enrofloxacin profile

Enrofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent widely used in veterinary medicine. It is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the condensation of a substituted aniline with a substituted pyridinecarboxylate. Enrofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication and repair, thus preventing bacterial growth. Its broad-spectrum activity covers a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Enrofloxacin is crucial for treating bacterial infections in animals, including respiratory infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections. Research on enrofloxacin focuses on optimizing its therapeutic efficacy, understanding its pharmacokinetic properties, investigating potential side effects, and exploring its potential application in human medicine. This research is driven by the need to combat bacterial resistance, improve animal health, and develop novel antibacterial therapies.'

Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	71188
CHEMBL ID	15511
CHEBI ID	35720
SCHEMBL ID	149150
MeSH ID	M0150025

Synonym
AC-7614
cfpq
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-
endrofloxicin
enrofloxacinum [latin]
enrofloxacine [french]
enrofloxacin [usan:ban:inn]
brn 5307824
bay vp 2674
1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
enrofloxacino [spanish]
hsdb 6952
MLS001076496
HMS3394O09
AB00384269-16
baytril
smr000059011
bay-vp-2674
enroxil
CHEBI:35720 ,
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
enrofloxacine
pd160788 ,
enrofloxacin
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
n-ethylciprofloxacin
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
93106-60-6
cpd000059011
D02473
baytril (tn)
enrofloxacin (usp/inn)
erfx
NCGC00021632-03
MLS000069441 ,
SPECTRUM1503721
NCGC00018143-01
HMS2052O09
HMS2090E12
HMS2093I21
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
E0786
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolonecarboxylic acid
nsc-758616
CHEMBL15511
enrofloxacin for veterinary use
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
NCGC00018143-04
A844445
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoranyl-4-oxidanylidene-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
NCGC00018143-02
NCGC00018143-03
STK711109
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxohydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
BBL009982
pharmakon1600-01503721
MLS001424169
nsc758616
dtxcid9025619
dtxsid1045619 ,
tox21_110831
cas-93106-60-6
enrofloxacino
enrofloxacinum
HMS2234M11
CCG-101102
AKOS005530685
enrofloxacin [usan:usp:inn:ban]
ccris 8214
nsc 758616
3dx3xek1bn ,
unii-3dx3xek1bn
FT-0625663
S3059
HMS3373P14
enrofloxacin [usp impurity]
enrofloxacin [hsdb]
enrofloxacin [usp-rs]
enrofloxacin [inn]
enrofloxacin for veterinary use [ep monograph]
enrofloxacin [green book]
enrofloxacin for veterinary use [ep impurity]
enrofloxacin [usan]
enrofloxacin [mi]
enrofloxacin [mart.]
enrofloxacin [usp monograph]
DL-384
HY-B0502
SCHEMBL149150
NC00352
NCGC00018143-05
tox21_110831_1
KS-5010
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid
enrofloxacin base
OPERA_ID_1106
AB00384269_18
AB00384269_17
mfcd00792463
bay-vp2674
enrofloxacin, vetranal(tm), analytical standard
enrofloxacin, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
enrofloxacin, >=98.0% (hplc)
enrofloxacin, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
enrofloxacin for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
enrofloxacin, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
sr-01000000045
SR-01000000045-3
SBI-0206725.P001
HMS3715B18
enrofloxacin (usan/inn)
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 9ci
FT-0667862
BCP15457
Q414413
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3- quinolonecarboxylic acid
bay-vp2674;pd160788
DB11404
bay vp 2674;pd160788
BRD-K76534306-001-11-0
F81544
enrofloxacin 1000 microg/ml in acetonitrile
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazino)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
SY052755
enrofloxacin for veterinary use (ep impurity)
enroflox
enrofloxacin (usp monograph)
enroquin antibacterial
enromed
quellaxcin
enroquin
enrofloxacin (usp impurity)
enrosite
tenotryl
enrofloxacin flavored tablets
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolineca rboxyl acid
baytril soft chewable tablets
enroflox injection for dogs 2.27%
enrofloxacinum (latin)
enroflox chewable tablets
enrofloxacin (usp-rs)
enrofloxacin 100
enrositeflavored
baytril antibacterial tablets, baytril taste tabs antibacterial tablets
solutionkitsenrofloxacin
1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolineca rboxyl acid
enrofloxacin for veterinary use (ep monograph)
baytril antibacterial injectable solution
enroflox 100
fluroxinflavored
enromed 100
baytril 100 injectable solution
fluroxinfor dogs 2.27%
zobuxa
enrofloxacin (mart.)
enrofloxacin (usan:usp:inn:ban)
enrofloxacin antibacterial injectable solution
enrofloxacinflavored

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a broad-spectrum fungicide that has been largely applied in pharmacy and animal-specific medicine. "	( Selective detection of enrofloxacin in biological and environmental samples using a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on functionalized copper nanoclusters. Chen, L; Jiang, S; Liang, Y; Luan, F; Tian, C; Wang, D; Wang, X; Zhuang, X, 2022)	2.47
"Enrofloxacin is a compound that originates from a group of fluoroquinolones that is widely used in veterinary medicine as an antibacterial agent (this antibiotic is not approved for use as a drug in humans). "	( Enrofloxacin-The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections? Choszcz, M; Cyske, Z; Gaffke, L; Grabowski, Ł; Pierzynowska, K; Węgrzyn, A; Węgrzyn, G, 2022)	3.61
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has been used to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture extensively. "	( Benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic frameworks for real-time visual onsite assays of enrofloxacin. Chen, L; Kuang, L; Li, M; Li, Y; Lin, C; Song, Y; Wang, L; Yang, L, 2022)	2.39
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a kind of quinolone antibiotic that is most widely used antimicrobials in veterinary practice, and possesses both a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria and adverse effects towards plants and animals."	( Blood-brain barrier permeability to enrofloxacin in Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze). Huang, J; Liu, H; Ruan, J; Wang, L; Wang, R; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhong, Z, 2022)	2.44
"Enrofloxacin is a clinically important fluoroquinolone antibiotic with high residual concentrations in livestock manure, and propagation of fluoroquinolone resistance genes poses a huge risk to public health."	( Residual enrofloxacin in cattle manure increased persistence and dissemination risk of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion. Gu, J; Qian, X; Sun, W; Wang, X, 2023)	2.05
"Enrofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic targeting DNA gyrase and has become the commonly detected micropollutant in aquatic environments. "	( Ecotoxicological effect of enrofloxacin on Jiang, X; Li, F; Wang, D; Wu, W, 2023)	2.65
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic and is frequently detected in water environments. "	( Oxidation towards enrofloxacin degradation over nanoscale zero-valent copper: mechanism and products. Chen, J; Gan, J; Gong, Z; Li, J; Liu, J; Liu, T; Xie, J, 2023)	2.69
"Enrofloxacin is an important antimicrobial drug that is widely used in aquaculture. "	( Transcriptomics Analysis of the Toxicological Impact of Enrofloxacin in an Aquatic Environment on the Chinese Mitten Crab ( Hua, C; Huo, G; Li, J; Li, S; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, X; Zhou, F, 2023)	2.6
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is frequently detected in the environment. "	( Short-term exposure to enrofloxacin causes hepatic metabolism disorder associated with intestinal flora dysbiosis in adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Cui, P; Liu, Y; Qin, Y; Ru, S; Wang, J; Wang, M; Yang, H, 2023)	2.66
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used due to its efficacy against pathogens. "	( Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) physiological response to microplastics and enrofloxacin: Novel pathways to investigate microplastic synergistic effects on pharmaceuticals. Amini, M; Banaee, M; Faggio, C; Faraji, J; Multisanti, CR, 2023)	2.58
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a kind of widespread hazardous pollutant on aquatic ecosystems and causes toxic effects, such as disorders of metabolism, on aquatic animals. "	( Enrofloxacin (ENR) exposure induces lipotoxicity by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation via dephosphorylation of DRP1 at S627 site. He, Y; Luo, Z; Lv, WH; Tan, XY; Wei, XL; Xu, YC; Zhang, DG, 2023)	3.8
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic for antibacterial treatment of edible animal. "	( Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Determination of Enrofloxacin in Pork Liver and Chicken. Chen, J; Dzantiev, BB; Eremin, SA; Lei, H; Lv, S; Shen, X; Sun, X; Sun, Y; Xu, J; Zherdev, AV, 2019)	2.2
"Enrofloxacin is a concentration-dependent antimicrobial used in bacterial infections in poultry. "	( The influence of age and body weight gain on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in turkeys-Allometric approach to dose optimization. Bobrek, K; Motykiewicz-Pers, K; Poźniak, B; Świtała, M; Tikhomirov, M, 2020)	2.26
"Enrofloxacin is an important antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of "	( Enrofloxacin Shifts Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Profiling and Hinders Recovery from Salmonella enterica subsp. Gao, Y; Kong, L; Lei, C; Li, C; Ma, B; Mei, X; Wang, H; Zhai, X, 2020)	3.44
"Enrofloxacin (EF) is a veterinary drug for respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. "	( Short communication: Alteration in blood parameters by enrofloxacin in juvenile lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, Linnaeus, 1758) after intramuscular injection. Bertini, S; Ceneri, F; Cortinovis, L; de la Casa Resino, I; Mandrioli, L; Medri, G; Mordenti, O; Perez-Lopez, M; Sirri, R; Zaccaroni, A, 2017)	2.15
"Enrofloxacin (EF) is a widely used fluoroquinolone, usually regarded as a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections. "	( Effects of enrofloxacin on antioxidant system, microsomal enzymatic activity, and proteomics in porcine liver. Ai, X; Li, Y; Mou, Y; Qiu, J; Thunders, M; Wu, Y; Zhou, X, 2018)	2.31
"Enrofloxacin is an antimicrobial for oral use, from the fluoroquinolones of second-generation class, and it is the first fluoroquinolone used in veterinary for the treatment of bacterial infections. "	( New and miniaturized method for analysis of enrofloxacin in palatable tablets. de Souza, MJM; Kogawa, AC; Salgado, HRN, 2019)	2.22
"Enrofloxacin is a fluorquinolone exclusively developed for use in veterinary medicine (1980). "	( Enrofloxacin: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in domestic animal species. Diez-Liébana, MJ; Fernández-Martínez, N; García-Vieitez, JJ; López-Cadenas, C; Sahagún-Prieto, A; Sierra-Vega, M, 2013)	3.28
"Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone derivative used for treating urinary tract, respiratory and skin infections in animals. "	( Polyvinylpyrrolidone oral films of enrofloxacin: film characterization and drug release. Gupta, R; Kumar, GP; Manali, N; Phani, AR; Prabhakara, GS; Prasad, RG; Raju, DB; Rashmi, N; Salins, CP; Sandeep, K; Sanganal, JS, 2014)	2.12
"As enrofloxacin is a weak inhibitor, further studies are required to confirm the sensitivity of tizanidine as an in vivo probe."	( Evaluation of tizanidine as a marker of canine CYP1A2 activity. Adcock, JM; Daniels, JS; Locuson, CW; Williams, P, 2016)	0.95
"Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolones that is widely used to treat bacterial infections. "	( Effect of Enrofloxacin on Histochemistry, Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Changes in Lamb Articular Cartilage. Ghadrdan, A; Hashemi Tabar, M; Khazaeel, K; Mazaheri, Y; Morovvati, H; Najafzadeh, H, 2015)	2.26
"Enrofloxacin (EFX) is an important antimicrobial used in veterinary practice but it is known to exert immune suppression antioxidant stress."	( Protective role of biogenic selenium nanoparticles in immunological and oxidative stress generated by enrofloxacin in broiler chicken. Jadhav, VV; Kadam, A; Kim, KH; Mane, RS; Naushad, M; Shirsat, S; Zate, MK, 2016)	1.37
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a fluoroquinolone developed exclusively for the use in veterinary practice for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and ciprofloxacin (CIP) is its main active metabolite. "	( Development and application of a capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescent method for the analysis of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in milk. Jia, L; Tang, Y; Xing, D; Zhou, X; Zhu, D, 2008)	2
"Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolones that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in animals. "	( Effect of increasing doses of enrofloxacin on chicken articular cartilage. Jaroszewski, JJ; Maślanka, T; Mikołajczyk, A; Rotkiewicz, T, 2009)	2.08
"Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat infections in companion animals. "	( In vitro killing of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by enrofloxacin in combination with its active metabolite ciprofloxacin using clinically relevant drug concentrations in the dog and cat. Blondeau, BJ; Blondeau, JM; Blondeau, LD; Borsos, S, 2012)	2.04
"Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known to control infection against several bacteria in veterinary medicine."	( Enrofloxacin is able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Barbosa, BF; Ferro, EA; Gomes, AO; Mineo, JR; Napolitano, DR; Silva, NM, 2012)	2.54
"Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for the treatment of infections in animals. "	( Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against enrofloxacin. Chusri, M; Komolpis, K; Palaga, T; Puthong, S; Sooksai, S; Wongphanit, P, 2013)	2.07
"Enrofloxacin is a synthetic bacteriostatic administered in veterinary therapy. "	( Assessment of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin accumulation in pig and calf hair by HPLC and fluorimetric detection. Castellari, M; García-Regueiro, JA; Gratacós-Cubarsí, M, 2007)	2.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Enrofloxacin (ENFX) has a broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, which is widely used in aquaculture. "	( Effects of enrofloxacin's exposure on the gut microbiota of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Chen, J; Deng, X; Li, Q; Tan, C; Xie, L; Yang, X; Zhang, Q, 2023)	2.74
"Enrofloxacin (ENFX) has a broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, which is widely used in aquaculture. "	( Effects of enrofloxacin's exposure on the gut microbiota of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Chen, J; Deng, X; Li, Q; Tan, C; Xie, L; Yang, X; Zhang, Q, 2023)	2.74
"Enrofloxacin (Enro) has been widely encountered in natural water sources, and that water is often used for irrigation in crop production systems. "	( Pharmaceutical-contaminated irrigation water: implications for ornamental plant production and phytoremediation using enrofloxacin-accumulating species. Brito, JCM; Carneiro, DM; Dos Reis, MV; Gomes, MP; Kitamura, RSA; Kochi, LY; Rocha, CS, 2023)	2.56
"Enrofloxacin (ENX) has been widely used in the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in sturgeon aquaculture due to its characteristics of wide antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial activity, less toxicity and fewer side effects, rapid action, extensive in vivo distribution, and little cross-resistance with other antibiotics. "	( Rule of accumulation of enrofloxacin in Acipenser baerii and drug-induced damage to the tissues. Li, S; Lu, T; Wang, D, 2016)	2.18
"Enrofloxacin has been shown to be effective against a variety of equine pathogens, but oral administration of this drug has proved difficult in horses."	( Pharmacokinetics, stability, and retrospective analysis of use of an oral gel formulation of the bovine injectable enrofloxacin in horses. Boothe, D; Chandler, J; Cohen, N; Epstein, K; Nieuwoudt, C, 2004)	1.25
"Enrofloxacin has been increasingly used in veterinary medicine to treat microbial infections. "	( Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay for enrofloxacin in biological matrices. Kido, Y; Satake, A; Tsuji, A; Watanabe, H, 2002)	1.98

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Enrofloxacin is known to cause retinal toxicity in domestic cats. "	( INVESTIGATION OF ENROFLOXACIN-ASSOCIATED RETINAL TOXICITY IN NONDOMESTIC FELIDS. Beard, LK; Newkirk, KM; Ramsay, EC; Sun, X, 2017)	2.24

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Enrofloxacin treatment provided 100% survival and the phage cocktail treatment provided 90% survival."	( Phage Cocktail Targeting STEC O157:H7 Has Comparable Efficacy and Superior Recovery Compared with Enrofloxacin in an Enteric Murine Model. Barr, JJ; Dai, J; Li, J; Ren, J; Subedi, D; Tang, F; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Xue, F, 2022)	1.66
"Enrofloxacin treatment up-regulated the expression IL-1β and TNF-α, and down-regulated IL-10, and decreasing the expression level ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin."	( The effects of enrofloxacin exposure on responses to oxidative stress, intestinal structure and intestinal microbiome community of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Jiang, X; Liu, C; Liu, H; Lu, Y; Pan, K; Qi, X; Song, Y; Xu, H, 2024)	2.52
"Oral enrofloxacin treatment altered the gut microbiome promoting anti-inflammatory bacteria. "	( Oral treatment with enrofloxacin creates anti-inflammatory environment that supports induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Majewska-Szczepanik, M; Marcińska, K; Strzępa, A; Szczepanik, M, 2019)	1.35
"Oral enrofloxacin treatment skewed the profile of the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype locally in small intestinal Peyer's Patches (PP) and systematically in the spleen (SPL)."	( Oral treatment with enrofloxacin creates anti-inflammatory environment that supports induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Majewska-Szczepanik, M; Marcińska, K; Strzępa, A; Szczepanik, M, 2019)	1.29
"Enrofloxacin-treated cows had lower SCC compared with placebo-treated cows at first monthly milk recordings after being treated for mastitis."	( Efficacy of enrofloxacin for the treatment of acute clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli in dairy cows. Katholm, J; Landin, H; Mörk, MJ; Persson, Y, 2015)	1.52
"In enrofloxacin treated rats, total sperm count and viability decreased where as sperm abnormalities increased."	( Evaluation of ameliorative potential of supranutritional selenium on enrofloxacin-induced testicular toxicity. Khan, AM; Rampal, S; Rungsung, S; Singh Saini, SP; Sood, NK, 2016)	1.18
"Enrofloxacin treatment in the drinking water was started 24 h after O."	( The effect of reduced treatment time and dosage of enrofloxacin on the course of respiratory disease caused by avian metapneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Froyman, R; Garmyn, A; Haesebrouck, F; Ludwig, C; Martel, A; Nauwynck, H; Pasmans, F, 2009)	1.33
"Enrofloxacin treatment did not increase bacteriological (90.5% of treated vs."	( Efficacy of enrofloxacin in the treatment of naturally occurring acute clinical Escherichia coli mastitis. Kaartinen, L; Mustonen, K; Pyörälä, S; Simojoki, H; Suojala, L, 2010)	1.46
"HDSD enrofloxacin treatment was not inferior to a conventional amoxicillin-clavulanic acid protocol for the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial UTI in dogs. "	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of high dose short duration enrofloxacin treatment regimen for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in dogs. Chew, DJ; Daniels, JB; Irom, S; Keil, D; Settje, T; Smith, A; Sykes, JE; Wang, Y; Westropp, JL, )	0.88
"Enrofloxacin treatment of chickens infected with fluoroquinolone(FQ)-sensitive Campylobacter promoted the emergence of FQ-resistant Campylobacter mutants which propagated in the intestinal tract and recolonized the chickens. "	( In vivo selection of Campylobacter isolates with high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance associated with gyrA mutations and the function of the CmeABC efflux pump. Lin, J; Luo, N; Michel, LO; Sahin, O; Zhang, Q, 2003)	1.76
"Enrofloxacin-treated dogs were more effectively colonized by MDREC, evidenced by a significantly increased count of MDREC in the faeces (7.1 +/- 1.5 log(10) g(-1)) compared with non-antibiotic-treated dogs (5.2 +/- 1.2; P = 0.003)."	( Canine model for investigating the impact of oral enrofloxacin on commensal coliforms and colonization with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Bensink, JC; Chin, JJ; Downs, MT; Filippich, LJ; McKenzie, SE; Moss, SM; Townsend, KM; Trott, DJ, 2004)	1.3
"Enrofloxacin treatment of urinary tract infections was successful in a breeding herd."	( [The therapy of urinary tract infections in sows]. Sobestiansky, J; Wendt, M, 1995)	1.01
"The enrofloxacin treatment did not increase opportunistic colonization by SE due to the use of the antibiotic in either trial."	( Elimination of early Salmonella enteritidis infection after treatment with competitive-exclusion culture and enrofloxacin in experimentally infected chicks. Gast, RK; Hofacre, CL; Holt, PS; Seo, KH, 2000)	1
"The enrofloxacin-Na-treated piglets showed a higher increase in body weight and a lower feed per gain than the control piglets."	( Effect of enrofloxacin-Na against pathogens related to the respiratory and alimentary diseases in suckling and weanling piglets. Chang, BS; Lee, BJ; Lee, YS; Park, BK; Yoo, HS, 2001)	1.19
"Treatment with enrofloxacin did not result in a higher probability of survival compared with placebo."	( Efficacy of enrofloxacin for the treatment of acute clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli in dairy cows. Katholm, J; Landin, H; Mörk, MJ; Persson, Y, 2015)	1.14
"Oral treatment with enrofloxacin suppresses CS and production of anti-trinitrophenyl chloride IgG1 antibodies. "	( Broad spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin modulates contact sensitivity through gut microbiota in a murine model. Lobo, FM; Majewska-Szczepanik, M; Strzępa, A; Szczepanik, M; Wen, L, 2017)	1.08
"Treatment with enrofloxacin would not be recommended for a bacterial organism intermediate or resistant in susceptibility to enrofloxacin since appropriate levels of enrofloxacin would not be attained."	( Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end-stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Cole, LK; Hillier, A; Kwochka, KW; Lehman, AM; Papich, MG; Smeak, DD, 2009)	0.96
"The treatment of enrofloxacin synthetic wastewaters using conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO), ozonation and Fenton oxidation has been studied. "	( Oxidation of enrofloxacin with conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation, ozonation and Fenton oxidation: a comparison. Brillas, E; Cañizares, P; Centellas, F; Guinea, E; Rodrigo, MA; Sáez, C, 2009)	1.06
"Treatment with enrofloxacin and flunixin enhanced elimination of bacteria, but the difference from those receiving flunixin alone was not significant."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and flunixin meglumine for treatment of cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Hiekkaranta, M; Kaartinen, L; Niemi, A; Pyörälä, S; Rantala, M; Saari, L; Stryrman, M; Välimäki, E, 2002)	0.94
"Treatment with enrofloxacin, clofazamine, rifampin, and interferon did not result in long-term success."	( Disseminated Mycobacterium avium--intracellulare complex infection in a miniature schnauzer. Brix, AE; Greene, CE; Miller, MA, )	0.47
"Treatment with enrofloxacin affected the elimination rate of bacteria at hours +14, +18, +24, +48, and +72 after challenge, but not the bacteriological cure rate (five out of six for treated and three out of six for nontreated cows)."	( Effect of antibiotic induced bacterial clearance in the udder on L-selectin shedding of blood neutrophils in cows with Escherichia coli mastitis. Burvenich, C; Massart-Leën, AM; Monfardini, E; Paape, MJ; Smits, E, 1999)	0.64
"Treatment with enrofloxacin accelerated the clearance of bacteria from the infected quarters, but had no effect on the chemiluminescence response of isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes."	( Treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis in cows with enrofloxacin: effect on clinical signs and chemiluminescence of circulating neutrophils. Burvenich, C; Hamann, J; Hoeben, BD; Monfardini, E, 2000)	0.89
"Treatment with enrofloxacin did not eliminate SPA reactions during the 29-wk trial period."	( Monitoring Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infection in breeder chickens after treatment with enrofloxacin. Aggrey, SE; Hofacre, CL; Kleven, SH; Speksnijder, G; Stanley, WA, )	0.68

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Concentrations between 50 and 5000 microgl(-1) induced both toxic effect and hormesis in plants, by significantly modifying both length of primary root, hypocotyl, cotyledons and the number/length of leaves."	( Phytotoxicity to and uptake of enrofloxacin in crop plants. Cozzolino, S; Fiori, M; Migliore, L, 2003)	0.6
"The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of enrofloxacin (EF) on Tra catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, in relation with density stress."	( Adverse effects of enrofloxacin when associated with environmental stress in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Danyi, S; Douny, C; Hien, NN; Huong, DT; Huynh, TT; Kestemont, P; Nkejabega, N; Phuong, NT; Scippo, ML; Silvestre, F; Wang, N; Widart, J, 2009)	0.92
" While enrofloxacin was more toxic to green algae, ciprofloxacin was more toxic to cyanobacteria."	( Toxicity of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to photoautotrophic aquatic organisms. Bachmann, J; Ebert, I; Kühnen, U; Kussatz, C; Küster, A; Maletzki, D; Schlüter, C, 2011)	1.09
" Lower urinary tract signs and adverse events also were recorded."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of high dose short duration enrofloxacin treatment regimen for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in dogs. Chew, DJ; Daniels, JB; Irom, S; Keil, D; Settje, T; Smith, A; Sykes, JE; Wang, Y; Westropp, JL, )	0.37
" The results indicated that the toxic effects of enrofloxacin alone on soil enzymatic activities were relatively small and showed no concentration dependence."	( Toxicity of enrofloxacin and cadmium alone and in combination to enzymatic activities and microbial community structure in soil. Ahmad, Z; Wang, J; Wang, L; Yan, S; Zhang, W; Zhu, L, 2019)	1.15
" Fluoroquinolones are commonly used medications to treat severe avian bacterial infections; however, their adverse effects on birds remain understudied."	( Reproductive toxicity of fluoroquinolones in birds. Abdelsalam, EEE; Anisimov, N; Bandouchova, H; Havelkova, B; Heger, T; Hruba, H; Kanova, M; Kovacova, V; Nemcova, M; Piacek, V; Pikula, J; Sedlackova, J; Vitula, F, 2019)	0.51
"Fluoroquinolones induce complex adverse effects on avian embryonic development, considerably reducing the performance of incubated eggs and hatching chicks."	( Reproductive toxicity of fluoroquinolones in birds. Abdelsalam, EEE; Anisimov, N; Bandouchova, H; Havelkova, B; Heger, T; Hruba, H; Kanova, M; Kovacova, V; Nemcova, M; Piacek, V; Pikula, J; Sedlackova, J; Vitula, F, 2019)	0.51
"This study aimed to determine the adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin application on the fertility of Saanen bucks."	( Adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin on the fertility of Saanen bucks. Kara, M; Koşal, V; Taşpınar, F; Uslu, BA; Yücel, UM, 2021)	1.12
" Enrofloxacin and levofloxacin caused significant growth inhibition, ultrastructural alterations, photosynthetic suppression, and stimulation of the antioxidant system, with levofloxacin exhibiting the strongest toxic effects."	( Comparative study of the toxicity mechanisms of quinolone antibiotics on soybean seedlings: Insights from molecular docking and transcriptomic analysis. Chen, J; Li, Z; Liu, H; Shen, L; Wen, Y; Zhang, P; Zhao, W, 2023)	1.82
"Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a kind of widespread hazardous pollutant on aquatic ecosystems and causes toxic effects, such as disorders of metabolism, on aquatic animals."	( Enrofloxacin (ENR) exposure induces lipotoxicity by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation via dephosphorylation of DRP1 at S627 site. He, Y; Luo, Z; Lv, WH; Tan, XY; Wei, XL; Xu, YC; Zhang, DG, 2023)	3.8

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The distributional phase was rapid with a half-life of 6-7 min for both doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Babish, JG; Bowser, PR; St Leger, J; Wooster, GA, 1992)	0.61
" After IV administration, a rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with a half-life of 131."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular injection in rabbits. Arboix, M; Cabanes, A; Garcia Anton, JM; Reig, F, 1992)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that THEO serum levels and elimination were not altered by concurrent CP administration."	( Effects of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials alone and in conjunction with theophylline on seizures in amygdaloid kindled rats. Mechanistic and pharmacokinetic study. Schwark, WS; Vancutsem, PM, 1992)	0.28
"The pharmacokinetic properties of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial enrofloxacin were studied in New Zealand White rabbits."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin in rabbits. Babish, JG; Brooks, DL; Broome, RL; Conzelman, GM; Copeland, DD, 1991)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic values analyzed by use of multivariant stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that the area under the concentration-time curve, but not time above minimum inhibitory concentration, was significant in predicting efficacy of enrofloxacin treatment."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in clinically normal dogs and mice and drug pharmacodynamics in neutropenic mice with Escherichia coli and staphylococcal infections. McClure, JT; Meinen, JB; Rosin, E, 1995)	0.8
" The aims of this study were to examine and compare the pharmacokinetic properties of the quinolones oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin after intravascular and oral administration to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by using identical experimental designs."	( Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of four quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in seawater at 10 degrees C. Horsberg, TE; Martinsen, B, 1995)	0.7
"The pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin were determined in broiler chickens after single IV and orally administered doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight."	( Pharmacokinetics and residues of enrofloxacin in chickens. Anadón, A; Bringas, P; Díaz, MJ; Fernández, MC; Fernández, R; Fernàndez-Cruz, ML; Martínez, MA; Martínez-Larrañaga, MR, 1995)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of both substances were calculated by use of statistical moments and were compared to those of enrofloxacin described in the veterinary literature."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs. Küng, K; Riond, JL; Wanner, M, 1993)	0.82
" The time course of ENR and CIP was fitted by nonlinear least squares regression analysis, and the pharmacokinetic variables were compared."	( Penetration of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin into breast milk, and pharmacokinetics of the drugs in lactating rabbits and neonatal offspring. Abadía, AR; Aramayona, JJ; Bregante, MA; Fraile, LJ; García, MA; Mora, J, 1996)	0.65
"-10), providing pharmacokinetic evidence to justify therapeutic efficacy trials with the lower dose."	( Multiple route and dose pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Babish, JG; Bowser, PR; Bustos, PS; Stoffregen, DA; Wooster, GA, 1997)	0.56
"632 micrograms/ml and an elimination half-life of 41."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous enrofloxacin dose in scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah). Boothe, DM; Gamble, KC; Heatley, JJ; Helmick, KE; Jensen, JM, 1997)	0.56
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin was compared in four one-day-old and four one-week-old calves in order to find out if there were any age-related differences."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in newborn and one-week-old calves. Kaartinen, L; Moilanen, M; Pyörälä, S; Räisänen, S, 1997)	0.9
" time were analysed by a compartmental independent pharmacokinetic model that provided the most important kinetic parameters."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in chickens. Errecalde, C; García Ovando, H; Gorla, N; Luders, C; Poloni, G; Prieto, G; Puelles, I, 1999)	0.59
" administration, the mean Cmax observed (2."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin given by the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes in broiler chickens. Black, WD; Bugyei, K; McEwen, S, 1999)	0.63
"To compare pharmacokinetic variables of enrofloxacin (ENR) after IV administration in mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and cows and to perform allometric analysis of ENR."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and cows. Aramayona, JJ; Bregante, MA; Fraile, L; Garcia, MA; Saez, P; Solans, C, 1999)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic variables were correlated further with body weight."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and cows. Aramayona, JJ; Bregante, MA; Fraile, L; Garcia, MA; Saez, P; Solans, C, 1999)	0.59
"In all species studied, the best fit was obtained for a two-compartment open model; ENR half-life ranged from 89 minutes in mice to 169 minutes in cows."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and cows. Aramayona, JJ; Bregante, MA; Fraile, L; Garcia, MA; Saez, P; Solans, C, 1999)	0.59
"06 ml/kg/h, half-life (t1/2beta) was 17."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin administered intravenously and orally to foals. Bermingham, EC; Papich, MG; Vivrette, SL, 2000)	0.63
" Time of maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was similar for MAR and DIF; Tmax occurred earlier for ENR and later for CIP."	( Comparison of fluoroquinolone pharmacokinetic parameters after treatment with marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin in dogs. Evans, EI; Frazier, DL; Thompson, L; Trettien, A, 2000)	0.53
" The plasma concentration-time data for both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were best described by a one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in goats given enrofloxacin alone and in combination with probenecid. Ahmad, AH; Malik, JK; Ramesh, S; Rao, GS; Sharma, LD; Tripathi, HC, 2002)	0.9
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods."	( Comparative serum pharmacokinetics of the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, difloxacin, marbofloxacin, and orbifloxacin in dogs after single oral administration. Heinen, E, 2002)	0.56
"The impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infection in swine on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin were determined."	( Influence of porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection and dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin. Baker, JD; Cope, CV; Farrell, DE; Myers, MJ; Post, LO, 2002)	0.74
"Harmonic mean half-life for oral administration was 14."	( Pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in sheep. Bermingham, EC; Papich, MG, 2002)	0.56
"Enrofloxacin administered orally to sheep has a prolonged half-life and high oral bioavailability."	( Pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in sheep. Bermingham, EC; Papich, MG, 2002)	2
"The pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin was studied in goats after subcutaneous (s."	( Pharmacokinetic disposition of subcutaneously administered enrofloxacin in goats. Malik, JK; Ramesh, S; Rao, GS, 2002)	0.83
"The impact of Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin in swine was assessed to determine whether this model would substitute for a pleuropneumonia infection model for pharmacokinetic evaluation of drugs."	( The effect of endotoxin and dexamethasone on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters in swine. Baker, JD; Cope, CV; Farrell, DE; Myers, MJ; Post, LO, 2003)	0.79
" After iv ENR injection (as a bolus), the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), the volume of distribution (Vd(area)), and the area under the concentration vs."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in lactating sheep. Haritova, A; Lashev, L; Pashov, D, 2003)	0.64
"The purpose of this study was to examine the allometric analysis of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin using pharmacokinetic data from the literature."	( Allometric analysis of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics across species. Bartges, J; Cottrell, MB; Cox, SK; Frazier, DL; Papich, MG; Smith, L, 2004)	0.81
"96 L/kg, with a harmonic mean elimination half-life of 21."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after single-dose oral and intravenous administration in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Bennett, RA; Helmick, KE; Jacobson, ER; Papich, MG; Vliet, KA, 2004)	0.65
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined in six greater rheas following a single intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following intravenous administration to greater rheas: a preliminary study. de Lucas, JJ; Lábaque, MC; Martella, MB; Navarro, JL; Rodríguez, C; San Andrés, MI, 2005)	0.93
" The ISF and plasma-unbound concentrations were similar during the steady-state period despite differences in lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs."	( Plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, its metabolite ciprofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after oral administration and a constant rate intravenous infusion in dogs. Bidgood, TL; Papich, MG, 2005)	0.58
"To examine pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs following simultaneously administered SC injections of these drugs."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs. Mizuno, Y; Ogata, T; Ogino, T; Takahashi, Y, 2005)	0.81
"5, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 24 hours following SC injections, and pharmacokinetic parameters of flunixin and enrofloxacin were calculated from plasma drug concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs. Mizuno, Y; Ogata, T; Ogino, T; Takahashi, Y, 2005)	0.79
"Significant increases in the area under the curve (32%) and in the elimination half-life (29%) and a significant decrease (23%) in the elimination rate constant from the central compartment of flunixin were found following coadministration with enrofloxacin, compared with administration of flunixin alone."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs. Mizuno, Y; Ogata, T; Ogino, T; Takahashi, Y, 2005)	0.76
" The concentration of enrofloxacin in hemolymph was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from compartmental methods."	( Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single i.v. injection and bath administration. Forsythe, J; Gore, SR; Harms, CA; Kukanich, B; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG, 2005)	2.09
"Harmonic mean half-life after oral administration was 18."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of enrofloxacin administered orally to captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Isaza, R; Murray, SZ; Papich, MG; Sanchez, CR, 2005)	0.6
"Oral administration of enrofloxacin to Asian elephants has a prolonged elimination half-life, compared with the elimination half-life for adult horses."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of enrofloxacin administered orally to captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Isaza, R; Murray, SZ; Papich, MG; Sanchez, CR, 2005)	0.91
" The mean values of EFL pharmacokinetic parameters showed differences only between values of V(d,ss) (3."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in male and female turkeys following intravenous and oral administration. Dimitrova, DJ; Lashev, LD; Pandova, VT; Yanev, SG, 2006)	0.66
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour and bioavailability of enrofloxacin (ENR) were determined after single intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administrations of 5mg/kg bw to six healthy adult Angora rabbits."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in Angora rabbits. Elmas, M; Karabacak, A; Traş, B; Uney, K; Yazar, E, 2007)	0.91
" A repeated measures study has been designed to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters, to investigate their bioavailability and to estimate their absorbed fraction and first-pass effect by using plasma, urinary and metabolite data collected from five healthy mares."	( Enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in horses: comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters, use of urinary and metabolite data to estimate first-pass effect and absorbed fraction. Bousquet-Melou, A; Doucet, MY; Laroute, V; Peyrou, M; Vrins, A, 2006)	1.78
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in Korean catfish after intravenous and oral administrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Korean catfish (Silurus asotus). Hwang, YH; Kim, MS; Lim, JH; Park, BK; Yun, HI, 2006)	0.89
" The data were analyzed with Practical Pharmacokinetic Program 3P97."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Huang, C; Meng, Y; Wu, G; Zhu, X, 2006)	0.59
" The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-compartment open model."	( Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous administration in rabbits. Elmas, M; Er Karabacak, A; Uney, K; Yazar, E, 2006)	0.83
" The suitability of the method for pharmacokinetic studies was evaluated by determining the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) also in pig plasma, after administration of 200mg of enrofloxacin per kilogram of fodder during 5 consecutive days."	( Determination of a series of quinolones in pig plasma using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection Application to pharmacokinetic studies. Barbosa, J; Barrón, D; Garcés, A; Kucera, R; Zerzanová, A, 2006)	0.55
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in greater rheas was investigated after intramuscular (IM) administration of 15 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in greater rheas following a single-dose intramuscular administration. Asis, VC; de Lucas, JJ; González, F; Navarro, JL; Rodríguez, C; Rubio, S; Vignolo, PE, 2008)	0.92
"01 L/kg, with a mean elimination half-life of 13."	( Single-dose intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in goral (Nemorrhaedus goral arnouxianus). Atkinson, MW; Bringardner, AB; Gandolf, AR; Papich, MG, 2006)	0.58
"We examined the pharmacokinetic interactions of enrofloxacin and flunixin in male ICR mice that were subcutaneously (SC) administered with both or either one of the drugs."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in ICR mice. Arai, T; Ogino, T, 2007)	0.84
" administration of diclofenac was best described by a two compartment open pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and its interaction with enrofloxacin in sheep. Ahmad, AH; Kumar, A; Malik, JK; Rahal, A, 2008)	0.59
"This study compared pharmacokinetic profiles in cattle dosed subcutaneously with two different formulations of enrofloxacin (5% and 10%) at a dose of 5 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after subcutaneous administration in cattle. de Lucas, JJ; Froyman, R; González, F; Rodríguez, C; San Andrés, MI, 2008)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic data in intended target species (rhesus) help to determine the proper dose regimen."	( A pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after oral and intramuscular dosing of enrofloxacin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Handt, L; Hasselschwert, D; Kastello, M; Klein, H, 2008)	0.64
" Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detector, analyzed by population pharmacokinetic (PPK) modeling with NONMEM."	( Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in ill cows. Ding, HZ; Fu, LX; Jiang, ZG; Liu, YH, 2008)	0.63
" Agricultural Division, Shawnee Mission, KS), equine practitioners have started administering this preparation both parenterally and orally to horses, despite the lack of pharmacokinetic data in this species."	( Pharmacokinetics of the bovine formulation of enrofloxacin (Baytril 100) in horses. Boeckh, A; Boeckh, S; Boothe, D; Buchanan, C; Buchanan, T; Davis, C; Wilkie, S, 2001)	0.57
" The plasma elimination half-life of either enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin was shorter in cows than in steers."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in lactating dairy cows and beef steers following intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Bredow, Jv; Cullison, R; Idowu, OR; Peggins, JO, 2010)	0.91
"A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in chicken based on retrospective data was developed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in chicken based on retrospective data, incorporating first-pass metabolism. Chen, DM; Dai, MH; Fang, K; Guo, QJ; Huang, LL; Liu, ZL; Peng, DP; Tao, YF; Wang, YL; Yuan, ZH, 2010)	0.91
" Statistical model theory was used to determine non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after single intravenous administration in sheep. Errecalde, JO; Mestorino, N; Otero, JL, 2009)	0.68
"The aim of the present study was to determine whether the residual area under the curve (AUC(res%); expressed as % of total value of AUC) could be used as a parameter for the qualitative evaluation of pharmacokinetic studies."	( Residual fraction of the area under the curve as a qualitative criterion in pharmacokinetic studies. Grabowski, T; Jakubowski, P; Jaroszewski, JJ, )	0.13
" We computed pharmacokinetic parameters by using noncompartmental analysis of the pooled concentrations (naive pooled samples)."	( The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Bond, ES; Felt, SA; Green, SL; Howard, AM; Long, CT; Luong, RH; McKeon, GP; Papich, MG; Torreilles, SL, 2010)	0.67
" The elimination half-life (T(1/2β)), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 63."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Fang, X; Liu, W; Liu, X; Lu, C, 2012)	0.7
"00 L/kg, with a mean elimination half-life of 13."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after single dose oral and intravenous administration in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus). Bronson, E; Denver, M; KuKanich, B; Wack, AN, 2012)	0.7
"Despite some technical shortcomings the ultrafiltration approach appears to be the most sensitive sampling technique to estimate pharmacokinetic values of pradofloxacin at the infection site."	( Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog - comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration. Engelhardt, E; Gosheger, G; Hardes, J; Hauschild, G; Rohn, K; Sager, M, 2013)	0.39
"The pharmacokinetic interaction of enrofloxacin and trimethoprim was evaluated after single-dose intraperitoneal or oral co-administration in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction of enrofloxacin/trimethoprim combination following single-dose intraperitoneal and oral administration in rats. Choi, MJ; Damte, D; Kim, JC; Lee, SJ; Park, SC; Suh, JW; Yohannes, SB, 2014)	0.97
"A population approach was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 fluoroquinolones administered to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Dimitrova, D; Dinev, T; Haritova, A; Lashev, L; Moutafchieva, R, 2013)	0.67
" The objective of the study was to evaluate the comparative pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in adult ostriches after single and multiple intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after multiple subcutaneous and intramuscular administrations in adult ostriches. Ballesteros, C; De Lucas, JJ; González, F; Martín Von Kauffmann, C; Rodríguez, C; San Andrés, MI; Solano, J, 2013)	0.94
" By using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, the Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in grass carp were monitored after a single oral gavage of 10, 20, 30 μg enrofloxacin per g body weight."	( Integrated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameters-based dosing guidelines of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to minimize selection of drug resistance. Lu, L; Wang, H; Xu, L; Yang, X, 2013)	0.83
" Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the 8 week-old broilers, when orally administrated enrofloxacin, exhibited significantly higher Cmax (1."	( Age-related P-glycoprotein expression in the intestine and affecting the pharmacokinetics of orally administered enrofloxacin in broilers. Bughio, S; Dai, X; Dong, L; Guo, M; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.82
" Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed in S-ADAPT."	( Evaluation of enrofloxacin use in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) via population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo simulation. Black, LA; Bulitta, JB; Govendir, M; Griffith, JE; Landersdorfer, CB, 2014)	0.76
" The pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are closely related to their pharmacological efficiency, so it is important to know their behavior in each species that is used."	( Enrofloxacin: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in domestic animal species. Diez-Liébana, MJ; Fernández-Martínez, N; García-Vieitez, JJ; López-Cadenas, C; Sahagún-Prieto, A; Sierra-Vega, M, 2013)	1.83
" Furthermore, the infection reduced absorption of orally administered enrofloxacin, significantly decreased Cmax (0."	( E. coli infection modulates the pharmacokinetics of oral enrofloxacin by targeting P-glycoprotein in small intestine and CYP450 3A in liver and kidney of broilers. Bughio, S; Dai, X; Guo, M; Ren, W; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.88
" Its extralabel use in nontraditional species has been related to its excellent pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial characteristics."	( Pharmacokinetic behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in urutu pit vipers (Bothrops alternatus) after intramuscular administration. de Lucas, JJ; de Oliveira, VC; de Roodt, A; Prados, AP; Regner, P; Rodríguez, C; San Andrés, MI; Waxman, S, 2014)	0.7
" Within-drug and metabolite analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters included fixed effects of drug administration date, sex and breed of sire."	( The effect of breed and sex on sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine pharmacokinetic parameters in swine. Ashwell, MS; Baynes, RE; Bellis, B; Brooks, JD; Howard, JT; Maltecca, C; O'Nan, AT; Routh, P; Yeatts, JL, 2014)	0.66
" Considering Cmax /MIC and AUC/MIC ratios and the MIC values for a wild-type Escherichia coli O78/H12 (0."	( Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics in broiler chickens of a new recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate. Garcia-Gutierrez, P; Gutierrez, L; Miranda-Calderon, JE; Sumano, H, 2015)	0.63
" Because of favourable pharmacokinetic properties, marbofloxacin should be preferred for oral administration in Japanese quails and pheasants for treatment of infections caused by equally susceptible pathogens."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Dimitrova, DJ; Lashev, LD; Milanova, A; Moutafchieva, RG, 2015)	0.74
"[Correction added on 23 March 2015, after first online publication: Terminal half-life values of enrofloxacin is corrected in the fourth sentence of the abstract] Clinically healthy common ringtail possums (n = 5) received single doses of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin orally and then 2 weeks later subcutaneously."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following oral and subcutaneous administration in the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). Devi, JL; Scheelings, TF; Whittem, T; Woodward, AP, 2015)	0.96
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ENR) injectable in situ gel we developed in dogs following a single intramuscular (i."	( Pharmacokinetics studies of enrofloxacin injectable in situ forming gel in dogs. Li, HM; Luo, XQ; Tian, J; Yu, ZG; Zhang, ZR, 2016)	0.95
"37 μg/mL; Tmax = 8 h; T1/2Ke = 19."	( Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral administration in medicated feed. Castello Branco, LC; Del Bianchi, M; Pilarski, F; Reyes, FG; Teles, JA, 2016)	0.74
"The potential impact of subchronic exposure of aflatoxin B1 was investigated on the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin in broiler chickens."	( Impact of aflatoxin B1 on the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin in broiler chickens. Kalpana, S; Malik, JK; Srinivasa Rao, G, 2015)	0.87
" After intravenous administration, the elimination half-life (T1/2β ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 19."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in snakehead fish, Channa argus. Fang, X; Liu, X; Zhou, J, 2016)	0.76
" The constant exposure of broiler chickens on enrofloxacin traces as well as infection, may significantly influenced on doxycycline tissue pharmacokinetic profile."	( Influence of enrofloxacin traces in drinking water to doxycycline tissue pharmacokinetics in healthy and infected by Mycoplasma gallisepticum broiler chickens. Bladek, T; Gajda, A; Gbylik-Sikorska, M; Olszewska-Tomczyk, M; Posyniak, A; Sawicka, A; Sell, B; Sniegocki, T; Tomczyk, G; Zmudzki, J, 2016)	1.06
" Aquarium collection sea urchins are also subject to bacterial infections and could benefit from antimicrobial treatment, but pharmacokinetic studies have been lacking for this invertebrate group until recently."	( POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS OF ENROFLOXACIN AND ITS METABOLITE CIPROFLOXACIN IN THE GREEN SEA URCHIN (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS) FOLLOWING INTRACOELOMIC AND IMMERSION ADMINISTRATION. Harms, CA; Haulena, M; Lahner, LL; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG; Phillips, BE; Rosenberg, JF, 2016)	0.72
" Coadministration of rifampicin significantly changed the pharmacokinetic behavior of enrofloxacin orally administered by showing clearly lower AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, and Cmax as well as longer Tmax."	( Potential pharmacokinetic effect of rifampicin on enrofloxacin in broilers: Roles of P-glycoprotein and BCRP induction by rifampicin. Dai, X; Guo, M; Hu, D; Ren, W; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.91
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of E gave similar pharmacokinetic parameters irrespective of the collection time schedule."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of a 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin intramuscular administration in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): a preliminary assessment. Bergagna, S; De Vito, V; Dezzutto, D; Giorgi, M; Re, G; Salvadori, M; Vercelli, C, 2017)	0.7
" For each phase, noncompartmental analysis of naïve averaged pooled samples was used to obtain initial parameter estimates; then, population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed that accounted for the sparse sampling technique used."	( Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in purple sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) following an intracoelomic injection or extended immersion. Harms, CA; Haulena, M; Lahner, LL; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG; Phillips, BE; Rosenberg, JF, 2016)	0.72
"The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of enrofloxacin (ENR) traces on doxycycline (DC) pharmacokinetic depletion phase parameters in plasma and lungs of healthy and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected chicken broilers."	( Pharmacokinetic depletion phase of doxycycline in healthy and Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chicken broilers after coadministration of enrofloxacin traces. Gajda, A; Gbylik-Sikorska, M; Posyniak, A, 2018)	0.92
" Following injection, the elimination half-life (T½), peak concentration, area under the curve (AUC), and volume of distribution (VD) for enrofloxacin were 27."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) after single injection. Hancock-Ronemus, A; Kirby, A; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG, 2018)	1.01
" Quercetin altered pharmacokinetic of enrofloxacin by decreasing area under curve, peak concentration, and time to reach peak concentration and by increasing clearance rate."	( Use of quercetin in animal feed: effects on the P-gp expression and pharmacokinetics of orally administrated enrofloxacin in chicken. Bhutto, ZA; Guo, T; He, F; Huang, J; Wang, L; Yang, J; Zloh, M, 2018)	0.96
" Plasma enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations were quantified with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin following single-dose subcutaneous injection in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Eshar, D; Kukanich, B; McCullough, CE; Wright, LT, 2018)	1.24
"To the best of the authors' knowledge, pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles is limited."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Chaiyabutr, N; Chokejaroenrat, C; Giorgi, M; Klangkaew, N; Phaochoosak, N; Poapolathep, A; Poapolathep, S; Wongwaipairote, T, 2020)	0.88
" However, sufficient pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing are lacking."	( Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna). Griffioen, JA; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG, 2020)	0.84
" Besides, pharmacokinetic studies were performed in New Zealand rabbits at a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg, and the antibacterial activity of EM was also evaluated."	( Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamics Study of Enrofloxacin Mesylate. Fu, HL; Fu, JY; Huang, RY; Li, DB; Lin, JC; Liu, MX; Pei, LL; Peng, GN; Shu, G; Yang, WZ; Yuan, ZX; Zhang, L; Zhang, TT; Zhang, W; Zhao, L; Zhong, ZJ, 2020)	0.8
" The concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and population approach was used for pharmacokinetic analysis."	( The effects of cyclosporine A or activated charcoal co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in chickens. Milanova, A; Petkova, T; Poźniak, B, 2023)	1.44
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling based on bioanalysis data showed underestimation for the elimination rate in comparison to experimental data pointing towards a lack of sufficient ADME information and limitations of available physico-chemical properties of the parent drug."	( Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in humans after dermal, inhalation and oral uptake - A clinical study. Badorrek, P; Bluemlein, K; Ellinghusen, B; Gerling, S; Hansen, T; Hohlfeld, JM; Nowak, N; Paul, R; Schuchardt, S, 2023)	1.14
" After enrofloxacin (dose 5 mg/kg) administration to cats, sparse blood sampling was used to obtain 2 compartment population pharmacokinetic results using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection to cats with reduced kidney function. Abouraya, M; Foster, JD; Muma, NA; Papich, MG, )	0.86

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The purpose of the present clinical studies was to determine the clinical efficacy of a combined parenteral and oral treatment with Bisolvon in combination with antibiotics in bovines suffering from acute respiratory disease."	( [Treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases in cattle with Bisolvon in combination with either enrofloxacin, cefquinome, ceftiofur or florfenicol]. Hamel, U; Philipp, H; Quirke, JF; Schmidt, H, 1998)	0.52
"The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats given enrofloxacin alone or in combination with probenecid."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in goats given enrofloxacin alone and in combination with probenecid. Ahmad, AH; Malik, JK; Ramesh, S; Rao, GS; Sharma, LD; Tripathi, HC, 2002)	0.95
"We evaluated the efficacy of enrofloxacin, alone or combined with metronidazole, against Leishmania infantum."	( The efficacy of enrofloxacin, alone or combined with metronidazole, in the therapy of canine leishmaniasis. Bianciardi, P; Fasanella, A; Foglia Manzillo, V; Gradoni, L; Oliva, G; Pagano, A; Sorino, S; Trotta, T, 2004)	0.96
" Therefore, a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS for the detection of marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin in chicken feces was developed."	( Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces - a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS. Hamscher, G; Janusch, F; Mohring, SA; Scherz, G, 2014)	0.61
"To investigate whether selected drug combinations used to treat rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have drug-drug interactions that affect efficacy and to investigate each isolate's susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine, individually."	( In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine. Bennie, CJ; Govendir, M; Martin, PA; To, JL, )	0.13
" In this study, we assessed the short-term toxicity of enrofloxacin (E) combined with colistin (C) and quinocetone (Q)."	( Toxicologic effect and transcriptome analysis for short-term orally dosed enrofloxacin combined with two veterinary antimicrobials on rat liver. Cheng, L; Han, H; Luan, Y; Shen, J; Tang, S; Zhao, J, 2021)	1.1
" Despite that, little is comprehended about influences of the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by EF and TIM."	( A new drug-drug interaction-tilmicosin reduces the metabolism of enrofloxacin through CYP3A4. Badawy, S; Liu, Z; Tao, Y; Wang, L; Wang, X; Xie, C; Zhang, L, 2022)	0.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were determined after IV and IM administration of 5 mg/kg of body weight to 6 healthy adult rabbits."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular injection in rabbits. Arboix, M; Cabanes, A; Garcia Anton, JM; Reig, F, 1992)	0.87
" The relative bioavailability of the 15-mg/kg oral dose was 48%."	( Intramuscular and oral disposition of enrofloxacin in African grey parrots following single and multiple doses. Aucoin, DP; Flammer, K; Whitt, DA, 1991)	0.55
" Compared with IV administration, bioavailability was 77% after SC dosing and 61% for gastrointestinal absorption."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin in rabbits. Babish, JG; Brooks, DL; Broome, RL; Conzelman, GM; Copeland, DD, 1991)	0.57
" The bioavailability varied considerably among the four quinolones."	( Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of four quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in seawater at 10 degrees C. Horsberg, TE; Martinsen, B, 1995)	0.5
" Oral bioavailability was found to be 64."	( Pharmacokinetics and residues of enrofloxacin in chickens. Anadón, A; Bringas, P; Díaz, MJ; Fernández, MC; Fernández, R; Fernàndez-Cruz, ML; Martínez, MA; Martínez-Larrañaga, MR, 1995)	0.57
" Oral bioavailability calculated with bioassay results was more than 100% whereas availability of enrofloxacin was only 53%."	( [Pharmacokinetics of baytril (enrofloxacin) in dogs]. Küng, K; Wanner, M, 1994)	0.79
" Results indicated that absorption rate was slow, compared with previous studies; additionally, peak concentration was lower (0."	( Sustained release of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin after intramuscular administration in rabbits. Antón, JM; Arboix, M; Cabanes, A; Reig, F, 1995)	0.55
"43 hours, and the bioavailability was 57."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in adult horses and concentration of the drug in serum, body fluids, and endometrial tissues after repeated intragastrically administered doses. Bélanger, M; Giguère, S; Sweeney, RW, 1996)	0.62
" When the same dose was administered IM, enrofloxacin was rapidly and almost completely absorbed, with bioavailability of 85%."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administrations in sheep. Bertini, S; Intorre, L; Mengozzi, G; Soldani, G, 1996)	0.88
" The relative bioavailability of enrofloxacin after administration directly into the crop was 68%, while the metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was quite low (< 10%) with both routes of administration."	( The plasma kinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the Muscovy duck. Bagliacca, M; Bertini, S; Intorre, L; Luchetti, E; Mengozzi, G; Soldani, G, 1997)	0.84
" The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin in chickens were investigated following intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and oral administration of 10 mg/kg body weight."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of enrofloxacin in chickens. Abd el-Aziz, MI; Afify, NA; Aziz, MA; Soliman, FA, 1997)	0.85
" The bioavailability was determined to 83 +/- 13% in fed and to 101 +/- 32% in fasted pigs."	( Bioavailability of enrofloxacin after oral administration to fed and fasted pigs. Gyrd-Hansen, N; Nielsen, P, 1997)	0.63
" Bioavailability was 97."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii). Bailey, TA; Garner, A; Harron, DW; Samour, JH; Sheen, RS; Silvanose, C, 1998)	0.62
" Bioavailability by the oral route was 80."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin given by the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes in broiler chickens. Black, WD; Bugyei, K; McEwen, S, 1999)	0.63
" Bioavailability (F) was high: 99% for danofloxacin and 89% for enrofloxacin."	( Comparative study of the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of danofloxacin and enrofloxacin in broiler chickens. Glünder, G; Kietzmann, M; Knoll, U, 1999)	0.76
" Bioavailability was higher in infected birds (72."	( Tissue distribution and disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and E. coli infected broilers. Soliman, GA, 2000)	0.56
" Bioavailability was calculated at 78."	( Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intragastric administration to mares. Brown, MP; Gronwall, RR; Haines, GR; Merritt, KA, 2000)	0.57
"Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were determined after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) to 5 healthy adult Angora goats."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in Angora goats. Bas, AL; Elmas, M; Kaya, S; Tras, B; Yarsan, E; Yazar, E, 2001)	0.9
" Non-bioequivalence of relevant pharmacokinetic values, such as Csmax and bioavailability (AUC) would facilitate development of bacterial resistance and limit the useful life span of this antibacterial agent."	( Non-bioequivalence of various trademarks of enrofloxacin and Baytril in cows. Gutiérrez, OL; Ocampo, CL; Sumano, LH, 2001)	0.57
" The following variables were compared: maximal plasma concentration (Cpeak), time to Cpeak, bioavailability (expressed as the area under the concentration vs."	( Bioequivalence of four preparations of enrofloxacin in poultry. Gutiérrez, OL; Sumano, LH; Zamora, MA, 2001)	0.58
" Oral bioavailability for the oral drench, crushed tablets in grain, and enrofloxacin in grain was 4789, 98."	( Pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in sheep. Bermingham, EC; Papich, MG, 2002)	0.79
" The systemic bioavailability of enrofloxacin was significantly decreased from 110."	( Influence of albendazole on the disposition kinetics and milk antimicrobial equivalent activity of enrofloxacin in lactating goats. Abo El Sooud, K, 2003)	0.82
" injection was well absorbed in 6- and 8-week-old kittens, but greater clearance and apparent volume of distribution resulted in lower plasma concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in neonatal kittens. Gibson, NM; Levy, JK; Papich, MG; Seguin, MA; Sigle, KJ, 2004)	0.65
"To define the impact that use of different levels of hard water has on the bioavailability of the antibacterial, enrofloxacin, in poultry, an oral bioavailability-pharmacokinetic study of the drug was carried out."	( Influence of hard water on the bioavailability of enrofloxacin in broilers. Aguilera, R; Bernard, BM; Gracia, MJ; Gutierrez, OL; Rosiles, MR; Sumano, LH, 2004)	0.79
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour and bioavailability of enrofloxacin (ENR) were determined after single intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administrations of 5mg/kg bw to six healthy adult Angora rabbits."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in Angora rabbits. Elmas, M; Karabacak, A; Traş, B; Uney, K; Yazar, E, 2007)	0.91
" A repeated measures study has been designed to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters, to investigate their bioavailability and to estimate their absorbed fraction and first-pass effect by using plasma, urinary and metabolite data collected from five healthy mares."	( Enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in horses: comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters, use of urinary and metabolite data to estimate first-pass effect and absorbed fraction. Bousquet-Melou, A; Doucet, MY; Laroute, V; Peyrou, M; Vrins, A, 2006)	1.78
" After intravenous and oral administrations of enrofloxacin, the elimination half-lives (t(1/2,beta)), area under the drug concentration-time curves (AUC), oral bioavailability (F) were 17."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Korean catfish (Silurus asotus). Hwang, YH; Kim, MS; Lim, JH; Park, BK; Yun, HI, 2006)	0.91
" Oral bioavailability for for EFL after oral administration was found to be 69."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in turkeys. Dimitrova, DJ; Lashev, LD; Pandova, B; Yanev, SG, 2007)	0.66
" Co-administration of enrofloxacin did not affect Vd(area) and MRT but absorption rate constant (K(a)), beta, t1/2Ka, t1/2beta, AUC, AUMC, Cl(B) and bioavailability (F) were significantly increased."	( Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and its interaction with enrofloxacin in sheep. Ahmad, AH; Kumar, A; Malik, JK; Rahal, A, 2008)	0.91
" By using the oral enrofloxacin suspension in the drinking water rather than the parenteral counterpart, concerns regarding the pharmacokinetics, specifically drug bioavailability via the oral route, problems with aqueous immiscibility and drug degradation within an aqueous medium were not potentially confounding variables."	( An outbreak of Pasteurella pneumotropica in genetically modified mice: treatment and elimination. Lavoie, C; Matsumiya, LC, 2003)	0.65
" Quercetin significantly decreased bioavailability of enrofloxacin and its transformation to ciprofloxacin."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices of enrofloxacin in Escherichia coli O78/H12 infected chickens. Haritova, A; Lashev, L; Lutckanov, M; Petrov, V; Urumova, V, 2011)	0.88
" Absorption of EF was very good with a bioavailability (F) of 86%, which could be correlated with the unique structure of the alimentary canal in allogynogenetic silver crucian."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Fang, X; Liu, W; Liu, X; Lu, C, 2012)	0.7
" However, after 45 d the denitrification rate, MPN and gene copy numbers for sulfamethazine and enrofloxacin were similar to that of the no-chemical control, indicating that acclimation of the denitrifier population to the antibiotic or reduced bioavailability over time allowed recovery of the denitrifier population."	( Dissipation of atrazine, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethazine in wood chip bioreactors and impact on denitrification. Ilhan, ZE; Moorman, TB; Ong, SK, )	0.65
" Compared with the group administered ENFX alone, the ENFX + limonene group did not show any significant difference in the absorption of ENFX, whereas the extent and rate of absorption of ENFX were significantly decreased in the ENFX + orange oil group (C(max), -43%; T(max), 129%)."	( Effect of orange oil on the oral absorption of enrofloxacin in rats. Hwang, YH; Kim, MS; Kim, TW; Lim, JH; Song, IB; Yun, HI, 2012)	0.64
"39 hours), and the bioavailability of ENR was 76."	( Plasma disposition of enrofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys. Gokbulut, C; Karademir, U; Kum, C; Sekkin, S, 2012)	0.69
" The highest bioavailability was observed for danofloxacin followed by marbofloxacin, while very low bioavailability with significant conversion to ciprofloxacin was observed for enrofloxacin."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Dimitrova, D; Dinev, T; Haritova, A; Lashev, L; Moutafchieva, R, 2013)	0.87
" The bioavailability of enrofloxacin in 8 week-old broilers was increased by 15."	( Age-related P-glycoprotein expression in the intestine and affecting the pharmacokinetics of orally administered enrofloxacin in broilers. Bughio, S; Dai, X; Dong, L; Guo, M; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.91
" The kinetics of enrofloxacin are characterized, in general terms, by high bioavailability in most species and rapid absorption after IM, SC or oral administration."	( Enrofloxacin: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in domestic animal species. Diez-Liébana, MJ; Fernández-Martínez, N; García-Vieitez, JJ; López-Cadenas, C; Sahagún-Prieto, A; Sierra-Vega, M, 2013)	2.17
"72 hours and bioavailability of 78."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of enrofloxacin in southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus). Argibay, H; de Lucas, J; Orozco, M; Prados, AP; Rodriguez, C; San Andres, MI; Sassaroli, JC; Waxman, S, 2013)	0.64
" However, low solubility and low bioavailability prevented it from using on humans."	( Polyvinylpyrrolidone oral films of enrofloxacin: film characterization and drug release. Gupta, R; Kumar, GP; Manali, N; Phani, AR; Prabhakara, GS; Prasad, RG; Raju, DB; Rashmi, N; Salins, CP; Sandeep, K; Sanganal, JS, 2014)	0.68
" The bioavailability of ENRO was 65."	( Influence of oral co-administration of a preparation containing calcium and magnesium and food on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics. Grabowski, T; Jaroszewski, JJ; Jasiecka, A; Katolik, K; Markiewicz, W; Maślanka, T; Pawęska, J; Siemianowska, M; Spodniewska, A; Ziółkowski, H, 2014)	0.62
"Enrofloxacin, a key antimicrobial agent in commercial avian medicine, has limited bioavailability (60%)."	( Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics in broiler chickens of a new recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate. Garcia-Gutierrez, P; Gutierrez, L; Miranda-Calderon, JE; Sumano, H, 2015)	2.08
" After intramuscular administration, intestinal concentrations were comparable, except for the higher levels in cloaca due to the complete bioavailability and urinary excretion."	( Effect of administration route and dose escalation on plasma and intestinal concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in broiler chickens. Antonissen, G; Croubels, S; De Backer, P; De Baere, S; Devreese, M, 2014)	0.62
" Higher bioavailability was observed for marbofloxacin (118%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Dimitrova, DJ; Lashev, LD; Milanova, A; Moutafchieva, RG, 2015)	0.74
" In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of enrofloxacin (an orally bioavailable antibiotic) and Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Neulasta) on enhancing resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice subjected to HS and SPE-like radiation."	( Broad-spectrum antibiotic or G-CSF as potential countermeasures for impaired control of bacterial infection associated with an SPE exposure during spaceflight. Carabe-Fernandez, A; Diffenderfer, ES; Holmes, V; Kennedy, AR; Li, M; Lin, L; Ni, H; Romero-Weaver, AL; Sanzari, JK; Weissman, D, 2015)	0.66
" In aflatoxin B1-exposed broiler chickens, the absorption rate constant (ka) of enrofloxacin (0."	( Impact of aflatoxin B1 on the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin in broiler chickens. Kalpana, S; Malik, JK; Srinivasa Rao, G, 2015)	0.89
" Absorption of EF was good with a bioavailability (F) of 65."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in snakehead fish, Channa argus. Fang, X; Liu, X; Zhou, J, 2016)	0.76
" bioavailability of ER was 52."	( Dispositions of enrofloxacin and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in Thai swamp buffaloes. Giorgi, M; Kumagai, S; Poapolathep, A; Poapolathep, S; Ruennarong, N; Sakulthaew, C; Wongpanit, K, 2016)	0.78
" The mean relative bioavailability for ciprofloxacin and concurrent sucralfate was 48% (range 8-143%) compared to ciprofloxacin alone."	( Effect of Sucralfate on the Relative Bioavailability of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Fed Dogs. Guess, S; Heinrich, E; KuKanich, B; KuKanich, K, )	0.38
"A possible clinically relevant drug interaction for the relative bioavailability of ciprofloxacin with sucralfate was found."	( Effect of Sucralfate on the Relative Bioavailability of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Fed Dogs. Guess, S; Heinrich, E; KuKanich, B; KuKanich, K, )	0.38
"P-glycoprotein ( P-GP: , encoding gene Abcb1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein ( BCRP: , encoding gene Abcg2) are transport proteins that play a major role in modulating the bioavailability of oral drugs in humans and rodents."	( Potential pharmacokinetic effect of rifampicin on enrofloxacin in broilers: Roles of P-glycoprotein and BCRP induction by rifampicin. Dai, X; Guo, M; Hu, D; Ren, W; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.69
" Absorption rate constant and apparent permeability coefficient of rhodamine 123 were decreased, reflecting efflux function of P-gp in chicken intestine increased by quercetin."	( Use of quercetin in animal feed: effects on the P-gp expression and pharmacokinetics of orally administrated enrofloxacin in chicken. Bhutto, ZA; Guo, T; He, F; Huang, J; Wang, L; Yang, J; Zloh, M, 2018)	0.69
"The enteric granules combination SLNs with enteric coating significantly improved the stability, palatability, sustained-release performance and oral bioavailability of ENR."	( Solid lipid nanoparticles with enteric coating for improving stability, palatability, and oral bioavailability of enrofloxacin. Chen, D; Huang, L; Li, C; Liu, Q; Meng, K; Pan, Y; Shabbir, MAB; Tao, Y; Xie, S; Xu, W; Zhou, K, 2019)	0.72
" bioavailability was 82."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Chaiyabutr, N; Chokejaroenrat, C; Giorgi, M; Klangkaew, N; Phaochoosak, N; Poapolathep, A; Poapolathep, S; Wongwaipairote, T, 2020)	0.88
"The oral form of enrofloxacin was well absorbed, and oral bioavailability was comparable to previous studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin to the late-term pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Canisso, IF; Curcio, BR; Ellerbrock, RE; Giguere, S; Honoroto, J; Lima, FS; Wilkins, P; Zhong, L, 2020)	1.14
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"EM has higher solubility, low toxicity for oral use, and increases the oral bioavailability in rabbit."	( Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamics Study of Enrofloxacin Mesylate. Fu, HL; Fu, JY; Huang, RY; Li, DB; Lin, JC; Liu, MX; Pei, LL; Peng, GN; Shu, G; Yang, WZ; Yuan, ZX; Zhang, L; Zhang, TT; Zhang, W; Zhao, L; Zhong, ZJ, 2020)	0.8
"Poor bioavailability of antibiotics, toxicity, and development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria jeopardize antibiotic treatments."	( Prevention of infection caused by enteropathogenic E. coli O157:H7 in intestinal cells using enrofloxacin entrapped in polymer based nanocarriers. Astete, CE; Louie, SM; Paudel, S; Peña-Bahamonde, J; Rodrigues, DF; Sabliov, CM; Shakiba, S, 2021)	0.84

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" A serum concentration-time data analysis was performed to evaluate the oral enrofloxacin dose and dosing interval for nonfasted macaques."	( Enrofloxacin treatment of long-tailed macaques with acute bacillary dysentery due to multiresistant Shigella flexneri IV. Aucoin, DP; Hirsh, DC; Line, AS; Paul-Murphy, J, 1992)	1.96
"5, and 11 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4-week interval between dosage regimens."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of enrofloxacin administered orally to healthy dogs. Hauptman, JG; MacDonald, KH; Stein, GE; Walker, RD, 1992)	0.57
" Four rabbits were each given enrofloxacin as a single 5 mg/kg of body weight dosage by IV, SC, and oral routes over 4 weeks."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin in rabbits. Babish, JG; Brooks, DL; Broome, RL; Conzelman, GM; Copeland, DD, 1991)	0.86
" The experimental application of enrofloxacin (Baytril) at a dosage of 100 mg/l drinking water for 10 days resulted in a stop of the mortality rate, increment of egg production and reduction of Salmonella excretion."	( [Therapy trials with enrofloxacin (Baytril) in a laying hen flock with Salmonella pullorum infections]. Glünder, G; Göbel, T; Kaleta, EF; Redmann, T; Schildger, B, 1989)	0.88
" The high efficacy of the low dosage of enrofloxacin in this clinical syndrome may be explained by its antibacterial activity against Pasteurella species and Mycoplasma species."	( Effect of enrofloxacin therapy on shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle. Art, T; Lekeux, P, 1988)	0.94
" In each 24-hour dosage trial, enrofloxacin was administered SC as a single dose or in divided doses given every 3, 6, or 12 hours."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in clinically normal dogs and mice and drug pharmacodynamics in neutropenic mice with Escherichia coli and staphylococcal infections. McClure, JT; Meinen, JB; Rosin, E, 1995)	0.9
" Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was administered orally to all dogs during the third or fourth week after surgery, at a dosage of approximately 5 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 7 days."	( Enrofloxacin concentrations in dogs with normal prostate and dogs with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Barsanti, J; Budsberg, SC; Dorfman, M, 1995)	2.64
" Duration of treatment with appropriate dosage should be at least 10 days."	( [The therapy of urinary tract infections in sows]. Sobestiansky, J; Wendt, M, 1995)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin are given separately for serum and milk whey following three intravascular dosing routes."	( Disposition of enrofloxacin (Baytril) into the udder after intravenous and intra-arterial injections into dairy cows. Fang, W; Jalakas, M; Klaassen, M; Malbe, M; Oöpik, T; Salonen, M; Sandholm, M, 1996)	0.94
" bolus dosing were determined by reverse phase HPLC."	( The disposition of five therapeutically important antimicrobial agents in llamas. Christensen, JM; Hollingshead, N; Murdane, SB; Smith, BB, 1996)	0.29
"0 mg/kg dosing easily exceeds the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 20 bacterial organisms known to infect fish."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in the red pacu (Colossoma brachypomum) after intramuscular, oral and bath administration. Deen, J; Doi, A; Flammer, K; Lewbart, G; Manaugh, C; Smith, T; Vaden, S; Whitt, D, 1997)	0.62
" We conclude that the dosage of enrofloxacin should be adjusted according to age when administered to very young calves."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in newborn and one-week-old calves. Kaartinen, L; Moilanen, M; Pyörälä, S; Räisänen, S, 1997)	0.9
"At mean dosage of 5 mg/kg once daily, enrofloxacin tissue concentrations were significantly greater in dogs with pyoderma at 3 hours after pill administration."	( Determination of skin concentrations of enrofloxacin in dogs with pyoderma. Brandt, CM; DeManuelle, TC; Ihrke, PJ; Kass, PH; Vulliet, PR, 1998)	0.84
"Eight adult bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (six male, two female) were employed in a single-dose study of orally administered enrofloxacin dosed at 5 mg/kg body weight."	( Enrofloxacin serum bioactivity in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, following oral administration of 5 mg/kg in whole fish. Linnehan, RM; Ridgway, S; Ulrich, RW, 1999)	1.95
"The disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of enrofloxacin were investigated in breeding buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of 5 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of enrofloxacin in buffalo bulls after intramuscular administration. Chaudhary, RK; Pangawkar, GR; Srivastava, AK; Verma, HK, 1999)	0.83
" Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations after intravenous dosing to healthy and infected birds were best described by a two-compartments model."	( Tissue distribution and disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and E. coli infected broilers. Soliman, GA, 2000)	1
" Cultures grown in sucrose-peptone broth were dosed with enrofloxacin."	( Microbiological transformation of enrofloxacin by the fungus Mucor ramannianus. Beger, RD; Freeman, JP; Lay, JO; Parshikov, IA; Sutherland, JB; Williams, AJ, 2000)	0.83
" Parameters recorded included breed, age, sex, enrofloxacin dosage (daily dose and number of days administered), medical condition for which the antibiotic had been prescribed, ophthalmic signs, examination results, and the visual outcome."	( Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats. Andrew, SE; Biros, DJ; Brooks, DE; Cutler, TJ; Denis, HM; Gelatt, KN; Ketring, KL; van der Woerdt, A, 2001)	2.01
" The daily and total dosage of enrofloxacin and number of days of administration were also highly variable."	( Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats. Andrew, SE; Biros, DJ; Brooks, DE; Cutler, TJ; Denis, HM; Gelatt, KN; Ketring, KL; van der Woerdt, A, 2001)	2.04
" Practitioners should adhere closely to the manufacturer's current enrofloxacin dosage recommendation (5 mg/kg q 24 h), and continue clinical observations for this drug toxicity in cats."	( Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats. Andrew, SE; Biros, DJ; Brooks, DE; Cutler, TJ; Denis, HM; Gelatt, KN; Ketring, KL; van der Woerdt, A, 2001)	1.99
" In conclusion, a dosage of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin is sufficient to exceed the minimal inhibitory concentrations in osteomyelitic bone against most pathogens that are sensitive in vitro, but clinical efficacy remains to be evaluated."	( Concentration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in canine matrices of the locomotor system. Ehinger, AM; Kietzmann, M; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; Nolte, I; Vick, M, 2002)	0.93
" Owing to the high variations in MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) of sensitive veterinary pathogens, it is recommended that enrofloxacin dosage regimens be calculated according to the sensitivity of the individual pathogen, site of infection and clinical response, than by following a preset dosage regimen."	( Disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (Baytril 5%) in sheep and goats following intravenous and intramuscular injection using a microbiological assay. Elsheikh, HA; Khalafallah, AI; Osman, IA; Taha, AA, 2002)	0.83
" Contaminated mice, maintained within 4 animal rooms, were administered Enrofloxacin in drinking water at a daily dosage of 25."	( Elimination of Pasteurella pneumotropica from a contaminated mouse colony by oral administration of Enrofloxacin. Itoh, T; Nozu, R; Shimizu, R; Sugiyama, F; Takahashi, S; Takakura, A; Ueno, Y; Yagami, K; Yamamoto, M, 2002)	0.76
" Endometrial tissue concentrations taken from the mares after dosing showed that enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin both penetrate this tissue adequately after systemic administration and would attain concentrations high enough in the tissue fluids to treat infections of the endometrium caused by susceptible bacteria."	( Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and the metabolite ciprofloxacin after i.v. administration of enrofloxacin to mares. Cole, JA; Papich, MG; Van Camp, SD; Whitacre, MD, 2002)	0.79
" Dosing on renal impairment."	( Fluoroquinolone-induced retinal degeneration in cats. Hamilton, P; Wiebe, V, 2002)	0.31
" Descriptive statistics were determined for each dosage, and comparisons were made among dosage groups for selected pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs following single oral administration of enrofloxacin at 7.5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. Boeckh, A; Boothe, DM; Boothe, HW; Jones, S; Wilkie, S, 2002)	0.62
" To produce incurred enrofloxacin (ENRO) tissues (where ENRO is incorporated into complex tissue matrices) for the method comparison, 40-d-old broilers (mixed sex) were orally dosed through drinking water for 3 d at the FDA-approved dose of ENRO (50 ppm)."	( Comparison of a bioassay and a liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) method for the detection of incurred enrofloxacin residues in chicken tissues. Donoghue, DJ; Schneider, MJ, 2004)	0.85
" It is suggested that these MPC values will be useful when considering dosing strategies."	( Mutant prevention concentrations of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin for Salmonella enterica. Cooles, SW; Piddock, LJ; Randall, LP; Woodward, MJ, 2004)	0.57
" To evaluate this possibility in poultry, chickens were divided into four groups and at 33 days of age were dosed with enrofloxacin (Baytril), as per label directions, at either 25 ppm for 3 days, 25 ppm for 7 days, 50 ppm for 3 days, or 50 ppm for 7 days."	( Concentrations of antibiotic residues vary between different edible muscle tissues in poultry. Blore, PJ; Cole, K; Donoghue, DJ; Farnell, MB; Reyes-Herrera, I; Schneider, MJ, 2005)	0.54
"The objective of the present study was to determine whether selection of fluoroquinolone resistance could be easily induced in Campylobacter jejuni-colonized chickens by treatment with enrofloxacin of representative fluoroquinolones at the inherent dosage licensed in Japan (50 ppm in drinking water for 3 days)."	( Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni in chickens exposed to enrofloxacin treatment at the inherent dosage licensed in Japan. Asai, T; Harada, K; Ishihara, K; Kojima, A; Takahashi, T; Tamura, Y, 2005)	0.74
" Hence, a series of oral pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in four groups of broilers medicated individually through an oral cannula as follows: group A, medicated only with enrofloxacin 10mg/kg; group B, receiving immediately one after the other, calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and enrofloxacin 10mg/kg; group C, dosed first with calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and 1h later enrofloxacin (10mg/kg); and group D, dosed first with calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and 2h later enrofloxacin (10mg/kg)."	( Enhancement of enrofloxacin serum antibacterial activity by calcium primed broilers. Aguilera, R; Gutiérrez, OL; Sumano, LH, 2007)	0.88
"Successful clinical management of bacterial pneumonia in horses depends on the administration of an appropriate antimicrobial agent at an adequate dosage and frequency, given by the correct route of administration for an adequate duration."	( Enrofloxacin use in a long-distance transport model of equine respiratory disease. Davis, E; Ewert, KM; Herr, LG; Rush, BR, 2006)	1.78
" Enrofloxacin at 10 times the recommended dosage is acutely toxic to the outer retina of clinically normal cats."	( Ocular and systemic manifestations after oral administration of a high dose of enrofloxacin in cats. Dubielzig, RR; Ford, MM; Giuliano, EA; Moore, CP; Narfström, KL, 2007)	1.48
" An enrofloxacin dosage of 5-10 mg/kg achieves peak plasma concentrations >1 microg/ml, with an elimination half-life of 6-20 hr, in alligators."	( In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma iguanae proposed sp. nov. isolated from vertebral lesions of green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Brown, DR; Demcovitz, DL; Plourdé, DR; Rotstein, DS; Westfall, ME, 2006)	0.89
"This study compared pharmacokinetic profiles in cattle dosed subcutaneously with two different formulations of enrofloxacin (5% and 10%) at a dose of 5 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after subcutaneous administration in cattle. de Lucas, JJ; Froyman, R; González, F; Rodríguez, C; San Andrés, MI, 2008)	0.85
" Blood levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (enrofloxacin's active metabolite), were determined after either intramuscular or oral dosing of enrofloxacin for 7 days in a cross-over study."	( A pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after oral and intramuscular dosing of enrofloxacin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Handt, L; Hasselschwert, D; Kastello, M; Klein, H, 2008)	0.98
" In conclusion, the use of a dosing regimen that minimized the intestinal output of fluoroquinolones also minimized the selection of resistance to several classes of antibiotics."	( Comparison of the selection of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli during enrofloxacin administration with a local drug delivery system or with intramuscular injections in a swine model. Beaudry, F; Béraud, R; Bernier, D; del Castillo, JR; Huneault, L; Letellier, A, 2008)	0.57
" After intravenous dosing of enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg), plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured using liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometry."	( Altered pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in experimental models of hepatic and renal impairment. Hwang, YH; Kim, MS; Lim, JH; Park, BK; Song, IB; Yun, HI, 2009)	0.94
" Ten hours later, treated cells were administered IV to each dog such that (14)C-ENR was delivered at a mean +/- SD dosage of 212 +/- 43 microg."	( Evaluation of the distribution of enrofloxacin by circulating leukocytes to sites of inflammation in dogs. Boeckh, A; Boothe, DM; Boothe, HW, 2009)	0.63
" Repeated measures models were applied to log-transformed data to assess dosing trends and Pearson correlations were calculated to assess concentration associations."	( Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end-stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Cole, LK; Hillier, A; Kwochka, KW; Lehman, AM; Papich, MG; Smeak, DD, 2009)	0.62
" The mean score was significantly greater in birds dosed for 5 days with 50, 100, 300 or 600 mg/kg/day of enrofloxacin when compared to the control group."	( Effect of increasing doses of enrofloxacin on chicken articular cartilage. Jaroszewski, JJ; Maślanka, T; Mikołajczyk, A; Rotkiewicz, T, 2009)	0.86
" coli isolates that may facilitate design of the dosing regimen."	( Detection of fluoroquinolone resistance level in clinical canine and feline Escherichia coli pathogens using rapid real-time PCR assay. Boothe, DM; Johnson, CM; Kaltenboeck, B; Shaheen, BW; Wang, C, 2009)	0.35
") administration of ER at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight (b."	( Dispositions and residue depletion of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in muscle tissue of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Chareonsan, A; Jermnak, U; Klangkaew, N; Kumagai, S; Poapolathep, A; Sakulthaew, C; Sukasem, T, 2009)	0.62
" This study investigated the uterine distribution of EFX and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFX) in mares and assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EFX against various common pathogens as a basis for establishing a rational dosing schedule."	( Enrofloxacin-based therapeutic strategy for the prevention of endometritis in susceptible mares. Confalonieri, A; Fumuso, E; García, J; González, C; Moreno, L; Rivulgo, M; Sánchez Bruni, S; Sparo, M, 2010)	1.8
" Plasma concentrations of orally dosed marbofloxacin were too low to be quantified."	( Absorption of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin after oral and subcutaneous administration in diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Govendir, M; Griffith, JE; Higgins, DP; Krockenberger, MB; Li, KM, 2010)	0.72
" In an effort to evaluate this relationship, 156 broiler chickens, 5 wk of age, were dosed with either 25 or 50 µg/mL of enrofloxacin for 3 or 7 d, respectively, in the drinking water."	( The relationship between blood and muscle samples to monitor for residues of the antibiotic enrofloxacin in chickens. Blore, PJ; Donoghue, DJ; Reyes-Herrera, I; Schneider, MJ, 2011)	0.8
" By the analytical chemistry assay, the 10%, 25% and 50% diluted autoclaved fecal samples dosed with enrofloxacin showed binding of 50±4."	( In vitro enrofloxacin binding in human fecal slurries. Ahn, Y; Cerniglia, CE; Haydée Fernández, A; Linder, SW; Pineiro, SA; Steve Yan, S; Veach, BT, 2012)	1.01
" The bacterial communities of the control and enrofloxacin dosed fecal samples were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and pyrosequencing."	( Impact of enrofloxacin on the human intestinal microbiota revealed by comparative molecular analysis. Cerniglia, CE; Chun, J; Kim, BS; Kim, JN; Yoon, SH, 2012)	1.04
" Dosing to achieve MPC concentrations (where possible) may serve to reduce the selection of bacterial subpopulations with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility."	( Comparative minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, tilmicosin and tulathromycin against bovine clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica. Blondeau, BJ; Blondeau, JM; Blondeau, LD; Borsos, S; Hesje, CE, 2012)	0.61
" These results indicate that authorised dosage of enrofloxacin used in pulsed medicated water administration could be ineffective against more than the 70% of circulating APEC strains, indicating the need to test the drug susceptibility of APEC prior to administering the drug and adopting a more convenient medication schedule for mass treatment."	( Approved medication of water with enrofloxacin to treat turkey colibacillosis: assessment of efficacy using a PK/PD approach. Cagnardi, P; Di Leva, V; Giovanardi, D; Lucatello, L; Montesissa, C; Ortali, G; Russo, E, 2012)	0.91
"After oral administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) and pradofloxacin (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively), serum collection and ultrafiltration in regular intervals over a period of 24 h were performed, followed by tissue sampling at the end of the third dosing protocol (pradofloxacin 6 mg/kg)."	( Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog - comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration. Engelhardt, E; Gosheger, G; Hardes, J; Hauschild, G; Rohn, K; Sager, M, 2013)	0.68
" PK-PD data in conjunction with MPC and MIC90 data predicted dosage schedules for enrofloxacin that may achieve optimum efficacy in respect of bacteriological and clinical cure and minimize the risk of emergence of resistance."	( Mutant prevention concentration and PK-PD relationships of enrofloxacin for Pasteurella multocida in buffalo calves. Balaje, RM; Kaur, G; Rampal, S; Sidhu, PK, 2013)	0.86
"To determine the dosage of enrofloxacin in southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus), plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after intravenous (IV) (5 mg/kg) and intramuscular (IM) (10 mg/kg) administration."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of enrofloxacin in southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus). Argibay, H; de Lucas, J; Orozco, M; Prados, AP; Rodriguez, C; San Andres, MI; Sassaroli, JC; Waxman, S, 2013)	0.94
" Based on these results, the European Union-recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg seems ineffective to achieve adequate drug plasma concentrations and even the 20 mg/kg by 10 h pulsed or continuous medicated water administration did not reach completely efficacious concentrations in plasma against colibacillosis."	( Enrofloxacin against Escherichia coli in turkeys: which treatment scheme is effective? Cagnardi, P; Ferraresi, C; Giacomelli, M; Grilli, G; Intorre, L; Lucatello, L; Meucci, V; Montesissa, C; Piccirillo, A, 2014)	1.85
" Feces of chickens treated with an enrofloxacin dosage of 10mg/kg bodyweight revealed maximum enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations of 61."	( Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces - a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS. Hamscher, G; Janusch, F; Mohring, SA; Scherz, G, 2014)	0.68
" Next to simply reducing antimicrobial consumption, optimizing dosage regimens can be regarded as a suitable strategy to reduce antimicrobial resistance development without jeopardizing therapy efficacy and outcome."	( Effect of administration route and dose escalation on plasma and intestinal concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in broiler chickens. Antonissen, G; Croubels, S; De Backer, P; De Baere, S; Devreese, M, 2014)	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling of enrofloxacin data using mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of enrofloxacin was conducted in febrile buffalo calves to optimize dosage regimen and to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance."	( Mutant prevention concentration, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration, and modeling of enrofloxacin data established in diseased buffalo calves. Kaur, G; Ramalingam, B; Rampal, S; Sidhu, PK; Venkatachalam, D, 2015)	0.88
" The third and fourth group were exposed to different "carry-over dosages" for three weeks, 3% of the recommended dosage were applied to the third and 10% to the fourth group."	( Effects of carry-over of fluoroquinolones on the susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli in the intestinal microbiota of poultry. Glünder, G; Kietzmann, M; Scherz, G; Stahl, J, )	0.13
" There was a significant delay in the production of humoral response of enrofloxacin dosed pigs when compared with CV group."	( Immune response in pigs treated with therapeutic doses of enrofloxacin at the time of vaccination against Aujeszky's disease. Czyżewska-Dors, E; Kwit, K; Lipowski, A; Pejsak, Z; Pomorska-Mól, M; Rachubik, J, 2015)	0.89
" The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could increase dosing interval of ENR and thus reduced dosing frequency during long-term treatment."	( Pharmacokinetics studies of enrofloxacin injectable in situ forming gel in dogs. Li, HM; Luo, XQ; Tian, J; Yu, ZG; Zhang, ZR, 2016)	0.73
" baerii for 3-5 d continuously at the dosage of 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg once daily, respectively."	( Rule of accumulation of enrofloxacin in Acipenser baerii and drug-induced damage to the tissues. Li, S; Lu, T; Wang, D, 2016)	0.74
" In conclusion, DTME showed satisfactory bitter taste-masking property; this novel formulation was likely to provide more selectable dosage forms for ENRO."	( Double-coated enrofloxacin microparticles with chitosan and alginate: Preparation, characterization and taste-masking effect study. Deng, F; Fan, G; Fu, H; Lin, J; Liu, M; Peng, G; Shi, F; Shu, G; Yin, D; Yin, L; Yuan, Z; Zhao, L, 2017)	0.82
" Parenteral administration at doses higher than the manufacturer recommended dosage has induced cartilage lesions in juvenile mammals and poultry."	( Short communication: Alteration in blood parameters by enrofloxacin in juvenile lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, Linnaeus, 1758) after intramuscular injection. Bertini, S; Ceneri, F; Cortinovis, L; de la Casa Resino, I; Mandrioli, L; Medri, G; Mordenti, O; Perez-Lopez, M; Sirri, R; Zaccaroni, A, 2017)	0.7
" In this study, the daily clinical dosage of ENR and daily additive amount of ROX were administrated to Bama pigs."	( Effect of enrofloxacin and roxarsone on CYP450s in pig. Ai, X; Jiang, M; Li, Y; Qiu, J; Thunders, M, 2018)	0.88
" MPC concentrations provide a dosing target which may serve to reduce amplification of bacterial subpopulations with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility."	( Mutant prevention and minimum inhibitory concentration drug values for enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, tilmicosin and tulathromycin tested against swine pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis. Blondeau, JM; Fitch, SD, 2019)	0.75
" Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ENR) in freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus siamensis, following single intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight (b."	( Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Chaiyabutr, N; Chokejaroenrat, C; Giorgi, M; Klangkaew, N; Phaochoosak, N; Poapolathep, A; Poapolathep, S; Wongwaipairote, T, 2020)	1.1
" Our objective is to evaluate the effect of two approved dosing regimens of enrofloxacin (a single high dose or three low doses) on Escherichia coli in cattle."	( The effect of enrofloxacin on enteric Escherichia coli: Fitting a mathematical model to in vivo data. Erwin, S; Foster, DM; Jacob, ME; Lanzas, C; Papich, MG, 2020)	1.15
" However, sufficient pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing are lacking."	( Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna). Griffioen, JA; Lewbart, GA; Papich, MG, 2020)	0.84
" The long-acting injectable preparation of doxycycline was well tolerated by koalas when administered via the subcutaneous route, and the weekly dosing requirement is a major advantage when treating wild animals."	( Clinical comparison of five anti-chlamydial antibiotics in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Booth, R; Nyari, S, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, soil enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, and Rubisco) were measured after exposure to soils dosed with copper (Cu) and/or enrofloxacin (ENR) over 28 days."	( Effects of interaction between enrofloxacin and copper on soil enzyme activity and evaluation of comprehensive toxicity. Chen, Y; Conkle, JL; Kim, YM; Mao, S; Wang, J; Yang, L; Yang, R; Zhu, L, 2021)	1.11
" In each dosing regimen, enrofloxacin treatment reduced the relative abundance of Enterococcus spp."	( Perinatal treatment of parents with the broad-spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin aggravates contact sensitivity in adult offspring mice. Kowalczyk, P; Strzępa, A; Szczepanik, M, 2021)	1.16
"Use of enrofloxacin in trout farms is reported, especially for the treatment of yersiniosis, albeit various dosing regimens have been used."	( Evaluation of the efficacy of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental challenge with Yersinia ruckeri. Calvez, S; Fournel, C; Peroz, C; Rostang, A; Thorin, C, 2021)	1.36
"In the first of 2 simultaneously conducted experiments, admixtures containing enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and a volume of IV fluid that would be administered over a 20-minute period when dosed at the maintenance infusion rate (40 mL/kg/d for saline solution, LRS, and PLA and 20 mL/kg/d for HES) were created."	( Assessment of the physical compatibility of injectable enrofloxacin with commonly used intravenous fluids and drugs during simulated Y-port administration. Aghili, A; Brooks, AC; Gochenauer, AE; Johnson, PA; Pierce, TJ; Thomovsky, EJ, 2021)	1.1
" Young male rats were orally dosed drug mixtures and single drugs in 14 consecutive days, each at the dose of 20, 80, and 400 mg/(kg·BW) for environmental toxicologic study."	( Toxicologic effect and transcriptome analysis for short-term orally dosed enrofloxacin combined with two veterinary antimicrobials on rat liver. Cheng, L; Han, H; Luan, Y; Shen, J; Tang, S; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.85
" The preservation of certain antibiotic classes for use exclusively in humans, especially in cases of multidrug resistance, has highlighted the need for veterinarians to reduce its use and redefine dosage regimens of antibiotics to ensure efficacy and guard against the development of ABR pathogens."	( Comparing the minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentrations of selected antibiotics against animal isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella typhimurium. Biggs, LJ; Van Vuuren, M; Wentzel, JM, 2022)	0.72
" While low toxicity, high bactericidal activity, and availability in single and multiple dosing regimens make them preferable, the increasing incidence of FQ-resistance in foodborne pathogens and effects on gut microbiota necessitate evaluating their pharmacokinetics (PKs)."	( Comparisons of plasma and fecal pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and enrofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves. Beyi, AF; Coetzee, JF; Dewell, G; Dewell, R; Hawbecker, T; Magnin, G; Mochel, JP; Plummer, PJ; Sahin, O; Slagel, C; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.96
" We analyzed the effects of enrofloxacin on the pig manure bacterial community and functional genes during dosing and without dosing."	( Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure. Cao, Z; Chen, T; Liao, X; Ma, B; Mi, J; Wang, Y; Wen, X; Wu, Y; Xie, G; Zhang, N; Zou, Y, 2022)	1.24
" The dosage of nZVC, initial pH, and reaction temperature were investigated as contributing factors to ENR degradation."	( Oxidation towards enrofloxacin degradation over nanoscale zero-valent copper: mechanism and products. Chen, J; Gan, J; Gong, Z; Li, J; Liu, J; Liu, T; Xie, J, 2023)	1.24
"To further explore short-term exposure of enrofloxacin (ENR) induced toxicity in crucian carp brain that has been reported by our previous work, as well as the possible toxicological mechanisms, this study investigated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to low dosage of ENR through comprehensively assessing expression of BBB constitutive molecules zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as ENR residue in brain of crucian carp."	( Toxicologic effect of short-term enrofloxacin exposure on brain of Carassius auratus var. Pengze. Lin, Z; Liu, H; Ruan, J; Tang, X; Wan, G; Wu, J; Zhang, F, 2023)	1.46
"80 mmol/kg) compound group had a significant effect on average well color development (AWCD) and OTC showed a dose-response relationship."	( New insights into the effects of antibiotics and copper on microbial community diversity and carbon source utilization. Dong, Z; Kim, YM; Mao, S; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wen, S; Yan, X; Zhang, W; Zhu, L, 2023)	0.91
"Adjustment of enrofloxacin dosage is not indicated for azotemic cats."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection to cats with reduced kidney function. Abouraya, M; Foster, JD; Muma, NA; Papich, MG, )	0.76

Role	Description
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
antimicrobial agent	A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.
quinolone
organofluorine compound	An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
N-alkylpiperazine
N-arylpiperazine
cyclopropanes	Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0663	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	3.4473	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.6822	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID743255
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.6822	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.3239	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.9033	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
nonstructural protein 1	Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))	Potency	4.4668	0.2818	9.7212	35.4813	AID2326
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.9145	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	0.7079	36.9043	89.1251	AID504333
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.1093	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7101	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.0919	0.0018	15.6638	39.8107	AID894
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.4125	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624297
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.8102	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	1.7783	16.2081	35.4813	AID652104
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1449628
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
streptokinase A precursor	Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS	EC50 (µMol)	1.2910	0.0600	8.9128	130.5170	AID1902
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcription	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activity	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrils	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (356)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1508627	Counterscreen qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: GLuc-NoTag assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508628	Confirmatory qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1508629	Cell Viability qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID564850	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 8830 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279145	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1016 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID279137	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1008 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID1402345	Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 incubated for 24 hrs followed by re-plating on nutrient agar and measured after overnight incubation by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID144009	Anti-bacterial activity tested against Mycobacterium fortuitum (ATCG 6841)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID396001	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma putrefaciens Jordanian isolates after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma putrefaciens field isolates.
AID279009	Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml log-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count at 0.4 uM after 1 hr relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID564866	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 8934 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279129	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis ATCC 43765 after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID530347	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M carrying blaCTX-M-15 and pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID573308	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ16 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564844	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 9771 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573312	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ5 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID498801	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli DM4100 assessed as decrease in bacterial survival at 3 times MIC by agar plate method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID573081	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ3 PFGE type A1 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID396000	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma putrefaciens French isolates after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma putrefaciens field isolates.
AID564852	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 1972 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573324	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ7 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID621877	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1094 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID1402343	Bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35150 incubated for 24 hrs followed by re-plating on nutrient agar and measured after overnight incubation by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID564858	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2643 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID585432	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pMD18-T::oqxAB by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID572793	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9181 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID305938	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, and interaction with DNA of the vanadyl-enrofloxacin complex.
AID498792	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli DM4100 assessed as bactericidal activity	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID368424	Ratio of MIC for Escherichia coli KAM32 pSTVqepA mutant to MIC for Escherichia coli KAM32 pSTV28 mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID573083	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ5 PFGE type B harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572599	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN10055 harboring GyrA S83Y mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572806	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID450460	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.
AID573321	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ22 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qnrS1 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573292	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ12 PFGE type Q harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572521	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo isolate s2209 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID564855	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2458 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279132	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1003 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID279131	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1002 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID572512	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo isolate s2317 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573281	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ20 PFGE type J1 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572511	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate s2878 harboring wild type ParC gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573301	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ8 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID530345	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BicA expressing blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 and qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID564876	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 5180 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID564878	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 3222 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572524	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley isolate s2018 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573302	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ9 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID1239601	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8	Hydnocarpin-Type Flavonolignans: Semisynthesis and Inhibitory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation.
AID572799	Antimicrobial activity against marA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID529669	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli R4525 expressing gyrA S83L and D87Y and parC S80I and E84G mutant gene by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	ISEcp1-mediated transposition of qnrB-like gene in Escherichia coli.
AID1239605	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8	Hydnocarpin-Type Flavonolignans: Semisynthesis and Inhibitory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation.
AID564857	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 5848 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573294	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ10 PFGE type R harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564846	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 523 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573285	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ7 PFGE type N harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID585424	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 G062-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID585429	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli C600 ST2-T transconjugant harboring oqxAB, qnrB6 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID509630	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identification of a plasmid-borne resistance gene cluster comprising the resistance genes erm(T), dfrK, and tet(L) in a porcine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strain.
AID573297	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ3 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID450459	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.
AID621872	Antibacterial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID585420	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 W191-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID450457	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.
AID572514	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis isolate s2064 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID560260	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium transconjugant p61/9T expressing qnrB19 gene variant carried by IncL/M-like plasmid by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Characterization of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573313	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ4 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID585421	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 W322-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID572786	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN10055 harboring GyrA S83Y mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572813	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/41 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA G81C,acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID279138	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1009 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID621878	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID406634	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/363-5034 isolate containing gyrA and parC quinolone resistance mutations from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID564848	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 4243 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572520	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Virginia isolate s2219 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573290	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ6 PFGE type Q harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID69602	Anti-bacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative EC-1 bacterium	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID564856	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 3036 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID564880	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2670 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572810	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/21 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573090	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ14 PFGE type F harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572811	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/41 harboring GyrA G81C,acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573089	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ13 PFGE type F harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572805	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID621873	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID573284	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ14 PFGE type M harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID209122	Anti-bacterial activity tested against Gram-positive SP1-1 bacterium	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID368419	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 expressing deltaacrB ydhE hsd gene by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID69639	Minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 43, Issue:6	Artificial neural network applied to prediction of fluorquinolone antibacterial activity by topological methods.
AID572801	Antimicrobial activity against soxS::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID313074	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Novel copper(II) complex of N-propyl-norfloxacin and 1,10-phenanthroline with enhanced antileukemic and DNA nuclease activities.
AID572510	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup isolate s2906 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID564879	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 111-2 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573311	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ2 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573320	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ2 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qnrS1 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID279144	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1015 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID573291	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ7 PFGE type Q harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564849	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 1665 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID621880	Antibacterial activity against Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 39277 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID573314	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ20 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572794	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9181 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573969	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni JB201 infected in chicken assessed as decrease in bacterial colonization at 50 mg/L	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Role of Cj1211 in natural transformation and transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants in Campylobacter jejuni.
AID450461	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.
AID572515	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley isolate s2043 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573327	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ10 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564881	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 8998 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573086	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ9 PFGE type D harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID509632	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 25 transformant carrying plasmid pKKS25 and expressing erm(T), dfrKtet(L), tet(K), tet(M), mecA and blaZ genes by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identification of a plasmid-borne resistance gene cluster comprising the resistance genes erm(T), dfrK, and tet(L) in a porcine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strain.
AID1402341	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID530346	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-15 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID1402339	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35150 after 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID573303	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ11 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572523	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis isolate s2052 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID279006	Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID572792	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9945 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID621870	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 ATCC BAA-47 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID621832	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID572803	Antimicrobial activity against ramR-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573309	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ15 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572807	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572596	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 102SA00 harboring GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572796	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564870	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 6099 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572798	Antimicrobial activity against marR-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564845	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 4925 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573289	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ13 PFGE type K harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564865	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 1416 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572517	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup isolate s2856 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID279139	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1010 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID564853	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 1306 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID564851	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 3181 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573283	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ10 PFGE type L harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID279143	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1014 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID406637	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/367-5043 isolate containing gyrA position 83 Ser-Ile substitution mutation from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID573082	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ4 PFGE type A2 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID585418	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli C600 by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID1239609	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315 by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8	Hydnocarpin-Type Flavonolignans: Semisynthesis and Inhibitory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation.
AID573295	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ19 PFGE type S harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572808	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/21 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID313072	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Novel copper(II) complex of N-propyl-norfloxacin and 1,10-phenanthroline with enhanced antileukemic and DNA nuclease activities.
AID621868	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 700 expressing TolC after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID572509	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate SL1344 harboring wild type ParC gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID585425	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 G375-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID477411	Antibacterial activity against MBX-1090-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate d20A1 after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Efflux-mediated bis-indole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus reveals differential substrate specificities for MepA and MepR.
AID572516	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo isolate s2944 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID573304	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ12 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID279135	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1006 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID406633	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/363-5036 isolate containing gyrA and parC quinolone resistance mutations from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID368420	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 pHPA containing mutated GyrA gene by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID515780	Intrinsic solubility of the compound in water	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	QSAR-based solubility model for drug-like compounds.
AID509631	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 transformant carrying plasmid pKKS25 and expressing erm(T), dfrK and tet(L) genes by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identification of a plasmid-borne resistance gene cluster comprising the resistance genes erm(T), dfrK, and tet(L) in a porcine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strain.
AID572597	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 102SA00 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564873	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2E harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID585431	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 D83-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID573280	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ4 PFGE type J1 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572812	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/41 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA G81C,acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1402338	Antibacterial activity against Flavobacterium columnare FC-G1 after 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID564868	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 476-2 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572593	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 902SA92 harboring GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564860	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 77 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279140	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1011 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID530348	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID572595	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 902SA92 harboring GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573287	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ2 PFGE type O harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564869	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 9603 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573328	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ19 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564842	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 4879 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573279	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ5 PFGE type I2 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572598	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 102SA00 harboring GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID621869	Antibacterial activity against TolC deficient Escherichia coli 701 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID1402340	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae WB1445 after 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID559696	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 3963 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	First report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrS1 in an Escherichia coli strain of animal origin in Italy.
AID621883	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 29425 after 16 to 18 hrs by agar dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID572519	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate s2425 harboring wild type ParC gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID406636	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/367-5042 isolate containing gyrA and parC quinolone resistance mutations from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID572817	Antimicrobial activity against ramR::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID498800	Reduction quinolone resistant mutation in wild type Escherichia coli DM4100 assessed as decrease in recovery of resistant bacterial mutant colonies at 5 times MIC by agar plate assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID368422	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 pSTVqepA containing qepA gene ligated to pSTV28 plasmid by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID572815	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/71 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA G81C,acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572518	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate s2705 harboring wild type ParC gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID564875	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate K harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279130	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1001 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID1402344	Bactericidal activity against Streptococcus agalactiae WB1445 incubated for 24 hrs followed by re-plating on nutrient agar and measured after overnight incubation by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID1449628	Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID530349	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID573315	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ26 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID559697	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	First report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrS1 in an Escherichia coli strain of animal origin in Italy.
AID572814	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/71 harboring GyrA G81C, acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID15883	Calculated partition coefficient (clogP)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID144438	Anti-bacterial activity tested against Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCG 19420)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID621871	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring oprM deltamexAB after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID368423	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 pSTVdeltaqepA containing disrupted qepA gene by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID564883	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate PG45 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID621876	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID585426	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 X1B1-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID573299	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ5 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573093	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ15 PFGE type I1 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID585422	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 W245-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID573298	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ4 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID621885	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 16 to 18 hrs by agar dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID621881	Antibacterial activity against Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 55792 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID279142	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1013 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID1646196	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by CLSI method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14	Fluoroquinolones structural and medicinal developments (2013-2018): Where are we now?
AID621874	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis BD54 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID573087	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ11 PFGE type E harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID1646197	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by CLSI method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14	Fluoroquinolones structural and medicinal developments (2013-2018): Where are we now?
AID564867	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 6226 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573095	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ2 PFGE type I2 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572788	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 543SA98 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA S83Y mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID585419	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 W281-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID573084	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ6 PFGE type B harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564864	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 7910 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID572791	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9945 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID498794	Ratio of MBC to MIC99 in wild type Escherichia coli DM4100	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID564877	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 4554 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID621875	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus anthracis Sterne after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID564854	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 3374 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID560259	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium STYM61/9 expressing qnrB19 gene variant carried by IncL/M-like plasmid by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Characterization of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID406638	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/494-5106 isolate containing parC position 83 Ser-Ile substitution mutation from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID573316	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ10 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572790	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9945 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573318	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ7 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA and qnrS1 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573305	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ13 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573310	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ18 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID560261	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CSH26RifR receiving qnrB19 gene variant carried by IncL/M-like plasmid from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium STYM61/9 by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Characterization of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573319	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ1 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qnrS1 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573300	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ6 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID279136	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1007 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID279141	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1012 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID573307	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ15 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572816	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/71 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA G81C,acrR mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564884	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 330 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID396002	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma putrefaciens KS1 after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma putrefaciens field isolates.
AID546209	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 2171 by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Identification of the novel dfrK-carrying transposon Tn559 in a porcine methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strain.
AID305937	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, and interaction with DNA of the vanadyl-enrofloxacin complex.
AID621879	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51575 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID564863	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 7043 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID279134	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1005 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID572513	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka isolate s2159 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID279133	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1004 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID313073	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Novel copper(II) complex of N-propyl-norfloxacin and 1,10-phenanthroline with enhanced antileukemic and DNA nuclease activities.
AID572594	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 902SA92 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA S83A and D87N, GyrB S464F and ParC S80I mutant genes by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID559698	Antibacterial activity against quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli TOP10-3963 transformant harboring qnrS1 gene by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	First report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrS1 in an Escherichia coli strain of animal origin in Italy.
AID279146	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis BB1017 isolate after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	First characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus suis.
AID573296	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ1 PFGE type U harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572787	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 543SA98 harboring GyrA S83F mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID573329	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ1 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qnrB6 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572789	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 543SA98 harboring GyrA S83Y mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572804	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564843	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 962 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID305939	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, and interaction with DNA of the vanadyl-enrofloxacin complex.
AID573288	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ22 PFGE type P harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573293	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ16 PFGE type Q harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564872	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate H harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573094	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ18 PFGE type I2 harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573325	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ12 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID498799	Reduction quinolone resistant mutation in wild type Escherichia coli DM4100 assessed as decrease in recovery of resistant bacterial mutant colonies at 2 times MIC by agar plate assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID564859	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 3179 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID564871	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 9249 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID1402342	Bactericidal activity against Flavobacterium columnare FC-G1 incubated for 24 hrs followed by re-plating on nutrient agar and measured after overnight incubation by two fold serial dilution method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing imidazole skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.
AID572802	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572600	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN10055 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene, GyrA S83Y mutant gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564882	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 861 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID529670	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli J53 transconjugate by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	ISEcp1-mediated transposition of qnrB-like gene in Escherichia coli.
AID573282	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ26 PFGE type K harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573317	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ14 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID279004	Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID279013	Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml log-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count at 0.4 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID572525	Antimicrobial activity against qnrS-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis isolate s2017 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID450458	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis after 24 hrs by twofold serial dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.
AID564874	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2D harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID164235	Anti-bacterial activity tested against Gram-negative PA-7 bacterium	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID498796	Ratio of mutant prevention concentration to MIC99 for wild type Escherichia coli DM4100	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID572818	Antimicrobial activity against ramR-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID585430	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 SP8-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID529671	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	ISEcp1-mediated transposition of qnrB-like gene in Escherichia coli.
AID573286	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ1 PFGE type O harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID477409	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Efflux-mediated bis-indole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus reveals differential substrate specificities for MepA and MepR.
AID530350	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID585427	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 XT11-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID621886	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13882 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID279012	Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml growth-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count after 2 hrs relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID585433	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID572522	Antimicrobial activity against qnrA-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka isolate s2093 harboring ParC QRDR mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Mechanisms of resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains exhibiting a nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.
AID572795	Antimicrobial activity against ramA::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN9181 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID572797	Antimicrobial activity against marR::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID564847	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 4241 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asn mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573323	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ6 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID368418	Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli C316 pHPA containing mutated GyrA gene by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID498790	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli DM4100 by agar or broth dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.
AID621884	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 16 to 18 hrs by agar dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID573085	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ8 PFGE type C harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID206857	Anti-bacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive SA-13 bacterium	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials against mycobacteria: effect of structural changes at N-1 and C-7.
AID368421	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 pSTV28 containing chloramphenicol-resistant vector by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.
AID573326	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ16 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA, qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr gene by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID406635	Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b 04/09/422-5063 isolate containing gyrA and parC quinolone resistance mutations from Atlantic cod after 5 days by microplate broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	gyrA and parC Mutations and associated quinolone resistance in Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2b strains isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway.
AID564861	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 170 harboring GyrA 83Ser and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573092	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ16 PFGE type H harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID564862	Antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma bovis isolate 2029 harboring GyrA 83Phe and ParC 84Asp mutant by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Rapid detection of a point mutation in the parC gene associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma bovis.
AID573322	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate CQ13 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qnrS1 by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572800	Antimicrobial activity against soxR::kan-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S/921495 by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID279007	Ratio of MBC to MIC for Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID585428	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 SW8-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID573091	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ15 PFGE type G harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID572809	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BN18/21 harboring plasmid encoded RamR gene by agar doubling dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID621882	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 29425 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of decarboxylated fluoroquinolones.
AID573088	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ12 PFGE type F harboring qepA gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID573306	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate GZ14 transconjugant harboring 16S rRNA methylase RmtB and qepA by agar dilution method relative to recipient strain	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs.
AID585423	Antimicrobial activity against oqxAB positive Escherichia coli C600 G262-T transconjugant by CLSI agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1224864	HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)	2016	PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10	Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	7 (0.51)	18.7374
1990's	162 (11.82)	18.2507
2000's	399 (29.10)	29.6817
2010's	546 (39.82)	24.3611
2020's	257 (18.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	97 (6.78%)	5.53%
Reviews	16 (1.12%)	6.00%
Case Studies	69 (4.82%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	1,249 (87.28%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pharmacokinetic Study to Assess and Compare the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin After Dermal, Inhaled, and Oral Dosing [NCT03575312]				6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-27	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.48	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.44	2	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine 9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	purine nucleoside
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.02	4	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.07	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.21	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.07	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.11	4	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	3.39	1	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.9	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.7	1	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.5	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.49	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.07	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cytosine [no description available]	7.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	9.36	4	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.07	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
glycine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	7.17	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	2.5	2	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.57	2	0	imidazole
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.76	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; anilide	analgesic
naringenin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.78	3	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.13	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.55	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.47	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.6	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	3.38	2	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.15	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazinoic acid pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.	2.13	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid	antitubercular agent; drug metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.21	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.07	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.73	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	7.41	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
tryptamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.58	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	7.31	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.99	4	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.13	1	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.99	4	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.49	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.07	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor	2.13	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
phenytoin [no description available]	2.49	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.13	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	2.13	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
etofylline etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.13	1	0
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.07	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	2.13	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.55	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetarsol [no description available]	2.5	2	0	acetamides; anilide
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.49	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethacridine Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.	2.07	1	0	acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetamides; anilide
adiphenine adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
aklomide aklomide: structure	2.07	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
albendazole [no description available]	7.73	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.07	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	2.5	2	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.07	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	7.94	4	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.77	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.07	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	2.5	2	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	coccidiostat
aniracetam [no description available]	2.13	1	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
anisindione anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant; vitamin K antagonist
antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.07	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.07	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.5	2	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.13	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.47	2	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.	2.13	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	2.5	2	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.13	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.47	2	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.77	3	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	7.05	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	2.13	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betaxolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.13	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	2.5	2	0	diarylmethane
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
brimonidine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine	adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	9.14	3	1	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
seratrodast [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
bufexamac Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
bumetanide [no description available]	2.5	2	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.07	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butacaine butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92	2.5	2	0	benzoate ester
butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.	2.5	2	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	local anaesthetic
caffeine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3	4	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbamylcholine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.5	2	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	2.13	1	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.07	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.07	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.95	4	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.13	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.47	2	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.77	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.03	4	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.13	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.13	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cilostazol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.5	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
aricine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.13	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	12.87	329	20	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clomiphene [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.07	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.13	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	sulfonamide
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cloxyquin cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinolines
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.07	1	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.07	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.47	2	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	2.78	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.07	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.13	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.11	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.47	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.77	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.07	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.97	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	4.68	6	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorophen Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.13	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.49	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; aromatic ether; benzothiazepine; lactam; tertiary amino compound
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	2.07	1	0	oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.05	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenylpyraline diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.	2.07	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.49	2	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stallimycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
disulfiram [no description available]	2.5	2	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.07	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.13	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	2.07	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dipropizine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperazines
dyclonine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; piperidines	topical anaesthetic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.5	2	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.5	2	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.13	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.05	1	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	8.12	5	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
epirizole Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
myambutol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	amino alcohol
profenamine profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic antagonist; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	2.05	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.07	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.5	2	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.	2.13	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.13	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	7.1	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	2.07	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.07	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.95	4	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.13	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.13	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.5	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.	6.04	26	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.77	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.77	3	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furafylline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	7.75	3	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.77	3	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.07	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	9.65	25	0
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.07	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.49	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.5	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.21	1	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
fluorometholone [no description available]	2.13	1	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	4.11	3	1	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.07	1	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.13	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.13	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.13	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
hexoprenaline Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.	2.07	1	0
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	2.5	2	0	acetamides
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.98	4	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.5	2	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.07	1	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.13	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.77	3	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.83	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.07	1	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.49	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.05	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.5	2	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.5	2	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.	2.13	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodoquinol Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organoiodine compound	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiseptic drug
ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; isoflavones	bone density conservation agent
iproniazid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
isoetharine Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.	2.07	1	0	catecholamine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.5	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.07	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
itraconazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperazines
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.71	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	4.38	4	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.13	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.08	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.07	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.13	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.5	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	5.09	13	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.13	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.07	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	2.1	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.	2.5	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles	anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes
edaravone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.47	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.49	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.13	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.07	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.07	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.07	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.13	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
nocodazole [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	4.93	8	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.07	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.47	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.5	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.13	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.5	2	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.13	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tetralins
nafronyl Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes
naftopidil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperazines
nalidixic acid [no description available]	9.86	33	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.5	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2.13	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.5	2	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.13	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.13	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitromide nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure	2.07	1	0
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	8.07	67	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cm 7116 norflutoprazepam: structure	2.13	1	0	benzodiazepine
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.05	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	6.62	46	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	2.07	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino acid amide
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	4.25	17	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
benoxinate benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.	2.07	1	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; local anaesthetic; topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.08	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.13	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.47	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.53	2	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	2.07	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.5	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure	2.07	1	0	acetamides
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.13	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.05	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.	3.59	1	1	pyridines; tertiary amino compound
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.13	1	0	phenols
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.49	2	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrroloindole
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.5	2	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.05	1	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.13	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.5	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenperone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.07	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.5	2	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.43	2	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	2.13	1	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.29	6	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.5	2	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.05	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.47	2	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.5	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	2.07	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
proxyphylline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.77	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aralkylamine
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	2.13	1	0	quinolines
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.5	2	0	benzothiazoles
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.13	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	7.52	2	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.5	2	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	5.31	12	1	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
aldactazide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid lactone
imatinib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.	2.13	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.77	3	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	8.16	5	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.77	3	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	5.89	8	1	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	3	4	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	4.39	18	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.16	4	0	pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.	7.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.91	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaquinoxaline Sulfaquinoxaline: An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.	7.52	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.05	1	0
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.07	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.07	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	3.3	6	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	benzodiazepine
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.13	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.25	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.5	2	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.47	2	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).	2.07	1	0	hydroxybenzoquinone	keratolytic drug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.07	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.03	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	2.07	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.07	1	0	aziridines
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.13	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.13	1	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.5	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	2.07	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.77	3	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	2.5	2	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
tosufloxacin tosufloxacin: quinolone anti-infective agent; structure given in first source. tosufloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tosufloxacin.. 7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively.	2.42	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; aminopyrrolidine; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound; quinolone antibiotic; tertiary amino compound
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	2.5	2	0	triazolopyrimidines
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	2.49	2	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
triclosan [no description available]	8.01	3	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	7.14	31	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	2.05	1	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.07	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.07	1	0	acetamides
tulobuterol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound
tyramine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urapidil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.07	1	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	piperidines
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.79	3	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
xylometazoline xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.13	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.13	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.01	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium bromide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
corticosterone [no description available]	2.61	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.49	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.57	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.48	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	1.99	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.5	2	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.13	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.41	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
neostigmine methylsulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	arylammonium sulfate salt	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.13	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.5	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
androsterone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
promazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	2.13	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	9.92	8	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.07	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	2.13	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.07	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.41	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.07	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	4.52	23	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzyltrimethylammonium chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.5	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
promethazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.96	4	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
uridine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.92	8	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
ethopabate Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.	2.07	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	14.29	407	27	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
tolazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzenes
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.13	5	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.07	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	2.13	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.07	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.06	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.13	1	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	7.42	2	0	benzoxazole
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.13	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	3.37	1	1	anilines; primary arylamine
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.13	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.03	1	0
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.5	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	3.18	5	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.07	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.13	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.07	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.13	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.48	22	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cytarabine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.5	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acetophenones
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
isopropamide iodide isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
mestranol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
lidocaine hydrochloride lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.05	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.96	4	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.04	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.02	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
mepenzolate bromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.4	2	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	7.52	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	2.07	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
sulfachlorpyridazine Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.	2.57	2	0	organochlorine compound; pyridazines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.13	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.73	3	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
9,10-phenanthrenequinone 9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure	2.13	1	0	phenanthrenes
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.97	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diisobutyl phthalate diisobutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.	2.97	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser; PPAR modulator; teratogenic agent
phensuximide phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidines
acriflavine chloride 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride : The 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; histological dye; intercalator
fluorene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethisoquin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	2	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.51	2	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.63	2	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.13	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
synephrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.05	1	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.46	1	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.	2.13	1	0	organoarsonic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid 3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.	2.13	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	2.15	1	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.5	2	0	pyridinium salt
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.5	2	0	alkane
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.21	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.6	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.5	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
thiodipropionic acid thiodipropionic acid: structure	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
behenic acid behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.58	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
imipramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.13	1	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.07	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	2.13	1	0	chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2.13	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.3	6	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	2.5	2	0	quinolines
chloroprocaine chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; monochlorobenzenes	central nervous system depressant; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
methapyrilene hydrochloride methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride	2.13	1	0	benzoate ester
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.13	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.21	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.	2.13	1	0	20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.07	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.13	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	7.6	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.	2.6	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	mutagen
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.6	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
thiazoles [no description available]	2.78	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
propantheline bromide [no description available]	2.5	2	0	xanthenes
calcium gluconate [no description available]	3.42	1	1	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.05	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.	2.13	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
pargyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
orphenadrine hydrochloride orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
fluocinonide Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.	2.5	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
xanthinol niacinate Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.	2.13	1	0
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.6	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	7.15	1	0
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.07	1	0	phthalazines
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	2.02	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.41	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.13	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
1,2-naphthoquinone naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.	2.13	1	0	1,2-naphthoquinones	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt	2.07	1	0	benzamides
4-iodophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	iodophenol
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.14	5	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.41	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.	2.13	1	0	bipyridine
doxylamine succinate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
monoacetyldapsone monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone
formestane [no description available]	2.13	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
chlorotrianisene Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.	2.13	1	0	chloroalkene	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor modulator; xenoestrogen
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.47	2	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
aminacrine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
bethanechol chloride bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.13	1	0	carbamate ester; chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscarinic agonist
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.5	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.13	1	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.13	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
2-hydroxyacetanilide 2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.57	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.47	2	0
trimetozine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	morpholines
clopamide Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.13	1	0	sulfonamide
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5.69	24	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
docosanol Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.	2.07	1	0	docosanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	antiviral drug; plant metabolite
tetracyanoethylene tetracyanoethene: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	2.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
malononitrile dimer Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine	2.13	1	0
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.04	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
diphenyl disulfide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzenes
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid ester
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.5	2	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ethidium bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic bromide salt	geroprotector; intercalator; trypanocidal drug
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.58	2	0	zinc molecular entity
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.16	5	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.54	5	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	3.81	2	1
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	2.13	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)	2.5	2	0	21-hydroxy steroid
diethylcarbamazine citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperazinecarboxamide
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	8.63	9	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
azacyclonol azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.	2.13	1	0	androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
guaiacoxyacetic acid guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
methylene diphosphonate medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.	2.13	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	bone density conservation agent; chelator
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.5	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	2.5	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.	2.13	1	0	acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antipsoriatic; prodrug
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.42	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
antazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
mebeverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
clopidol pharmcoccide: Russian drug; no other info available 1/1/79	2.08	1	0	chloropyridine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.13	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clidinium bromide clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.	2.13	1	0
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.07	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diloxanide furoate diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.	2.13	1	0	carboxylic ester; furans; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	antiamoebic agent; prodrug
streptomycin [no description available]	3.34	6	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.04	1	0	carbon oxoanion
nitroxoline nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; monohydroxyquinoline	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; renal agent
cladribine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.5	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
imidocarb Imidocarb: One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reported.	4.24	5	0	ureas	antiprotozoal drug
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	2.42	2	0
alverine citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	citrate salt; organoammonium salt	antispasmodic drug; cholinergic antagonist
cyclogyl cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.	2.13	1	0
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.07	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.	2.13	1	0
isoetharine mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
lanthanum [no description available]	2.06	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.58	2	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.48	2	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	7.57	2	0	manganese group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.08	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.06	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	3.38	6	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.46	2	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.81	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	8.23	5	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.07	4	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.13	1	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.61	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.08	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	4.25	13	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	2.61	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	7.82	3	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
6-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
tungstate [no description available]	7.41	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	7.51	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.49	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.97	4	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.51	1	1
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.84	3	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.07	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	dermatologic drug; drug allergen
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.08	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	phenoxy herbicide
parbendazole parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.05	1	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.07	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
benserazide hydrochloride benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
thiamphenicol [no description available]	7.58	25	6	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.94	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	2.13	1	0
ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope
fluorides [no description available]	2.61	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.07	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
tetridamin tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure	2.13	1	0
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.5	2	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
clonixin Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.	3.91	12	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
capobenic acid [no description available]	2.5	2	0	benzamides
diftalone [no description available]	2.07	1	0
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.07	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
thymolphthalein Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.	2.13	1	0	terpene lactone
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.21	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.07	1	0
clobetasol propionate Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid	anti-inflammatory drug
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.61	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
frentizole frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	7.26	35	3	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.07	1	0	tryptamines
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.17	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
eterobarb [no description available]	2.13	1	0	barbiturates
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.13	1	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.07	1	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.13	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	3.12	5	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
proroxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
etomidate ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant	2.13	1	0	imidazoles
buspirone hydrochloride buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.07	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	9.92	8	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
flunixin flunixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino group. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine (usually as the meglumine salt) for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.	2.44	2	0	aminopyridine; organofluorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.13	1	0
flunixin meglumine flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.	3.75	10	0	organoammonium salt	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	2.07	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
picobenzide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
oxfendazole [no description available]	2.1	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.13	1	0	acetate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug
nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dihydropyridine	geroprotector
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.21	1	0
triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.46	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.13	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.13	1	0
indalpine indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	indoles
lidamidine lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure	2.07	1	0	ureas
pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	2.13	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.68	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
cerm-1978 bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	4.52	7	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
dazoxiben hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.13	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.07	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.07	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	2.07	1	0	imidazoles
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	3.13	5	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
dopexamine dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	catecholamine
difloxacin difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.	6.17	17	2	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
sarafloxacin sarafloxacin: RN & structure given in first source	9.33	19	0	quinolines
lonapalene RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound
ipsapirone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
rufloxacin rufloxacin: structure in first source	2	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.4	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.68	3	0	quinolines
sparfloxacin [no description available]	8.62	9	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	stilbenoid
orbifloxacin orbifloxacin: structure given in first source in error (quinolone nitrogen atom not shown)	5.15	10	1	quinolines
marbofloxacin [no description available]	7.73	35	5	quinolines
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.07	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.03	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
tobramycin sulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
scarlet red Scarlet Red: structure. Sudan IV : A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.	1.99	1	0	azobenzenes; bis(azo) compound; naphthols	carcinogenic agent; fluorochrome; histological dye
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.8	3	0	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
paroxetine hydrochloride paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.97	4	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.	2.5	2	0
doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States.	2.13	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	geroprotector
amantadine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
trimethoprim sulfamethizole trimethoprim sulfamethizole: used in treating liver pulmonary lesions	2.11	1	0
sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination: combination of trimethoprim & sulfadiazine	4.1	3	1
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	2.05	1	0	iodine oxoacid
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	ruthenium coordination entity	fluorochrome
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
ticlopidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498	2.13	1	0	catecholamine
fenclofenac fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
proxicromil proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.13	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	7.64	40	4	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
acetylcholine bromide acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine.	2.13	1	0	bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.13	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
tryptamide tryptamide: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
bicozamycin bicozamycin : A commercially important azabicyclic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces sapporonensis. It inhibits the Rho protein of E. coli.	2.02	1	0	azabicycloalkane; bridged compound	antibacterial agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; antiinfective agent
torbafylline torbafylline: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
pazufloxacin [no description available]	7.48	2	0	quinolines
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aralkylamine
oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidines
thioridazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	first generation antipsychotic; geroprotector
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist
procainamide hydrochloride procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
siquil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent
mepivacaine hydrochloride mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; piperidinecarboxamide	local anaesthetic
oxymetazoline hydrochloride oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
diphenidol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
trenbolone acetate Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.	2	1	0	steroid ester
alprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
edoxudin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-ketoestradiol [no description available]	2.13	1	0
17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
amizyl [no description available]	2.13	1	0
chloranilic acid chloranilic acid: structure	2.01	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	3.18	5	0	phenanthroline
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1,8-diaminonaphthalene 1,8-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
dyclonine hydrochloride dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	topical anaesthetic
clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug
prazosin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
miconazole nitrate miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.13	1	0
econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.	2.13	1	0
toltrazuril toltrazuril: structure in first source	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.47	2	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.13	1	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
danofloxacin [no description available]	6.7	29	2	quinolines
clobetasone butyrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
loxapine succinate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	succinate salt	geroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acetamides	geroprotector
labetalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	salicylamides
diflorasone diacetate diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
acecainide hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
maprotiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	anthracenes
hydroxyzine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	8.7	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
betamipron [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
mepindolol mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	indoles
fpl 52791 FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure	2.07	1	0
buparvaquone buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source	2	1	0
secnidazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; secondary alcohol	epitope
olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure	2.5	2	0	quinoxaline derivative
metrenperone [no description available]	1.98	1	0
epanolol epanolol: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	acetamides
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
gramicidin s [no description available]	2.03	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
alborixin alborixin: polycyclic, polyether, acidic, ionophore antibiotic; RN given refers to cpd with stereoisomeric designation; structure in sixth source. alborixin : A polyether antibiotic that is isolated from cultures of a strain of Streptomyces albus.	1.97	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic	ionophore
pd 117588 PD 117588: structure given in first source	2	1	0
ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.13	1	0	ergot alkaloid
pramoxine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
butyrylcholine chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase	2.49	2	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
chloropyramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
6-aminoindazole 6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	indazoles
norfloxacin nicotinate norfloxacin nicotinate: structure given in first source	3.38	1	1
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	sulfoxide
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.48	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
5-aminoindazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
phentolamine mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.1	1	0
goethite [no description available]	2.03	1	0
oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
2-methylhippuric acid 2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid.	2.13	1	0	N-acylglycine	metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	local anaesthetic
isometamidium chloride isometamidium chloride: Samorin & Veridium are tradenames	7.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
meclizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.	2.13	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
malic acid, (r)-isomer (R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	malic acid
21-deoxycortisol 21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; deoxycortisol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite
estrone 3-methyl ether estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.13	1	0
e-250 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.	2.13	1	0	rac-1-monoacylglycerol
nipecotic acid amide nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia.	2.13	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide
levcromakalim [no description available]	2.5	2	0	1-benzopyran
tachistin tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol	2.13	1	0
cortisol octanoate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.15	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2-chloromandelic acid 2-chloromandelic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
armepavine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
pd 118879 [no description available]	2	1	0
n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	purine nucleoside
hexylcaine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
mizoribine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.79	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sr141716 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.07	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines
gamma-fagarine gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
betaxolol hydrochloride betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
Zearalanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	7.7	28	6	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
butethamate citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	piperidines
gallopamil hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
histamine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ci 934 CI 934: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
fpl-52694 FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
pd-117596 PD-117596: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.13	1	0	leucine derivative
ramatroban [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	2.13	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
methotrexate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.05	1	0
xaliproden xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; tertiary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine	serotonergic agonist
n-isobutyrylcysteine N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer	2.07	1	0
pd 124816 PD 124816: structure given in first source	2	1	0
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	2.07	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
quilostigmine quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	pyrroloindole
imiloxan [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzodioxine
carbapenems [no description available]	2.41	1	0
aspartame [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.13	1	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.49	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
tempol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminoxyls; hydroxypiperidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; catalyst; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
tris-(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium tris-(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium: (103)Ru-labeled indigestible marker for large intestine studies; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.49	21	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	2.41	1	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
vatalanib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
arginine beta-naphthylamide arginine beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-arginine 2-naphthylamide : An L-arginine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide; L-arginine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione 1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	8.79	10	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
idazoxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.55	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	2.07	1	0	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
pirlimycin pirlimycin: RN given refers to (mono-HCl(2S-cis)-isomer)	2.43	2	0
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; prodrug
antazoline phosphate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.11	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	2.66	2	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.05	1	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.05	1	0	carbodiimide
fpl 52757 FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
pridinol mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	7.44	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	2.04	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.05	1	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
fpl 59257 FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D	2.07	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.5	2	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.07	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
erlotinib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
zeneca zd 6169 Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
sibenadet sibenadet: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.49	2	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	1.97	1	0
latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure	2.07	1	0	methylpyridines; pyridoindole	geroprotector
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
piribedil mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
serc [no description available]	2.13	1	0
procyclidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	2.07	1	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
firocoxib firocoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor; structure in first source. firocoxib : An enol ether that is the cyclopropylmethyl ether of 3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]furan-2-one. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses and dogs.	8.46	1	1	butenolide; cyclopropanes; enol ether; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sorafenib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
(7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	macrolide
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.03	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	2.5	2	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.	2.13	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid
adrenosterone adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17.	2.13	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite
gossypol acetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
benzatropine methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone 4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein.	2.13	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone
2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug
medrysone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
artisone acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer curine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	amine
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	3.76	10	0
mequindox Mequindox: a synthetic quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative which can effectively improve growth and feed efficiency in animals; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
permanganate [no description available]	7.13	1	0	manganese oxoacid
carboplatin [no description available]	2.15	1	0
mbx 1066 MBX 1066: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.1	1	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.6	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
bekanamycin bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	kanamycins
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.5	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
salicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
mandelic acid, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.13	1	0	(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; mandelic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	2.13	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	2.13	1	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.41	1	0	cellotriose
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	3.42	1	1	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.41	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	9.37	4	1	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.1	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.04	1	0
acebutolol hydrochloride acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
dicyclomine hydrochloride dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic tricyclic compound	geroprotector
linezolid [no description available]	2.8	3	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide (S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.	2.07	1	0	N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
surfactin c surfactin C : A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been lactonised by condensation with the alcoholic hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; macrocyclic lactone	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; surfactant
valnemulin valnemulin: a pleuromutilin derivative	3.41	1	1	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone
difluprednate difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer	2.13	1	0	butyrate ester; corticosteroid hormone
halcinonide Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	SMO receptor agonist
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	2.07	1	0	amino sugar
dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.13	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
amcinonide amcinonide: structure	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; spiroketal	anti-inflammatory drug
flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.13	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.5	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.13	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.52	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.8	3	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.17	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	8.83	11	0
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.02	1	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.44	2	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	5.13	9	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.13	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).	2.13	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; imidazoles; pyrrolopyrazine	anti-inflammatory agent; dopamine uptake inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.13	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.05	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.13	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.13	1	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
pd 135042 PD 135042: inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; structure in first source	2	1	0
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	2.13	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	3.46	1	1
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.13	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.11	1	0	isomethyleugenol
thermospine thermospine: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
dibenzylidene acetone dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cycloheptafuran
5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; benzofurans
5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
haplamine haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
tiamulin tiamulin: 81723 HFU and tiamutin are for fumarate salt; prevents senescence in ascomycete; pleuromutilin derivative; RN given refers to ((3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,5alpha,6alpha,8beta,9alpha,9abeta,10S*))-isomer. tiamulin : A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.	3.72	10	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide; secondary alcohol; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary amino compound; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antibacterial drug
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.13	1	0
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
glycerylphosphorylcholine choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.	2.13	1	0	phosphocholines; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; parasympatholytic; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine nitrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.13	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
phenytoin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available]	2.13	1	0
4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzamides
methamilane methiodide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
physostigmine salicylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	azaheterocycle salicylate salt; salicylates
pilocarpine nitrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
methylatropine nitrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.13	1	0	pyridines
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzoxazine
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.47	2	0	chlorprothixene
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.13	1	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.5	2	0	pyrimidone
4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzamides
crotamiton [no description available]	2.07	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.13	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	phthalimides
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.	2.13	1	0	urocanic acid	human metabolite
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	stilbenoid
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	psoralens
1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidotriazine
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
thiothixene [no description available]	2.5	2	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyridochromene
5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	chromones
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic amide; furans
2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.47	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	7.44	2	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	stilbenoid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzothiazoles
N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	flavones; tert-butyl ester
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	2.13	1	0	imidazolidines
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	7.72	3	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
mecysteine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.47	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	1.99	1	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.5	2	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
dihydrosamidine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene
eskazine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene
2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	isopropyl ester; piperazines
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	2.13	1	0	macrolide
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.05	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	6.55	14	1	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	2.42	2	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	2.13	1	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
almokalant almokalant: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
quinine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
vx-745 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; pyrimidopyridazine	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
deracoxib SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.	2.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-aminohippuric acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-acylglycine
apramycin apramycin : An aminoglycoside that is 2-deoxystreptamine that is substituted on the oxygen at position 4 by an (8R)-2-amino-8-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,7-trideoxy-7-(methylamino)-D-glycero-alpha-D-allo-octodialdo-1,5:8,4-dipyranos-1-yl) group.	7.42	2	0	2-deoxystreptamine derivative; aminoglycoside; organic heterobicyclic compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
trimethoprim [no description available]	2.13	1	0
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
silybin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.45	2	0
3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfide
rs-130830 RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor	2.07	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.47	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazolidines
Anthraniloyllycoctonine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diterpene alkaloid
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2	1	0
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic amide
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.07	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.13	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	harmala alkaloid
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.07	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.13	1	0
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
quercetin [no description available]	7.51	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.13	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.13	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
tylosin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aldehyde; disaccharide derivative; enone; leucomycin; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	allergen; bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.07	1	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.07	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
prostaglandin f1 prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	2.13	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	1.99	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.	2.13	1	0	maleate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.13	1	0	maleate salt	anti-allergic agent
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.13	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
estriol 17-glucuronide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid saponin
pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.13	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.	2.13	1	0	4-hydroxy steroid	metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.13	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
xylometazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.	2.13	1	0	organoammonium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
dinoprost tromethamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
hydrocortisone valerate hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer	2.13	1	0	cortisol ester; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; valerate ester
homatropine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.	2.05	1	0	ketone; prostaglandins Falpha	metabolite
prostaglandin f2 methyl ester prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	2.13	1	0	prostanoid
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
perhexiline maleate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent	2.13	1	0
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.05	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.13	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.47	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.	2.13	1	0	6alpha-hydroxy steroid
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.31	1	0	cyclodextrin
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ar c67085mx PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors	2.07	1	0
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.	2.5	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.13	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sb 223412 SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
u-44619 thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.	2.13	1	0
furazolidone [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
nifuroxazide nifuroxazide: structure	2.13	1	0	benzoic acids
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	3.01	3	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
molsidomine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
rg 13022 RG 13022: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
styrylquinoline styrylquinoline: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	2-styrylquinoline
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.13	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.07	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefixime [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	2.07	1	0	styrenes
kavain [no description available]	2.13	1	0	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
quinocetone quinocetone: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.	2.13	1	0	maleate salt	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
trimebutine maleate salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	isoflavones
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	2.13	1	0
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.61	6	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.17	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefquinome cefquinome: broad spectrum antibiotic; RN given refers to (6R(6alpha,7beta(Z)-isomer); structure given in first source	8.82	2	1
mbx 1090 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.52	2	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
naltrexone hydrochloride naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
tiotropium tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.07	1	0
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nylidrin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	H1-receptor antagonist
phentolamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
famotidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fendiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.	2.13	1	0	benzamides
nab-365 clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
dithiazanine iodide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzothiazoles; organic iodide salt	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029 Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.48	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.1	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	2.02	1	0
sinequan [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
buflomedil hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
moxisylyte hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	monoterpenoid
ici d1542 ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors	2.07	1	0
gavestinel [no description available]	2.07	1	0
dirithromycin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	prodrug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
butoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.	2.13	1	0
protriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
emetine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.8	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
epinephrine bitartrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
bicuculline methobromide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.13	1	0
androst-16-en-3-one androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo steroid; androstanoid	mammalian metabolite; pheromone
butaclamol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
dihydroouabain [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
LSM-6455 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid
estradiol 17-acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid ester
dantrolene [no description available]	2.07	1	0
tipredane [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
bentiromide bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide	diagnostic agent; indicator; reagent
(3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrrolidines
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.03	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	2.49	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
pradofloxacin pradofloxacin: veterinary fluoroquinolone; structure in first source	4.56	5	1
utibapril utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid	2.07	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	5.23	11	1
tulathromycin tulathromycin: structure in first source	6.13	10	3	aminoglycoside
zd 9379 ZD 9379: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
ly 450139 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	peptide
valnemulin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	2.07	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.44	2	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	3.14	5	0
zeolites [no description available]	2.42	2	0
linaprazan linaprazan: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
imidocarb dipropionate [no description available]	3.56	2	0
altrenogest altrenogest: a synthetic PROGESTERONE agonist; used in estrus synchronization	2	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid
lecozotan lecozotan: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
ar c155858 AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
cefotaxime sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
isosilybin a isosilybin A: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzenes; substituted aniline
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	2.01	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	2.1	1	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.11	1	0
5-hydroxyflunixin 5-hydroxyflunixin: drug residue in cow milk	2.1	1	0
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.03	1	0
avoparcin avoparcin: glycopeptide antibiotic from Streptomyces candidus; antibiotic growth promoter for improving growth rates & feed conversion efficiency of broiler chickens & pigs	2.01	1	0
N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.83	3	0	glycoside
ceftiofur ceftiofur: structure in first source	7.61	31	5
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.45	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.5	6	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
azd 7545 AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).	2.07	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary carboxamide	EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
chitosan [no description available]	3.79	8	0
lincospectin [no description available]	2.44	2	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.13	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
penicillin g potassium benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin.	2.13	1	0	organic potassium salt
clavulanate potassium potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.	2.07	1	0	potassium salt	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cytomel liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt
piperacillin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
cefoxitin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
nafcillin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
estrone sulfate, potassium salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt
naproxen sodium naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
quinupristin-dalfopristin quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
arginine Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.	1.97	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.31	1	0
a 967079 A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	1.98	1	0
pht 427 4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.41	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	3.59	8	0
tilmicosin tilmicosin: semi-synthetic antibiotic. tilmicosin : A macrolide antibiotic with formula C46H80N2O13. It is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease associated with Mannheimia haemolytica.	5.97	13	2
tylosin [no description available]	6.94	25	3
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.49	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
coumermycin coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amide; coumarins; glycoside; heteroarenecarboxylate ester; pyrroles	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.69	3	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	9.94	35	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.95	12	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	9.97	57	4
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.01	1	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.49	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	4.75	6	1	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.13	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.13	1	0
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.55	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.54	2	0
gamithromycin gamithromycin: an antibiotic used in cattle. gamithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic with formula C40H76N2O12. It is used for the treatment of of bovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. The compound is also licensed in Europe for the treatment of footrot in sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium nodosus.	3.7	1	0	macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.05	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.6	1	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	3.42	6	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.31	1	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	2.02	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	7.52	2	0
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	2.17	1	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.1	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	3.4	1	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.55	2	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.07	1	0
narasin narasin: related to salinomycin & A28086B; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.5	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
guanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.07	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.04	3	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.87	11	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.77	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.07	1	0	dacarbazine
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.07	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
kf38789 KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.13	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.07	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pralidoxime iodide pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.	2.13	1	0	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
pralidoxime chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic chloride salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	2.07	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
fenobam fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate	2.07	1	0	ureas
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.41	1	0
octaarginine octaarginine: structure in first source	7.11	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	7.7	32	2
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	5.74	18	1
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.49	2	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	9.19	81	10
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	9.19	81	10
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	7.98	4	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.04	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	9	44	6
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	8.77	66	8
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	5.83	21	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	10.83	21	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.44	7	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.57	2	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.06	13	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	8.93	40	6
Recrudescence [description not available]	5.6	6	3
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	8.68	27	3
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	6.79	22	3
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	13.68	27	3
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	4.7	28	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	7.18	20	5
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	3.41	7	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	3.21	5	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	8.21	5	0
Vaginal Discharge A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.	2.41	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.95	17	5
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents.	5	4	2
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	4.99	8	1
Canine Diseases [description not available]	9.86	65	6
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	8.72	40	3
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.96	4	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.41	1	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	2.41	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.9	2	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	4.49	5	1
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	4.49	5	1
Acute Radiation Syndrome A condition caused by a brief whole body exposure to more than one sievert dose equivalent of radiation. Acute radiation syndrome is initially characterized by ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; VOMITING; but can progress to hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological, pulmonary, and other major organ dysfunction.	2.41	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	6.11	16	2
Flavobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE.	5.75	7	3
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	5.25	6	2
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	5.25	6	2
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	3.52	8	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	3.52	8	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	2.6	1	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	2.47	2	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	2.47	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	4.97	8	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	4.97	8	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.18	4	0
Foot Rot A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)	3.52	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	5.85	8	1
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	6.77	8	3
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	3.14	5	0
Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available]	4.11	2	1
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	4.91	7	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	3.14	5	0
Bacteremia, Hemorrhagic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	4.56	2	2
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	4.69	6	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	10.83	8	3
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	5.67	10	2
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	2.7	3	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	5.67	10	2
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	2.25	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.98	4	0
Anaplasma Infection [description not available]	3.43	7	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	4.3	18	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	4.07	2	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.61	2	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.75	3	0
Co-infection [description not available]	2.31	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.78	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4.81	31	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.95	4	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.15	1	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	4.66	6	1
Diathesis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cecitis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.74	3	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.17	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	6.35	5	3
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.17	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.17	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.17	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.17	1	0
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Eardrum Perforation [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Tympanic Membrane Perforation A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.	2.21	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	3.64	1	1
Pleuropneumonia Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with PLEURISY, inflammation of the PLEURA.	3.83	2	1
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of MYCOPLASMA.	3.59	1	1
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	2.21	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.59	1	1
Emesis [description not available]	3.84	2	1
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	3.84	2	1
Infection [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.08	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.44	2	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.08	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	6.17	6	2
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	3.27	6	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	4.08	15	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.83	12	6
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	2.95	4	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.49	2	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Ear Infection [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.1	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	2.1	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.7	3	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	3.12	5	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.11	1	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	7.72	3	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	5.22	6	2
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	8.27	6	0
Pythiosis A granulomatous disease caused by the aquatic organism PYTHIUM insidiosum and occurring primarily in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, fishes, and rarely in humans. It is classified into three forms: ocular, cutaneous, and arterial.	2.49	2	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	4.9	4	2
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	4.9	4	2
Ornithosis [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Psittacosis Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.	7.71	3	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Stillbirth The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.	2.11	1	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	4.66	6	1
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	2.11	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	4.66	6	1
Enzootic Calf Pneumonia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	4.17	16	0
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Encephalitis Infection [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.	2.13	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.49	2	0
Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.	2.13	1	0
Ache [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.13	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	8.51	1	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.13	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.13	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	2.13	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	7.42	2	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.15	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.51	2	0
African Swine Fever A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	2.13	1	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	2.13	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.13	1	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.42	2	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.51	2	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	3.63	3	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.05	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	2.05	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.05	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.05	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	6.47	6	3
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	6.47	6	3
Amaurosis [description not available]	4.72	11	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	9.72	11	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	9.18	6	0
AIDS, Feline [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA.	2.44	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.05	1	0
Actinobacillus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS.	4.89	8	1
Arthropathies [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	3.43	1	1
Bacterial Conjunctivitides [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Panophthalmitis Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.	2.01	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.	3.81	2	1
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available]	5.44	5	3
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.	5.44	5	3
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	7.05	1	0
Bartonella henselae Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Angiomatosis, Bacillary A reactive vascular proliferation that is characterized by the multiple tumor-like lesions in skin, bone, brain, and other organs. Bacillary angiomatosis is caused by infection with gram-negative Bartonella bacilli (such as BARTONELLA HENSELAE), and is often seen in AIDS patients and other IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS.	2.42	2	0
Cat-Scratch Disease A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by AFIPIA felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by BARTONELLA HENSELAE. It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom.	2.05	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	2.94	4	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.05	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.05	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.05	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.05	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.05	1	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.05	1	0
Infections, Tick-Borne [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	2.05	1	0
Gingivostomatitis, Herpetic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Stomatitis, Herpetic Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.	2.05	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.05	1	0
Trichocephaliasis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Trichuriasis Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.	2.05	1	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	2.05	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.05	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	2.05	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2.43	2	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.05	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	7.05	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	4.35	4	1
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.41	2	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	3.8	2	1
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	2.07	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	3.46	1	1
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	2.44	2	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	3.84	2	1
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.72	3	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	8.84	2	1
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	2.42	2	0
Anaplasmataceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE.	2.01	1	0
Infections, Mycoplasmatales [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	2.01	1	0
Entomophthoramycosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Zygomycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.	2.01	1	0
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.01	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.01	1	0
Ocular Tuberculosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	2.01	1	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2.01	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	2.02	1	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	7.02	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.	2.02	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.41	2	0
Edema Disease of Swine An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.	4.86	4	2
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.43	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.02	1	0
Infections, Rhabditida [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	2.02	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.02	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to CATTLE recently transported. The major agent responsible for the disease is MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA and less commonly, PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA or HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS. All three agents are normal inhabitants of the bovine nasal pharyngeal mucosa but not the LUNG. They are considered opportunistic pathogens following STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL and/or a viral infection. The resulting bacterial fibrinous BRONCHOPNEUMONIA is often fatal.	4.29	4	1
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.41	2	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.02	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.02	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.41	2	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	2.03	1	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	2.03	1	0
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	2.44	2	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	2.44	2	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	2.03	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	2.42	2	0
Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Sporotrichosis The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.	2.03	1	0
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	2.04	1	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.04	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.04	1	0
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	2.04	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.04	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Neoplasms, Sebaceous Gland [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	2.4	2	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.4	2	0
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	2.4	2	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	1.98	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.39	2	0
Food Poisoning, Salmonella [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Salmonella Food Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.	2.39	2	0
Balanitis Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.	1.98	1	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	1.98	1	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	1.98	1	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	2.9	4	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	1.98	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	1.99	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	1.99	1	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	1.99	1	0
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	1.99	1	0
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	1.99	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	1.99	1	0
Bartonella bacilliformis Infection [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Ozena [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).	1.99	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	8.77	2	1
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.99	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.	1.99	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.99	1	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	2.39	2	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	2.39	2	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	1.99	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2.4	2	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	1.99	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	1.99	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	1.99	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2	1	0
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	2	1	0
Scrofuloderma [description not available]	2	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	2	1	0
Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.	2	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.4	2	0
Bites [description not available]	2	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hydrophobia [description not available]	2	1	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.4	2	0
Bordetella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.	3.79	2	1
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	2	1	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	2	1	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	2	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	2	1	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2	1	0
Empyema, Thoracic [description not available]	2	1	0
Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.	2	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	2	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	2	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	2	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	2	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	2	1	0
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	2	1	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	2	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	2	1	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	2	1	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	7	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	2	1	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	2	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	2	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	2	1	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	2	1	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	7.01	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	1.98	1	0
Brazilian Spotted Fever [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever An acute febrile illness caused by RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII. It is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks and occurs only in North and South America. Characteristics include a sudden onset with headache and chills and fever lasting about two to three weeks. A cutaneous rash commonly appears on the extremities and trunk about the fourth day of illness.	6.97	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	1.97	1	0

enrofloxacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (161)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (6)

Protein Targets (22)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (40)

Molecular Functions (17)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (356)

Research

Studies (1,371)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 59.84

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

enrofloxacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (161)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (6)

Protein Targets (22)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (40)

Molecular Functions (17)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (356)

Research

Studies (1,371)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 59.84

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (1,440)

Related Conditions (425)