ouyang, X; Yan, N; Zhang, F; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.45
"Sinomenine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum."	( Rheumatoid arthritis drug sinomenine induces apoptosis of cervical tumor cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase in vitro and in vivo. Duan, D; Jin, X; Pan, D; Song, P; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xiao, J; Yan, Y, 2022)	1.74
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been used for decades in China to treat arthritis. "	( Sinomenine inhibits macrophage M1 polarization by downregulating α7nAChR via a feedback pathway of α7nAChR/ERK/Egr-1. Bai, SS; Cai, JZ; Dong, Y; Du, Q; Li, J; Li, YW; Liu, L; Luo, JF; Shi, QP; Wang, PX; Yi, L; Zhi, YK; Zhou, H; Zhu, RL, 2022)	3.61
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a compound derived from Sinomenium acutum."	( PI3K/AKT1 Signaling Pathway Mediates Sinomenine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Apoptosis: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study. Jiang, Y; Jiao, Y; Liu, L; Luo, Y; Xu, G; Zhang, M; Zhao, J, 2022)	1.72
"Sinomenine is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd.et Wils. "	( Multifunctional nanoparticles of sinomenine hydrochloride for treat-to-target therapy of rheumatoid arthritis via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Cai, X; Hu, M; Hu, S; Liao, J; Lin, Y; Liu, B; Liu, L; Su, Z; Wang, S; Wang, W; Yi, O, 2022)	2.45
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an isoquinoline mainly sequestered from Sinomenium acutum."	( Modulatory apoptotic effects of sinomenine on Mycoplasma pneumonia through the attenuation of inflammation via ERK/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chen, Y; Vijayalakshmi, A; Wang, Z; Xin, L; Zhang, W; Zheng, M, 2022)	1.73
"Sinomenine is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. "	( Sex-related differences in safety profiles, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sinomenine hydrochloride in rats. Cai, X; Deng, G; Huang, H; Huang, YM; Liu, WL; Wu, H; Yan, JY; Yi, OY; Zhang, EB, 2022)	2.39
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a bioactive component of sinomenium acutum."	( Overcoming cisplatin resistance of human lung cancer by sinomenine through targeting the miR-200a-3p-GLS axis. Chen, L; Liu, X; Wang, T, 2023)	1.88
"Sinomenine is a pharmacologically active alkaloid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Sinomenine mitigates cisplatin-induced kidney injury by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Batičić, L; Domitrović, R; Križan, H; Potočnjak, I; Šimić, L, 2023)	3.8
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a major component contained in extracts of the Chinese medicinal herb Sinomenium acutum. "	( [Development of a Simple and Sensitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sinomenine]. Kataoka, H; Saita, T; Ura, K, 2023)	2.58
"Sinomenine is a compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herb sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride bidirectionally inhibits progression of tumor and autoimmune diseases by regulating AMPK pathway. Bao, WQ; Choi, SW; Guan, XX; Leung, ELH; Li, RZ; Lian, LR; Liu, L; Pan, HD; Wang, XR; Yan, PY; Zhang, FY, 2023)	3.07
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the root and stem of Sinomenium acutum which is mainly used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for centuries in China."	( A review on pharmacokinetics of sinomenine and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Huang, J; Liu, Z; Wang, S; Zhang, L; Zhou, Y; Zhou, Z, 2023)	1.92
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an active extract of herbal medicine and has been applied into the therapy of DN."	( Integrated multi-omics and bioinformatic methods to reveal the mechanisms of sinomenine against diabetic nephropathy. Li, Y; Wang, L; Xu, B; Zhan, H; Zhang, J, 2023)	1.86
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an anti-inflammatory alkaloid derived from "	( Polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedles for localized delivery of sinomenine hydrochloride: preparation, release behavior of Cao, Y; Gui, S; Li, Z; Liang, X; Shu, Z; Tao, Y; Wang, F, 2020)	2.24
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an active ingredient extracted from "	( Sinomenine Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating TGF-β/Smad Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Chen, H; Jiao, FZ; Li, X; Wang, LW; Wang, Y; Yang, F, 2020)	2.72
"Sinomenine is a morphinan alkaloid with a variety of biological activities. "	( Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Silico Prediction of Novel Sinomenine Derivatives. Cui, D; Gao, M; Li, J; Li, S; Nian, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, L; Zhao, C, 2021)	2.3
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a clinical drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. "	( Sinomenine increases adenosine A Dong, Y; Du, Q; Ke, J; Lai, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Lv, Y; Peng, C; Wang, P; Yi, L; Zhi, Y; Zhou, H, 2021)	3.51
"Sinomenine, which is a main bioactive ingredient in Sinomenium acutum, has been reported to have an analgesic effect in diverse pain animal models."	( Sinomenine produces peripheral analgesic effects via inhibition of voltage-gated sodium currents. Kang, Y; Kim, HB; Lee, JY; Oh, SB; Won, J; Yoon, SY, 2017)	2.62
"Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid with immunosuppressive effects that is extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( The sinomenine enteric-coated microspheres suppressed the TLR/NF-κB signaling in DSS-induced experimental colitis. Chen, S; Fu, Y; Hong, J; Tian, L; Xie, Y; Xiong, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhou, N, 2017)	2.46
"Sinomenine is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from Sinomenium acutum. "	( The antidepressant-like effects of sinomenine in mice: a behavioral and neurobiological characterization. Chen, K; Jiang, B; Li, W; Li, X; Liu, C; Wang, H, 2018)	2.2
"Sinomenine is an isoquinoline extracted from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, famous for its ability to suppress several cancer cell types."	( The pro-apoptosis effect of sinomenine in renal carcinoma via inducing autophagy through inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Deng, F; Feng, J; Liang, L; Ma, YX; Zhang, P, 2018)	1.5
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid extracted from the stem of the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum."	( Sinomenine inhibits the inflammatory responses of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes Cai, H; Yao, RB; Zhao, LJ; Zhao, ZM, 2017)	2.62
"Sinomenine is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been employed as a clinical treatment for RA for several years in China."	( Serum proteomic analysis of the anti‑arthritic effects of sinomenine on rats with collagen‑induced arthritis. Cai, H; Qian, X; Shang, W; Xu, Z; Zhang, B; Zhao, Z, 2018)	1.45
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid originally extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum."	( Sinomenine protects against E.coli-induced acute lung injury in mice through Nrf2-NF-κB pathway. Chen, Q; Huang, F; Liu, J; Liu, S; Yang, X; Zhang, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic alkaloid derived from Sinomenium acutum, and the product Zhengqing Fengtongning produced from SIN has been marketed in China for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( Sinomenine inhibits osteolysis in breast cancer by reducing IL-8/CXCR1 and c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling. Li, X; Liu, L; Su, J; Tan, Y; Tao, L; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H; Zou, B, 2019)	3.4
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a bioactive alkaloid compound extracted from a Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Mechanism Underlying Antitumor Effects of Sinomenine. Gao, LN; Wang, Y; Zhong, B, 2019)	2.22
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an isoquinoline derived from Caulis Sinomenii that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis for several decades in China. "	( Lipopolysaccharides-mediated injury to chondrogenic ATDC5 cells can be relieved by Sinomenine via downregulating microRNA-192. Wang, Y; Yu, C; Zhang, H, 2019)	2.18
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a monomeric component purified from the plant Sinomenium acutum which has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects, however, the mechanism of action of SIN on OA is not clear."	( Sinomenine contributes to the inhibition of the inflammatory response and the improvement of osteoarthritis in mouse-cartilage cells by acting on the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Fu, X; Lin, Z; Wang, Z; Wu, Y; Yan, Z; Yu, K, 2019)	2.68
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( Sinomenine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via adenosine A(2A) receptor signaling. Dai, SS; He, X; Li, J; Zeng, YJ; Zhao, L, 2013)	3.28
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a purified alkaloid from the Chinese herb Sinomenium acutum. "	( Sinomenine protects mice against ischemia reperfusion induced renal injury by attenuating inflammatory response and tubular cell apoptosis. Guan, R; Guo, M; Guo, W; Liu, F; Song, S; Wang, Q; Yu, Q; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhao, Z, 2013)	3.28
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid and has recently been utilized in treating multiple rheumatic diseases including AS in China, but its exact mechanism remains to be explored."	( Influence of sinomenine on protein profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ankylosing spondylitis patients: a pharmacoproteomics study. Deng, WM; Huang, ZX; Li, TW; Liao, ZT; Qiu, KW; Tan, JH; Zeng, ZQ, 2013)	1.48
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid originally isolated from the root of the plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Analgesic effect of sinomenine in rodents after inflammation and nerve injury. Gao, T; Hao, J; Wang, DQ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ, 2013)	2.16
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid found in the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, which has been used to treat rheumatic arthritis in China and Japan. "	( Sinomenine induces apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cell-derived osteoclasts in vitro via caspase-3 activation. Duan, H; He, LG; Lei, LS; Li, XJ; Li, XL; Liu, SW; Wang, S; Zeng, XZ, 2014)	3.29
"Sinomenine is an anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drug derived from the Sinomenium acutum. "	( Pharmacokinetics and penetration into synovial fluid of systemical and electroporation administered sinomenine to rabbits. Cai, HL; Deng, Y; Jiang, P; Li, HD; Yan, H; Yan, M, 2015)	2.08
"Sinomenine is a principal ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, Sinomenium Acutum, which has been reported to have various pharmacological effects including anti-rheumatism and immunomodulation. "	( Antinociceptive effects of sinomenine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Fang, T; Li, JX; Sun, Y; Zhang, W; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q, 2014)	2.14
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a natural alkaloid extracted from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, and its hydrochloride salt (Sinomenine hydrochloride, SIN-HCl) is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride protects against polymicrobial sepsis via autophagy. Chen, G; Gao, M; Jiang, Y; Lang, Y; Liu, M; Tong, Z; Wang, K; Wang, W; Xiao, X; Yao, Y; Zhang, H, 2015)	2.58
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, Sinomenium acutum, which has been utilized to treat rheumatism in China for over 2000 years."	( Vascular normalization induced by sinomenine hydrochloride results in suppressed mammary tumor growth and metastasis. He, J; Li, X; Liu, P; Liu, Y; Ren, Y; Tang, X; Wang, K; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, C, 2015)	1.42
"Sinomenine is an isoquinoline well known for its remarkable curative effect on rheumatic and arthritic diseases and can induce apoptosis of several cancer cell types."	( Sinomenine inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing NF-κB activation mediated by IL-4/miR-324-5p/CUEDC2 axis. Dai, Z; He, J; Kang, H; Liu, D; Song, L; Wang, X; Zan, Y; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Sinomenine is an isoquinoline-type alkaloid found in Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. "	( Anti-inflammatory effects of novel sinomenine derivatives. An, D; Dong, W; Peng, Z; Wang, J; Xiao, J; Zhao, Z, 2015)	2.14
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic alkaloid derived from Sinomenioum acutum. "	( Sinomenine down-regulates TLR4/TRAF6 expression and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. Duan, H; He, L; Lei, L; Li, X; Liu, S; Wang, S; Xu, J; Zhang, Y, 2016)	3.32
"Sinomenine is a natural bioactive component extracted from the Sinomenium acutum and has anti-inflammatory effects."	( The effect of sinomenine in diabetic neuropathic pain mediated by the P2X Gao, Y; Jia, T; Li, G; Liang, S; Liu, S; Rao, S; Wang, S; Wu, B; Xu, C; Xu, H; Xue, Y; Yi, Z; Zhang, C; Zhao, S; Zou, L, 2017)	1.54
"Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum."	( Sinomenine influences capacity for invasion and migration in activated human monocytic THP-1 cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and CD147. Chen, LH; Li, WD; Li, XJ; Lin, ZB; Ou, YQ, 2009)	2.52
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Novel sinomenine derivative 1032 improves immune suppression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Bi, EG; Bian, C; Chen, AZ; Lin, GM; Liu, ZD; Lou, YT; Ma, Z; Sun, B; Sun, SH; Wang, Y; Wu, XD; Yan, LC; Yao, ZJ; Zhou, J; Zou, J, 2010)	2.28
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid compound and a prominent anti-allergic agent found in the root of the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Anti-allergic effects of sinomenine by inhibition of prostaglandin D₂ and leukotriene C₄ in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Brice, OO; Choi, JG; Jeong, GH; Kang, OH; Keum, JH; Kim, SB; Kwon, DY; Lee, YS; Ma, J; Oh, YC; Shin, DW, 2011)	2.12
"Sinomenine (SIN) is a bioactive component derived from a Chinese medicinal plant. "	( Activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways antagonized sinomenine-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis. Dong, X; Jiang, T; Liang, H; Liu, Q; Luan, H; Shang, H; Zhou, L, 2012)	2.06
"Sinomenine (SN, 1) is a pure compound extracted from the Sinomenium acutum plant. "	( Protective effects of sinomenine against doxorubicin-induced nephrosis in rats. Hu, R; Liang, YH; Liu, GL; Ren, XG; Xia, ZK; Zhang, J; Zhang, LW, 2012)	2.14
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid compound and a prominent anti-inflammatory agent found in the root of the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Anti-inflammatory effect of sinomenine by inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators in PMA plus A23187-stimulated HMC-1 Cells. Han, SH; Kang, OH; Keum, JH; Kim, SB; Kim, YG; Kim, YI; Kwon, DY; Lee, YS; Ma, JY; Mun, SH; Oh, YC; Park, CB; Shin, DW, 2012)	2.12
"Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid with a variety of pharmacological actions including anti-inflammation, immuno-suppression, analgesia, antihypertension, and antiarrhythmia. "	( Determination of sinomenine in human plasma by HPLC/ESI/ion trap mass spectrum. Cheng, ZN; Guo, X; Hu, ZY; Tan, ZR; Wang, LS; Yao, YM; Zhou, HH, 2005)	2.11
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, Sinomenium acutum, which has been utilized to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China for over 2000 years. "	( The anti-angiogenic effect of sinomenine. Fan, TP; Kok, TW; Liu, L; Mak, NK; Wong, RN; Yue, PY, 2005)	2.06
"Sinomenine is a kind of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with very effective and little side effect and expected it as a good new drug withdrawal medicine in the future."	( [New study progress of sinomenine]. Kong, QF; Li, J, 2005)	1.36
"Sinomenine is an alkaloid with pharmacological effects of anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-arthritis and immunosuppression. "	( Effect of sinomenine on gene expression of the IL-1 beta-activated human synovial sarcoma. Ha, WY; Li, XJ; Liu, L; Tin, MM; Wang, PX; Wong, DY; Wong, RN; Yue, PY, 2006)	2.18
"Sinomenine is an active component isolated from Sinomenium acutum and is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug for treating autoimmune diseases. "	( Sinomenine inhibits primary CD4+ T-cell proliferation via apoptosis. Ding, F; Hua, ZC; Kang, YX; Shu, L; Tang, B; Yin, W; Zhang, J, 2007)	3.23
"Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum. "	( Sinomenine attenuates 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Cheng, H; Guo, Q; Jiang, L; Li, C; Wang, F; Wang, Z; Xia, B; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2007)	3.23
"1. Sinomenine is an alkaloid with a wide range of pharmacological actions. "	( Vasodilatation induced by sinomenine lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chen, W; Cheng, JT; Lee, PY; Liu, IM, 2007)	1.26
"Sinomenine is a unique plant alkaloid, as it potently releases histamine in association with degranulation of tissue mast cells in mammalian tissues."	( Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum. Yamasaki, H, 1976)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sinomenine has a remarkable treatment effect on RA. "	( [Effect of sinomenine on adjuvant arthritis and its mechanisms]. Chen, H; Liu, F; Yang, DS; Zeng, FD, 2005)	2.16
"Sinomenine (SM) has already proved an antidiabetic effect against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats."	( Protective effect of sinomenine against inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus in female rats via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Li, Y; Xie, H; Zhang, H, 2021)	1.66
"Sinomenine (SIN) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects."	( Sinomenine Suppressed Keratinocyte Proliferation and Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis by Regulating lncRNA XIST. Wu, X; Xiang, S; Xiang, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Sinomenine has been found to have antitumor effects in a variety of cancers, including gastric cancer. "	( Sinomenine regulates circTRPM7-related pathway to inhibit gastric cancer cell growth and metastasis. Gao, R; Lv, S; Shen, H; Yan, J; Yang, J, 2023)	3.8
"Sinomenine (SIN) has been reported its antitumor effects on various types of human cancers, but there is no available information regarding the antitumor effects of SIN and cisplatin on gastric cancer. "	( Sinomenine sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to cisplatin through negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/Wnt signaling pathway. Chen, X; Li, S; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Tan, T; Tang, S, 2019)	3.4
"Sinomenine (SN) has been used in the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis for many years. "	( Anti-inflammation Effects of Sinomenine on Macrophages through Suppressing Activated TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Tong, QY; Zeng, MY, 2020)	2.29
"Sinomenine has shown neuroprotective effects through counteracting oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis."	( Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects of sinomenine in kainate rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis. Baluchnejadmojarad, T; Fahanik-Babaei, J; Mohamadi-Zarch, SM; Nazari-Serenjeh, M; Nourabadi, D; Ramazi, S; Roghani, M; Tashakori-Miyanroudi, M, 2020)	1.54
"Sinomenine has been studied as a potential anti-inflammatory agent through appropriate structural modifications."	( A Systematic Review on the Sinomenine Derivatives. Chen, J; Raza, A; Tang, J; Xu, H, 2018)	1.5
"Sinomenine (SIN) has been shown to have protective effects against brain damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). "	( Sinomenine reduces neuronal cell apoptosis in mice after traumatic brain injury via its effect on mitochondrial pathway. Fu, C; Gao, J; Wang, Q; Zhai, X, 2018)	3.37
"Sinomenine has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor effect on various cancers, but the function of Sinomenine in prostate cancer remains unclear."	( Sinomenine inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by regulation of miR-23a. Cao, X; Li, Q; Wang, Z; Xu, F, 2019)	2.68
"Sinomenine (SIN) has been shown to protect against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. "	( Sinomenine Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration by Regulating miR-223-3p/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling. Chen, CJ; Dong, HC; Li, P; Li, PN; Liu, G; Xu, X; Zhang, H; Zheng, LJ, 2019)	3.4
"Sinomenine (SIN) has long been exploited to heal rheumatoid arthritis."	( Sinomenine exerts antitumour effect in gastric cancer cells via enhancement of miR-204 expression. Li, F; Li, W; Wang, H; Yuan, H; Zhang, J, 2019)	2.68
"Sinomenine has the intervention effect on neuropathic pain in SSNI model rats. "	( [Analgesic effect of sinomenine on SSNI model rats and monoamine neurotransmitters in striatal extracellular fluid]. Li, P; Niu, XH; Wang, DQ; Wang, Y; Wang, ZG; Xu, S; Xu, XJ; Zhang, MY; Zhang, Y, 2013)	2.15
"Sinomenine (SIN) has long been used as a therapeutic agent of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. "	( Sinomenine suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by reciprocal modulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Dai, Y; Dou, Y; Kong, L; Tong, B; Wang, T; Wu, X; Xia, Y; Yu, J, 2015)	3.3
"Sinomenine (SIN) has been demonstrated to have immunosuppressive and anti‑inflammatory properties."	( Sinomenine attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Bao, HR; Li, YL; Liu, XJ; Men, X; Zeng, XL, 2016)	2.6
"Sinomenine (SIN) has strong anti-inflammatory and renal protective effects, following an unknown protective mechanism against HG-induced hyperpermeability."	( Sinomenine alleviates high glucose-induced renal glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability by inhibiting the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Wang, G; Xia, Y; Yin, Q, 2016)	2.6
"Sinomenine has been used to treat autoimmune diseases for centuries. "	( Immunoregulatory effects of sinomenine on the T-bet/GATA-3 ratio and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the treatment of mesangial proliferative nephritis. Cheng, Y; Hou, W; Li, F; Wang, D; Yuan, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2009)	2.09
"Sinomenine has been used to treat autoimmune diseases for centuries. "	( Sinomenine inhibits the expression of PD‑L1 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mesangial proliferative nephritis patients. Cheng, Y; Li, F; Wang, D; Yuan, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2013)	3.28
"Sinomenine (SN) has anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and immunomodulatory effects."	( Sinomenine blocks tissue remodeling in a rat model of chronic cardiac allograft rejection. Amberger, A; Candinas, D; Margreiter, R; Mark, W; Offner, F; Schneeberger, S; Seiler, R; Stroka, DM, 2003)	2.48
"Sinomenine has been shown to mediate a wide range of pharmacological actions which includes anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects."	( The anti-angiogenic effect of sinomenine. Fan, TP; Kok, TW; Liu, L; Mak, NK; Wong, RN; Yue, PY, 2005)	1.34
"Sinomenine has a remarkable treatment effect on RA. "	( [Effect of sinomenine on adjuvant arthritis and its mechanisms]. Chen, H; Liu, F; Yang, DS; Zeng, FD, 2005)	2.16
"Sinomenine has been used for centuries in the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases as it possesses immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities."	( Sinomenine promotes differentiation but impedes maturation and co-stimulatory molecule expression of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Chen, Y; Fei, L; Jia, Z; Jin, N; Wu, Y; Xie, Z; Yang, C, 2007)	2.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sinomenine could inhibit tooth movement, reduce root resorption, and exert a positive effect on bone formation in rats. "	( Sinomenine Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs. Han, R; Li, H; Li, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zou, J, 2022)	3.61
"The sinomenine can inhibit Jeko-1 cell proliferation, which may be realized through down-regulating the phosphorylation level of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-P70S6K, thus inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway and promoting the cell apoptosis."	( [Effects of Sinomenine on Proliferation and Apoptosis of MCL Jeko-1 Cell Line and Its Mechanism]. Chen, SY; Huang, YQ; Zou, Y, 2017)	1.39
"Sinomenine can enhance the efficacy of gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride in rodent models of peripheral or central neuropathic pain, without introducing tolerance or other notable side effects."	( Sinomenine facilitates the efficacy of gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride in animal models of neuropathic pain. Gao, T; Jiang, JD; Li, T; Shi, T; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ, 2019)	2.68
"Sinomenine can inhibit the apoptosis induced by H2O2 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. "	( [Inhibitory effect of sinomenine on H2O2-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes]. Ding, BX; Gao, XL; Li, L, 2008)	2.1
"Sinomenine can inhibit the production and activity of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB to suppress the adhesion, implantation, infiltration and growth of the endometrial cells in the rat model of endometriosis."	( [Effect of sinomenine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in the heterotopic tissue in rats with endometriosis]. Chen, JK; Du, BY; Liu, AJ; Lu, Y; Luo, H; Yi, H, 2010)	2.19
"Sinomenine can inhibit the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes induced by ConA, LPS and anti-CD3 mAb but not PMA in vitro, and inhibit the proliferation induced by LPS and PMA in vivo. "	( [Immunopharmacological action of sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum, and its mechanism of action in treating rheumatoid arthritis]. Li, WD; Lin, ZB; Liu, JH; Teng, HL, 2005)	2.05
"Sinomenine can inhibit the immunological function and correct imbalance of CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocyte subtype. "	( [Immunopharmacological action of sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum, and its mechanism of action in treating rheumatoid arthritis]. Li, WD; Lin, ZB; Liu, JH; Teng, HL, 2005)	2.05
"Sinomenine could inhibit release of these cytokines."	( Sinomenine inhibits activation of rat retinal microglia induced by advanced glycation end products. Li, Z; Tso, MO; Wang, AL; Yu, AC; Yuan, M; Zhu, X, 2007)	2.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sinomenine treated rats significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the body weight and modulated the organ weight (hepatic, renal and heart)."	( Sinomenine Suppress the Vitamin D3 and High Fat Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats via Suppress of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Gao, Z; Geng, P; Xu, X, 2021)	2.79
"With sinomenine treatment, the frequency of mature DCs was reduced, as indicated by lower expression of the surface markers CD80, CD86, and RT1B. "	( Pre-transplant infusion of donor-derived dendritic cells maintained at the immature stage by sinomenine increases splenic Foxp3 Chen, T; Li, L; Luo, Z; Song, Z; Zheng, L, 2017)	1.19
"Sinomenine treatment decreased miR-324-5p expression, thus increased the level of its target gene CUEDC2, and then blocked the phosphorylation of IKK through altering the upstream axis."	( Sinomenine inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing NF-κB activation mediated by IL-4/miR-324-5p/CUEDC2 axis. Dai, Z; He, J; Kang, H; Liu, D; Song, L; Wang, X; Zan, Y; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Treatment with sinomenine in vivo leads to a decrease in TrxR activity and tumor growth, and an increase in apoptosis."	( Rheumatoid arthritis drug sinomenine induces apoptosis of cervical tumor cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase in vitro and in vivo. Duan, D; Jin, X; Pan, D; Song, P; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xiao, J; Yan, Y, 2022)	1.36
"Pretreatment with sinomenine did not alter the mechanical hypersensitivity post-surgery."	( Antinociceptive effects of sinomenine in a rat model of postoperative pain. Jiang, B; Li, JX; Liu, C; Mao, L; Sun, Y; Zhang, W; Zhu, Q, 2016)	1.05
"Treatment with sinomenine (15-30 mg/kg/day i.p.) or a subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporine (CsA, 1.5 mg/kg/day, i.m.) prolonged allograft survival only marginally (mean survival of 5.4 and 7.8 days, respectively)."	( Immunomodulatory effects of the alkaloid sinomenine in the high responder ACI-to-Lewis cardiac allograft model. Candinas, D; Hancock, WW; Hechenleitner, P; Kaever, V; Koyamada, N; Mark, W; Miyatake, T, 1996)	0.9

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Compared to MTX, SIN had better clinical efficacy and relatively fewer adverse events\ in treatment of RA, especially when it was used together with MTX."	( Effects and safety of Sinomenine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis contrast to methotrexate: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Ji, W; Liu, W; Lu, Y; Qian, X; Wang, Y; Wei, G, 2016)	0.75
" Thus, sinomenine inhibits amyloid beta-induced production of toxic factors from astrocytes, and confers protection to hippocampal neuronal cells as well as human neurons against indirect toxicity."	( Sinomenine inhibits amyloid beta-induced astrocyte activation and protects neurons against indirect toxicity. Agrawal, A; Pandey, HS; Seth, P; Sharma, SK; Singal, CMS; Singh, D, 2020)	2.46
" The frequency of adverse reactions were reduced compared with that in the control group(P<0."	( [Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sinomenine combined with methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Li, X; Shuai, YF; Zeng, C, 2021)	0.89

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" injection of 20 mg/kg of sinomenine to rabbits, the pharmacokinetic characteristics were found to fit a two-compartment open model."	( [Pharmacokinetics of sinomenine by HPLC]. Cai, H; Lou, S; Pan, X; Zhang, X, 1992)	0.9
" Studies on pharmacokinetic interaction between the active constituents of these two herbs (paeoniflorin and sinomenine, respectively) provide empirical evidence to support their clinical practice."	( Influence of co-administrated sinomenine on pharmacokinetic fate of paeoniflorin in unrestrained conscious rats. Cai, X; Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xie, Y; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2005)	0.83
" The results demonstrated that oral administration with a single dosage at a rate of 90 mg sinomenine/kg in rats achieved about 80% bioavailability, while most of the other pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to the data from the animals treated intravenously."	( The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sinomenine in rats and its protein binding ability in vitro. Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2005)	0.8
" From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, the 24-h SM."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.6
"The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.6
", paeoniflorin and sinomenine, in pharmacokinetic parameters, tissues distribution, and protein binding ability could provide empirical data to support their clinical application."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction of paeoniflorin and sinomenine: pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution characteristics in rats and protein binding ability in vitro. Bian, ZX; Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2005)	0.91
" In this report a liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method with in vivo microdialysis for the pharmacokinetic study of free-form sinomenine in rat skin has been developed."	( Pharmacokinetic study of free-form sinomenine in rat skin by microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Hu, JH; Shi, LF; Zheng, H, 2007)	0.81
"To study pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability for oral use of sinomenine tablet in beagle dogs."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of sinomenine in beagle dogs]. Chen, W; Feng, X; Kang, J; Li, Q; Zhou, Y, 2009)	0.82
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 pharmacokinetic program."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of sinomenine in beagle dogs]. Chen, W; Feng, X; Kang, J; Li, Q; Zhou, Y, 2009)	0.6
"To explore the pharmacokinetic of Sinomenine transdermal patch."	( [The pharmacokinetics study on Sinomenine transdermal patch on anaesthetized Beagle dogs]. Yu, Y; Zhang, YF; Zhou, LL, 2010)	0.93
" We may conclude that pharmacokinetic studies of complex herbal products are not only necessary but also feasible by using representative bioactive chemicals as indicators of establishing quality control standards and of determining pharmacokinetic behavior of herbal medicines."	( The pharmacokinetic study of sinomenine, paeoniflorin and paeonol in rats after oral administration of a herbal product Qingfu Guanjiesu capsule by HPLC. Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Ma, WZ; Wong, YF; Xie, Y; Zhou, H, 2014)	0.69
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for sinomenine were processed by non-compartmental analysis."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics study of sinomenine in rats after oral administration of sinomenine monomer and Sinomenium acutum extract. Han, L; Jiang, KY; Lu, XY; Meng, SN; Wang, X; Zhang, MF; Zhao, Y; Zuo, L, 2014)	0.96
" However, the pharmacokinetic and penetration into synovial fluid (SF) of sinomenine have not been reported."	( Pharmacokinetics and penetration into synovial fluid of systemical and electroporation administered sinomenine to rabbits. Cai, HL; Deng, Y; Jiang, P; Li, HD; Yan, H; Yan, M, 2015)	0.86
" The HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for determination of SND-117 in rat plasma, and the pharmacokinetic differences were investigated after different administration routes."	( A selective HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of SND-117 in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Bao, BH; Di, LQ; Kang, A; Li, JS; Li, JX; Shen, Q; Zhao, Y, 2017)	0.46
" This study was to investigate whether and how CV drugs affect the pharmacokinetic profile of sinomenine."	( Co-administration with simvastatin or lovastatin alters the pharmacokinetic profile of sinomenine in rats through cytochrome P450-mediated pathways. Dai, Y; Jin, Y; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Xia, Y; Yun, X, 2018)	0.92
"The method was validated with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and especially the stability of analytes under various conditions, and was successfully applied in evaluating the pharmacokinetic profiles of SN in the joint cavity."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of sinomenine-hyaluronic acid conjugate after intra-articular administration for osteoarthritis treatment. Chen, J; Cheng, Y; Fang, S; Ling, P; Liu, J; Shao, H, 2019)	0.76
" The results showed that SH-treated SD female rats displayed markedly greater drug exposure, and SH exhibited a longer half-life and slower clearance rate than comparable studies in male rats."	( Sex-related differences in safety profiles, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sinomenine hydrochloride in rats. Cai, X; Deng, G; Huang, H; Huang, YM; Liu, WL; Wu, H; Yan, JY; Yi, OY; Zhang, EB, 2022)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Its antiproliferative effect on human mononuclear cells in combination with different immunosuppressive drugs was further analysed in vitro."	( Synergistic effects of the alkaloid sinomenine in combination with the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. Kaever, V; Resch, K; Vieregge, B, 1999)	0.58
"To investigate the inhibitory effects of sinomenine (SIN) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo."	( Cooperative inhibitory effect of sinomenine combined with 5-fluorouracil on esophageal carcinoma. Dong, WG; Guo, XF; Qiu, S; Song, J; Wang, J; Yang, ZR; Zhang, JX, 2013)	0.94
"The combined effects of SIN and 5-FU on esophageal carcinoma were superior to those of the individual compounds, and the drug combination did not increase the side effects of chemotherapy."	( Cooperative inhibitory effect of sinomenine combined with 5-fluorouracil on esophageal carcinoma. Dong, WG; Guo, XF; Qiu, S; Song, J; Wang, J; Yang, ZR; Zhang, JX, 2013)	0.67
" In addition, both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the SIN-TSL combined with microwave hyperthermia exhibited superior anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride loaded thermosensitive liposomes combined with microwave hyperthermia for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Du, Y; Qi, J; Shen, Q; Shu, G; Ying, X; Zhang, X, 2020)	2
"To systemically evaluate the efficacy and safety of sinomenine combined with methotrexate(SIN+MTX) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)."	( [Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sinomenine combined with methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Li, X; Shuai, YF; Zeng, C, 2021)	1.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results indicate that sinomenine hydrochloride at 90 mg/kg significantly improved the bioavailability of paeoniflorin in rats."	( Influence of co-administrated sinomenine on pharmacokinetic fate of paeoniflorin in unrestrained conscious rats. Cai, X; Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xie, Y; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2005)	0.91
" Our previous studies demonstrated that sinomenine could significantly improve the bioavailability of paeoniflorin in rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown."	( The effects of sinomenine on intestinal absorption of paeoniflorin by the everted rat gut sac model. Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2006)	0.95
"Poor permeation, p-gp-mediated efflux, and hydrolysis via a glucosidase contributed to the poor bioavailability of paeoniflorin."	( Mechanisms responsible for poor oral bioavailability of paeoniflorin: Role of intestinal disposition and interactions with sinomenine. Hu, M; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ, 2006)	0.54
" Microdialysis can be used to study bioavailability and bioequivalence of different preparation."	( [Bioequivalence study of sinomenine patch by microdialysis]. Ling, JJ; Wang, Y; Xie, B; Zhou, LL, 2008)	0.65
"To study pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability for oral use of sinomenine tablet in beagle dogs."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of sinomenine in beagle dogs]. Chen, W; Feng, X; Kang, J; Li, Q; Zhou, Y, 2009)	0.82
" The absolute bioavailability for oral use was (30."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of sinomenine in beagle dogs]. Chen, W; Feng, X; Kang, J; Li, Q; Zhou, Y, 2009)	0.6
"The absolute bioavailability of sinomenine is low, and the elimination of sinomenine tablet is fast."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of sinomenine in beagle dogs]. Chen, W; Feng, X; Kang, J; Li, Q; Zhou, Y, 2009)	0.88
" Finally, SN significantly improved the absolute OCT bioavailability in rats and the transport rate in Caco-2 cell monolayers."	( A novel perspective and approach to intestinal octreotide absorption: sinomenine-mediated reversible tight junction opening and its molecular mechanism. Duan, Z; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Tian, Y; Wang, Q, 2013)	0.62
"The current review emphasizes on the herbal bioenhancers which themselves do not possess inherent pharmacological activity of their own but when co-administered with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), enhances their bioavailability and efficacy."	( Role of herbal bioactives as a potential bioavailability enhancer for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Alexander, A; Kumari, L; Qureshi, A; Saraf, S; Sharma, M; Vaishnav, P, 2014)	0.4
" However, the discrepancy between low oral bioavailability and higher minimal effective concentration made its action mode mysterious."	( Sinomenine suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by reciprocal modulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Dai, Y; Dou, Y; Kong, L; Tong, B; Wang, T; Wu, X; Xia, Y; Yu, J, 2015)	1.86
"99 times higher than that of SH-G, and the relative bioavailability value was 199."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride-loaded dissolving microneedles enhanced its absorption in rabbits. Cao, Y; Chen, L; Chen, Y; Gui, S; Ma, P; Wu, X; Yin, D, 2016)	1.88
"The use of plant‑based compounds derived from traditional medicine to improve human diseases has been gaining momentum, due to their high bioavailability and moderate adverse effects."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride sensitizes cervical cancer cells to ionizing radiation by impairing DNA damage response. Dong, Y; Han, S; Hegde, ML; Qian, Y; Wang, H; Zhang, D; Zhao, Y; Zhou, C, 2018)	1.92
"The local bioavailability of SN in joint cavity was improved significantly after conjugated with HA."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of sinomenine-hyaluronic acid conjugate after intra-articular administration for osteoarthritis treatment. Chen, J; Cheng, Y; Fang, S; Ling, P; Liu, J; Shao, H, 2019)	0.76
"The aim of this study was to investigate the release behaviors of sinomenine hydrochloride loaded via in situ hexagonal liquid crystal (ISH), and its potential to improve the local bioavailability in knee joints of sinomenine hydrochloride (SMH) after intra-articular administration."	( In situ hexagonal liquid crystal for intra-articular delivery of sinomenine hydrochloride. Chen, Y; Gui, S; Liang, X; Maharjan, A; Regmi, B; Wu, L; Zhang, J, 2019)	0.99
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" To do so, we prepared a mixture of SIN and exosomes (Exo-SIN) to improve the bioavailability of SIN to treat liver cancer."	( A Natural Membrane Vesicle Exosome-based Sinomenine Delivery Platform for Hepatic Carcinoma Therapy. Li, M; Liang, L; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Yuan, W; Zhao, L, 2021)	0.89

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Morphine-dependent rats were induced by injecting morphine on dosage increasing by degrees, then treated with medication."	( [Effect of sinamine on withdrawal symptom and neurotransmitter of morphine-dependent rats]. Mo, Z; Wang, C; Wen, L; Zhu, Q, 2002)	0.31
"For exploring the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effect of sinomenine (SN), the actions of different dosage of SN were observed in vitro on the expression of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), as well as the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the inhibitory kappaB-alpha (IkappaB-alpha) protein level of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats."	( Effect of sinomenine on cytokine expression of macrophages and synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats. Fang, Y; Huang, W; Peng, D; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhong, B; Zhou, X, 2005)	0.96
" The results demonstrated that oral administration with a single dosage at a rate of 90 mg sinomenine/kg in rats achieved about 80% bioavailability, while most of the other pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to the data from the animals treated intravenously."	( The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sinomenine in rats and its protein binding ability in vitro. Chan, K; Jiang, ZH; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Wong, YF; Xu, HX; Zhou, H, 2005)	0.8
"To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride (SM."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.83
"HCl dosage forms, including commercial 12-h sustained-release tablets and 24-h sustained-release pellets prepared in our laboratory, was examined."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.6
"HCl dosage forms was comparable and both preparations were statistically bioequivalent."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.6
"The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo."	( Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Gao, K; He, ZG; Li, B; Mao, JJ; Shi, JM; Sun, J; Sun, YH; Zhang, TH, 2005)	0.6
" The morphine-dependent model mice were established by injection on dosage increasing by degrees."	( [Study on the detoxification of alcohol extracts from orientvine and its effective component on withdrawal syndromes of morphine]. Mo, ZX; Wang, CY; Zhang, GM, 2009)	0.35
" The expression of COX-2 and VEGF protein in HepG2 cells treated with anti-TfR mAb alone was increased in line with increasing dosage of the agent."	( Sinomenine hydrochloride enhancement of the inhibitory effects of anti-transferrin receptor antibody-dependent on the COX-2 pathway in human hepatoma cells. Bian, J; Hong, Y; Hu, H; Lei, P; Shen, G; Shen, X; Sun, X; Tao, J; Wen, X; Yang, J; Yuan, L; Zhu, H, 2013)	1.83
" However, there are some disadvantages, including low activity in transdermal permeation and a high dosage being clinically required."	( Transdermal Permeation and Anti-Inflammation Activities of Novel Sinomenine Derivatives. Wang, JC; Xiao, J; Zhao, C; Zhao, ZJ, 2016)	0.67
" In a drug control group, piglets were dosed IP with vehicle and 3 h late IM with 10 mg/kg sinomenine while those in an LPS control group were challenged with 1 mg LPS/kg (IP) and then vehicle 3 h later; naïve control piglets were administered normal saline IP and then IM only."	( Protective effects of sinomenine against LPS-induced inflammation in piglets. Chen, X; He, K; Hu, Y; Jiang, C; Yang, H, 2017)	0.99
" Current treatment involves intravenous administration of anti-inflammatory drugs which have limited clinical outcomes only when dosed within the early time window after injury."	( Dendrimer mediated targeted delivery of sinomenine for the treatment of acute neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Chen, S; Duh, EI; Kambhampati, SP; Kannan, RM; Kannan, S; Sharma, A; Sharma, R; Tso, MOM; Zhang, Z, 2020)	0.83
"Sinomenine (SIN) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its short half-life and the high dosage required."	( Novel synovial targeting peptide-sinomenine conjugates as a potential strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chang, L; Gou, S; Li, B; Liu, H; Ni, J; Ouyang, X; Yan, N; Zhang, F; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.45
"The work aims to explore the feasibility of Raman mapping in predicting the dissolution profiles of solid oral dosage form."	( Dissolution profiles prediction of sinomenine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets using Raman mapping technique. Fang, G; Hu, Y; Li, W; Li, Z; Liu, H; Wang, L; Wu, S; Zeng, Q, 2022)	1
" The total value of the benefit-risk of sinomenine alone and in combination with conventional drugs was 46 and 53 at 60% and 40% of the benefit-risk ratio of the two dosing regimens, respectively, with a difference of 7 (95% CI -4."	( Benefit-risk assessment of traditional Chinese medicine preparations of sinomenine using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Feng, Z; Gao, M; Hou, X; Huang, H; Qin, H; Shen, X; Xiang, G, 2023)	1.41

Class	Description
morphinane alkaloid	An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.4445	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	50.0000	0.0004	1.0444	10.0000	AID457604
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	4.7000	0.1400	3.7381	8.9000	AID1802708; AID1802709
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heterochromatin formation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome duplication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
meiotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic substance	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesis	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell activation	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
histone kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell secretagogue receptor activity	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
chromosome, telomeric region	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
X chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Y chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Cajal body	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1694112	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of vimentin expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694108	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP2 expression in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694115	Reversal of hypoxia-induced downregulation of E-cadherin expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694093	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694106	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of N-cadherin expression in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID697852	Inhibition of electric eel AChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID1771401	Acute toxicity in po dosed Kunming mouse
AID697853	Inhibition of horse BChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID1694101	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under normoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID306332	Binding affinity to human serum transferrin	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6	A spectroscopic and molecular modeling study of sinomenine binding to transferrin.
AID598410	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by Griess reaction relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production.
AID1694098	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694119	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 1 nM measured after 24 hrs in presence of IGF-1 by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID736485	Inhibition of TNFalpha (unknown origin)-induced NF-kappaB activation in mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of NF-kappaB binding to DNA at 20 uM after 6 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 62	Microfluidics assisted synthesis and bioevaluation of sinomenine derivatives as antiinflammatory agents.
AID1694120	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP2 expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 1 nM measured after 24 hrs in presence of IGF-1 by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694111	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of N-cadherin expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID598409	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production.
AID598476	Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 100 uM by RT-PCR analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production.
AID1771379	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in C57BL/6J mouse peritoneal macrophages at 10 uM measured after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reagent based assay relative to control
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID598412	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs by Griess reaction relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production.
AID1694107	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of vimentin expression in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694094	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694103	Decrease in hypoxia-induced cell invasion in human MCF7 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based transwell assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID598411	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 50 uM after 24 hrs by Griess reaction relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production.
AID647450	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 50	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sinomenine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1694104	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced cell invasion in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based transwell assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID378593	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	In vitro antiplasmodial, antiamoebic, and cytotoxic activities of some monomeric isoquinoline alkaloids.
AID378592	Antiamnesic activity against Entamoeba histolytica NIH 200 after 72 hrs by microdilution technique	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	In vitro antiplasmodial, antiamoebic, and cytotoxic activities of some monomeric isoquinoline alkaloids.
AID678409	Inhibition of NFkappaB in LPS-challenged mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as ratio of NFkappaB transcriptional activity to thymidine kinase transcriptional activity at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins prior to LPS-challenge measured after 6 hrs by dual luciferas	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of sinomenine derivatives.
AID1694090	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 1 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under normoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1742625	Antiarthritic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat model of arthritis assessed as decrease in CFA-induced synovial hyperplasia at 60 mg/kg, ig administered daily for 28 days starting from 14 days post-immunization and measured every 3 days by H and E staining b	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 206	Novel phthalide derivatives: Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.
AID1694105	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced cell invasion in human MCF7 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based transwell assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694110	Reversal of hypoxia-induced downregulation of E-cadherin expression in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694121	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP9 expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 1 nM measured after 24 hrs in presence of IGF-1 by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID736484	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 62	Microfluidics assisted synthesis and bioevaluation of sinomenine derivatives as antiinflammatory agents.
AID457604	Inhibition of CDK2	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4	Semi-synthetic aristolactams--inhibitors of CDK2 enzyme.
AID1771380	Inhibition of mouse CTLL-2 cells activity at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs
AID647458	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production at 10 uM after 6 to 24 hrs by ELISA	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 50	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sinomenine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1694097	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694091	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 1 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under normoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694092	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1742626	Antiarthritic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat model of CFA-induced arthritis assessed as intact joint cavity at 60 mg/kg, ig administered daily for 28 days starting from 14 days post-immunization and measured every 3 days by H and E staining based histopat	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 206	Novel phthalide derivatives: Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.
AID1694113	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP2 expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694118	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as decrease in phosphorylated mTOR level at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694100	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under normoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694102	Decrease in hypoxia-induced cell invasion in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based transwell assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694116	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as decrease in phosphorylated PI3K level at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID647459	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production at 10 uM after 6 to 24 hrs by ELISA	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 50	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sinomenine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
AID378591	Antiplasmodial activity against multi drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 in erythrocytes by [3H]hypoxanthine uptake	2000	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12	In vitro antiplasmodial, antiamoebic, and cytotoxic activities of some monomeric isoquinoline alkaloids.
AID1694117	Inhibition of hypoxia-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as decrease in phosphorylated Akt level at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694096	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1694095	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.25 to 1 mM measured after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1771378	Cytotoxicity against C57BL/6J mouse peritoneal macrophages assessed as reduction of cell viability at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs in presence of LPS by MTT assay
AID1694109	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP9 expression in human MDA-MB-231 side population cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID647451	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 50	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sinomenine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1694114	Suppression of hypoxia-induced upregulation of MMP9 expression in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 0.25 to 1 mM by Western blot analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1694099	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 side population cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 to 4 mM measured after 24 hrs under hypoxia condition by CCK-8 assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 31	Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1802709	PRESTO-Tango Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\	2017	Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5	In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
AID1802708	Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\	2017	Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5	In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	23 (5.39)	18.7374
1990's	13 (3.04)	18.2507
2000's	91 (21.31)	29.6817
2010's	194 (45.43)	24.3611
2020's	106 (24.82)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (0.92%)	5.53%
Reviews	22 (5.08%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (0.46%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	405 (93.53%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Therapeutic Evaluation of Treatment With Sinomenine Versus Glucocorticoid for Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial [NCT05764304]	Phase 3	328 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Placebo-controlled Evaluation of Homeopathic Remedy (Cocculine®) Efficacy in the Management of Nausea After Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non Metastatic Breast Cancer. [NCT00409071]	Phase 3	431 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.05	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.03	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.07	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	7.04	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.58	2	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	4.66	9	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
indole [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.07	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.41	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.53	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	7.6	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.48	2	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.49	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epibatidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.25	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7.58	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.47	2	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	7.05	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.47	2	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
berberine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.07	1	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
celecoxib [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.15	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.07	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.03	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.07	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.82	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	7.21	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.07	1	0
hypericin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.07	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.54	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.31	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.07	1	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.07	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine
lavendustin b [no description available]	2.07	1	0
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	8.59	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.11	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.07	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.03	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.15	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.01	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.07	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
phloretin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.01	1	0	diarylmethane
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.05	1	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	7.41	1	0
tetrahydropapaverine tetrahydropapaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is norlaudanosoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; polyether; secondary amino compound
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.07	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.07	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	7.17	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.07	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.41	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.6	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.1	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.07	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
veratramine veratramine: structure. veratramine : A piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions.	2.07	1	0	piperidine alkaloid
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.53	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.25	1	0
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
veratridine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.03	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	6.93	1	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
visnagin visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum. visnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; furanochromone; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; phytotoxin; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.07	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
skimmianine skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
syrosingopine syrosingopine: was heading 1963-94; SYRINGOPINE was see SYROSINGOPINE 1977-94; use RESERPINE to search SYROSINGOPINE 1966-94	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.07	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
acrolein [no description available]	3.36	5	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.07	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.07	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.31	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.1	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.85	3	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.07	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
jervine jervine: teratogen from Veratrum grandiflorum; RN given refers to parent cpd(3beta,23beta)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	piperidines
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.15	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
isocorydine isocorydine: from root tubers of Stephania Kwangsiensis H.S. Lo; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5017	2.43	2	0	aporphine alkaloid
corydine corydine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.43	2	0
boldine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
indirubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.52	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.53	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.43	2	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.11	1	0
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.05	4	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	7.46	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
paeonol paeonol: structure	7.47	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.43	2	0	organic molecular entity
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	3.85	3	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.05	1	0
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	3.19	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.13	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
lysergol lysergol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (8beta)-isomer. lysergol : An alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs as a minor constituent in some species of fungi and in the morning glory family of plants. Its structure is that of ergoline with a methyl group at N-6 and a beta-hydroxymethyl substituent at C-8.	3.19	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
muscarine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ecdysone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
canadine, (s)-isomer (S)-canadine : The (S)-enantiomer of canadine.	2	1	0	an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine; canadine	plant metabolite
discretamine discretamine: structure	2.05	1	0	alkaloid
n-deacetyl-n-formylcolchicine N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.03	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	6.98	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0	sodium phosphate
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.	7.03	1	0	alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	7.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.15	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.72	3	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
iodine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.07	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.53	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.03	1	0
canadine canadine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. canadine : A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; berberine alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.07	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.15	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.07	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.07	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	7.17	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	7.17	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.03	1	0
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	7.41	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
daunorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.29	6	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.1	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.07	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
baccatin iii [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
taleranol taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)	2.07	1	0	macrolide
narasin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpene glycoside
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid
tomatidine tomatidine: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-isomer; structure. tomatidine : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; azaspiro compound; oxaspiro compound
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
4-chromanone [no description available]	2.31	1	0	chromones
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.15	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
isoscopoletin isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	plant metabolite
vinburnine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
hesperetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
magnolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.07	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
tetrahydroalstonine tetrahydroalstonine : A heteropentacyclic compound that is (20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-18-oxayohimban which is substituted at position 16 by a methoxycarbonyl group and at position 19 by a methyl group. It is a metabolite found in several plant species.	2.07	1	0	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; yohimban alkaloid	plant metabolite
hernandezine hernandezine: from Thalictrum glandulosissimum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/91	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.45	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
magnoflorine magnoflorine: opium alkaloid having the aporphine configuration; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer; structure. (S)-magnoflorine : An aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-corytuberine in which the nitrogen has been quaternised by an additional methyl group.	8.14	5	0	aporphine alkaloid; quaternary ammonium ion	plant metabolite
madecassic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	2.07	1	0	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
4-hydroxyindole hydroxyindoles : Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols
eriocitrin eriocitrin: structure in first source. eriocitrin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavanone	antioxidant
7,8-dihydromethysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
cinchonine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
aucubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupinine lupinine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	quinolizidine alkaloid
matrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.11	1	0
catalpol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
quinine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sapogenin
corynanthine Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
prunin protein, prunus prunin protein, Prunus: a legumin-like type of globulin; structure given in first source. naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; antilipemic drug; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
podocarpic acid podocarpic acid: structure. podocarpic acid : An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
5-Methoxyflavone 5-methoxyflavone: DNA polymerase-beta inhibitor and neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	ether; flavonoids
aristolactam i aristolactam I: metabolite of aristolochic acid; forms DNA adducts;	2.05	1	0
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
allocryptopine [no description available]	2	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; dibenzazecine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
fangchinoline fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.	2.07	1	0
dicentrine dicentrine: structure given in first source; RN refers to (S)-isomer	7.5	2	0	aporphine alkaloid
corydaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
demissidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; steroid
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
propidium iodide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic iodide salt
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.07	1	0	hydrate	geroprotector
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
triptolide [no description available]	3.15	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
cafestol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
parthenolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	germacranolide
aristolochic acid ii aristolochic acid II: structure given in first source. aristolochic acid B : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.	2.05	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
higenamine higenamine: structure; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	2.25	1	0	norcoclaurine
stachydrine stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; amino-acid betaine; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
asiatic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
angustmycin a angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines
razadyne Razadyne: Name of the FDA approved preparation from J&J.	2.07	1	0
phytosphingosine phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5	2.07	1	0	amino alcohol; sphingoid; triol	mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.07	1	0	leucine derivative
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
methotrexate [no description available]	6.23	5	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	7.25	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	0	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
harmalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
evodiamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	2.07	1	0
schizandrin b (+)-schisandrin B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; tannin	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
isosakuranetin isosakuranetin: structure in first source. 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	plant metabolite
coclaurine coclaurine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. (S)-coclaurine : The (S)-enantiomer of coclaurine.	2.25	1	0	coclaurine
corytuberine corytuberine: structure. (S)-corytuberine : An aporphine alkaloid that is aporphine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 11, and by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 10 (the S enantiomer).	2.05	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; aromatic ether; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	plant metabolite
stephanine stephanine: has high affinity for serotonin receptors; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; a precursor to Aristolochic Acids	2.05	1	0
aristolochic acid D aristolochic acid D : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10.	2.05	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; nephrotoxin; toxin
isovitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	2.07	1	0	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
aristolochic acid c aristolochic acid C: isolated from Aristolochia contorta. aristolochic acid C : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, and by a nitro group at position 10.	2.05	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
leucodin leucodin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
limonin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
pseudoprotopine pseudoprotopine: from Thalictrum delavayi; structure in first source	2	1	0
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	2.07	1	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester	anti-arrhythmia drug
Harringtonine harringtonin: alkaloid C from Caphalotaxus fortunei	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
ketopinic acid ketopinic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
gitoxigenin gitoxigenin: structure	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 16beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
graveoline graveoline: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	quinolines
4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en 4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,3abeta,4beta,8aalpha))-isomer; a natural benzyl ester of a carotyl type azulene sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
jatrorrhizine chloride [no description available]	2	1	0
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.11	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.07	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
mimosine L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.	2.07	1	0	4-pyridones; amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.78	3	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.07	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.54	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.07	1	0
deltaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic acetal; diterpene alkaloid; organic polycyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
ruscogenin ruscogenin: basic sapogenin of Ruscus sp.; RN given refers to (1 beta,3 beta,25R)-isomer	3.27	1	0	triterpenoid
ingenol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
picrotin picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.	2.07	1	0	diol; epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
naringin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.07	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.07	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.07	1	0	indolizines
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.52	2	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
metazocine metazocine: more than 13 isomers available; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	benzazocine
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.17	1	0	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.61	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.43	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	7	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.07	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.07	1	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	7.43	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	7.06	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.07	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	phorbol ester	metabolite
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.07	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.07	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
(+)-usnic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	usnic acid
beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.07	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	8.36	5	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
glycosides [no description available]	2.05	1	0
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	3.59	2	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.07	1	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hydrastine, (r-(r,s))-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.07	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.07	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
heliotrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrrolizines
sclareolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	naphthofuran
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.19	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.07	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	2.07	1	0	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.45	2	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.03	1	0
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.43	2	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	2.07	1	0	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.06	1	0
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.07	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.93	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	3.11	4	0	triol
burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.	3.05	1	0	imidazoles
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
brassinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dithiocarbamic ester; indole phytoalexin
chaetomellic acid a chaetomellic acid A: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase	2.07	1	0
hirsutine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
3-deoxyvasicine, hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
emetine dihydrochloride emetine dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.. emetine dihydrochloride hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of emetine.	2.43	2	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; protein synthesis inhibitor
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
silybin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.49	2	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.05	1	0
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.1	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
9,10-dihydrolysergol 9,10-dihydrolysergol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
geranylgeranic acid geranylgeranic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranic acid : A diterpenoid obtained by formal oxidation of the CH2OH group of (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; diterpenoid; methyl-branched fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid
quercetin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.55	8	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
quercitrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	7.42	2	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	2.31	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.47	2	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.07	1	0	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.59	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
butein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
chartreusin chartreusin: structure	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; glycoside
methysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
yangonin yangonin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.07	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
baicalein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
datiscetin datiscetin : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone
diosmetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
diosmin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
tamarixetin tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus. tamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.07	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins A
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
rhoifolin rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; neohesperidoside	metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside 2''-O-rhamnopyranosylvitexin: has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities; isolated from Alternanthera maritima; structure in first source. vitexin 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A derivative of vitexin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; disaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	7.15	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.07	1	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.07	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
natamycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	2.15	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.75	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.31	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.07	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	3.66	9	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
alpha-neoendorphin alpha-neoendorphin: precursor or leucine enkephalin family	2.15	1	0
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	2.11	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.07	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.07	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
thebaine Thebaine: A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound
ag-490 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	7.6	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	1.97	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.07	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.03	1	0	alkali metal atom
trimethyltin trimethyltin : An organotin compound that consists of stannane in which three of the four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	7.41	1	0
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.21	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
kavain [no description available]	2.07	1	0	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
abscisic acid, (+,-)-isomer 2-cis-abscisic acid : A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry.	2.07	1	0	abscisic acids	abscisic acid receptor agonist
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
menisdaurin menisdaurin: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
salutaridine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	anti-HBV agent; metabolite
catharanthine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
cytochalasin e cytochalasin E: structure	2.07	1	0	cytochalasan alkaloid	metabolite
cytochalasin d [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.05	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	7.25	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
6-o-monoacetylmorphine 6-O-monoacetylmorphine: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.07	1	0
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	isoquinolines
morphine-3-glucuronide morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
acetylcodeine [no description available]	2.15	1	0
codeine-6-glucuronide codeine-6-glucuronide: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	2.21	1	0	isoquinolines
(1S,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-[oxo-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.07	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	1.97	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.11	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hydrocotarnine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
salsolinol hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
lasalocid sodium lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.07	1	0	benzoates; organic sodium salt	coccidiostat; ionophore
sclerotiorin sclerotiorin: isolated from monoverticillate Penicillia; RN given for (R-(R,S-(E,E)))-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	azaphilone
himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R,6S)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid	muscarinic antagonist
ebelactone b ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A	2.07	1	0
3-o-methylbutein 3-O-methylbutein: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
thermozymocidin thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino fatty acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sphingoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
marein marein: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
hydroxyachillin hydroxyachillin: isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.07	1	0
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	14.57	387	4	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	3.19	1	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
platensimycin platensimycin: has antidiabetic and antisteatotic activities; a pentacyclic ketolide (structurally similar to adamantane) connected by an amide bond to 3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; inhibits cellular lipid biosynthesis; discovered while screening compounds from Streptomyces platensis bacteria in a South African soil sample with S. aureus bacteria deficient in FabF protein; structure in first source. platensimycin : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the amino group of 3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with the carboxy group of the oxatetracyclic cage component. It is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces platensis and exhibits inhibitory activity against fatty acid synthase.	7.41	1	0	aromatic amide; cyclic ether; cyclic ketone; dihydroxybenzoic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; polycyclic cage	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.43	2	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
fumagillin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.07	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
anisodamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
alpha-solanine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	glycoalkaloid; organic heterohexacyclic compound; steroid saponin; trisaccharide derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
apigenin-7-o-rutinoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.07	1	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.03	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
norcodeine norcodeine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer. norcodeine : A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.	2.15	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
tan 67 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	quinolines
acutumine acutumine: dechloroacutumine is the dechloro derivative of acutumine	2.52	2	0	alkaloid
carmine carminic acid : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	animal metabolite; histological dye
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.07	1	0	flavanones
aristolactam aiiia Aristolactam AIIIa: polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
grayanotoxin iii grayanotoxin III: from leaves of Leucothoe grayana (Ericaceae); RN refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
adl 5859 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.48	2	0	benzoxazole
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.41	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.07	1	0	steroid lactone
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cannogenin thevetoside cannogenin thevetoside: from Thevetia neriifolia; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARDENOLIDES (77-84), CARDANOLIDES (75-76); RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; radical scavenger
bleomycetin bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.6	1	0
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.07	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.52	2	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.15	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2.25	1	0	polypeptide
cortistatin 14 cortistatin: a cortical neuropeptide; shows strong structural similarity to somatostatin; a neuronal depressant; has sleep-modulating activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.15	1	0
bam 22p [no description available]	2.15	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.07	1	0
dihydrorobinetin dihydrorobinetin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	7.17	1	0
monensin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
liriodendrin liriodendrin: 573-33-4 is liriodendrin; from bark of Plumeria rubra; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	2.07	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.17	1	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.15	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.19	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.19	5	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.46	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.07	1	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.07	1	0
vulpinic acid vulpinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source; vulpinic acid refers to (E)-isomer	2.07	1	0	butenolide
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.6	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.25	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hectorite hectorite: clay constituent of bentonite; approx. formula: Na0.67(Mg,Li)6Si8020(OH,F)4	7.13	1	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.07	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	3.13	5	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.52	8	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	2.31	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.1	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.25	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.39	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
alpha-cyclopiazonic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-cyclopiazonic acids
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.98	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.15	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	9.08	45	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	9.08	45	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.07	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	3.33	6	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	3.33	6	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.94	2	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.94	2	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.3	46	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	5.95	8	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	5.95	8	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	6.17	41	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	6.17	41	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.72	2	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.31	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	3.27	5	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	7.31	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	7.59	2	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	7.31	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	4.62	4	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	4.62	4	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.18	4	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.31	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.18	4	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	3.95	4	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	3.95	4	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.66	2	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.45	6	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.45	6	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.45	6	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.45	6	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.41	1	0
Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	4.49	3	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	4.49	3	1
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	7.41	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	7.41	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.41	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.6	1	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.01	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.48	6	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.01	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.48	6	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.41	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.41	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.22	5	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.6	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.6	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.47	5	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.47	5	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	3.52	4	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	3.52	4	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	4.49	7	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	4.49	7	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	7.6	1	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.01	2	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.66	2	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	4.4	19	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.66	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.63	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.96	3	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7.6	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.6	1	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	2.58	2	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.57	2	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	7.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.25	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.21	5	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.25	1	0
Ache [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.3	6	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.61	2	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.25	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	3.51	2	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	8.51	2	0
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	7.25	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.15	5	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.86	3	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.86	3	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	7.25	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	2.25	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	2.31	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.58	2	0
Emesis [description not available]	4.85	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	2.31	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	4.85	2	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.01	4	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.15	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	3.05	4	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	7.15	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.57	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.57	2	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	7.58	2	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.58	2	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	8.42	7	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.57	2	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.57	2	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	3.09	1	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	2.15	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.84	3	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.17	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.55	2	0
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	7.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.52	2	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.52	2	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.37	6	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.75	3	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	7.55	2	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.46	2	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.17	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.17	1	0
Aura [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.17	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	2.52	2	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	7.11	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Ankle Fractures Fractures of any of the bones of the ANKLE.	7.17	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	3.09	1	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	3.09	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	3.78	2	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	3.09	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	3.78	2	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.84	3	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.21	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.57	2	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.21	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.21	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.59	1	1
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.21	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.78	3	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.08	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	2.08	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.08	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	7.49	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	7.1	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.1	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.31	6	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	2.52	2	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.52	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.5	2	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	2.11	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.52	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.11	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.13	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.53	2	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.13	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.13	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2.13	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.78	3	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.13	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.49	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	7.13	1	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	2.15	1	0
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.	2.15	1	0
Synovioma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	2.04	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.41	2	0
DDD MPGNII [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.	2.05	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.43	2	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.94	4	0
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.05	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	7.05	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.06	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	7.07	1	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	7.08	1	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	2.08	1	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	1.93	1	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	1.93	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.93	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	1.93	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	1.93	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	7.02	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	7.03	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.03	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.03	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.03	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	1.98	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Itching [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	1.98	1	0
Anal Fissure [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Fissure in Ano A painful linear tear at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal.	1.99	1	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	1.99	1	0

sinomenine

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Research Demand Index: 38.46

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sinomenine

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (72)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (3)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (37)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (94)

Research

Studies (427)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.46

Study Types

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (590)

Related Conditions (282)