acetaminophen has been researched along with lactic acid in 45 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 4 (8.89) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 1 (2.22) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 18 (40.00) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 19 (42.22) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 3 (6.67) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
Choi, SS; Contrera, JF; Hastings, KL; Kruhlak, NL; Sancilio, LF; Weaver, JL; Willard, JM | 1 |
Buckley, BM; Gray, TA; Vale, JA | 1 |
Hjelle, JJ | 1 |
Acosta, D; Anuforo, DC; Mitchell, DB; Ramos, K; Santone, KS; Smith, MA; Sorensen, EM | 1 |
Appleton, D; Chase, RA; Record, CO; Williams, R | 1 |
Hauser, S; Pitt, JJ | 1 |
Hauser, PC; Tanyanyiwa, J | 1 |
Choi, YW; Han, SK; Lee, JH; Lee, JY; Oh, KS; Yuk, SH | 1 |
Abd-Elbary, A; El-Samaligy, M; Omari, DM; Sallam, A | 1 |
Gillen, G; Mahoney, CM; Roberson, SV | 1 |
Nicoli, S; Santi, P; Sebastiani, P | 1 |
Larsen, FS; Schmidt, LE | 2 |
Billat, V; Garcin, M; Humbert, L; Lhermitte, M; Mille-Hamard, L | 1 |
Betrossian, A; Burroughs, AK; Cholongitas, EB; Leandro, G; Patch, D; Shaw, S | 1 |
Ryan, JD | 1 |
Ciach, T | 1 |
Larsen, FS | 1 |
Al-Rawi, PG; Czosnyka, M; Gimson, A; Hutchinson, PJ; Menon, DK; O'Connell, MT | 1 |
Angus, PW; Bellomo, R; Gow, PJ; Jones, RM; Lontos, S; Lubel, J; MacQuillan, GC; Warrilow, S; Wongseelashote, S | 1 |
Bahr, MJ; Hadem, J; Klempnauer, J; Manns, MP; Rifai, K; Schneider, AS; Stiefel, P; Tillmann, HL; Wedemeyer, H | 1 |
Aswath, P; Uttarwar, M | 1 |
Gharapetian, A; Holmes, DT; Rosenberg, F; Urquhart, N | 1 |
Raghavendran, HR; Srinivasan, P | 1 |
Aswath, P; Pandey, A | 1 |
Kakoulas, C; Kinasewitz, G; Toubia, N; Wallace, DJ; Zein, JG | 1 |
Chuang, MC; Miller, PR; Narayan, R; Santhosh, P; Valdés-Ramírez, G; Wang, J; Windmiller, JR; Zhou, N | 1 |
Dabos, KJ; Hayes, PC; Henderson, NC; Newsome, PN; Parkinson, JA; Plevris, JN; Sadler, IH; Whalen, HR | 1 |
Kobzar, G; Mardla, V; Samel, N | 1 |
Agarwal, B; Betrosian, A; Burroughs, AK; Cholongitas, E; O'Beirne, J; Patch, D; Shaw, S; Theocharidou, E; Vasianopoulou, P | 1 |
Aubert, J; Begriche, K; Delannoy, M; Fromenty, B; Jaeschke, H; Lepage, S; Lucas-Clerc, C; McGill, MR; Morel, I; Pajaud, J; Ribault, C; Robin, MA; Turlin, B | 1 |
Hashimoto, T; Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Kuno, H; Shoda, T; Sugai, S; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, A; Toyoda, K; Yamada, N | 1 |
Auddy, RG; Das, S; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P; Saha, A | 1 |
Bracht, A; Comar, JF; de Oliveira, AL; Gomes da Costa, SM; Natali, MR; Peralta, RM; Rampazzo, AP; Sá-Nakanishi, AB; Soares, AA; Vicentini, FA | 1 |
Abd-Allah, AA; Ahmed, AS; Ahmed, NS; Amer, WH; El Sayed, SM; Hamed, AR; Helmy Nabo, MM; Mahmoud, AG; Mohamed, WG; Seddik, MA | 1 |
Gladden, LB; Goodwin, ML; McDonald, JR; Nijsten, MW; Oldenbeuving, G; Reijngoud, DJ; Sayilir, R | 1 |
Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Sugai, S | 1 |
Ekanem, EE; Gu, S; Nabavi, SA; Vladisavljević, GT | 1 |
Ghannoum, M; Gosselin, S; Grunbaum, AM; Kazim, S; Villeneuve, E | 1 |
Young, CKJ; Young, MJ | 1 |
Hoffman, RS; Manini, AF; Taub, ES | 1 |
Baud, FJ; Bawo, L; Haidar, MK; Kerkula, J; Mayronne, S; Morton, N; Porten, K; Roederer, T | 1 |
Cliffel, DE; Gizzie, EA; Melow, SL; Miller, DR | 1 |
Al-Mousa, AA; Alsalem, MI; Altarifi, AA; Neubert, JK; Nuseir, KQ; Qaoud, AK; Younis, BA | 1 |
2 review(s) available for acetaminophen and lactic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
Safety and outcome of treatment of metastatic melanoma using 3-bromopyruvate: a concise literature review and case study.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Glycolysis; Hexokinase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Necrosis; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Pleural Neoplasms; Prognosis; Pyruvates; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
[Investigation of Predisposition Biomarkers to Identify Risk Factors for Drug-induced Liver Injury in Humans: Analyses of Endogenous Metabolites in an Animal Model Mimicking Human Responders to APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity].
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Disease Models, Animal; Food Deprivation; Humans; Lactic Acid; Nutritional Status; Pyruvic Acid; Risk Factors | 2015 |
1 trial(s) available for acetaminophen and lactic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
Influence of acetaminophen consumption on perceived exertion at the lactate concentration threshold.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Exercise; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Physical Fitness; Running; Set, Psychology; Substance Abuse Detection | 2005 |
42 other study(ies) available for acetaminophen and lactic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
Topics: | 2008 |
Hyperlactataemia and metabolic acidosis following paracetamol overdose.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Suicide, Attempted; Time Factors | 1987 |
Hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid regulation during acetaminophen biotransformation in rats.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Biotransformation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; NAD; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylamides; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid; Uridine Diphosphate Sugars | 1986 |
An in vitro approach to the study of target organ toxicity of drugs and chemicals.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Biotransformation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cephaloridine; Heart; Isoproterenol; Kidney Cortex; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Metals; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Toxicology; Urea | 1985 |
Disturbances of lactate metabolism in patients with liver damage due to paracetamol overdose.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1981 |
Transient 5-oxoprolinuria and high anion gap metabolic acidosis: clinical and biochemical findings in eleven subjects.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetaminophen; Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Infant; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylpropionates; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 1998 |
High-voltage capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for microchip capillary electrophoresis.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Citric Acid; Electric Conductivity; Electrodes; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Ibuprofen; Lactic Acid; Metals, Heavy; Salicylic Acid; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2002 |
Hydrogen-bonded polymer gel and its application as a temperature-sensitive drug delivery system.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Capsules; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Complex Mixtures; Diffusion; Drug Delivery Systems; Gels; Hydrogen Bonding; Lactic Acid; Materials Testing; Molecular Weight; Phase Transition; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polymers; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Propylene Glycols; Surface Properties; Temperature | 2004 |
Lactic acid-induced modifications in films of Eudragit RL and RS aqueous dispersions.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acrylic Resins; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Permeability; Polymers; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tablets; Water | 2004 |
Depth profiling of 4-acetamindophenol-doped poly(lactic acid) films using cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Delayed-Action Preparations; Lactic Acid; Polyesters; Polymers; Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion | 2004 |
Effect of lactic acid and iontophoresis on drug permeation across rabbit ear skin.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Topical; Animals; Biological Availability; Buspirone; Cell Membrane Permeability; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ear; Excipients; Ibuprofen; Iontophoresis; Lactic Acid; Lysine; Rabbits; Skin Absorption | 2005 |
Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome | 2006 |
King's criteria, APACHE II, and SOFA scores in acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; APACHE; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis | 2006 |
Survival after marked hyperlactaemia.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Critical Care; Dextropropoxyphene; Drug Combinations; Heart Arrest; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Prognosis; Sodium Bicarbonate | 2006 |
Microencapsulation of drugs by electro-hydro-dynamic atomization.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Budesonide; Drug Compounding; Electrochemistry; Glucocorticoids; Indicators and Reagents; Lactic Acid; Paclitaxel; Particle Size; Polyesters; Polymers; Solubility; Solvents | 2006 |
Is it worthwhile to use cerebral microdialysis in patients with acute liver failure?
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Edema; Critical Care; Extracellular Fluid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Microdialysis; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pyruvic Acid | 2006 |
Microdialysis in the management of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Edema; Critical Care; Dextropropoxyphene; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glucose; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Pyruvic Acid; Risperidone | 2006 |
Time to review the selection criteria for transplantation in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure?
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Biomarkers; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Patient Selection; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Prognostic implications of lactate, bilirubin, and etiology in German patients with acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Hepatitis B; Humans; Incidence; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Survival Rate | 2008 |
Fabrication of porous, drug-releasing, biodegradable, polymer scaffolds for sustained drug release.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Freeze Drying; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Polyesters; Polymers; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Porosity | 2008 |
Dehydrogenase interference with enzymatic ethanol assays: forgotten but not gone.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Ethanol; False Positive Reactions; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Liver; Necrosis | 2008 |
Effect of crude sulphated polysaccharide from brown algae against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Death; Drug Overdose; Globulins; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Liver Glycogen; Male; Phaeophyceae; Polysaccharides; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serum Albumin | 2008 |
Is lactate concentration of major value in determining the prognosis in patients with acute liver failure? Hardly.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Patient Selection; Prognosis | 2010 |
Indentation creep reservoirs for drug-eluting poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Drug Delivery Systems; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Materials Testing; Mechanical Phenomena; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polyesters; Polymers; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tissue Engineering | 2011 |
Early anion gap metabolic acidosis in acetaminophen overdose.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Variance; Causality; Chi-Square Distribution; Confusion; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Incidence; Lactic Acid; Lethargy; Male; New York; Oklahoma; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors | 2010 |
Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Ascorbic Acid; Biofouling; Biosensing Techniques; Carbon; Catalysis; Electrochemical Techniques; Glucose; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lactic Acid; Microelectrodes; Transducers; Uric Acid | 2011 |
Impaired gluconeogenesis in a porcine model of paracetamol induced acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Amino Acids; Animals; Biomarkers; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Gluconeogenesis; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyruvic Acid; Swine; Time Factors | 2011 |
Short-term exposure of platelets to glucose impairs inhibition of platelet aggregation by cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose; Humans; Indomethacin; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Count; Platelet-Rich Plasma | 2011 |
Comparison of the sequential organ failure assessment score with the King's College Hospital criteria and the model for end-stage liver disease score for the prognosis of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; APACHE; Biomarkers; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Logistic Models; London; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Patient Selection; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Differences in early acetaminophen hepatotoxicity between obese ob/ob and db/db mice.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetaminophen; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; DNA, Mitochondrial; Fatty Liver; Female; Glucuronides; Glutathione; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Obesity; Sulfates; Triglycerides | 2012 |
Enhancement of acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in restricted fed rats: a nonclinical approach to acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in susceptible patients.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Alanine Transaminase; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Antipyretics; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Creatine; Creatinine; Diet; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Lactic Acid; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Risk Factors; Taurine | 2012 |
Engineered andrographolide nanoparticles mitigate paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diterpenes; Heparin; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Mice; Nanoparticles; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer | 2013 |
Effects of an Agaricus blazei aqueous extract pretreatment on paracetamol-induced brain and liver injury in rats.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Agaricus; Alanine; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Complex Mixtures; Enzyme Assays; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2013 |
A patient with acute liver failure and extreme hypoglycaemia with lactic acidosis who was not in a coma: causes and consequences of lactate-protected hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acidosis, Lactic; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Blood Glucose; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged | 2014 |
Structured Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles for Drug Delivery Produced Using Flow Focusing Glass Microfluidic Devices.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Emulsions; Lactic Acid; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Polyesters; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polymers; Rheology; X-Ray Diffraction | 2015 |
Massive acetaminophen overdose: effect of hemodialysis on acetaminophen and acetylcysteine kinetics.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Coma; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Ethanol; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Ibuprofen; Lactic Acid; Liver; Renal Dialysis | 2016 |
Comparison of HepaRG cells following growth in proliferative and differentiated culture conditions reveals distinct bioenergetic profiles.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenosine Triphosphate; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Respiration; Culture Media; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Hepatocytes; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms; Metformin; Oxidative Phosphorylation | 2019 |
Incidence and risk factors for hyperlactatemia in ED patients with acute metformin overdose.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acidosis, Lactic; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Case-Control Studies; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Hyperlactatemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Evaluating lactate prognostic value in children suspected of acetaminophen-induced liver failure in Liberia.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Liberia; Male; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome | 2020 |
A low-interference, high-resolution multianalyte electrochemical biosensor.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Glucose; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction | 2020 |
Preclinical comparison of antinociceptive effects between ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and acetaminophen on acid-stimulated body stretching and acid-depressed feeding behaviors in rats.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Feeding Behavior; Ibuprofen; Lactic Acid; Male; Naproxen; Pain; Rats | 2022 |