gs 4071 profile

GS 4071: The acid form. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	449381
CHEMBL ID	674
CHEBI ID	73139
SCHEMBL ID	182903
MeSH ID	M0282078

Synonym
(3r,4r,5s)-4-(acetylamino)-5-amino-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 4-(acetylamino)-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-, (3r-(3alpha,4beta,5alpha))-
k6106lv5q8 ,
unii-k6106lv5q8
chembl674 ,
bdbm4994
(3r,4r,5s)-5-amino-4-acetamido-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
HY-13318
oseltamivir acid, (-)-
chebi:73139 ,
ro-640802
187227-45-8
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohex-ene-1-carboxylic acid
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
oseltamivir carboxylate
gs4071
gs-4071 ,
gs 4071
1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 4-(acetylamino)-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-, (3r,4r,5s)-
ro-64-0802
ro 64-0802
G39 ,
oseltamivir acid
oseltamivir free acid
DB02600
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-pentan-3-yloxycyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
(3r,4r,5s)-4-(acetylamino)-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexence-1-carboxylic acid
oseltamivir carboxylic acid
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
CS-0553
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetylamino-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
oseltamivir phosphate impurity c [ep impurity]
oseltamivir phosphate impurity, oseltamivir acid- [usp impurity]
SCHEMBL182903
A3689
DTXSID50171996 ,
oseltamivir (acid)
AKOS027325283
C90284
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
oseltamivir-carboxylate
Q27140336
204255-09-4 (hcl)
(3r,4r,5s)-4-acetylamino-5-amino-3(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
gs 4071;ro 64-0802;oseltamivir carboxylate
A907638
EN300-150145
oseltamiviracid
(3r,4r,5s)-4-(acetylamino)-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
dtxcid6094487

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No marked side effect was reported."	( High levels and safety of oseltamivir carboxylate plasma concentrations after nasogastric administration in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit. Chappuy, H; Duchêne, P; Ducrocq, S; Giraud, C; Hubert, P; Manceau, S; Mogenet, A; Oualha, M; Treluyer, JM, 2011)	0.37
" No influenza, neurologic, or laboratory adverse effects occurred."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir for prophylaxis of neonates exposed to influenza H1N1. Dotsikas, Y; Drakoulis, N; Karalis, V; Loukas, YL; Maltezou, HC; Siahanidou, T; Theodoridou, M; Zervaki, E, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic profile of oseltamivir is simple and predictable, and twice daily treatment results in effective antiviral plasma concentrations over the entire administration interval."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite Ro 64-0802. He, G; Massarella, J; Ward, P, 1999)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for oseltamivir and Ro 64-0802."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
"Bioequivalence was achieved for the primary pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC(0, infinity ) of Ro 64-0802 following administration of oseltamivir with either Maalox suspension or Titralac(R) tablets vs administration of oseltamivir alone."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
" There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between oseltamivir with either antacid, demonstrating that the oral absorption of oseltamivir was not impaired in the presence of antacids containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" A significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of O (except for T(max) and t(1/2,lambdaz)) was found when the plasma samples were treated with dichlorvos."	( Studies on the influence of esterase inhibitor to the pharmacokinetic profiles of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in rats using an improved LC/MS/MS method. Chang, Q; Chow, MS; Zuo, Z, 2009)	0.35
" Each infusion dose was followed by a no-drug washout, producing the appropriate half-life for this drug."	( Prediction of the pharmacodynamically linked variable of oseltamivir carboxylate for influenza A virus using an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model system. Brown, A; Drusano, GL; Kulawy, R; McSharry, JJ; Weng, Q, 2009)	0.35
" This review aims to describe the current knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of this agent, and to address the issue of possible therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Oseltamivir in seasonal, avian H5N1 and pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 influenza: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Aouri, M; Buclin, T; Decosterd, LA; Ivanyuk, A; Meylan, P; Widmer, N, 2010)	0.36
"The purpose of this study was to determine pharmacokinetic parameters for oseltamivir in all trimesters of pregnancy."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir according to trimester of pregnancy. Greer, LG; Leff, RD; McCracken, GH; Roberts, SW; Rogers, VL; Sheffield, JS; Wendel, GD, 2011)	0.37
" This should nevertheless be confirmed by a controlled pharmacokinetic study performed on a larger number of patients."	( Pharmacokinetics and diffusion into sputum of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in adults with cystic fibrosis. Babany, G; Hubert, D; Jullien, V; Launay, O; Lortholary, O; Sermet, I, 2011)	0.37
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can assist in the development of drug therapies and regimens suitable for challenging patient populations such as very young children."	( Development of a physiologically based model for oseltamivir and simulation of pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants. Davies, B; Hoffmann, G; Koerner, A; Lave, T; Parrott, N; Prinssen, E; Singer, T; Theogaraj, E, 2011)	0.37
" These models incorporated physicochemical properties and in vitro metabolism data into mechanistic representations of pharmacokinetic processes."	( Development of a physiologically based model for oseltamivir and simulation of pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants. Davies, B; Hoffmann, G; Koerner, A; Lave, T; Parrott, N; Prinssen, E; Singer, T; Theogaraj, E, 2011)	0.37
" The population pharmacokinetic exposure profiles of oseltamivir carboxylate (the active metabolite) were comparable between class III obese subjects and nonobese adults (healthy and infected)."	( Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in obese adults: dose modification for weight is not necessary. Lodise, TP; Pai, MP, 2011)	0.37
" A pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between Os and immunosuppressive drugs might adversely affect the efficacy and/or toxicity of the latter agents."	( Oseltamivir, an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor drug, does not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetic characteristics of cyclosporine, mycophenolate, or tacrolimus in adult renal transplant patients. Aoki, FY; Jeffery, J; Lam, H; Sitar, DS, 2011)	0.37
" The mean Cmax values for oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate were found to be lower than those reported for children 1 to 5 years old, whereas Tmax values were similar to children 1 to 5 years old."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir for prophylaxis of neonates exposed to influenza H1N1. Dotsikas, Y; Drakoulis, N; Karalis, V; Loukas, YL; Maltezou, HC; Siahanidou, T; Theodoridou, M; Zervaki, E, 2012)	0.38
" OC, the active form of oseltamivir, was quantified in plasma, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were determined."	( Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. Antignac, M; Combes, A; Corvol, E; Farinotti, R; Fernandez, C; Lemaitre, F; Luyt, CE; Nieszkowska, A; Roullet-Renoleau, F; Zahr, N, 2012)	0.38
"OC Cmax (1029 ± 478 ng/mL) and area under the curve (9."	( Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. Antignac, M; Combes, A; Corvol, E; Farinotti, R; Fernandez, C; Lemaitre, F; Luyt, CE; Nieszkowska, A; Roullet-Renoleau, F; Zahr, N, 2012)	0.38
"Prospective, open-label, pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eyler, RF; Heung, M; Mueller, BA; Napolitano, LM; Park, PK; Pleva, M; Sowinski, KM, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for the patient who received only ECMO were not reported."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eyler, RF; Heung, M; Mueller, BA; Napolitano, LM; Park, PK; Pleva, M; Sowinski, KM, 2012)	0.38
" This study aimed to investigate the impact of covariates on pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of oseltamivir and its active metabolite form, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: pediatrics through geriatrics. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Forrest, A; Kamal, MA; Rayner, CR; Reynolds, DK; Smith, PF; Subramoney, V; Van Wart, SA, 2013)	0.39
" The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of oseltamivir and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate, in obese and nonobese healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics of orally administered oseltamivir in healthy obese and nonobese Thai subjects. Charunwattana, P; Day, NP; Hanpithakpong, W; Jittamala, P; Lawpoolsri, S; Lindegardh, N; Panapipat, S; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tarning, J; Taylor, WR; White, NJ, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict changes in CES1 substrate drug exposure in humans with CES1 activity impaired by ethanol or loss-of-function CES1 genetic polymorphisms."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of impaired carboxylesterase-1 activity: effects on oseltamivir disposition. Edginton, AN; Hu, ZY; Laizure, SC; Parker, RB, 2014)	0.4
"A multicentre steady-state pharmacokinetic study of OS was performed in 35 non-pregnant and 29 pregnant women."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Beigi, RH; Caritis, SN; Clark, S; Easterling, TR; Han, K; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Pillai, VC; Ren, Z; Venkataramanan, R; Zajicek, A, 2015)	0.42
" Both non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic approaches documented approximately 45 (23-62)% increase in clearance (CL/F) of OC during pregnancy."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Beigi, RH; Caritis, SN; Clark, S; Easterling, TR; Han, K; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Pillai, VC; Ren, Z; Venkataramanan, R; Zajicek, A, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic data for 24 adults with ESRD were pooled from a single-dose and a multiple-dose study to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling."	( Investigating clinically adequate concentrations of oseltamivir carboxylate in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Clinch, B; Gibiansky, L; Kamal, MA; Lien, KY; Rayner, CR; Robson, R; Subramoney, V, 2015)	0.42
"The aims of the present study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and its active antiviral metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate in obese and non-obese individuals and to determine the effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetic properties of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in obese and non-obese volunteers. Chairat, K; Day, NP; Hanpithakpong, W; Jittamala, P; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
"The population pharmacokinetic properties of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate were evaluated in 12 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m(-2) ) and 12 non-obese (BMI <30 kg m(-2) ) Thai adult volunteers receiving a standard dose of 75 mg and a double dose of 150 mg in a randomized sequence."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in obese and non-obese volunteers. Chairat, K; Day, NP; Hanpithakpong, W; Jittamala, P; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" However, these altered pharmacokinetic properties were small and did not change the overall exposure to oseltamivir carboxylate."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in obese and non-obese volunteers. Chairat, K; Day, NP; Hanpithakpong, W; Jittamala, P; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic analysis also exhibited similar plasma concentrations of the active drug, oseltamivir carboxylate, metabolised from both OSV-B and OSV-P."	( Comparison of anti-influenza virus activity and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir free base and oseltamivir phosphate. Bae, MA; Go, YY; Jang, Y; Kim, M; Kim, SS; Ku, KB; Kwon, OS; Shin, D; Shin, JS; Yoon, YS, 2017)	0.46
" Pregnancy had only a modest effect upon the pharmacokinetic parameters of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate in non-pregnant and pregnant rhesus monkeys. Basavarajappa, M; Beland, FA; Fisher, J; Gamboa da Costa, G; Loukotková, L; Lumen, A; Mattison, D; Morris, SM; Roberts, R, 2020)	0.56
" A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), was established and validated to simulate their disposition in adults and predict the exposure in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis (CP-C)."	( Simulation of the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir and Its Active Metabolite in Normal Populations and Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Chen, Y; Ke, M; Lin, C; Xu, J, 2020)	0.56
" Serum, nasopharyngeal, and tracheal aspirate pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1-60 from MHAA4549A-treated groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of the Monoclonal Antibody MHAA4549A Administered in Combination With Oseltamivir in Patients Hospitalized With Severe Influenza A Infection. Castro, A; Deng, R; Hanley, WD; Horn, P; Kulkarni, P; Lim, JJ; Maia, M; McBride, JM; Newton, E; Peck, MC; She, G; Tavel, JA, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the renal drug-drug interaction potential of oseltamivir."	( The anti-influenza drug oseltamivir exhibits low potential to induce pharmacokinetic drug interactions via renal secretion-correlation of in vivo and in vitro studies. Barrett, J; Cihlar, T; Hill, G; Ho, ES; Liu, B; Oo, C; Prior, K; Ward, P; Wiltshire, H, 2002)	0.31
" These mt-QSARs offer also a good opportunity to construct drug-drug Complex Networks (CNs) that can be used to explore large and complex drug-viral species databases."	( Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks. Chou, KC; González-Díaz, H; Martinez de la Vega, O; Prado-Prado, FJ; Ubeira, FM; Uriarte, E, 2009)	0.35
" Along with the case studies, several hurdles for drug development such as dose selection, frequency of dosing, and duration of the clinical studies, picking the right surrogate(s) for efficacy, evaluation of drug-drug interaction potential with other co-substrates have been discussed in line with the current day requirements for a sound clinical and regulatory strategy."	( Is there a place for drug combination strategies using clinical pharmacology attributes?--review of current trends in research. Srinivas, NR, 2009)	0.35
" Three dimensional analysis of drug-drug interactions revealed that IFN-λ1 interacted with IFN-β and oseltamivir carboxylate in an additive or synergistic manner, respectively, to inhibit influenza A virus replication in human airway epithelial cells."	( In vitro anti-influenza A activity of interferon (IFN)-λ1 combined with IFN-β or oseltamivir carboxylate. Donnelly, RP; Ilyushina, NA, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absolute bioavailability of the active metabolite from orally administered oseltamivir is 80%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite Ro 64-0802. He, G; Massarella, J; Ward, P, 1999)	0.3
" The bioavailability (90% confidence intervals) of Ro 64-0802 following administration of oseltamivir together with Maalox suspension vs administration of oseltamivir alone, was 90% (83."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
" The low affinity of OC to sediments suggests that presence of sediments would not reduce its bioavailability to microbial degradation."	( Environmental fate of the antiviral drug Tamiflu in two aquatic ecosystems. Accinelli, C; Fick, J; Lindberg, R; Olsen, B; Saccà, ML, 2009)	0.35
" Case studies discussed in this review include: a) the use of probenecid to block the organic anion renal transport of oseltamivir carboxylate (a key active metabolite of oseltamivir phosphate) to reduce the oral dose of oseltamivir phosphate; b) the use of rifampicin to induce the CYP2C19 enzyme and thereby, promote the formation of a potent active metabolite M8 (nelfinavir hydroxyl-t-butylamide) and achieve sustained blood levels to combat HIV infection along with ritonavir; c) the use of CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, cyclosporin A, ritonavir etc to overcome the extensive presystemic metabolism of docetaxel and enhance the oral bioavailability of docetaxel."	( Is there a place for drug combination strategies using clinical pharmacology attributes?--review of current trends in research. Srinivas, NR, 2009)	0.35
"The objective of this study was to assess the relative bioavailability of oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite) following oral administration of the market suspension, the clinical trial suspension and the market capsule formulations of oseltamivir (prodrug) in healthy subjects."	( Oseltamivir oral suspension and capsules are bioequivalent for the active metabolite in healthy adult volunteers. Barrett, J; Kirkpatrick, C; Lennon, S; Rayner, C, 2009)	0.35
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" Oseltamivir carboxylate has high bioavailability and penetrates sites of infection at concentrations that are sufficient to inhibit viral replication."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: an oral antiviral for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in diverse populations. Davies, BE, 2010)	0.36
" According to the currently available literature, the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate after oral administration of oseltamivir are characterized by mean ± SD bioavailability of 79 ± 12%, apparent clearance of 25."	( Oseltamivir in seasonal, avian H5N1 and pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 influenza: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Aouri, M; Buclin, T; Decosterd, LA; Ivanyuk, A; Meylan, P; Widmer, N, 2010)	0.36
" The absolute oral bioavailability of these compounds was lower than 12%."	( Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents. Chen, CA; Chen, CL; Cheng, TJ; Cheng, YS; Fang, JM; Hsieh, WC; Hu, OY; Huang, PW; Jan, JT; Lin, WH; Shie, JJ; Tarbet, EB; Wang, SY; Weinheimer, S; Wong, CH, 2012)	0.38
" Among different prodrug strategies pursued, a simple amidoxime ethyl ester (9) exhibited a superior PK profile with an oral bioavailability of 31% (rats), which is comparable to oseltamivir (36%)."	( Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A. Clement, B; Koch, O; Kotthaus, J; Müller-Fielitz, H; Raasch, W; Riebling, L; Schade, D; Schmidtke, M; Seidel, N, 2014)	0.4
" The lipophilic acyl substituents were verified to improve cell permeability, and may also improve the bioavailability of acylguanidine compounds."	( Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses. Cheng, TJ; Cheng, YE; Chiu, DC; Fang, JM; Hsu, PH; Jan, JT; Lee, PS; Tsai, KC; Wu, KL, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The pharmacokinetic profile of the active metabolite is linear and dose-proportional, with less than 2-fold accumulation over a dosage range of oseltamivir 50 to 500 mg twice daily."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite Ro 64-0802. He, G; Massarella, J; Ward, P, 1999)	0.3
" Treatment of infected children > or =1 year and adults of all ages may decrease the severity and duration of the symptoms of infection, while prophylactic dosing can prevent their onset."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: an oral antiviral for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in diverse populations. Davies, BE, 2010)	0.36
" The age-specific oseltamivir dosage was doubled to counter expected decreased plasma drug concentrations due to increased volume of distribution on ECMO support."	( Plasma concentrations of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Ahsman, MJ; de Hoog, M; Fraaij, PL; Osterhaus, AD; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2010)	0.36
" These increased plasma concentrations related to the increased oseltamivir dosage and decreased kidney function."	( Plasma concentrations of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Ahsman, MJ; de Hoog, M; Fraaij, PL; Osterhaus, AD; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2010)	0.36
" The apparent clearance is highly correlated with renal function, hence the dosage needs to be adjusted in proportion to the glomerular filtration rate."	( Oseltamivir in seasonal, avian H5N1 and pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 influenza: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Aouri, M; Buclin, T; Decosterd, LA; Ivanyuk, A; Meylan, P; Widmer, N, 2010)	0.36
" In this study, we exposed an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor, operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), to a simulated influenza-pandemic dosing of antibiotics and antivirals for 8 weeks."	( Pandemic pharmaceutical dosing effects on wastewater treatment: no adaptation of activated sludge bacteria to degrade the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and loss of nutrient removal performance. Barr, JJ; Bond, PL; Singer, AC; Slater, FR; Turner, S, 2011)	0.37
" Increasing the dose and/or dosing frequency of oseltamivir during pregnancy may be necessary to achieve comparable exposure in pregnant and nonpregnant women."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir among pregnant and nonpregnant women. Beigi, RH; Caritis, SN; Clark, S; Easterling, T; Han, K; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Mattison, DR; Ren, Z; Venkataramanan, R; Zajicek, A, 2011)	0.37
" Finally, exposures after intravenous dosing in neonates were predicted."	( Development of a physiologically based model for oseltamivir and simulation of pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants. Davies, B; Hoffmann, G; Koerner, A; Lave, T; Parrott, N; Prinssen, E; Singer, T; Theogaraj, E, 2011)	0.37
" For adult humans, simulated and observed data after both intravenous and oral dosing showed good agreement and although the data are currently limited, simulations in 1-year-olds and neonates are in reasonable agreement with published results for oral doses."	( Development of a physiologically based model for oseltamivir and simulation of pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants. Davies, B; Hoffmann, G; Koerner, A; Lave, T; Parrott, N; Prinssen, E; Singer, T; Theogaraj, E, 2011)	0.37
" Given the poor outcomes observed among adult obese patients with H1N1, the dosing of antiviral agents in this population has been questioned, and use of twice the standard oseltamivir dose has been suggested."	( Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in obese adults: dose modification for weight is not necessary. Lodise, TP; Pai, MP, 2011)	0.37
" Oseltamivir had no physiologically relevant effect on body temperature, but induced a short-lived and small dose-independent decrease in temperature in all active treatment groups at 1 hr after dosing only."	( Absence of central nervous system and hypothermic effects after single oral administration of high doses of oseltamivir in the rat. Bansod, S; Bellot, M; Breidenbach, A; Donner, B; Freichel, C; Gand, L; Gatti, S; Hoffmann, G; Körner, A; Prinssen, EP; Singer, T; Weiser, T, 2012)	0.38
" Based on these results, we recommend that oseltamivir dosage should be decreased and plasma levels of OC be monitored in patients receiving CVVHDF because of acute kidney injury."	( Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. Antignac, M; Combes, A; Corvol, E; Farinotti, R; Fernandez, C; Lemaitre, F; Luyt, CE; Nieszkowska, A; Roullet-Renoleau, F; Zahr, N, 2012)	0.38
" pastoris expressing human, mouse, and rat peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), in which uptake was examined as a function of time, concentration, potential inhibitors, and the dose-response inhibition of GlySar by oseltamivir."	( Species-dependent uptake of glycylsarcosine but not oseltamivir in Pichia pastoris expressing the rat, mouse, and human intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1. Chen, X; Hu, Y; Smith, DE, 2012)	0.38
" In humans, oral dosing after a high-fat meal resulted in a statistically significant but moderate lower exposure than after an overnight fasting."	( Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies. Belli, S; Funk, C; Heinig, K; Hoffmann, G; Lazic, SE; Otteneder, MB; Poirier, A; Portmann, R; Prinssen, E; Rayner, CR; Schuler, F; Singer, T; Smith, DE, 2012)	0.38
" Urine was collected throughout the 12-hour dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eyler, RF; Heung, M; Mueller, BA; Napolitano, LM; Park, PK; Pleva, M; Sowinski, KM, 2012)	0.38
" The median maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the 12-hour dosing interval (AUC(0-12) ) for the remaining 12 patients were 83."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eyler, RF; Heung, M; Mueller, BA; Napolitano, LM; Park, PK; Pleva, M; Sowinski, KM, 2012)	0.38
"Although the optimal pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for oseltamivir carboxylate remain unclear, in the patients receiving CVVHD with or without ECMO, a regimen of oseltamivir 150 mg every 12 hours yielded a median oseltamivir carboxylate AUC(0-12) considerably higher than would be expected in non-critically ill patients receiving the same dosage regimen."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eyler, RF; Heung, M; Mueller, BA; Napolitano, LM; Park, PK; Pleva, M; Sowinski, KM, 2012)	0.38
" Dosage adjustment for ECMO, per se, appears not to be necessary; however, doses should be reduced in patients with renal dysfunction."	( Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics in critically ill adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Harvey, C; Kidy, Z; Mulla, H; Peek, GJ; Ramaiah, R; Westrope, C, 2013)	0.39
" Dosing history, plasma drug concentrations, and demographic information were pooled from 13 clinical trials providing data for 390 healthy and infected subjects ranging in age from 1 to 78 years and given oseltamivir doses of 20 to 1,000 mg."	( Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: pediatrics through geriatrics. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Forrest, A; Kamal, MA; Rayner, CR; Reynolds, DK; Smith, PF; Subramoney, V; Van Wart, SA, 2013)	0.39
" These results provide the first demonstration of exposure-response relationships for efficacy for oseltamivir against influenza and suggest that OC exposures beyond those achieved with the approved oseltamivir dosing regimen will provide enhanced efficacy."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic determinants of oseltamivir efficacy using data from phase 2 inoculation studies. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Forrest, A; Hammel, JP; Kamal, MA; Rayner, CR; Reynolds, DK; Smith, PF; Toovey, S; Van Wart, SA, 2013)	0.39
" To sum up, dry powders formulation of liposome-encapsulated OP for inhalation was suitable for pulmonary administration, which offering the opportunity to reduce dosing frequency."	( Development and evaluation of a dry powder formulation of liposome-encapsulated oseltamivir phosphate for inhalation. Jiang, L; Liu, J; Lu, X; Tang, Y; Xi, X; Zhang, H; Zhu, J, 2015)	0.42
" Standard dosing is appropriate for obese subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics of orally administered oseltamivir in healthy obese and nonobese Thai subjects. Charunwattana, P; Day, NP; Hanpithakpong, W; Jittamala, P; Lawpoolsri, S; Lindegardh, N; Panapipat, S; Pukrittayakamee, S; Tarning, J; Taylor, WR; White, NJ, 2014)	0.4
" dosing regimens for treatment of influenza in patients with normal renal function and with various degrees of renal impairment."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate following intravenous and oral administration to patients with and without renal impairment. Brennan, BJ; Gibiansky, L; Giraudon, M; Kamal, MA; Rayner, CR; Robson, R; Subramoney, V, 2015)	0.42
"End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) are at heightened risk for influenza, but the optimal oseltamivir dosage regimen for treating or preventing influenza in this high-risk population is still uncertain."	( Investigating clinically adequate concentrations of oseltamivir carboxylate in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Clinch, B; Gibiansky, L; Kamal, MA; Lien, KY; Rayner, CR; Robson, R; Subramoney, V, 2015)	0.42
" Orally administered SA-2 effectively protected mice infected with lethal doses of H1N1 or oseltamivir-resistant strain H1N1-H275Y, conferring 70% or 50% survival at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d, reducing body weight loss, alleviating the influenza-induced acute lung injury, and reducing lung virus titer."	( Antiviral activity of SA-2 against influenza A virus in vitro/vivo and its inhibition of RNA polymerase. Dou, J; Jin, J; Li, M; Wang, D; Wang, H; Xu, J; Yu, J; Zhou, C, 2016)	0.43
"Availability of lower-dose oseltamivir capsules, an increased pharmacokinetic database, and a desire to align drug exposure across the spectrum of renal function prompted reassessment of oral dosing in patients with renal impairment."	( Identification of new oral dosing regimens for the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment. Brennan, BJ; Frey, N; Kamal, MA; Lien, YT; Morcos, PN; Rayner, CR; Subramoney, V, 2015)	0.42
" Although the dosing regimen of this drug is well established for non-pregnant patients, it is not clear if the significant physiological alterations associated with pregnancy affect the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and, thus, warrant different dosing regimens to assure efficacy."	( Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate in non-pregnant and pregnant rhesus monkeys. Basavarajappa, M; Beland, FA; Fisher, J; Gamboa da Costa, G; Loukotková, L; Lumen, A; Mattison, D; Morris, SM; Roberts, R, 2020)	0.56

Role	Description
antiviral drug	A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor	An antiviral drug targeted at influenza viruses. Its mode of action consists of blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein (EC 3.2.1.18), thus preventing the virus from budding from the host cell.
marine xenobiotic metabolite	Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in marine macro- and microorganisms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid
acetate ester	Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
amino acid	A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
primary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/651242/2006(H5N1))	IC50 (µMol)	1.4208	0.0003	0.3103	2.8247	AID1166234; AID1409417
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Wilson-Smith/1933(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	22.1275	0.0000	0.5035	10.0000	AID1071472; AID1071474; AID1071475; AID1071476; AID1071477; AID1071481; AID1071482; AID1071483; AID1125428; AID1125429; AID1125430; AID1125431; AID1166237; AID1166239; AID1308642; AID1308645; AID1308647; AID1308648; AID1308649; AID1308650; AID1308651; AID1308652; AID1352595; AID1352596; AID1352597; AID1355761; AID1355762; AID1355763; AID1355764; AID1355765; AID1355766; AID1355767; AID1355768; AID1355770; AID1360171; AID1422263; AID1551891; AID1566641; AID1604728; AID1779250; AID366284; AID366285; AID366286; AID381951; AID384920; AID648769; AID648770; AID648771; AID648772; AID714642
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/duck/Laos/25/2006(H5N1))	IC50 (µMol)	1.6300	0.0001	1.1047	6.0950	AID1355769
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0175	0.0005	0.9767	10.0000	AID1355760; AID147319; AID147320; AID147321; AID147322; AID147343; AID147346; AID1519619; AID1566640; AID1604725; AID1613121; AID1656375; AID1779251; AID1795723; AID1795758; AID1795760; AID1795761; AID1886446; AID1895906
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))	Ki	0.0100	0.0100	0.4350	0.8600	AID1545070
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/USSR/90/1977(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0067	0.0014	0.0055	0.0130	AID1166235; AID1166236; AID1166238; AID1173977
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Wilson-Smith/1933(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	0.1851	0.0004	0.1343	0.9930	AID1173978; AID1360170; AID713858; AID714639
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Memphis/1/1971(H3N2))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0039	0.0001	0.0091	0.0324	AID1565809; AID1566639; AID1604726
Neuraminidase	Influenza B virus (B/Lee/1940)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0085	0.0010	0.4028	10.0000	AID1355809; AID147323; AID147325; AID147347; AID147350; AID147351; AID1795723; AID1795758; AID1795760; AID1795761
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/udorn/1972(H3N2))	IC50 (µMol)	0.5813	0.0154	0.3622	0.5813	AID1626674
Sialidase	Clostridium perfringens	IC50 (µMol)	0.0010	0.0010	2.4572	9.8000	AID1372135
Substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0150	0.0000	2.7518	10.0000	AID366285
Histamine H1 receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	2.8247	0.0015	1.3072	10.0000	AID1409417
D(2) dopamine receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0089	0.0001	0.5494	8.4000	AID1409416
Sialidase A	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Ki	1.7700	0.1000	2.9283	9.4000	AID1802683
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/duck/Ukraine/1/1963(H3N8))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0089	0.0074	0.0082	0.0089	AID1409416
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/udorn/1972(H3N2))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0029	0.0016	0.0091	0.0229	AID714636
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	45,100.0000	0.0300	3.2043	7.8200	AID1222566
Substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0150	0.0150	0.0150	0.0150	AID366285
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/swine/Hong Kong/127/1982(H3N2))	IC50 (µMol)	0.1700	0.1700	0.1700	0.1700	AID1802998
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004(H5N1))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0007	0.0002	0.0013	0.0048	AID714644
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/1977(H4N6))	IC50 (µMol)	0.0153	0.0153	0.0190	0.0228	AID1409413
Integrase	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50 (µMol)	1.7850	0.0005	1.5443	10.0000	AID1886450; AID1910583
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
viral release from host cell	Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
monoatomic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule development	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretion	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
exo-alpha-sialidase activity	Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
peptidase activator activity	Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
plasma membrane	Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (567)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1604736	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) infected in chicken embryonated eggs assessed as protection against virus-induced chicken embryo death at 2.5 to 0.156 mM incubated with virus for 1 hr followed by inoculation a	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID581526	Cmax ratio in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1656372	Cytotoxicity against dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones and aurones as potential anti-influenza agents.
AID1886477	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1352603	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for chicken embryo fibroblasts to EC50 for influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6)	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1895961	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.039 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1222252	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1422267	Octanol-phosphate buffered saline partition coefficient, log D of compound at pH 7.4 at 1 mg after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxyl-modified oseltamivir derivatives with improved lipophilicity as neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1355760	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/PuertoRico/8/1934(H1N1)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1910584	Inhibition of Influenza virus A/Netherlands/602/2009 Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence based whole virus assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-26, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors.
AID1308647	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2) recombinant wild type neuraminidase transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measure	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1605390	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferase reporter gene assay
AID1605395	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 57 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID1125433	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) wild-type neuraminidase to IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) wild-type neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1173980	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) harboring neuraminidase H275Y mutant infected in MDCK cells assessed as virus-mediated cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter96 assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Oseltamivir hydroxamate and acyl sulfonamide derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222272	Cmax in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355767	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/chicken/china/415/2013(H9N2)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1736924	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Guangdong/674/2014 (H5N6)) group-2 Neuraminidase N6 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1519614	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/1109/2010(H1N1)) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 72 hrs by celltiterglo reagent based assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1222306	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355787	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014(H5N8) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222308	Tmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1352596	Inhibition of influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate pre-incubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1710622	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (H1N1) infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as animal survival rate at 50 mg/kg/day, iv administered for 7 days and monitored for 15 days relative to control	2020	RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 11, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of a novel peptide inhibitor against influenza neuraminidase.
AID1222243	AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355766	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014(H5N8)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1519616	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase at 100 uM using MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based assay relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1222274	Terminal half life in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1604726	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) Neuraminidase N2 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1352610	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 10 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1729978	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells as reduction in plaque formation	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1910589	Cytotoxicity against dog MDCK-II cells at 5 uM	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-26, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors.
AID581708	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1604733	Cytotoxicity against CEF after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1886489	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1222264	Tmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID147319	In vitro inhibitory activity against influenza A neuraminidase using enzymatic assay	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-04, Volume: 9, Issue:19	Stereospecific synthesis of a GS 4104 metabolite: determination of absolute stereochemistry and influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity.
AID1298244	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction of virus induced cytopathic effect measured by visual scoring of cytopathic effect	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 24, Issue:11	1,6-Bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracil derivatives-Novel antivirals with activity against HIV-1 and influenza H1N1 virus.
AID1886455	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation incubated for 2 hrs by plaque reduction assay
AID581729	AUC (0 to 8 hrs) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1813698	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/duck/Alberta/60/1976 (H12N5)) neuraminidase N5 using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1439167	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured at 48 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID581720	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv after 0.25 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1895964	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.625 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1071466	Antiviral activity against Oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/Berlin/55/08(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus yield after 48 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1409404	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1886488	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1813696	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)) neuraminidase N1 using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1222259	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID366290	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as maximal non-cytotoxic concentration by MTT assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID581688	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID444051	Total clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1551891	Inhibition of avian influenza A virus neuraminidase using fluorescent substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and incubated for 30 mins by fluorescence assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Discovery of novel acylhydrazone neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID648771	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/duck/Singapore/3/1997(H5N3)) neuraminidase N3	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6	Synthesis and in vitro study of novel neuraminidase inhibitors against avian influenza virus.
AID1613122	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferation assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Boronate, trifluoroborate, sulfone, sulfinate and sulfonate congeners of oseltamivir carboxylic acid: Synthesis and anti-influenza activity.
AID1895963	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 2.5 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1813699	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)) neuraminidase N1 H275Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID581710	AUC (0 to 8 hrs) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid to brain in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID581698	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1813712	Protection against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009 (H1NI)) harboring NA H275Y mutant infected in Balb/c mouse at 4.2 to 8.4 uM/kg, IV administered once daily for 7 days starting from 24 hrs prior to viral infection	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1895959	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.625 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1166238	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/chicken/shandong/S2/02(H9N2) Neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID1736920	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8)) group-1 infected in chicken embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in viral infection preincubated for 1 hrs followed by fibroblast infection and measured after 72 hrs by hem	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581709	AUC (0 to 8 hrs) ratio in brain to plasma in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1605396	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 68 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID1125429	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MU-NANA as substrate after 1 hr	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1173977	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) neuraminidase using 2-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid after 15 mins by fluorescent assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Oseltamivir hydroxamate and acyl sulfonamide derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1729973	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant to IC50 for inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) neuraminidase	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1222253	AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1071480	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H1N1	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1886453	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in chick embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect preincubated with virus for 30 mins followed by cell addition and measured after 48
AID1308642	Inhibition of oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) recombinant wild type neuraminidase transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate ad	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1360170	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) wild type neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 15 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 154	Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses.
AID1895909	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Babol/36/2005 (H3N2) neuraminidase using using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1692531	Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1409419	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 48 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1779252	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 221	Discovery of hydrazide-containing oseltamivir analogues as potent inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase.
AID1877501	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID147323	Inhibition of neuraminidase of influenza B	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:23	A new series of C3-aza carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1895917	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in chick embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect measured for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID203374	Inhibitory activity against sialidase of influenza B	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-22, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Sialidase inhibitors related to zanamivir: synthesis and biological evaluation of 4H-pyran 6-ether and ketone.
AID1604729	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for wild-type Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) Neuraminidase N1 to IC50 for Influenza A virus H5N1 Neuraminidase N1 H274Y mutant	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1736925	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8)) group-1 Neuraminidase N8 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1895922	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation incubated for 2 days by plaque reduction assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1604732	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6)) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1308649	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2) recombinant neuraminidase R292K mutant transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition meas	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID582030	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1895948	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 10 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1422263	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/2005(H5N1) neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxyl-modified oseltamivir derivatives with improved lipophilicity as neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID444058	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444053	Renal clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID715105	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1))infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as partial protection against virus-induced body weight loss at 1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1352600	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in viral cytopathic effect preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 2 days by CCK-8	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581530	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1408125	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infected in MDCK cells measured after 2 days by plaque reduction assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of hybrid derivatives as inhibitors of influenza virus PA-PB1 interaction.
AID1895958	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 2.5 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1729979	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/WSN/67/05(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells as reduction in plaque formation	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1605392	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 35 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID581529	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID714634	Terminal half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID715103	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1))infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced body weight loss at 10 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1439162	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells measured at 24 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1895960	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.156 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1222263	Cmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222303	Cmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1877502	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells infected with Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) assessed as reduction in cell viability	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID366286	Inhibition of Influenza A Jiangsu/10/2003 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1423764	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by viral infection measured after 2 to 3 days by naph
AID1222262	AUC(0 to 5 hrs) in juvenile breast-fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1710613	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N1 infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect treated 1 hr post infection and measured after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2020	RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 11, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of a novel peptide inhibitor against influenza neuraminidase.
AID1692537	Oral bioavailability in rat	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1317960	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) recombinant wild type N-terminal FLAG-tagged neuraminidase ectodomain (82 to 469 residues) transfected in Drosophila Schneider S2 cells using 4-MUNANA as substrate after 20 mins by fluorometric	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121	Kinetic, thermodynamic and structural analysis of tamiphosphor binding to neuraminidase of H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza.
AID1071472	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Sachsen/6/02(H3N2) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1071481	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/HH/1580/09(H1N1) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1626673	Inhibition of recombinant Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)) Neuraminidase N2 expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by microplate reader analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1071467	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Jena/5258/2009(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus yield after 48 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID581727	Clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1125434	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant to IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) wild-type neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222271	AUC(0 to 5 hrs) in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1692519	AUC in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, iv measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1439163	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells measured at 48 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1125430	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) wild-type neuraminidase using MU-NANA as substrate after 1 hr	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1895951	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.156 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1626689	Antiviral activity against A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) genes expressing anamivir/oseltamivir resistant Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)) harboring Neuraminidase N2 E119V/I222L double mutant infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in viral replica	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID713858	Inhibition of wild type Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition by fluorescence assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID713882	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933/H275Y(H1N1) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced mortality at 0.1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infection at 4 hrs post first do	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1519613	Cytotoxicity against dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by celltiterglo reagent based assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID581677	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1613121	Inhibition of influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) neuraminidase using MUNANA as fluorogenic substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 15 mins by fluorometric assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Boronate, trifluoroborate, sulfone, sulfinate and sulfonate congeners of oseltamivir carboxylic acid: Synthesis and anti-influenza activity.
AID444056	Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1886456	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID1355763	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222235	AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222251	Tmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1308648	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2) recombinant neuraminidase E119A mutant transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition meas	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1071483	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Jena/5258/2009(H1N1) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID581697	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1409422	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 48 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID147320	Inhibition of neuraminidase of influenza A	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:23	A new series of C3-aza carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1626690	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9)) expressing A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) genes infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in viral replication after 72 hrs by hemagglutination test	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1519615	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 72 hrs by celltiterglo reagent based assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1895923	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Wisconsin/67/05 (H3N2) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation incubated for 2 days by plaque reduction assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1895907	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) neuraminidase using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured afte	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1545071	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) Neuraminidase N1 at pH 6.15 using 4-MUNANA substrate incubated for 20 mins by fluorometric assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza A viruses H1N1 and H5N1.
AID714640	Inhibition of Influenza B virus B/Taiwan/70641/2004 neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition by fluorescence assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1877506	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against MDCK cells infected with Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) to IC50 for antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) infected in MDCK cells	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID366289	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 to MDCK cells to IC50 to Influenza A Jinan/15/90 H3N2 virus	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1222260	Cmax in juvenile breast-fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID715104	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1)) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as partial protection against virus-induced mortality at 1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1895892	Cytotoxicity against chick embryo fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1222286	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT1 incubated for 30s to 15 mins by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1813703	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (Avian A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1)) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus replication incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID581713	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 1000 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID582041	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells over expressing human MRP2 assessed per mg of protein per min	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID384920	Inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	QSAR study of neuraminidase inhibitors based on heuristic method and radial basis function network.
AID1439169	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/916/34(H1N1) neuraminidase activity preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by fluorimetric method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1423782	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) infected in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in viral titer at 30 nM at 72 hrs post infection by naphthalene black dye based plaque assay
AID581675	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222265	AUC(0 to 5 hrs) in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID581721	Cmax ratio in brain to plasma in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1692530	AUC in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1423765	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
AID1352608	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 0.15625 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1605393	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 42 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID366288	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus Jinan/15/90 H3N2 assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathic effect	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1656374	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for dog MDCK cells to EC50 for Influenza A virus (H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones and aurones as potential anti-influenza agents.
AID1895954	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.625 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID581683	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222310	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID715107	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1))infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced body weight loss at 0.1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1604734	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for CEF to EC50 for Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) infected in CEF	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1222283	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells at pH 6 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID444052	Hepatic clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1605386	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs by PR8-PB2 Gaussia luciferase reporter gene assay
AID1071469	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1222288	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT1 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis in presence of KH and Hanks' balanced salt solution	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID581701	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID581690	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1895950	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.625 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1423777	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 at MOI of 10'1 to 10'3 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 30 nM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by viral infection me
AID1298255	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as cell viability measured after 4 days by formazan-based MTS assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 24, Issue:11	1,6-Bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracil derivatives-Novel antivirals with activity against HIV-1 and influenza H1N1 virus.
AID1729975	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) infected in CEF cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect by CCK8 assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID581528	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1895966	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.039 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1895919	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against CEF cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in chick embryo fibroblast	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID581676	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID581724	AUC ratio in brain to plasma in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222267	Tmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222279	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells at 5 to 100 uM after 10 mins by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1409414	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1) neuraminidase N1 using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1831374	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/1-8/1968(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo viability assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 52	Identification of novel influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitors using virtual screening approach and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of active compounds.
AID1831373	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico 8/1934 (H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo viability assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 52	Identification of novel influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitors using virtual screening approach and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of active compounds.
AID1222307	Cmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1879141	Inhibition of Influenza A virus H5N1 Neuraminidase	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 61	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-triazole-3-acetamide derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1409420	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 48 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1895924	Cytotoxicity against dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID147351	inhibitory concentration required to inhibit neuraminidase enzyme from different strains of influenza B virus.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-21, Volume: 43, Issue:19	BCX-1812 (RWJ-270201): discovery of a novel, highly potent, orally active, and selective influenza neuraminidase inhibitor through structure-based drug design.
AID1222282	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT1 at pH 5 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222234	Apparent oral clearance in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1886478	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1222268	AUC(0 to 5 hrs) in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID581700	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1439165	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells measured at 48 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1423774	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant influenza A virus A/North Carolina/29/2009(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed
AID1736923	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hebei/LZF/ 2014(H5N2)) group-2 Neuraminidase N2 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1895906	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) neuraminidase using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fl	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1692507	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009 (H1N1-H274Y)) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID147350	Inhibitory activity against influenza neuraminidase (Influenza B/Lee/40)	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-05, Volume: 9, Issue:13	Synthesis and evaluation of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1439164	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells measured at 24 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID581531	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222261	Tmax in juvenile breast-fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID203363	Inhibitory activity against sialidase of influenza A	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-22, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Sialidase inhibitors related to zanamivir: synthesis and biological evaluation of 4H-pyran 6-ether and ketone.
AID1813705	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)) harboring NA E119V mutant infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus replication incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1308645	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) recombinant neuraminidase H275Y mutant transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured aft	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1613123	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferation assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Boronate, trifluoroborate, sulfone, sulfinate and sulfonate congeners of oseltamivir carboxylic acid: Synthesis and anti-influenza activity.
AID1422262	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/2005(H5N1) neuraminidase at 10 uM using MUNANA as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxyl-modified oseltamivir derivatives with improved lipophilicity as neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID147489	Inhibitory concentration of compound against influenza viral coat protein neuraminidase; Range is 0.01-2.2 nM	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-18, Volume: 46, Issue:26	Investigation of neuraminidase-substrate recognition using molecular dynamics and free energy calculations.
AID1779254	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/09(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in viral titer incubated for 2 days by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 221	Discovery of hydrazide-containing oseltamivir analogues as potent inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase.
AID1222289	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT2 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355761	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1736918	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hebei/LZF/ 2014(H5N2)) group-2 infected in chicken embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in viral infection preincubated for 1 hrs followed by fibroblast infection and measured after 72 hrs by hema	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1423772	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant Influenza A virus (A/Washington/29/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed b
AID1692534	Oral bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1352597	Inhibition of influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) neuraminidase H274Y mutant using 4-MU-NANA as substrate pre-incubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1308644	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter 96 AQueous Non-Radioactive cell proliferation assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1355764	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1308651	Inhibition of oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004(H5N1) recombinant neuraminidase H275Y mutant transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1222270	Tmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222284	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT1 at pH 6 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1166235	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/duck/china/1206/2012(H5N1) Neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID147321	Inhibition of influenza A viral enzyme neuraminidase	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Fragment-based drug discovery.
AID1409415	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2) neuraminidase N2 using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1736926	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1)) group-1 Neuraminidase N1 H274Y mutant preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1886454	Cytotoxicity against chick embryo fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
AID1729980	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1166237	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/chicken/china/415/2013(H9N2) Neuraminidase N2	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID581679	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1736927	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) pdm09 Neuraminidase N1 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1886479	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1729976	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) infected in CEF cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect by CCK8 assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1355794	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in plaque formation after 2 days by toluidine blue staining-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID714644	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1)) neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prio	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1222299	Cmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1813702	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus replication incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID581674	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1566639	Inhibition of influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) Neuraminidase N2 in using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based assay
AID366285	Inhibition of Influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1222238	Renal clearance in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID581703	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1895955	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.156 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1409417	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) neuraminidase N1 H274Y mutant using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1352614	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 0.0390625 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222311	Cmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1569115	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus WU95 expressing Influenza A virus (A/Netherlands/178/1995(H3N2)) H3 hemagglutinin infected in MDCK2 cells at 20 nM preincubated with virus for 4 hrs followed by cell infection and measured after 2 hrs by DAPI s	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-11, Volume: 62, Issue:13	Enhanced Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Adhesion by Di- and Trivalent Hemagglutinin Inhibitors.
AID1895967	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as survival rate of mouse at 30 mg/kg, po administered for once a day for 5 days and observed within 10 days (Rvb=10%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID366284	Inhibition of Influenza A Jinan/15/90 H3N2 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1545070	Inhibition of influenza A virus chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Thailand/CU-K2-2004 Neuraminidase N1 at pH 7.4 by DIANA assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza A viruses H1N1 and H5N1.
AID1166234	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) Neuraminidase N1	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID1409427	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 72 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID392528	Antiviral activity against influenza H2N2 virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID1440171	Oral bioavailability in human	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 127	Prodrug approach: An overview of recent cases.
AID1423770	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant Influenza A virus A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins follo
AID1355784	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID581686	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID581689	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1886450	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) Neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID1360174	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter96 aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferation assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 154	Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses.
AID1355789	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant to IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) neuraminidase	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1895956	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.039 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1519617	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase at 10 uM using MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based assay relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1886487	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID648770	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/duck/Alberta/35/1976(H1N1)) neuraminidase N1	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6	Synthesis and in vitro study of novel neuraminidase inhibitors against avian influenza virus.
AID1222239	Cmax in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1409426	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 72 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1589057	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity in MDCK cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 29, Issue:18	5-Chloro-2-thiophenyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethyldihydroquinolines as dual inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus: Synthesis and evaluation.
AID1352609	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 0.0390625 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1886483	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1782692	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect preincubated with cells for 1 hrs followed by viral addition and measured after 24 hrs by Reed-Muench method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220	Phenoxazine nucleoside derivatives with a multiple activity against RNA and DNA viruses.
AID1352595	Inhibition of influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate pre-incubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581687	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1566640	Inhibition of influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) Neuraminidase N1 by using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based assay
AID1901889	Inhibition of Influenza A virus H5N1 neuraminidase H274Y mutant	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 57	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581684	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1605398	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 114 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia lucifera
AID1298254	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathic effect measured after 4 days by formazan-based MTS assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 24, Issue:11	1,6-Bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracil derivatives-Novel antivirals with activity against HIV-1 and influenza H1N1 virus.
AID1877504	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID1125432	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant to IC50 for Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) wild-type neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581702	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID581681	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1566646	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) infected in CEF cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
AID581696	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1886452	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in chick embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect preincubated with virus for 30 mins followed by cell addition and measured after 48
AID1222280	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells expressing human PEPT1 at 5 to 100 uM after 10 mins by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1877503	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against MDCK cells infected with Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) to IC50 for antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) infected in MDCK cells	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID648769	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Teal/Hong Kong/W312/97(H6N1)) neuraminidase N1	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6	Synthesis and in vitro study of novel neuraminidase inhibitors against avian influenza virus.
AID1439166	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured at 24 hrs post dose	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1895918	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in chick embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect measured for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1736917	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) group-1 infected in chicken embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in viral infection preincubated for 1 hrs followed by fibroblast infection and measured after 72 hrs by hem	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222298	Inhibition of human PEPT1 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as Gly-Sar uptake at 0.3 to 10 mM after 10 mins by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222249	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1886492	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1831375	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 analysis	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 52	Identification of novel influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitors using virtual screening approach and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of active compounds.
AID1423773	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant Influenza A virus (A/Texas/04/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by vir
AID1692533	Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1409416	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014(H5N8) neuraminidase N8 using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1360172	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing wild type neuraminidase assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter96 aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferation	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 154	Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses.
AID612398	Octanol-water distribution coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 at 100 ug/mL	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Intramolecular ion-pair prodrugs of zanamivir and guanidino-oseltamivir.
AID1886490	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1409407	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014(H5N8) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID147314	Fold resistance of R292K to compound against neuraminidase in a MUNANA-based enzyme inhibition assay, expressed as the ratio of IC50 of comp. with variant N9 to that of with wild-type N9	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Structural studies of the resistance of influenza virus neuramindase to inhibitors.
AID1886482	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1692506	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1-H274Y)) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1813717	Protection against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009 (H1NI)) harboring NA H275Y mutant infected in Balb/c mouse at 8.4 uM/kg, IV administered once daily for 7 days starting from 24 hrs post to viral infection	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1423771	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by
AID1895914	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) Neuraminidase H274Y mutant using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured aft	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1877505	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells infected with Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) assessed as reduction in cell viability	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 55	Novel O-acylated amidoximes and substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesised from (+)-ketopinic acid possessing potent virus-inhibiting activity against phylogenetically distinct influenza A viruses.
AID1813697	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)) neuraminidase N2 using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1408126	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of hybrid derivatives as inhibitors of influenza virus PA-PB1 interaction.
AID1439168	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/916/34(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as plaque reduction after 10 hrs by naphthol-blue-black staining based assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Design, in silico studies, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of neuraminidase from influenza A virus H1N1.
AID1355768	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID714636	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Udorn/1972(H3N2) neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition by fluorescence assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1355809	Inhibition of Influenza B virus neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222309	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1779253	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)) Neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 221	Discovery of hydrazide-containing oseltamivir analogues as potent inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase.
AID1423778	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 at MOI of 10'4 to 10'6 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 30 nM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by viral infection me
AID392529	Antiviral activity against influenza H3N2 virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID1222241	Terminal half life in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1166239	Inhibition of Influenza A virus H5N1 Neuraminidase H274Y mutant	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID1222269	Cmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1308652	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Shanghai/01/2014(H7N9) recombinant wild type neuraminidase transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measure	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID715108	Octanol-water partition coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 at 1 mg after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1372135	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringenes neuraminidase activity using 4-methylumbelliferyl-1-alpha-D-N-acetylneuramic acid sodium salt hydrate as substrate by fluorescence based assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 27, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oseltamivir derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1360173	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing neuraminidase H275Y mutant assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter96 aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferat	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 154	Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses.
AID1222248	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1604725	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) Neuraminidase N1 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID147312	Fold resistance of E119G to compound against neuraminidase in a MUNANA-based enzyme inhibition assay, expressed as the ratio of IC50 of comp. with variant N9 to that of with wild-type N9	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Structural studies of the resistance of influenza virus neuramindase to inhibitors.
AID1886481	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID392527	Antiviral activity against influenza H1N1 virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID1656373	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in log2HA titer incubated for 3 to 4 days by CPE assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones and aurones as potential anti-influenza agents.
AID1409425	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 72 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1779251	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 221	Discovery of hydrazide-containing oseltamivir analogues as potent inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase.
AID1222266	Cmax in juvenile fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1886485	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1566645	Inhibition of influenza B virus (B/PHUKET/3073/2013)) Neuraminidase in using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based assay
AID1901888	Inhibition of Influenza A virus H5N1 neuraminidase	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 57	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1886473	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as intrinsic clearance preincubated for 10 mins followed by NADPH addition for 2 hrs and measured upto 60 mins by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AID1692525	Bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, iv measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID581722	Cmax ratio in brain to plasma in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1604738	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/China/415/2013 (H9N2)) infected in chicken embryonated eggs assessed as chicken embryo survival at 10 to 0.625 mM incubated with virus for 1 hr followed by inoculation and measured after 72 hrs relat	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1729968	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1222275	AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222305	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID648772	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/duck/Germany/1215/1973(H2N3)) neuraminidase N3	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6	Synthesis and in vitro study of novel neuraminidase inhibitors against avian influenza virus.
AID581699	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID147472	In vitro inhibitory activity against influenza B neuraminidase using enzymatic assay	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-04, Volume: 9, Issue:19	Stereospecific synthesis of a GS 4104 metabolite: determination of absolute stereochemistry and influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity.
AID1355762	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Babol/36/2005(H3N2)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1729971	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/UR/2014(H5N2)) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1886447	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID1409423	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.039 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 48 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1071482	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Jena/5555/09(H1N1) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID714642	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Taiwan/3446/2002(H3N2) neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition by fluorescence assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1222285	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells incubated for 30s to 15 mins by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1886484	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1626674	Inhibition of zanamivir/oseltamivir resistant recombinant Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)) Neuraminidase N2 E119V/I222L double mutant expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1895952	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 10 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1409406	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID581728	Volume of distribution at steady state in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1692527	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1071470	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Jena/5258/2009(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID581719	Cmax in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv after 0.25 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1352601	Cytotoxicity against chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cell viability after 2 days by CCK-8 assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1308643	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter 96 AQueous Non-Radioactive cell proliferation assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1813700	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)) neuraminidase N2 E119V variant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID581694	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID147346	inhibitory concentration required to inhibit neuraminidase enzyme from different strains of influenza A virus	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-21, Volume: 43, Issue:19	BCX-1812 (RWJ-270201): discovery of a novel, highly potent, orally active, and selective influenza neuraminidase inhibitor through structure-based drug design.
AID1886472	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as half-life preincubated for 10 mins followed by NADPH addition for 2 hrs and measured upto 60 mins by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AID581723	AUC ratio in brain to plasma in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1409410	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)) infected in MDCK cells after 2 days by plaque reduction assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1662711	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 30, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-nitro-1,2,4-triazoloazines containing polyphenol fragments possessing antioxidant and antiviral activity.
AID1360171	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) neuraminidase H275Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 15 mins by fluorescence assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 154	Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses.
AID581685	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1422261	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/2005(H5N1) neuraminidase at 1 uM using MUNANA as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxyl-modified oseltamivir derivatives with improved lipophilicity as neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1566641	Inhibition of influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) Neuraminidase N1 H274Y mutant in using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based assay
AID1895953	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 2.5 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID581678	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1662710	Inhibition of M2 proton channel in Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 30, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-nitro-1,2,4-triazoloazines containing polyphenol fragments possessing antioxidant and antiviral activity.
AID1352599	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in viral cytopathic effect preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 2 days by CCK-8	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222302	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1886491	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 48 hrs relative to control
AID1910587	Inhibition of Influenza virus A/Netherlands/602/2009 hemagglutinin assessed as reduction of virus-LAMP1 binding by biolayer interferometry	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-26, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors.
AID1222566	Binding affinity to human OAT1	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 40, Issue:7	Species-dependent uptake of glycylsarcosine but not oseltamivir in Pichia pastoris expressing the rat, mouse, and human intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1.
AID1813701	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus replication incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1729977	Cytotoxicity against CEF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by CCK8 assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1605389	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1)) infected in human A549 cells assessed as decrease in viral titer at 20 uM by standard plaque assay
AID1409421	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.625 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 48 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1222255	Cmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID581692	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID714639	Inhibition of oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933/H275Y(H1N1) neuraminidase in virus-infected allantoic fluid using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrate incubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition by	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1222237	Drug excretion in healthy human urine assessed as unchanged drug level at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1125428	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/04/2009(H1N1)) wild-type neuraminidase using MU-NANA as substrate after 1 hr	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1895965	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.156 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1626676	Inhibition of zanamivir/oseltamivir resistant recombinant Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9)) Neuraminidase N9 R294K mutant expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1352611	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 2.5 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1910585	Antiviral activity against Influenza virus A/Netherlands/602/2009 infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of viral cytopathic effect measured after 4 days by microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-26, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors.
AID392525	Antiviral activity against influenza B virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID1355770	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Babol/36/2005(H3N2)) neuraminidase E119V mutant activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1173979	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as virus-mediated cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CellTiter96 assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Oseltamivir hydroxamate and acyl sulfonamide derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1656376	Competitive inhibition of Influenza A virus (H1N1) neuraminidase by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones and aurones as potential anti-influenza agents.
AID1565809	Inhibition of influenza A virus H3N2 clinical isolate neuraminidase using NA-Fluor MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Novel N-Substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, ADME prediction and molecular docking studies.
AID1692503	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate at 100 uM preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1355765	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6)) neuraminidase activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1355795	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222245	Drug excretion in healthy human urine assessed as unchanged drug level at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1895957	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 10 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1520153	Inhibition of clostridium neuraminidase using fluorescent substrate preincubated for 2 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader analysis	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-12, Volume: 10, Issue:12	Discovery of Novel Neuraminidase Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Structural Optimization, and Bioassay.
AID1895920	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against CEF cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in chick embryo fibroblast	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1910583	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/09/2013(HIN1)) recombinant Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence based assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-26, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors.
AID1886448	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID581704	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222300	Tmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1692504	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID444050	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID581691	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1736928	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Babo1/36/2005 (H3N2)) Neuraminidase N2 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1662069	Inhibition of clostridium perfringens neuraminidase using fluorescent substrate preincubated for 2 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 hr by fluorescence based microplate reader analysis	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-10, Volume: 11, Issue:9	Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID147317	Inhibitory activity against influenza neuraminidase (Influenza A / PR (H1N1)	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-05, Volume: 9, Issue:13	Synthesis and evaluation of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1729967	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1352613	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 0.15625 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1071475	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Berlin/10/04(H3N2) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1071476	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Hong Kong/68(H3N2) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1692502	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate at 10 uM preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1604727	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6)) Neuraminidase N6 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID581707	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1886457	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/WSN/67/05 (H3N2) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation incubated for 2 hrs by plaque reduction assay
AID714635	Oral bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID581695	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID582039	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells over expressing human BCRP1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1886475	Metabolic stability in human liver assessed as parent compound remaining preincubated for 10 mins followed by NADPH addition for 2 hrs and measured at 60 mins by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AID1656375	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (H1N1) neuraminidase	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones and aurones as potential anti-influenza agents.
AID1409405	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1409418	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/California/04/2009 neuraminidase N1 using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1222565	Protein binding in human treated with oseltamivir at 50 to 500 mg, po bid	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 40, Issue:7	Species-dependent uptake of glycylsarcosine but not oseltamivir in Pichia pastoris expressing the rat, mouse, and human intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1.
AID1519619	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase using MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based assay relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1222281	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells at pH 5 by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1782694	Cytotoxicity in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 3 days by beckman coulter counting method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220	Phenoxazine nucleoside derivatives with a multiple activity against RNA and DNA viruses.
AID1409409	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells after 2 days by plaque reduction assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1886480	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) assessed as survival rate at 0.156 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1692532	Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1566647	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) infected in CEF cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
AID1886486	Toxicity in chicken embryo infected with Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mM preincubated for 1 hrs followed by infection with embryo and measured at 24 hrs relative to control
AID1736922	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) group-1 Neuraminidase N1 preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222240	Tmax in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1409424	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 72 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1423775	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-sensitive/amantadine-resistant Influenza A virus (A/Denmark/528/2009(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells expressing ST6Gal-1 assessed as reduction in plaque formation at 10 uM pretreated with virus for 30 mins followed by
AID1071473	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H3N2	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1222256	Tmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1662712	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for MDCK cells to IC50 for M2 proton channel in Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) ) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 30, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-nitro-1,2,4-triazoloazines containing polyphenol fragments possessing antioxidant and antiviral activity.
AID147343	Inhibitory activity against influenza A neuraminidase from influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1).	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationship studies of novel carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID582040	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells over expressing human MRP1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1409428	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus H5N2 infected in specific pathogen free embryonated egg assessed as survival rate at 0.039 mM preincubated for 1 hr prior to inoculation measured after 72 hrs (Rvb = 0%)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1355769	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant activity using 4-MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 to 60 mins by chemiluminescence assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222246	Renal clearance in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1222258	AUC(0 to 24 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1895913	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)) neuraminidase H275Y mutant using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and meas	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1565808	Inhibition of influenza A virus H3N2 clinical isolate neuraminidase at 1 nM using NA-Fluor MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 20 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 60 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182	Novel N-Substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, ADME prediction and molecular docking studies.
AID1886449	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2) neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID1222247	Tmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1071471	Potency index, ratio of Zanamivir IC50 to compound IC50 for neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Hong Kong/68(H3N2)	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID715102	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1))infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced mortality at 10 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infecti	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1071474	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A virus A/Rheinland-Pfalz/3911/03(H3N2) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1605394	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 49 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID1352602	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for chicken embryo fibroblasts to EC50 for influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1)	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1222257	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as 125 mM aqueous Gly-Sar solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1409413	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) neuraminidase N6 using fluorogenic MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 to 60 mins by fluorescence-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1222301	AUC(0 to 6 hrs) in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as water solution by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1736921	Cytotoxicity against chicken embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1519618	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase at 1 uM using MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based assay relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A.
AID1409408	Cytotoxicity against chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1071477	Inhibition of neuraminidase H274Y mutant in Oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/Berlin/55/08(H1N1) using Na-star as substrate preincubated for 10 to 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 to 30 mins by chemiluminescence-based assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID715106	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/reassortant/NIBRG-14(Viet Nam/1194/2004 x Puerto Rico/8/1934)(H5N1)) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced mortality at 0.1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infec	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1566648	Cytotoxicity against chicken CEF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
AID444054	Oral bioavailability in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1222244	AUC(0 to infinity) in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1605397	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as combination index at 83 nM incubated for 1 hr and measured after 36 hrs in presence of 156 nM Oseltamivir carboxylate by PR8-NS1 Gaussia luciferas
AID1317961	Binding affinity to Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) recombinant wild type N-terminal FLAG-tagged neuraminidase catalytic domain transfected in Drosophila Schneider S2 cells at 76 to 93 uM by isothermal titration calorimetric method	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121	Kinetic, thermodynamic and structural analysis of tamiphosphor binding to neuraminidase of H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza.
AID581693	Terminal half life in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma assessed as active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate level at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1604731	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID444055	Fraction absorbed in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID713883	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933/H275Y(H1N1) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced body weight loss at 0.1 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infection at 4 hrs post f	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID581711	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1000 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1589054	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus titer using cells pre-treated with compound followed by virus infection for 24 hrs by hemagglutination test	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 29, Issue:18	5-Chloro-2-thiophenyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethyldihydroquinolines as dual inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus: Synthesis and evaluation.
AID1895962	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 10 mM measured for 48 hrs (Rvb=0%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1355793	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in plaque formation after 2 days by toluidine blue staining-based assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID147322	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza A	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11	Carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a C3-cyclic amine side chain: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1626675	Inhibition of recombinant Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9)) Neuraminidase N9 expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by microplate reader analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1222250	Cmax in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1545068	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) Neuraminidase N1 at pH 7.4 by DIANA assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza A viruses H1N1 and H5N1.
AID1352612	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 0.625 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581682	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 30 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1729972	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1604728	Inhibition of Influenza A virus H5N1 Neuraminidase N1 H274Y mutant preincubated for 10 mins followed by MUNANA substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID147325	Inhibition of neuraminidase in Influenza B	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11	Carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a C3-cyclic amine side chain: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1166242	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Influenza A virus H5N1 Neuraminidase H274Y mutant to IC50 for wild type Influenza A virus H5N1	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID1895936	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 0.039 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID581680	Terminal half life in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat brain at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID366287	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells by MTT assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID581712	Ratio of AUC (0 to infinity) after iv dose to AUC (0 to 8 hrs) after po dose in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat cerebrospinal fluid at 1000 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID444057	Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1886446	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID1705069	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase by DNA-linked inhibitor antibody assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 208	Unraveling the anti-influenza effect of flavonoids: Experimental validation of luteolin and its congeners as potent influenza endonuclease inhibitors.
AID1409412	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1222236	AUC(0 to infinity) in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355785	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1895908	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014 (H5N8) neuraminidase using using 2(4-methylurnbellifery1)-a-u-acetyl neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (4-MUNANA) as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1626688	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)) expressing A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) genes infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in viral replication after 72 hrs by hemagglutination test	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1173978	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) neuraminidase H275Y mutant using 2-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid after 15 mins by fluorescent assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Oseltamivir hydroxamate and acyl sulfonamide derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1409411	Antiviral activity against Influenza B virus (B/Lee/40) infected in MDCK cells after 3 days by plaque reduction assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant.
AID1886474	Metabolic stability in human liver assessed as intrinsic clearance preincubated for 10 mins followed by NADPH addition for 2 hrs and measured upto 60 mins by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AID1895949	Anti-influenza virus activity against Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013 (H5N1) infected in SPF-chicken embryonated egg assessed as survival rate of embryonated egg at 2.5 mM measured for 24 hrs (Rvb=80%)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	Identification of C5-NH
AID1222254	AUC(0 to infinity) in adult fed Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID713880	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933/H275Y(H1N1) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced body weight loss at 10 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infection at 4 hrs post fi	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID581706	Cmax in perfused Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1000 mg/kg, po	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1222304	Tmax in adult fasted Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, po administered as solution in bovine milk by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1355783	Cytotoxicity against chicken embryo fibroblasts after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID1222242	Apparent oral clearance in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fed conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1729969	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Babol/36/2005 (H3N2)) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1626692	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1729970	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 to 60 mins by fluorescence assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of highly potent and selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity.
AID1886451	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) Neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins by fluorescence based microplate reader method
AID1692505	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Babol/36/2005 (H3N2)) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1626691	Antiviral activity against A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) genes expressing anamivir/oseltamivir resistant Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9)) harboring Neuraminidase N9 R294K mutant infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in viral replication after	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1222273	Tmax in healthy human at 150 mg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry under fasting conditions	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1736919	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Guangdong/674/2014 (H5N6)) group-2 infected in chicken embryo fibroblast assessed as reduction in viral infection preincubated for 1 hrs followed by fibroblast infection and measured after 72 hrs by hem	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 191	Discovery of novel "Dual-site" binding oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID713881	Antiviral activity against oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/WSN/1933/H275Y(H1N1) infected n BALB/c mouse assessed as protection against virus-induced mortality at 1 to 10 mg/kg/day, po bid for 5 days followed by viral infection at 4 hrs post firs	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents.
AID1604735	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hebei/LZF/2014(H5N2)) infected in chicken embryonated eggs assessed as chicken embryo survival at 10 mM incubated with virus for 1 hr followed by inoculation and measured after 72 hrs relative to con	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID1308650	Inhibition of oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004(H5N1) recombinant wild type neuraminidase transfected in HEK293 cells using MUNANA as substrate assessed as release of 4-methylumbelliferone preincubated for 10 mins followed by sub	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 59, Issue:11	Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
AID1355786	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/duck/Guangdong/674/2014(H5N6) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cytopathic effect after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Group-1 and -2 Influenza A Neuraminidases, Including a Drug-Resistant Variant.
AID582042	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells over expressing human MRP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID1071468	Antiviral activity against Oseltamivir-resistant Influenza A virus A/Berlin/55/08(H1N1) infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 48 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3	Development of novel potent orally bioavailable oseltamivir derivatives active against resistant influenza A.
AID1604730	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1)) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the 430-cavity.
AID381951	Inhibition of Influenza A virus neuraminidase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, inhibitory activity, and SAR studies of hydrophobic p-aminosalicylic acid derivatives as neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID581515	Ratio of drug level in brain to plasma in non-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system.
AID147347	Inhibitory activity against influenza B neuraminidase from influenza virus neuraminidase B/Lee/40.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationship studies of novel carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1813704	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009 (H1NI)) harboring NA H275Y mutant infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus replication incubated for 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Zanamivir-Cholesterol Conjugate: A Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor with Potent Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses.
AID1708993	Inhibition of Influenza virus H5N1 neuraminidase	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 37	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dihydrofurocoumarin derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1589055	Cytotoxicity in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 29, Issue:18	5-Chloro-2-thiophenyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethyldihydroquinolines as dual inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus: Synthesis and evaluation.
AID1222287	Drug uptake in CHOK1 cells by HPLC coupled with radiodetection analysis in presence of KH and Hanks' balanced salt solution	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8	Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AID1352605	Antiviral activity against influenza A virus chicken/china/1220/2012(H5N1) infected in chicken embryo fibroblasts assessed as effect on embryo survival at 10 mmol/L preincubated with virus for 1 hr followed by viral infection measured after 72 days	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Discovery of C-1 modified oseltamivir derivatives as potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1692523	Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, iv measured for 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200	Discovery of a non-zwitterionic oseltamivir analogue as a potent influenza a neuraminidase inhibitor.
AID1779250	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) Neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 221	Discovery of hydrazide-containing oseltamivir analogues as potent inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase.
AID1125431	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)) neuraminidase H274Y mutant using MU-NANA as substrate after 1 hr	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	Oseltamivir analogues bearing N-substituted guanidines as potent neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1166236	Inhibition of Influenza A virus A/duck/china/QJ/01(H5N1) Neuraminidase	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20	Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of H5N1 influenza neuraminidase.
AID1408127	Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of hybrid derivatives as inhibitors of influenza virus PA-PB1 interaction.
AID1710612	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect treated 1 hr post infection and measured after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2020	RSC medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 11, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of a novel peptide inhibitor against influenza neuraminidase.
AID1795723	Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm980162u: \\Structure-activity relationship studies of novel carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.\\	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationship studies of novel carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID1795758	Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00587-3: \\A new series of C3-aza carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity.\\	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:23	A new series of C3-aza carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1795761	Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00214-6: \\Carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a C3-cyclic amine side chain: synthesis and inhibitory activity.\\	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11	Carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a C3-cyclic amine side chain: synthesis and inhibitory activity.
AID1802683	Sialidase Assay from Article 10.1186/1471-2091-13-19: \\Optimization of a direct spectrophotometric method to investigate the kinetics and inhibition of sialidases.\\	2012	BMC biochemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 13	Optimization of a direct spectrophotometric method to investigate the kinetics and inhibition of sialidases.
AID1795760	Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00479-5: \\Stereospecific synthesis of a GS 4104 metabolite: determination of absolute stereochemistry and influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity.\\	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-04, Volume: 9, Issue:19	Stereospecific synthesis of a GS 4104 metabolite: determination of absolute stereochemistry and influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity.
AID1802998	NA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.3109/14756366.2010.534732: \\Design, synthesis, and biological activity of thiazole derivatives as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.\\	2011	Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of thiazole derivatives as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	6 (3.16)	18.2507
2000's	27 (14.21)	29.6817
2010's	127 (66.84)	24.3611
2020's	30 (15.79)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	16 (8.42%)	5.53%
Reviews	7 (3.68%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.53%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	166 (87.37%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.11	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.15	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
indole [no description available]	3.12	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.08	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydroxyflavan
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.45	2	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.82	3	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
abt 702 [no description available]	3.12	1	0	bipyridines
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.74	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.12	1	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.74	3	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.74	3	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.74	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	3.67	9	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	4.31	1	1	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.74	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.74	3	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.45	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.74	3	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
betaxolol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.45	2	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.74	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.45	2	0	benzamides
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
busulfan [no description available]	2.74	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	3.15	5	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.04	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.74	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.74	3	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.74	3	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cifenline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	5.25	4	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.98	4	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.74	3	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)butyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide CL82198: a selective inhibitor of MMP13	3.12	1	0	benzofurans
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.45	2	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
dapsone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.74	3	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.04	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.74	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.84	10	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.05	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.45	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.74	3	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	2.45	2	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.45	2	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.45	2	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.04	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.74	3	0	phenols
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.04	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.45	2	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.45	2	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.74	3	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.74	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.74	3	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.74	3	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.45	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.96	4	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.74	3	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.74	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.25	1	0
granisetron [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.74	3	0	acetamides
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.08	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.45	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.74	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.45	2	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.49	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.04	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.45	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.74	3	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.04	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.74	3	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.25	1	0
letrozole [no description available]	2.74	3	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.74	3	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.74	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.04	1	0	anthracenes
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.08	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.74	3	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.04	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.45	2	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.74	3	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.97	4	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
milrinone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.74	3	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.45	2	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.16	5	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.74	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.45	2	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nizatidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.74	3	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.74	3	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.74	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.45	2	0	carbazoles
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.12	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.74	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	oxopurine
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.45	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.04	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.74	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.74	3	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	5.25	4	1	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.45	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.68	8	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.74	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyridostigmine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aralkylamine
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.13	4	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	2.45	2	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.74	3	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
imatinib [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.74	3	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.31	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.05	1	0
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.74	3	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.74	3	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.46	2	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.74	3	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.74	3	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.74	3	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
temozolomide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.74	3	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.74	3	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.04	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.45	2	0	aziridines
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.74	3	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.74	3	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.74	3	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.04	1	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.45	2	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.74	3	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.74	3	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	2.45	2	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperazines
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.74	3	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.74	3	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.74	3	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.74	3	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.74	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.74	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.04	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.04	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.04	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
ethopabate Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.	2.04	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.45	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.11	1	0	lactose
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.45	2	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.45	2	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.	2.06	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; naphthols	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	2.74	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.04	1	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
4-phenylphenol 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.	3.12	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
benzanilide [no description available]	3.12	1	0
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.56	1	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.04	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.45	2	0	bromide salt
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.25	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.04	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.01	4	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
propantheline bromide [no description available]	3.12	4	0	xanthenes
calcium gluconate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.04	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.45	2	0	nitrile
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.45	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.04	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.39	1	1	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
1,4-benzodioxan 1,4-benzodioxan: structure in first source	3.12	1	0
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.04	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
n-hydroxyphthalimide N-hydroxyphthalimide: causes contact dermititis	2.05	1	0
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.45	2	0	thiazoles
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.31	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.04	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.74	3	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	3.12	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.74	3	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.77	3	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.74	3	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.04	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.74	3	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.74	3	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
streptomycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
acetylpyruvic acid acetylpyruvic acid: structure. acetylpyruvic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid carrying two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.	2.05	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.45	2	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
terodiline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.48	2	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.74	3	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.74	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
silybin silibinin : A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.25	4	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.74	3	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.97	4	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.45	2	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.8	10	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.74	3	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.04	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.74	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.74	3	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.74	3	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	azepanes
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.74	3	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.74	3	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.45	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
lorcainide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.45	2	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.74	3	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	benzamides
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
fenoldopam mesylate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	benzazepine
fialuridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	2.04	1	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.74	3	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.74	3	0	aminopyridine
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.45	2	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.74	3	0	dimethoxybenzene
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.74	3	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.74	3	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.74	3	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.96	4	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	3.16	5	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.74	3	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.04	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.45	2	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.45	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	2.45	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
lamivudine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.74	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.04	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.74	3	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	4.91	33	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.74	3	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	2.45	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.11	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.74	3	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.48	2	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.55	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
amprenavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	15.03	131	16	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.25	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid: also known as NeuAc2en, but this is also synonym for another compound. 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid : N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2; it is a minor component of body fluids although abundant in sialuria.	3.14	5	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.04	1	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-phenylbenzoic acid 4-phenylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to 4-carboxylic cpd	3.12	1	0
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.11	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.45	2	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.45	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	ureas
2-Oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzenes
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.45	2	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.74	3	0	benzofurans
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl)adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.45	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
narciclasine narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species	2.25	1	0	phenanthridines	metabolite
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.45	2	0
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
(-)-catechin (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.	2.25	1	0	catechin	metabolite
lamivudine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.74	3	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
4'-methoxyflavone 4'-methoxyflavone: from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae); structure in first source	2.25	1	0	ether; flavonoids
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	2.74	3	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.04	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu [no description available]	2.52	2	0	phosphate salt
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.45	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.16	5	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2.48	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
benzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid benzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid: for prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0
3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone: causes relaxation of cavernosum; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.75	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.04	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
propidium iodide [no description available]	3.12	1	0	organic iodide salt
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine 4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine: structure given in first source; 5-bromotubercidin in which the ribose is replaced by 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl	2.05	1	0
cyclic-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine cyclic-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine: prodrug for HPMPC; specific name and structure not given in first source	2.05	1	0
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
methotrexate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
sulbactam [no description available]	2.45	2	0	penicillanic acids
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation	2.25	1	0
2'-methoxyflavone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	ether; flavonoids
docetaxel [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.14	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.74	3	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	2.04	1	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cilomilast [no description available]	2.74	3	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	2.45	2	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
4'-chloroflavone 4'-chloroflavone: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	dihydropyridine
solifenacin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	isoquinolines
bcx 1812 [no description available]	3.57	8	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; acetamides; cyclopentanols; guanidines	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.74	3	0	morpholines
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.74	3	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
(+)-epicatechin (+)-epicatechin : A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer).	2.04	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; plant metabolite
melagatran [no description available]	2.74	3	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.04	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
etravirine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
n(4)-hydroxycytidine N(4)-hydroxycytidine : A nucleoside analogue that is cytidine which carries a hydroxy group at the N(4)-positon. It has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, SARS-CoV , SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.	2.31	1	0	ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; drug metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
N1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	thiazoles
acivicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
1-(benzenesulfonyl)indole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	sulfonamide
bortezomib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.17	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.04	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.25	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.99	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.04	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.45	2	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.45	2	0
miglitol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	piperidines
linezolid [no description available]	2.74	3	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
silychristin silychristin : A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.	2.25	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
tolterodine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
acarbose [no description available]	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
1-[4-carboxy-2-(3-pentylamino)phenyl]-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one 1-[4-carboxy-2-(3-pentylamino)phenyl]-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by pentan-2-ylamino and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; primary alcohol; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary amino compound
(north)-methanocarbathymidine (north)-methanocarbathymidine: also called NMCT. 1-[(1S,2S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl]thymine : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 2-pro-S, 4-pro-S and 5-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl pyrimidine; carbobicyclic compound; primary alcohol; pyrimidone; secondary alcohol
4-amino-2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	4.35	4	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.74	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.74	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.45	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
bana 113 [no description available]	2.44	2	0
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.85	2	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.74	3	0
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	2.52	2	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.74	3	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.74	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
eptifibatide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
decitabine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.45	2	0
teniposide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
lamivudine triphosphate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
l 737126 5-chloro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)indole-2-carboxamide: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.05	1	0
ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.	2.31	1	0	cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.45	2	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
ic9564 IC9564: betulinic acid derivative; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.74	3	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2,5,6-trichloro-1-(ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
gw 257406x maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus	2.05	1	0
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	2.05	1	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
6-phosphonylmethoxyethoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone: antineoplastic agent that reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
4-phenyl-4-oxo-2-hydroxybuten-2-oic acid 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cf 1743 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
laninamivir laninamivir: an antiviral agent	2.57	2	0	acetamides
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
2-hydroxy-4h-isoquinoline-1,3-dione 2-hydroxy-4H-isoquinoline-1,3-dione: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
3'-methoxyflavone 3'-methoxyflavone : The parent member of the class of 3'-methoxyflavones that is flavone which carries a methoxy group at the 3'-position.	2.25	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones	plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.17	1	0	stilbene
2-[(2-phenyl-4-benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl)thio]acetic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	benzofurans
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.04	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.45	2	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
benzoylacrylic acid benzoylacrylic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.45	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.04	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.74	3	0	isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.74	3	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
cancidas [no description available]	2.04	1	0
at 61 AT 61: a phenylpropenamide derivative; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.45	2	0
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine: a highly active anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
hcv 371 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether
dolasetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	steroid	estrogen
quinine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.11	1	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.74	3	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.45	2	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	3.01	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
formononetin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.5	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.5	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.5	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.5	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.04	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.5	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.5	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.74	3	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.74	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.74	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.74	3	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmetin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
fisetin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	2.04	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.25	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.5	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.25	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.25	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
tricetin tricetin : Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.	2.25	1	0	pentahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
indocyanine green [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
codeine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.74	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
N(2)-carbamimidoyl-N-{2-[4-(3-{4-[(5-carboxyfuran-2-yl)methoxy]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-D-leucinamide N(2)-carbamimidoyl-N-{2-[4-(3-{4-[(5-carboxyfuran-2-yl)methoxy]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-D-leucinamide : A leucine derivative obtained by fpormal condensation of the secondary amino group of 5-({2,3-dichloro-4-[1-methyl-5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenoxy}methyl)-2-furoic acid and the carboxy group of N-amidino-L-leucylglycine	3.12	1	0	D-leucine derivative; dichlorobenzene; furoic acid; glycine derivative; guanidines; pyrazolylpiperidine
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.04	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.45	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.74	3	0	phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
kaempferol-7-methyl ether rhamnocitrin : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol.	2.04	1	0	flavonols; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
sophoricoside sophoricoside: from fruit of Sophora japonica; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	acrovestone; isoflavonoid
thunberginol a thunberginol A: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
5,7,2'-trihydroxyflavone 5,7,2'-trihydroxyflavone: has inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA activation & on mouse skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test; from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	flavones
5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone: from the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora; inhibits monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone : A monohydroxyflavone that is 5-hydroxyflavone which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3,3',4' and 7.	2.25	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; monohydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.74	3	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.06	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
4'-chloroaurone 4'-chloroaurone: aurones from marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.74	3	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.25	1	0
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.05	1	0
famotidine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.45	2	0
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	3.39	1	1
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.74	3	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.75	3	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
flutimide flutimide: isolated from Delitschia confertaspora; selectively inhibits the transcriptase of influenza viruses; structure given	2.05	1	0
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
a 315675 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
bms 433771 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.04	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.45	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	2.04	1	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	2.04	1	0	macrolide lactam
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
tomopenem [no description available]	2.45	2	0
cp 91149 CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.74	3	0
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.45	2	0
tamiphosphor tamiphosphor: structure in first source	2.82	3	0
vindesine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
peramivir peramivir hydrate : A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of peramivir. Used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days.. peramivir : A member of the class of guanidines that is used (as its trihydrate) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days.	3.01	4	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.45	2	0
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.45	2	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.15	1	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.74	3	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.04	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.45	2	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.45	2	0
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.74	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.74	3	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.04	1	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.04	1	0
tigecycline [no description available]	2.45	2	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	4.02	2	1
ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.	2.15	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.45	1	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.16	5	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.98	4	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.74	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.04	1	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	3.16	5	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	3.16	5	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.74	3	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.96	4	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer	3.12	1	0	benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	2.74	3	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.74	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.74	3	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cyclopropavir cyclopropavir: cyclopropavir is the (Z)-isomer; has antiviral activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
rifabutin [no description available]	2.74	3	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	3.32	6	0
Grippe [description not available]	11.25	45	6
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	11.25	45	6
Avian Flu [description not available]	3.72	9	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	3.72	9	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.73	6	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.23	4	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.77	3	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	3.56	1	1
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	2.17	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	5.63	6	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.73	3	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	6.47	3	3
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.1	1	0
Stomatitis, Vesicular [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.11	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.52	2	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.11	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.13	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.05	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.47	2	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	2.06	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	3.45	1	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.48	2	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.07	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.07	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.07	1	0

gs 4071

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (51)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (22)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (12)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (567)

Research

Studies (190)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 16.90

Study Types

gs 4071

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (51)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (22)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (12)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (567)

Research

Studies (190)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 16.90

Study Types

Related Drugs (805)

Related Conditions (42)